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Rudà R, Horbinski C, van den Bent M, Preusser M, Soffietti R. IDH inhibition in gliomas: from preclinical models to clinical trials. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:395-407. [PMID: 38760442 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumours in adults and cannot usually be cured with standard cancer treatments. Gliomas show intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity at the histological and molecular levels, and they frequently contain mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) or IDH2 gene. IDH-mutant adult-type diffuse gliomas are subdivided into grade 2, 3 or 4 IDH-mutant astrocytomas and grade 2 or 3 IDH-mutant, 1p19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. The product of the mutated IDH genes, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), induces global DNA hypermethylation and interferes with immunity, leading to stimulation of tumour growth. Selective inhibitors of mutant IDH, such as ivosidenib and vorasidenib, have been shown to reduce D-2-HG levels and induce cellular differentiation in preclinical models and to induce MRI-detectable responses in early clinical trials. The phase III INDIGO trial has demonstrated superiority of vorasidenib, a brain-penetrant pan-mutant IDH inhibitor, over placebo in people with non-enhancing grade 2 IDH-mutant gliomas following surgery. In this Review, we describe the pathway of development of IDH inhibitors in IDH-mutant low-grade gliomas from preclinical models to clinical trials. We discuss the practice-changing implications of the INDIGO trial and consider new avenues of investigation in the field of IDH-mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rudà
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin van den Bent
- Brain Tumour Center at Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Preusser
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Riccardo Soffietti
- Division of Neuro-Oncology, Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Nayarisseri A, Bandaru S, Khan A, Sharma K, Bhrdwaj A, Kaur M, Ghosh D, Chopra I, Panicker A, Kumar A, Saravanan P, Belapurkar P, Mendonça Junior FJB, Singh SK. Epigenetic dysregulation in cancers by isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2024; 141:223-253. [PMID: 38960475 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in genome-wide studies have revealed numerous epigenetic regulations brought about by genes involved in cellular metabolism. Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), an essential enzyme, that converts isocitrate into -ketoglutarate (KG) predominantly in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, has gained particular importance due to its cardinal role in the metabolic pathway in cells. IDH1, IDH2, and IDH3 are the three isomeric IDH enzymes that have been shown to regulate cellular metabolism. Of particular importance, IDH2 genes are associated with several cancers, including gliomas, oligodendroglioma, and astrocytomas. These mutations lead to the production of oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG), which accumulates in cells promoting tumor growth. The enhanced levels of D-2-HG competitively inhibit α-KG dependent enzymes, inhibiting cell TCA cycle, upregulating the cell growth and survival relevant HIF-1α pathway, promoting DNA hypermethylation related epigenetic activity, all of which synergistically contribute to carcinogenesis. The present review discusses epigenetic mechanisms inIDH2 regulation in cells and further its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraj Nayarisseri
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, LeGene Biosciences Pvt Ltd, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Bandaru
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation (KLEF), Green Fields, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Arshiya Khan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khushboo Sharma
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anushka Bhrdwaj
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manmeet Kaur
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Dipannita Ghosh
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ishita Chopra
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aravind Panicker
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India; Department of Biosciences, Acropolis Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Priyadevi Saravanan
- In silico Research Laboratory, Eminent Biosciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Pranoti Belapurkar
- Department of Biosciences, Acropolis Institute, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar Singh
- Computer Aided Drug Designing and Molecular Modeling Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mealka M, Sierra NA, Avellaneda Matteo D, Albekioni E, Khoury R, Mai T, Conley BM, Coleman NJ, Sabo KA, Komives EA, Bobkov AA, Cooksy AL, Silletti S, Schiffer JM, Huxford T, Sohl CD. Active site remodeling in tumor-relevant IDH1 mutants drives distinct kinetic features and potential resistance mechanisms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3785. [PMID: 38710674 PMCID: PMC11074275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48277-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) drive tumor formation in a variety of cancers by replacing its conventional activity with a neomorphic activity that generates an oncometabolite. Little is understood of the mechanistic differences among tumor-driving IDH1 mutants. We previously reported that the R132Q mutant unusually preserves conventional activity while catalyzing robust oncometabolite production, allowing an opportunity to compare these reaction mechanisms within a single active site. Here, we employ static and dynamic structural methods and observe that, compared to R132H, the R132Q active site adopts a conformation primed for catalysis with optimized substrate binding and hydride transfer to drive improved conventional and neomorphic activity over R132H. This active site remodeling reveals a possible mechanism of resistance to selective mutant IDH1 therapeutic inhibitors. This work enhances our understanding of fundamental IDH1 mechanisms while pinpointing regions for improving inhibitor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mealka
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole A Sierra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Elene Albekioni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Khoury
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Mai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brittany M Conley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nalani J Coleman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Sabo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Komives
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrey A Bobkov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew L Cooksy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steve Silletti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christal D Sohl
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Adam MAA, Robinson M, Schwartz AV, Wells G, Hoang A, Albekioni E, Chao G, Weeks J, George UZ, House CD, Turcan Ş, Sohl CD. Catalytically distinct IDH1 mutants tune phenotype severity in tumor models. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.22.590655. [PMID: 38712107 PMCID: PMC11071412 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.22.590655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) impart a neomorphic reaction that produces the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which can inhibit DNA and histone demethylases to drive tumorigenesis via epigenetic changes. Though heterozygous point mutations in patients primarily affect residue R132, there are myriad D2HG-producing mutants that display unique catalytic efficiency of D2HG production. Here, we show that catalytic efficiency of D2HG production is greater in IDH1 R132Q than R132H mutants, and expression of IDH1 R132Q in cellular and mouse xenograft models leads to higher D2HG concentrations in cells, tumors, and sera compared to R132H-expressing models. Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis of xenograft tumors shows expression of IDH1 R132Q relative to R132H leads to hypermethylation patterns in pathways associated with DNA damage. Transcriptome analysis indicates that the IDH1 R132Q mutation has a more aggressive pro-tumor phenotype, with members of EGFR, Wnt, and PI3K signaling pathways differentially expressed, perhaps through non-epigenetic routes. Together, these data suggest that the catalytic efficiency of IDH1 mutants modulate D2HG levels in cellular and in vivo models, resulting in unique epigenetic and transcriptomic consequences where higher D2HG levels appear to be associated with more aggressive tumors.
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5
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Cai M, Zhao J, Ding Q, Wei J. Oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate regulates anti-tumor immunity. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24454. [PMID: 38293535 PMCID: PMC10826830 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
"Oncometabolite" 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) is an aberrant metabolite found in tumor cells, exerting a pivotal influence on tumor progression. Recent studies have unveiled its impact on the proliferation, activation, and differentiation of anti-tumor T cells. Moreover, 2-HG regulates the function of innate immune components, including macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and the complement system. Elevated levels of 2-HG hinder α-KG-dependent dioxygenases (α-KGDDs), contributing to tumorigenesis by disrupting epigenetic regulation, genome integrity, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) signaling, and cellular metabolism. The chiral molecular structure of 2-HG produces two enantiomers: D-2-HG and L-2-HG, each with distinct origins and biological functions. Efforts to inhibit D-2-HG and leverage the potential of L-2-HG have demonstrated efficacy in cancer immunotherapy. This review delves into the metabolism, biological functions, and impacts on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of 2-HG, providing a comprehensive exploration of the intricate relationship between 2-HG and antitumor immunity. Additionally, we examine the potential clinical applications of targeted therapy for 2-HG, highlighting recent breakthroughs as well as the existing challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyi Zhao
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Jiangsu Breast Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifu Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
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6
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Mealka M, Sierra NA, Matteo DA, Albekioni E, Khoury R, Mai T, Conley BM, Coleman NJ, Sabo KA, Komives EA, Bobkov AA, Cooksy AL, Silletti S, Schiffer JM, Huxford T, Sohl CD. Active site remodeling in tumor-relevant IDH1 mutants drives distinct kinetic features and potential resistance mechanisms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574970. [PMID: 38260668 PMCID: PMC10802581 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in human isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) drive tumor formation in a variety of cancers by replacing its conventional activity with a neomorphic activity that generates an oncometabolite. Little is understood of the mechanistic differences among tumor-driving IDH1 mutants. We previously reported that the R132Q mutant uniquely preserves conventional activity while catalyzing robust oncometabolite production, allowing an opportunity to compare these reaction mechanisms within a single active site. Here, we employed static and dynamic structural methods and found that, compared to R132H, the R132Q active site adopted a conformation primed for catalysis with optimized substrate binding and hydride transfer to drive improved conventional and neomorphic activity over R132H. This active site remodeling revealed a possible mechanism of resistance to selective mutant IDH1 therapeutic inhibitors. This work enhances our understanding of fundamental IDH1 mechanisms while pinpointing regions for improving inhibitor selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mealka
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole A. Sierra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Elene Albekioni
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Khoury
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Mai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brittany M. Conley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nalani J. Coleman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A. Sabo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Komives
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrey A. Bobkov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Andrew L. Cooksy
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steve Silletti
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Tom Huxford
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christal D. Sohl
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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7
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McCord M, Jamshidi P, Thirunavu V, Santana-Santos L, Vormittag-Nocito E, Dittman D, Parker S, Baczkowski J, Jennings L, Walshon J, McCortney K, Galbraith K, Zhang H, Lukas RV, Stupp R, Dixit K, Kumthekar P, Heimberger AB, Snuderl M, Horbinski C. Variant allelic frequencies of driver mutations can identify gliomas with potentially false-negative MGMT promoter methylation results. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:175. [PMID: 37919784 PMCID: PMC10623846 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01680-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
MGMT promoter methylation testing is required for prognosis and predicting temozolomide response in gliomas. Accurate results depend on sufficient tumor cellularity, but histologic estimates of cellularity are subjective. We sought to determine whether driver mutation variant allelic frequency (VAF) could serve as a more objective metric for cellularity and identify possible false-negative MGMT samples. Among 691 adult-type diffuse gliomas, MGMT promoter methylation was assessed by pyrosequencing (N = 445) or DNA methylation array (N = 246); VAFs of TERT and IDH driver mutations were assessed by next generation sequencing. MGMT results were analyzed in relation to VAF. By pyrosequencing, 56% of all gliomas with driver mutation VAF ≥ 0.325 had MGMT promoter methylation, versus only 37% with VAF < 0.325 (p < 0.0001). The mean MGMT promoter pyrosequencing score was 19.3% for samples with VAF VAF ≥ 0.325, versus 12.7% for samples with VAF < 0.325 (p < 0.0001). Optimal VAF cutoffs differed among glioma subtypes (IDH wildtype glioblastoma: 0.12-0.18, IDH mutant astrocytoma: ~0.33, IDH mutant and 1p/19q co-deleted oligodendroglioma: 0.3-0.4). Methylation array was more sensitive for MGMT promoter methylation at lower VAFs than pyrosequencing. Microscopic examination tended to overestimate tumor cellularity when VAF was low. Re-testing low-VAF cases with methylation array and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) confirmed that a subset of them had originally been false-negative. We conclude that driver mutation VAF is a useful quality assurance metric when evaluating MGMT promoter methylation tests, as it can help identify possible false-negative cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McCord
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Pouya Jamshidi
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Vineeth Thirunavu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lucas Santana-Santos
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Erica Vormittag-Nocito
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - David Dittman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Stephanie Parker
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Joseph Baczkowski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Lawrence Jennings
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Jordain Walshon
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Kathleen McCortney
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Kristyn Galbraith
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Rimas V Lukas
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Roger Stupp
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Karan Dixit
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Priya Kumthekar
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
| | - Craig Horbinski
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, USA.
- Lou and Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute of the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, USA.
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 303 E Superior Street, 6-518, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Repici A, Ardizzone A, Filippone A, Colarossi C, Mare M, Raciti G, Mannino D, Cuzzocrea S, Paterniti I, Esposito E. Interleukin-21 Influences Glioblastoma Course: Biological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Cells 2023; 12:2284. [PMID: 37759505 PMCID: PMC10526836 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms involving the brain or nearby tissues, affecting populations of all ages with a high incidence worldwide. Among the primary brain tumors, the most aggressive and also the most common is glioblastoma (GB), a type of glioma that falls into the category of IV-grade astrocytoma. GB often leads to death within a few months after diagnosis, even if the patient is treated with available therapies; for this reason, it is important to continue to discover new therapeutic approaches to allow for a better survival rate of these patients. Immunotherapy, today, seems to be one of the most innovative types of treatment, based on the ability of the immune system to counteract various pathologies, including cancer. In this context, interleukin 21 (IL-21), a type I cytokine produced by natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes, appears to be a valid target for new therapies since this cytokine is involved in the activation of innate and adaptive immunity. To match this purpose, our review deeply evaluated how IL-21 could influence the progression of GB, analyzing its main biological processes and mechanisms while evaluating the potential use of the latest available therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Repici
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Alessia Filippone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Cristina Colarossi
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marzia Mare
- Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo, Via Penninazzo 7, 95029 Viagrande, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Gabriele Raciti
- IOM Ricerca, Via Penninazzo 11, 95029 Viagrande, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Deborah Mannino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Irene Paterniti
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy; (A.R.); (A.A.); (A.F.); (D.M.); (S.C.); (E.E.)
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Sabo KA, Albekioni E, Caliger D, Coleman NJ, Thornberg E, Avellaneda Matteo D, Komives EA, Silletti S, Sohl CD. Capturing the Dynamic Conformational Changes of Human Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) upon Ligand and Metal Binding Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1145-1159. [PMID: 36854124 PMCID: PMC10089636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Human isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a highly conserved metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of isocitrate and α-ketoglutarate. Kinetic and structural studies with IDH1 have revealed evidence of striking conformational changes that occur upon binding of its substrates, isocitrate and NADP+, and its catalytic metal cation. Here, we used hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) to build a comprehensive map of the dynamic conformational changes experienced by IDH1 upon ligand binding. IDH1 proved well-suited for HDX-MS analysis, allowing us to capture profound changes in solvent accessibility at substrate binding sites and at a known regulatory region, as well as at more distant local subdomains that appear to support closure of this protein into its active conformation. HDX-MS analysis suggested that IDH1 is primarily purified with NADP(H) bound in the absence of its metal cation. Subsequent metal cation binding, even in the absence of isocitrate, was critical for driving large conformational changes. WT IDH1 folded into its fully closed conformation only when the full complement of substrates and metal was present. Finally, we show evidence supporting a previously hypothesized partially open conformation that forms prior to the catalytically active state, and we propose this conformation is driven by isocitrate binding in the absence of metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn A Sabo
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Elene Albekioni
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Danielle Caliger
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Nalani J Coleman
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ella Thornberg
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Diego Avellaneda Matteo
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Komives
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Steve Silletti
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Christal D Sohl
- San Diego State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego, California 92182, United States
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10
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Lyu J, Liu Y, Gong L, Chen M, Madanat YF, Zhang Y, Cai F, Gu Z, Cao H, Kaphle P, Kim YJ, Kalkan FN, Stephens H, Dickerson KE, Ni M, Chen W, Patel P, Mims AS, Borate U, Burd A, Cai SF, Yin CC, You MJ, Chung SS, Collins RH, DeBerardinis RJ, Liu X, Xu J. Disabling Uncompetitive Inhibition of Oncogenic IDH Mutations Drives Acquired Resistance. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:170-193. [PMID: 36222845 PMCID: PMC9827114 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in IDH genes occur frequently in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other human cancers to generate the oncometabolite R-2HG. Allosteric inhibition of mutant IDH suppresses R-2HG production in a subset of patients with AML; however, acquired resistance emerges as a new challenge, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we establish isogenic leukemia cells containing common IDH oncogenic mutations by CRISPR base editing. By mutational scanning of IDH single amino acid variants in base-edited cells, we describe a repertoire of IDH second-site mutations responsible for therapy resistance through disabling uncompetitive enzyme inhibition. Recurrent mutations at NADPH binding sites within IDH heterodimers act in cis or trans to prevent the formation of stable enzyme-inhibitor complexes, restore R-2HG production in the presence of inhibitors, and drive therapy resistance in IDH-mutant AML cells and patients. We therefore uncover a new class of pathogenic mutations and mechanisms for acquired resistance to targeted cancer therapies. SIGNIFICANCE Comprehensive scanning of IDH single amino acid variants in base-edited leukemia cells uncovers recurrent mutations conferring resistance to IDH inhibition through disabling NADPH-dependent uncompetitive inhibition. Together with targeted sequencing, structural, and functional studies, we identify a new class of pathogenic mutations and mechanisms for acquired resistance to IDH-targeting cancer therapies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Lyu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Lihu Gong
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yazan F. Madanat
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yuannyu Zhang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Feng Cai
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Zhimin Gu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Hui Cao
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Pranita Kaphle
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Yoon Jung Kim
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Fatma N. Kalkan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Helen Stephens
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Kathryn E. Dickerson
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Min Ni
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Weina Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Prapti Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alice S. Mims
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Uma Borate
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy Burd
- The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society, Rye Brook, New York
| | - Sheng F. Cai
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M. James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Stephen S. Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Robert H. Collins
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xin Liu
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jian Xu
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Pediatrics, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Corresponding Author: Jian Xu, Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235. Phone: 214-648-6125; E-mail:
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11
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Brandi G, Deiana C, Galvani L, Palloni A, Ricci AD, Rizzo A, Tavolari S. Are FGFR and IDH1-2 alterations a positive prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? An unresolved issue. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1137510. [PMID: 37168376 PMCID: PMC10164916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1137510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite representing some of the most common and investigated molecular changes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the prognostic role of FGFR and IDH1/2 alterations still remains an open question. In this review we provide a critical analysis of available literature data regarding this topic, underlining the strengths and pitfalls of each study reported. Despite the overall poor quality of current available studies, a general trend toward a better overall survival for FGFR2 rearrangements and, possibly, for FGFR2-3 alterations can be inferred. On the other hand, the positive prognostic role of IDH1/2 mutation seems much more uncertain. In this scenario, better designed clinical trials in these subsets of iCCA patients are needed in order to get definitive conclusions on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Brandi
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giovanni Brandi,
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Galvani
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Palloni
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angela Dalia Ricci
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, “Saverio de Bellis” Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- IRCCS Istituto Tumori “Giovanni Paolo II” of Bari, Struttura Semplice Dipartimentale di Oncologia Medica per la Presa in Carico Globale del Paziente Oncologico “Don Tonino Bello”, Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Tavolari
- Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Pal S, Sharma A, Mathew SP, Jaganathan BG. Targeting cancer-specific metabolic pathways for developing novel cancer therapeutics. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955476. [PMID: 36618350 PMCID: PMC9815821 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a heterogeneous disease characterized by various genetic and phenotypic aberrations. Cancer cells undergo genetic modifications that promote their proliferation, survival, and dissemination as the disease progresses. The unabated proliferation of cancer cells incurs an enormous energy demand that is supplied by metabolic reprogramming. Cancer cells undergo metabolic alterations to provide for increased energy and metabolite requirement; these alterations also help drive the tumor progression. Dysregulation in glucose uptake and increased lactate production via "aerobic glycolysis" were described more than 100 years ago, and since then, the metabolic signature of various cancers has been extensively studied. However, the extensive research in this field has failed to translate into significant therapeutic intervention, except for treating childhood-ALL with amino acid metabolism inhibitor L-asparaginase. Despite the growing understanding of novel metabolic alterations in tumors, the therapeutic targeting of these tumor-specific dysregulations has largely been ineffective in clinical trials. This chapter discusses the major pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and lipids and highlights the inter-twined nature of metabolic aberrations that promote tumorigenesis in different types of cancer. Finally, we summarise the therapeutic interventions which can be used as a combinational therapy to target metabolic dysregulations that are unique or common in blood, breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Pal
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sam Padalumavunkal Mathew
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Bithiah Grace Jaganathan
- Stem Cells and Cancer Biology Research Group, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India,*Correspondence: Bithiah Grace Jaganathan,
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13
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Shayanfar N, Zare-Mirzaie A, Mohammadpour M, Jafari E, Mehrtash A, Emtiazi N, Tajik F. Low expression of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132H is associated with advanced pathological features in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z. [PMID: 36063222 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent developments in genomic sequencing have led to the identification of somatic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) in various malignancies. IDH1 R132H is the most common mutation of IDH1, which affects codon 132 and results in the conversion of amino acid residue arginine (R) to histidine (H). This study is designed to evaluate the association between the expression of IDH1 R132H and clinicopathological characteristics in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). METHODS The expression pattern and clinical significance of IDH1 R132H were investigated in tissue microarrays (TMAs) of 50 LSCC tumors as well as adjacent normal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Then the exons of the 12 tumor samples with negative/weak positive staining were sequenced by applying polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS The results demonstrated that the cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H was downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent normal tissues. A statistically significant association was found between a low level of cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H protein and an increase in histological grade (p < 0.001), perineural invasion (p = 0.019), and lymph node involvement (p < 0.001). The exon4 sequencing results showed that only one sample was positive for IDH1 R132H mutation. IDH1 R132H expression was observed in 39 (78.0%) LSCC samples. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that low cytoplasmic expression of IDH1 R132H may have clinical significance in LSCC patients and is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and progression of the disease, which can help improve potential treatment in patients with LSCC. Further investigations are needed to understand the biological function of IDH1 R132H and larger sample size to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Shayanfar
- Department of Pathology, Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Zare-Mirzaie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mohammadpour
- Department of Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ensieh Jafari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Noor Danesh University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Mehrtash
- Molecular Medicine Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikoo Emtiazi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Tajik
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Reinbold R, Hvinden IC, Rabe P, Herold RA, Finch A, Wood J, Morgan M, Staudt M, Clifton IJ, Armstrong FA, McCullagh JSO, Redmond J, Bardella C, Abboud MI, Schofield CJ. Resistance to the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutant inhibitor ivosidenib can be overcome by alternative dimer-interface binding inhibitors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4785. [PMID: 35970853 PMCID: PMC9378673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ivosidenib, an inhibitor of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) R132C and R132H variants, is approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Resistance to ivosidenib due to a second site mutation of IDH1 R132C, leading to IDH1 R132C/S280F, has emerged. We describe biochemical, crystallographic, and cellular studies on the IDH1 R132C/S280F and R132H/S280F variants that inform on the mechanism of second-site resistance, which involves both modulation of inhibitor binding at the IDH1 dimer-interface and alteration of kinetic properties, which enable more efficient 2-HG production relative to IDH1 R132C and IDH1 R132H. Importantly, the biochemical and cellular results demonstrate that it should be possible to overcome S280F mediated resistance in AML patients by using alternative inhibitors, including some presently in phase 2 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reinbold
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ingvild C Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Patrick Rabe
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ryan A Herold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK
| | - Alina Finch
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - James Wood
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa Morgan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maximillian Staudt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ian J Clifton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | | | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jo Redmond
- GlaxoSmithKline, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Chiara Bardella
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos/Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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15
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Raimondi V, Ciotti G, Gottardi M, Ciccarese F. 2-Hydroxyglutarate in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Journey from Pathogenesis to Therapies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061359. [PMID: 35740380 PMCID: PMC9220225 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) plays a key role in differentiation blockade and metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. Approximatively 20–30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases carry mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes, leading to a reduction in the Krebs cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to 2-HG. Relapse and chemoresistance of AML blasts following initial good response to standard therapy account for the very poor outcome of this pathology, which represents a great challenge for hematologists. The decrease of 2-HG levels through pharmacological inhibition of mutated IDH enzymes induces the differentiation of AML blasts and sensitizes leukemic cells to several anticancer drugs. In this review, we provide an overview of the main genetic mutations in AML, with a focus on IDH mutants and the role of 2-HG in AML pathogenesis. Moreover, we discuss the impact of high levels of 2-HG on the response of AML cells to antileukemic therapies and recent evidence for highly efficient combinations of mutant IDH inhibitors with other drugs for the management of relapsed/refractory (R/R) AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Raimondi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Ciotti
- Onco Hematology, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Michele Gottardi
- Onco Hematology, Department of Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 31033 Castelfranco Veneto, Italy; (G.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Francesco Ciccarese
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV–IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy;
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16
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Saikiran Reddy M, Bhattacharjee D, Jain N. Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. Cell Signal 2022; 92:110279. [PMID: 35143931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the metabolic enzymes, IDH1 and IDH2 are frequently found in glioma, chondrosarcoma, and acute myeloid leukemia. In our previous study, we showed that mutant IDH1 and IDH2 proteins levels are high in mitosis, and mutant IDH1 enzyme activity increases in mitosis. In another study, we observed that mutant IDH2 is ubiquitinated in mitosis in an APC/C-dependent manner. To orchestrate mitosis, kinases phosphorylate key proteins and regulate their functions. But it is unknown, whether mitotic kinases regulate mutant IDH1 and IDH2. As IDH1 and IDH2 have 66% sequence identity, thus we hypothesized that a common mitotic kinase(s) may regulate mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in mitosis. To test our hypothesis, we examined mutant IDH1 and IDH2 binding to mitotic kinases and determined their role in regulating mutant IDH1 and IDH2 in mitosis. Here, we observed that Cdk1/Cyclin B1 phosphorylated mutant IDH1 and IDH2 binds Plk1. Conserved Plk1 phosphobinding sites in IDH1 and IDH2 are important for Plk1 binding. We found that Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and blocking Plk1 decreases D-2HG, whereas, overexpressing Plk1 increases D-2HG levels. Furthermore, blocking Plk1 decreases mutant IDH2 ubiquitination, whereas, overexpressing Plk1 increases mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. We conclude that Plk1 regulates mutant IDH1 enzyme activity and mutant IDH2 ubiquitination in mitosis. Based on our results, we suggest that Plk1 can be a therapeutic target in mutant IDH-linked tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saikiran Reddy
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharjee
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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17
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Hvinden IC, Cadoux-Hudson T, Schofield CJ, McCullagh JS. Metabolic adaptations in cancers expressing isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100469. [PMID: 35028610 PMCID: PMC8714851 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The most frequently mutated metabolic genes in human cancer are those encoding the enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and IDH2; these mutations have so far been identified in more than 20 tumor types. Since IDH mutations were first reported in glioma over a decade ago, extensive research has revealed their association with altered cellular processes. Mutations in IDH lead to a change in enzyme function, enabling efficient conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to R-2-hydroxyglutarate (R-2-HG). It is proposed that elevated cellular R-2-HG inhibits enzymes that regulate transcription and metabolism, subsequently affecting nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial biochemistry. The significance of these biochemical changes for tumorigenesis and potential for therapeutic exploitation remains unclear. Here we comprehensively review reported direct and indirect metabolic changes linked to IDH mutations and discuss their clinical significance. We also review the metabolic effects of first-generation mutant IDH inhibitors and highlight the potential for combination treatment strategies and new metabolic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Comfort Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher J. Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S.O. McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
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18
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Liu S, Abboud MI, John T, Mikhailov V, Hvinden I, Walsby-Tickle J, Liu X, Pettinati I, Cadoux-Hudson T, McCullagh JSO, Schofield CJ. Roles of metal ions in the selective inhibition of oncogenic variants of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1243. [PMID: 34725432 PMCID: PMC8560763 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02743-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer linked isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 variants, notably R132H IDH1, manifest a 'gain-of-function' to reduce 2-oxoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate. High-throughput screens have enabled clinically useful R132H IDH1 inhibitors, mostly allosteric binders at the dimer interface. We report investigations on roles of divalent metal ions in IDH substrate and inhibitor binding that rationalise this observation. Mg2+/Mn2+ ions enhance substrate binding to wt IDH1 and R132H IDH1, but with the former manifesting lower Mg2+/Mn2+ KMs. The isocitrate-Mg2+ complex is the preferred wt IDH1 substrate; with R132H IDH1, separate and weaker binding of 2-oxoglutarate and Mg2+ is preferred. Binding of R132H IDH1 inhibitors at the dimer interface weakens binding of active site Mg2+ complexes; their potency is affected by the Mg2+ concentration. Inhibitor selectivity for R132H IDH1 over wt IDH1 substantially arises from different stabilities of wt and R132H IDH1 substrate-Mg2+ complexes. The results reveal the importance of substrate-metal ion complexes in wt and R132H IDH1 catalysis and the basis for selective R132H IDH1 inhibition. Further studies on roles of metal ion complexes in TCA cycle and related metabolism, including from an evolutionary perspective, are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Martine I Abboud
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos/Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tobias John
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Victor Mikhailov
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ingvild Hvinden
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - John Walsby-Tickle
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Xiao Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ilaria Pettinati
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tom Cadoux-Hudson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - James S O McCullagh
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Christopher J Schofield
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and the Ineos Oxford Institute for Antimicrobial Research, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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19
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IDH1 mutant glioma is preferentially sensitive to the HDAC inhibitor panobinostat. J Neurooncol 2021; 154:159-170. [PMID: 34424450 PMCID: PMC8437887 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A large subset of diffusely infiltrative gliomas contains a gain-of-function mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 or 2 (IDH1/2mut) which produces 2-hydroxglutarate, an inhibitor of α-ketoglutarate-dependent DNA demethylases, thereby inducing widespread DNA and histone methylation. Because histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes are localized to methylated chromatin via methyl-binding domain proteins, IDH1/2mut gliomas may be more dependent on HDAC activity, and therefore may be more sensitive to HDAC inhibitors. Methods Six cultured patient-derived glioma cell lines, IDH1wt (n = 3) and IDH1mut (n = 3), were treated with an FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, panobinostat. Cellular cytotoxicity and proliferation assays were conducted by flow cytometry. Histone modifications and cell signaling pathways were assessed using immunoblot and/or ELISA. Results IDH1mut gliomas exhibited marked upregulation of genes associated with the HDAC activity. Glioma cell cultures bearing IDH1mut were significantly more sensitive to the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of panobinostat, compared to IDH1wt glioma cells. Panobinostat caused a greater increase in acetylation of the histone residues H3K14, H3K18, and H3K27 in IDH1mut glioma cells. Another HDAC inhibitor, valproic acid, was also more effective against IDH1mut glioma cells. Conclusion These data suggest that IDH1mut gliomas may be preferentially sensitive to HDAC inhibitors. Further, IDH1mut glioma cultures showed enhanced accumulation of acetylated histone residues in response to panobinostat treatment, suggesting a direct epigenetic mechanism for this sensitivity. This provides a rationale for further exploration of HDAC inhibitors against IDH1mut gliomas. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11060-021-03829-0.
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20
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Herold RA, Reinbold R, Megarity CF, Abboud MI, Schofield CJ, Armstrong FA. Exploiting Electrode Nanoconfinement to Investigate the Catalytic Properties of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH1) and a Cancer-Associated Variant. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6095-6101. [PMID: 34170697 PMCID: PMC8273889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Human isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) and its cancer-associated variant (IDH1 R132H) are rendered electroactive through coconfinement with a rapid NADP(H) recycling enzyme (ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase) in nanopores formed within an indium tin oxide electrode. Efficient coupling to localized NADP(H) enables IDH activity to be energized, controlled, and monitored in real time, leading directly to a thermodynamic redox landscape for accumulation of the oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, that would occur in biological environments when the R132H variant is present. The technique enables time-resolved, in situ measurements of the kinetics of binding and dissociation of inhibitory drugs.
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21
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Sesanto R, Kuehn JF, Barber DL, White KA. Low pH Facilitates Heterodimerization of Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase IDH1-R132H and Promotes Production of 2-Hydroxyglutarate. Biochemistry 2021; 60:1983-1994. [PMID: 34143606 PMCID: PMC8246651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
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Isocitrate dehydrogenase
1 (IDH1) is a key metabolic enzyme for
maintaining cytosolic levels of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) and preserving
the redox environment of the cytosol. Wild-type (WT) IDH1 converts
isocitrate to AKG; however, mutant IDH1-R132H that is recurrent in
human cancers catalyzes the neomorphic production of the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutrate (D-2HG) from AKG. Recent work suggests that
production of l-2-hydroxyglutarte in cancer cells can be
regulated by environmental changes, including hypoxia and intracellular
pH (pHi). However, it is unknown whether and how pHi affects the activity
of IDH1-R132H. Here, we show that in cells IDH1-R132H can produce
D-2HG in a pH-dependent manner with increased production at lower
pHi. We also identify a molecular mechanism by which this pH sensitivity
is achieved. We show that pH-dependent production of D-2HG is mediated
by pH-dependent heterodimer formation between IDH1-WT and IDH1-R132H.
In contrast, neither IDH1-WT nor IDH1-R132H homodimer formation is
affected by pH. Our results demonstrate that robust production of
D-2HG by IDH1-R132H relies on the coincidence of (1) the ability to
form heterodimers with IDH1-WT and (2) low pHi or highly abundant
AKG substrate. These data suggest cancer-associated IDH1-R132H may
be sensitive to physiological or microenvironmental cues that lower
pH, such as hypoxia or metabolic reprogramming. This work reveals
new molecular considerations for targeted therapeutics and suggests
potential synergistic effects of using catalytic IDH1 inhibitors targeting
D-2HG production in combination with drugs targeting the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae Sesanto
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94122, United States
| | - Jessamine F Kuehn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana 46617, United States
| | - Diane L Barber
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94122, United States
| | - Katharine A White
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, Indiana 46617, United States
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22
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An acidic residue buried in the dimer interface of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) helps regulate catalysis and pH sensitivity. Biochem J 2021; 477:2999-3018. [PMID: 32729927 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG) to provide critical cytosolic substrates and drive NADPH-dependent reactions like lipid biosynthesis and glutathione regeneration. In biochemical studies, the forward reaction is studied at neutral pH, while the reverse reaction is typically characterized in more acidic buffers. This led us to question whether IDH1 catalysis is pH-regulated, which would have functional implications under conditions that alter cellular pH, like apoptosis, hypoxia, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we show evidence of catalytic regulation of IDH1 by pH, identifying a trend of increasing kcat values for αKG production upon increasing pH in the buffers we tested. To understand the molecular determinants of IDH1 pH sensitivity, we used the pHinder algorithm to identify buried ionizable residues predicted to have shifted pKa values. Such residues can serve as pH sensors, with changes in protonation states leading to conformational changes that regulate catalysis. We identified an acidic residue buried at the IDH1 dimer interface, D273, with a predicted pKa value upshifted into the physiological range. D273 point mutations had decreased catalytic efficiency and, importantly, loss of pH-regulated catalysis. Based on these findings, we conclude that IDH1 activity is regulated, at least in part, by pH. We show this regulation is mediated by at least one buried acidic residue ∼12 Å from the IDH1 active site. By establishing mechanisms of regulation of this well-conserved enzyme, we highlight catalytic features that may be susceptible to pH changes caused by cell stress and disease.
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23
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Nguyen TB, Melkus G, Taccone M, Moldovan ID, Ghinda D, Gotfrit R, Torres CH, Zakhari N, Chakraborty S, Woulfe J, Jansen G, McInnes MD, Thornhill RE, Cameron I, AlKherayf F. Preoperative Determination of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation in Gliomas Using Spectral Editing MRS: A Prospective Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 53:416-426. [PMID: 32940938 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The edited magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique has not yet been formally evaluated for the in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in patients with gliomas of various grades. PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of edited MRS in the preoperative identification of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in patients with gliomas. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Fifty-eight subjects (31 glioblastomas, 27 grade II and III gliomas). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Mescher-Garwood (MEGA)-PRESS and routine clinical brain tumor MR sequences were used at 3T. ASSESSMENT Data were analyzed using an advanced method for accurate, robust, and efficient spectral fitting (AMARES) from jMRUI software. The amplitudes of the 2-HG, N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) resonances were calculated with their associated Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). The IDH1 R132H mutation status was assessed by immunohistochemistry for all patients. Patients with grades II and III gliomas with negative immunohistochemistry underwent DNA sequencing to further interrogate IDH mutation status. STATISTICAL TEST The differences in 2-HG amplitudes, 2-HG/NAA, 2-HG/Cho, and 2-HG/Cr between IDH-mutant and IDH-wildtype gliomas were assessed using Mann-Whitney U-tests. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of each parameter. RESULTS The 2-HG amplitudes, 2-HG/NAA, and 2-HG/Cho were higher for IDH-mutant gliomas than IDH-wildtype gliomas (P < 0.007). Using a CRLB threshold <30%, a 2-HG cutoff greater than 0 had a sensitivity of 80% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52-96%) and a specificity of 81% (95% CI: 54-96%) in identifying IDH-mutant gliomas. In the subset of patients with grades II and III gliomas, the sensitivity was 80% (95% CI: 52-96%) and specificity was 100% (95% CI: 40-100%). Among 2-HG ratios, the highest AUC for the identification of IDH mutant status was achieved using the 2-HG/NAA (AUC = 0.8, 95% CI 0.67-.89). DATA CONCLUSION Preoperative edited MRS appears to be able to help identify IDH-mutant gliomas with high specificity. Level of Evidence 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 2 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2021;53:416-426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh B Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerd Melkus
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Taccone
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ioana D Moldovan
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Ghinda
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan Gotfrit
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos H Torres
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nader Zakhari
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Santanu Chakraborty
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Woulfe
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerard Jansen
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Df McInnes
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca E Thornhill
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ian Cameron
- Department of Radiology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fahad AlKherayf
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Khan MS, Gargiulo S, Soumillion P. Promiscuous activity of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase produced at physiological level affords Escherichia coli growth on d-malate. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2421-2430. [PMID: 32412093 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Promiscuous activities of enzymes may serve as starting points for the evolution of new functions. However, most experimental examples of promiscuity affording an observable phenotype necessitate the artificial overexpression of the target enzyme. Here, we show that 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase (IPMDH), an enzyme involved in leucine biosynthesis, has a secondary activity on d-malate, which is sufficient for d-malate assimilation under physiological conditions where the enzyme is upregulated. In vitro, the turnover constant (kcat ) of IPMDH for d-malate is about 30-fold lower than the kcat for 3-isopropylmalate, yet sufficiently high to support the growth on d-malate. From an evolutionary perspective, our results highlight the possibility of phenotype emergence triggered by arbitrary changes in environmental conditions and prior to any mutational event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shahneawz Khan
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Serena Gargiulo
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Patrice Soumillion
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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25
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Seth Nanda C, Venkateswaran SV, Patani N, Yuneva M. Defining a metabolic landscape of tumours: genome meets metabolism. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:136-149. [PMID: 31819196 PMCID: PMC7051970 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease of multiple alterations occuring at the epigenomic, genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and/or metabolic levels. The contribution of genetic mutations in cancer initiation, progression and evolution is well understood. However, although metabolic changes in cancer have long been acknowledged and considered a plausible therapeutic target, the crosstalk between genetic and metabolic alterations throughout cancer types is not clearly defined. In this review, we summarise the present understanding of the interactions between genetic drivers of cellular transformation and cancer-associated metabolic changes, and how these interactions contribute to metabolic heterogeneity of tumours. We discuss the essential question of whether changes in metabolism are a cause or a consequence in the formation of cancer. We highlight two modes of how metabolism contributes to tumour formation. One is when metabolic reprogramming occurs downstream of oncogenic mutations in signalling pathways and supports tumorigenesis. The other is where metabolic reprogramming initiates transformation being either downstream of mutations in oncometabolite genes or induced by chronic wounding, inflammation, oxygen stress or metabolic diseases. Finally, we focus on the factors that can contribute to metabolic heterogeneity in tumours, including genetic heterogeneity, immunomodulatory factors and tissue architecture. We believe that an in-depth understanding of cancer metabolic reprogramming, and the role of metabolic dysregulation in tumour initiation and progression, can help identify cellular vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neill Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK
| | - Mariia Yuneva
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, UK.
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26
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Ozturk-Isik E, Cengiz S, Ozcan A, Yakicier C, Ersen Danyeli A, Pamir MN, Özduman K, Dincer A. Identification of IDH and TERTp mutation status using 1 H-MRS in 112 hemispheric diffuse gliomas. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1799-1809. [PMID: 31664773 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in noninvasively defining molecular subsets of hemispheric diffuse gliomas based on the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and telomerase reverse transcriptase gene promoter (TERTp) mutation status, which correspond to distinct tumor entities, and differ in demographics, natural history, treatment response, recurrence, and survival patterns. PURPOSE To investigate whether metabolite levels detected with short echo time (TE) proton MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) at 3T can be used for noninvasive molecular classification of IDH and TERTp mutation-based subsets of gliomas. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. SUBJECTS In all, 112 hemispheric diffuse gliomas (70 males/42 females, mean age: 42.1 ± 13.9 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Short-TE 1 H-MRS (repetition time (TR) = 2000 msec, TE = 30 msec, number of signal averages = 192) and routine clinical brain tumor MR protocols were acquired at 3T. ASSESSMENT 1 H-MRS data were quantified using LCModel software. TERTp and IDH1 or IDH2 (IDH1/2) mutations in the tissue were determined by either minisequencing or Sanger sequencing. STATISTICAL TESTS Metabolic differences between IDH mutant and IDH wildtype gliomas were assessed by a Mann-Whitney U-test. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Tukey-Kramer test was used to analyze metabolic differences between IDH and TERTp mutational molecular subsets of gliomas. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlations of metabolite intensities with the Ki-67 index. Furthermore, machine learning was employed to classify the IDH and TERTp mutational status of gliomas, and the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity values were estimated. RESULTS Short-TE 1 H-MRS classified the presence of an IDH mutation with 88.39% accuracy, 76.92% sensitivity, and 94.52% specificity, and a TERTp mutation within primary IDH wildtype gliomas with 92.59% accuracy, 83.33% sensitivity, and 95.24% specificity. DATA CONCLUSION Short-TE 1 H-MRS could be used to identify molecular subsets of hemispheric diffuse gliomas corresponding to IDH and TERTp mutations. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1799-1809.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Ozturk-Isik
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevim Cengiz
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alpay Ozcan
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Medical Device Technologies, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Biomedical Imaging Research and Development Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yakicier
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayca Ersen Danyeli
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pathology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Necmettin Pamir
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Özduman
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alp Dincer
- Brain Tumor Research Group, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center for Neuroradiological Applications and Research, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Philip B, Yu DX, Silvis MR, Shin CH, Robinson JP, Robinson GL, Welker AE, Angel SN, Tripp SR, Sonnen JA, VanBrocklin MW, Gibbons RJ, Looper RE, Colman H, Holmen SL. Mutant IDH1 Promotes Glioma Formation In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 23:1553-1564. [PMID: 29719265 PMCID: PMC6032974 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is the most commonly mutated gene in grade II–III glioma and secondary glioblastoma (GBM). A causal role for IDH1R132H in gliomagenesis has been proposed, but functional validation in vivo has not been demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the role of IDH1R132H in glioma development in the context of clinically relevant cooperating genetic alterations in vitro and in vivo. Immortal astrocytes expressing IDH1R132H exhibited elevated (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate levels, reduced NADPH, increased proliferation, and anchorage-independent growth. Although not sufficient on its own, IDH1R132H cooperated with PDGFA and loss of Cdkn2a, Atrx, and Pten to promote glioma development in vivo. These tumors resembled pro-neural human mutant IDH1 GBM genetically, histologically, and functionally. Our findings support the hypothesis that IDH1R132H promotes glioma development. This model enhances our understanding of the biology of IDH1R132H-driven gliomas and facilitates testing of therapeutic strategies designed to combat this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Philip
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Diana X Yu
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mark R Silvis
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Clifford H Shin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James P Robinson
- Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16(th) Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Gemma L Robinson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Adam E Welker
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Stephanie N Angel
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sheryl R Tripp
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Joshua A Sonnen
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Matthew W VanBrocklin
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Richard J Gibbons
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Howard Colman
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sheri L Holmen
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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28
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Gelman SJ, Naser F, Mahieu NG, McKenzie LD, Dunn GP, Chheda MG, Patti GJ. Consumption of NADPH for 2-HG Synthesis Increases Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flux and Sensitizes Cells to Oxidative Stress. Cell Rep 2019; 22:512-522. [PMID: 29320744 PMCID: PMC6053654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in isocitrate dehydroge-nase 1 (IDH1) occur in multiple types of human cancer. Here, we show that these mutations significantly disrupt NADPH homeostasis by consuming NADPH for 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) synthesis. Cells respond to 2-HG synthesis, but not exogenous administration of 2-HG, by increasing pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux. We show that 2-HG production competes with reductive biosynthesis and the buffering of oxidative stress, processes that also require NADPH. IDH1 mutants have a decreased capacity to synthesize palmitate and an increased sensitivity to oxidative stress. Our results demonstrate that, even when NADPH is limiting, IDH1 mutants continue to synthesize 2-HG at the expense of other NADPH-requiring pathways that are essential for cell viability. Thus, rather than attempting to decrease 2-HG synthesis in the clinic, the consumption of NADPH by mutant IDH1 may be exploited as a metabolic weakness that sensitizes tumor cells to ionizing radiation, a commonly used anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Gelman
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fuad Naser
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Nathaniel G Mahieu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Lisa D McKenzie
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Departments of Neurological Surgery and Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Milan G Chheda
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Kotredes KP, Razmpour R, Lutton E, Alfonso-Prieto M, Ramirez SH, Gamero AM. Characterization of cancer-associated IDH2 mutations that differ in tumorigenicity, chemosensitivity and 2-hydroxyglutarate production. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2675-2692. [PMID: 31105869 PMCID: PMC6505628 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) enzymes is vital for cellular metabolism, as IDH1 and IDH2 are required for the decarboxylation of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. Heterozygous somatic mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 genes have been detected in many cancers. They share the neomorphic production of the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(R)-2-HG]. With respect to IDH2, it is unclear whether all IDH2 mutations display the same or differ in tumorigenic properties and degrees of chemosensitivity. Here, we evaluated the three most frequent IDH2 mutations occurring in cancer. The predicted changes to the enzyme structure introduced by these individual mutations are supported by the observed production of (R)-2-HG. However, their tumorigenic properties, response to chemotherapeutic agents, and baseline activation of STAT3 differed. Paradoxically, the varying levels of endogenous (R)-2-HG produced by each IDH2 mutant inversely correlated with their respective growth rates. Interestingly, while we found that (R)-2-HG stimulated the growth of non-transformed cells, (R)-2-HG also displayed antitumor activity by suppressing the growth of tumors harboring wild type IDH2. The mitogenic effect of (R)-2-HG in immortalized cells could be switched to antiproliferative by transformation with oncogenic RAS. Thus, our findings show that despite their shared (R)-2-HG production, IDH2 mutations are not alike and differ in shaping tumor cell behavior and response to chemotherapeutic agents. Our study also reveals that under certain conditions, (R)-2-HG has antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Kotredes
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roshanak Razmpour
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Evan Lutton
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mercedes Alfonso-Prieto
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Computational Biomedicine, Institute for Advanced Simulation IAS-5 and Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine INM-9, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany.,C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Servio H Ramirez
- Department of Pathology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ana M Gamero
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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30
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Liu Z, Che P, Mercado JJ, Hackney JR, Friedman GK, Zhang C, You Z, Zhao X, Ding Q, Kim K, Li H, Liu X, Markert JM, Nabors B, Gillespie GY, Zhao R, Han X. Characterization of iPSCs derived from low grade gliomas revealed early regional chromosomal amplifications during gliomagenesis. J Neurooncol 2019; 141:289-301. [PMID: 30460631 PMCID: PMC6344247 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-03047-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION IDH1 mutation has been identified as an early genetic event driving low grade gliomas (LGGs) and it has been proven to exerts a powerful epigenetic effect. Cells containing IDH1 mutation are refractory to epigenetical reprogramming to iPSC induced by expression of Yamanaka transcription factors, a feature that we employed to study early genetic amplifications or deletions in gliomagenesis. METHODS We made iPSC clones from freshly surgically resected IDH1 mutant LGGs by forced expression of Yamanaka transcription factors. We sequenced the IDH locus and analyzed the genetic composition of multiple iPSC clones by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). RESULTS We hypothesize that the primary cell pool isolated from LGG tumor contains a heterogeneous population consisting tumor cells at various stages of tumor progression including cells with early genetic lesions if any prior to acquisition of IDH1 mutation. Because cells containing IDH1 mutation are refractory to reprogramming, we predict that iPSC clones should originate only from LGG cells without IDH1 mutation, i.e. cells prior to acquisition of IDH1 mutation. As expected, we found that none of the iPSC clones contains IDH1 mutation. Further analysis by aCGH of the iPSC clones reveals that they contain regional chromosomal amplifications which are also present in the primary LGG cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that there exists a subpopulation of cells harboring gene amplification but without IDH1 mutation in the LGG primary cell pool. Further analysis of TCGA LGG database demonstrates that these regional chromosomal amplifications are also present in some cases of low grade gliomas indicating they are reoccurring lesions in glioma albeit at a low frequency. Taken together, these data suggest that regional chromosomal alterations may exist prior to the acquisition of IDH mutations in at least some cases of LGGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Pulin Che
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Juan J Mercado
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James R Hackney
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55904, USA
| | - Zhiying You
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver-Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Kitai Kim
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, The Center for Cell Engineering, The Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, 55904, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - James M Markert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Burt Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - G Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Shelby 714, 1825 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
| | - Xiaosi Han
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1020 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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31
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Dexter JP, Ward PS, Dasgupta T, Hosios AM, Gunawardena J, Vander Heiden MG. Lack of evidence for substrate channeling or flux between wildtype and mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase to produce the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:20051-20061. [PMID: 30381394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoallelic point mutations in the gene encoding the cytosolic, NADP+-dependent enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) cause increased production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) in multiple cancers. Most IDH1 mutant tumors retain one wildtype (WT) IDH1 allele. Several studies have proposed that retention of this WT allele is protumorigenic by facilitating substrate channeling through a WT-mutant IDH1 heterodimer, with the WT subunit generating a local supply of α-ketoglutarate and NADPH that is then consumed by the mutant subunit to produce 2-HG. Here, we confirmed that coexpression of WT and mutant IDH1 subunits leads to formation of WT-mutant hetero-oligomers and increases 2-HG production. An analysis of a recently reported crystal structure of the WT-R132H IDH1 heterodimer and of in vitro kinetic parameters for 2-HG production, however, indicated that substrate channeling between the subunits is biophysically implausible. We also found that putative carbon-substrate flux between WT and mutant IDH1 subunits is inconsistent with the results of isotope tracing experiments in cancer cells harboring an endogenous monoallelic IDH1 mutation. Finally, using a mathematical model of WT-mutant IDH1 heterodimers, we estimated that the NADPH:NADP+ ratio is higher in the cytosol than in the mitochondria, suggesting that NADPH is unlikely to be limiting for 2-HG production in the cytosol. These findings argue against supply of either substrate being limiting for 2-HG production by a cytosolic IDH1 mutant and suggest that the retention of a WT allele in IDH1 mutant tumors is not due to a requirement for carbon or cofactor flux between WT and mutant IDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Dexter
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Patrick S Ward
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Tathagata Dasgupta
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Aaron M Hosios
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and
| | - Jeremy Gunawardena
- From the Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115,.
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, and; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
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32
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Inhibitor potency varies widely among tumor-relevant human isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutants. Biochem J 2018; 475:3221-3238. [PMID: 30249606 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20180424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) drive most low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and many chondrosarcomas and acute myeloid leukemia cases. Most tumor-relevant IDH1 mutations are deficient in the normal oxidization of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate (αKG), but gain the neomorphic activity of reducing αKG to D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), which drives tumorigenesis. We found previously that IDH1 mutants exhibit one of two reactivities: deficient αKG and moderate D2HG production (including commonly observed R132H and R132C) or moderate αKG and high D2HG production (R132Q). Here, we identify a third type of reactivity, deficient αKG and high D2HG production (R132L). We show that R132Q IDH1 has unique structural features and distinct reactivities towards mutant IDH1 inhibitors. Biochemical and cell-based assays demonstrate that while most tumor-relevant mutations were effectively inhibited by mutant IDH1 inhibitors, R132Q IDH1 had up to a 16 300-fold increase in IC50 versus R132H IDH1. Only compounds that inhibited wild-type (WT) IDH1 were effective against R132Q. This suggests that patients with a R132Q mutation may have a poor response to mutant IDH1 therapies. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that near the NADP+/NADPH-binding site in R132Q IDH1, a pair of α-helices switches between conformations that are more wild-type-like or more mutant-like, highlighting mechanisms for preserved WT activity. Dihedral angle changes in the dimer interface and buried surface area charges highlight possible mechanisms for loss of inhibitor affinity against R132Q. This work provides a platform for predicting a patient's therapeutic response and identifies a potential resistance mutation that may arise upon treatment with mutant IDH inhibitors.
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Abstract
Enasidenib is an orally available, selective, potent, small molecule inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). Neomorphic mutations in IDH2 are frequently found in both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors and lead to the production of the oncometabolite (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate. Increased levels of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate cause histone and DNA hypermethylation associated with blocked differentiation and tumorigenesis. In PDX mice transplanted with human IDH2-mutant acute myeloid leukemia cells, enasidenib treatment led to normalization of (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate serum levels, differentiation of leukemic blasts and increased survival. Early clinical data in patients with relapsed/refractory IDH2-mutant acute myeloid leukemia show that enasidenib is well tolerated and induces durable complete remissions as a single agent in about 20% of cases. One notable drug-related adverse effect is differentiation syndrome. On the basis of these results the compound has recently been approved for the treatment of relapsed/refractory IDH2-mutant acute myeloid leukemia in the USA. Although no data are available yet, clinical trials on the treatment of patients with several types of IDH2-mutant solid tumors including gliomas, chondrosarcomas and cholangiocarcinomas are currently being performed.
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34
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Juritz EI, Bascur JP, Almonacid DE, González-Nilo FD. Novel Insights for Inhibiting Mutant Heterodimer IDH1 wt-R132H in Cancer: An In-Silico Approach. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:369-380. [PMID: 29651790 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0331-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) is a dimeric enzyme responsible for supplying the cell's nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) reserves via dehydrogenation of isocitrate (ICT) and reduction of NADP+. Mutations in position R132 trigger cancer by enabling IDH1 to produce D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) and reduce inhibition by ICT. Mutant IDH1 can be found as a homodimer or a heterodimer. OBJECTIVE We propose a novel strategy to inhibit IDH1 R132 variants as a means not to decrease the concentration of 2-HG but to provoke a cytotoxic effect, as the cell malignancy at this point no longer depends on 2-HG. We aim to inhibit the activity of the mutant heterodimer to block the wild-type subunit. Limiting the NADPH reserves in a cancerous cell will enhance its susceptibility to the oxidative stress provoked by chemotherapy. METHODS We performed a virtual screening using all US FDA-approved drugs to replicate the loss of inhibition of mutant IDH1 by ICT. We characterized our results based on molecular interactions and correlated them with the described phenotypes. RESULTS We replicated the loss of inhibition by ICT in mutant IDH1. We identified 20 drugs with the potential to inhibit the heterodimeric isoform. Six of them are used in cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS We present 20 FDA-approved drugs with the potential to inhibit IDH1 wild-type activity in mutated cells. We believe this work may provide important insights into current and new approaches to dealing with IDH1 mutations. In addition, it may be used as a basis for additional studies centered on drugs presenting differential sensitivities to different IDH1 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Iván Juritz
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Pablo Bascur
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Eduardo Almonacid
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.,uBiome, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Fernando Danilo González-Nilo
- Center for Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.,Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, 2366103, Valparaíso, Chile
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35
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Wang X, Beute WK, Harrison JS, Studzinski GP. JNK1 as a signaling node in VDR-BRAF induction of cell death in AML. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 177:149-154. [PMID: 28765039 PMCID: PMC5788744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies of vitamin D, its derivatives or analogs, have failed to clearly demonstrate sustained benefits when used for the treatment of human malignant diseases. However, given the strong preclinical evidence of anti-neoplastic activity and the epidemiological associations suggesting that vitamin D compounds may have a place in cancer therapy, attempts are continuing to devise new approaches to their therapeutic use. This laboratory has developed a strategy to enhance the effectiveness of the currently standard therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) by the immediate addition of the vitamin D2 analog Doxercalciferol combined with the plant polyphenol-derived Carnosic acid to AML cells previously treated with Cytarabine (AraC). Enhancement of AML cell death was noted to be dependent on VDR and BRAF kinase. Here we document that the stress-related kinase JNK is an important additional component of cell death enhancement in this protocol. Either the Knock-down or the inhibition of JNK activity reduced the enhancement of AraC-induced cell death, and we show that JNK signaling to the apoptosis regulator BIM and Caspase executioners of cell death are downstream of VDR and BRAF. A clear understanding of the molecular basis for the increased efficacy of AraC in the therapy of AML is expected to bring this regimen to a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - William K Beute
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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36
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Lu VM, McDonald KL. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation subtypes at site 132 and their translational potential in glioma. CNS Oncol 2018; 7:41-50. [PMID: 29303363 PMCID: PMC6001689 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2017-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, de novo missense structural mutations in the IDH1 gene of arginine at site 132 (R132) have become a standard for diagnostication and prognostication in glioma management. As our clinical understanding of this mutation grows, so too does the number of mutation subtypes reported in the literature. By synergizing current knowledge of IDH1 activity in glioma with the emerging evidence of different enzyme kinetics between R132 IDH1 mutation subtypes, the translational potential in improving glioma management based on mutated IDH1 subtype in glioma is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Cure Brain Cancer Neuro-oncology Laboratory, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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37
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Stein EM. Enasidenib, a targeted inhibitor of mutant IDH2 proteins for treatment of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Future Oncol 2018; 14:23-40. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in IDH2 genes (mIDH2) occur in approximately 12% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Enasidenib is an oral, small-molecule inhibitor of mIDH2 proteins. Enasidenib is shown to suppress the oncometabolite, 2-hydroxyglutarate, and promote differentiation of leukemic bone marrow blasts. In a Phase I dose-escalation and expansion study, 40.3% of patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia responded to enasidenib monotherapy, including 19.3% who achieved complete remission and 11% who proceeded to transplant. Median overall survival was 9.3 months. 2-hydroxyglutarate suppression did not predict response and mIDH2 clearance was possible, but not required for response. Patients with ≥6 co-mutations or NRAS co-mutations were less likely to attain a response. Enasidenib was safe and well tolerated with low rates of treatment-related adverse events. [Formula: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Eytan M Stein
- Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, NY 10065, USA
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38
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Gusyatiner O, Hegi ME. Glioma epigenetics: From subclassification to novel treatment options. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 51:50-58. [PMID: 29170066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant primary brain tumors, of which glioblastoma is the most malignant form (WHO grade IV), and notorious for treatment resistance. Over the last decade mutations in epigenetic regulator genes have been identified as key drivers of subtypes of gliomas with distinct clinical features. Most characteristic are mutations in IDH1 or IDH2 in lower grade gliomas, and histone 3 mutations in pediatric high grade gliomas that are also associated with characteristic DNA methylation patterns. Furthermore, in adult glioblastoma patients epigenetic silencing of the DNA repair gene MGMT by promoter methylation is predictive for benefit from alkylating agent therapy. These epigenetic alterations are used as biomarkers and play a central role for classification of gliomas (WHO 2016) and treatment decisions. Here we review the pivotal role of epigenetic alterations in the etiology and biology of gliomas. We summarize the complex interactions between "driver" mutations, DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications, and overall chromatin organization, and how they inform current efforts of testing epigenetic compounds and combinations in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gusyatiner
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Biology and Genetics, Neuroscience Research Center and Service of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Monika E Hegi
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Biology and Genetics, Neuroscience Research Center and Service of Neurosurgery, Lausanne University Hospital, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland.
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39
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Moreno-Sánchez R, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Saavedra E, Marín-Hernández Á. Control of the NADPH supply for oxidative stress handling in cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:149-161. [PMID: 28739529 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has not been systematically analyzed whether the NADPH supply is a limiting factor for oxidative stress management in cancer cells. In the present work, it was determined in non-cancer and cancer cells the protein contents and kinetomics of (i) the cytosolic enzymes responsible for the NADPH production (i.e., Glc6PDH, 6PGDH, ME, IDH-1); and (ii) the two main enzymes responsible for NADPH/NADP+ and GSH/GSSG recycling (GR, GPx-1) associated to oxidative stress management. With these data, kinetic models were built and further validated. Rat liver and hepatoma AS-30D cytosolic fractions exhibited greater Vmax for IDH-1 than for Glc6PDH and 6PGDH whereas human cancer cells and platelets showed greater Vmax for Glc6PDH than for 6PGDH and IDH-1. The ME activity was comparatively low in all cell types tested. The Km values for the respective specific substrates were all similar among the different cell types. Most activities were lower in AS-30D cells than in liver. In contrast, IDH-1, Glc6PDH and GR activities in human cancer cells were similar or greater to those of platelets, but GPx-1 activity was severely suppressed, despite showing similar GPx-1 protein content vs. platelets. Kinetic analysis and pathway modeling revealed a previously unveiled feedback IDH-1 regulation by GSH. The oxidative stress management in cancer cells (i) was mainly controlled by GPx-1 and the main NADPH provider was Glc6PDH; and (ii) modeling indicated that NADPH supply was not a controlling step. These data suggested that Glc6PDH and GPx-1 are adequate and promising targets for anti-cancer therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | | | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Emma Saavedra
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Marín-Hernández
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Departamento de Bioquímica, Ciudad de México, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico.
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Clonal expansion and epigenetic reprogramming following deletion or amplification of mutant IDH1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:10743-10748. [PMID: 28916733 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1708914114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IDH1 mutation is the earliest genetic alteration in low-grade gliomas (LGGs), but its role in tumor recurrence is unclear. Mutant IDH1 drives overproduction of the oncometabolite d-2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) and a CpG island (CGI) hypermethylation phenotype (G-CIMP). To investigate the role of mutant IDH1 at recurrence, we performed a longitudinal analysis of 50 IDH1 mutant LGGs. We discovered six cases with copy number alterations (CNAs) at the IDH1 locus at recurrence. Deletion or amplification of IDH1 was followed by clonal expansion and recurrence at a higher grade. Successful cultures derived from IDH1 mutant, but not IDH1 wild type, gliomas systematically deleted IDH1 in vitro and in vivo, further suggestive of selection against the heterozygous mutant state as tumors progress. Tumors and cultures with IDH1 CNA had decreased 2HG, maintenance of G-CIMP, and DNA methylation reprogramming outside CGI. Thus, while IDH1 mutation initiates gliomagenesis, in some patients mutant IDH1 and 2HG are not required for later clonal expansions.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will discuss the role of several key players in glioma classification and biology, namely isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2), alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX), B-Raf (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), and H3K27M. RECENT FINDINGS IDH1/2 mutation delineates oligoden-droglioma, astrocytoma, and secondary glioblastoma (GBM) from primary GBM and lower-grade gliomas with biology similar to GBM. Additional mutations including TERT, 1p/19q, and ATRX further guide glioma classification and diagnosis, as well as pointing directions toward individualized treatments for these distinct molecular subtypes. ATRX and TERT mutations suggest the importance of telomere maintenance in gliomagenesis. BRAF alterations are key in certain low-grade gliomas and pediatric gliomas but rarely in high-grade gliomas in adults. Histone mutations (e.g., H3K27M) and their effect on chromatin modulation are novel mechanisms of cancer generation and uniquely seen in midline gliomas in children and young adults. Over the past decade, a remarkable accumulation of knowledge from the genomic study of gliomas has led to reclassification of tumors, new understanding of oncogenic mechanisms, and novel treatment strategies.
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Dang L, Su SSM. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation and (R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate: From Basic Discovery to Therapeutics Development. Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 86:305-331. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-061516-044732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Dang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139;,
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Avellaneda Matteo D, Grunseth AJ, Gonzalez ER, Anselmo SL, Kennedy MA, Moman P, Scott DA, Hoang A, Sohl CD. Molecular mechanisms of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations identified in tumors: The role of size and hydrophobicity at residue 132 on catalytic efficiency. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7971-7983. [PMID: 28330869 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.776179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) catalyzes the reversible NADP+-dependent conversion of isocitrate (ICT) to α-ketoglutarate (αKG) in the cytosol and peroxisomes. Mutations in IDH1 have been implicated in >80% of lower grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and primarily affect residue 132, which helps coordinate substrate binding. However, other mutations found in the active site have also been identified in tumors. IDH1 mutations typically result in a loss of catalytic activity, but many also can catalyze a new reaction, the NADPH-dependent reduction of αKG to d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG). D2HG is a proposed oncometabolite that can competitively inhibit αKG-dependent enzymes. Some kinetic parameters have been reported for several IDH1 mutations, and there is evidence that mutant IDH1 enzymes vary widely in their ability to produce D2HG. We report that most IDH1 mutations identified in tumors are severely deficient in catalyzing the normal oxidation reaction, but that D2HG production efficiency varies among mutant enzymes up to ∼640-fold. Common IDH1 mutations have moderate catalytic efficiencies for D2HG production, whereas rarer mutations exhibit either very low or very high efficiencies. We then designed a series of experimental IDH1 mutants to understand the features that support D2HG production. We show that this new catalytic activity observed in tumors is supported by mutations at residue 132 that have a smaller van der Waals volume and are more hydrophobic. We report that one mutation can support both the normal and neomorphic reactions. These studies illuminate catalytic features of mutations found in the majority of patients with lower grade gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Avellaneda Matteo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Adam J Grunseth
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Eric R Gonzalez
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Stacy L Anselmo
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Madison A Kennedy
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Precious Moman
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - David A Scott
- the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - An Hoang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
| | - Christal D Sohl
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182 and
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Ravasz D, Kacso G, Fodor V, Horvath K, Adam-Vizi V, Chinopoulos C. Catabolism of GABA, succinic semialdehyde or gamma-hydroxybutyrate through the GABA shunt impair mitochondrial substrate-level phosphorylation. Neurochem Int 2017; 109:41-53. [PMID: 28300620 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
GABA is catabolized in the mitochondrial matrix through the GABA shunt, encompassing transamination to succinic semialdehyde followed by oxidation to succinate by the concerted actions of GABA transaminase (GABA-T) and succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH), respectively. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a neurotransmitter and a psychoactive drug that could enter the citric acid cycle through transhydrogenation with α-ketoglutarate to succinic semialdehyde and d-hydroxyglutarate, a reaction catalyzed by hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase (HOT). Here, we tested the hypothesis that the elevation in matrix succinate concentration caused by exogenous addition of GABA, succinic semialdehyde or GHB shifts the equilibrium of the reversible reaction catalyzed by succinate-CoA ligase towards ATP (or GTP) hydrolysis, effectively negating substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP). Mitochondrial SLP was addressed by interrogating the directionality of the adenine nucleotide translocase during anoxia in isolated mouse brain and liver mitochondria. GABA eliminated SLP, and this was rescued by the GABA-T inhibitors vigabatrin and aminooxyacetic acid. Succinic semialdehyde was an extremely efficient substrate energizing mitochondria during normoxia but mimicked GABA in abolishing SLP in anoxia, in a manner refractory to vigabatrin and aminooxyacetic acid. GHB could moderately energize liver but not brain mitochondria consistent with the scarcity of HOT expression in the latter. In line with these results, GHB abolished SLP in liver but not brain mitochondria during anoxia and this was unaffected by either vigabatrin or aminooxyacetic acid. It is concluded that when mitochondria catabolize GABA or succinic semialdehyde or GHB through the GABA shunt, their ability to perform SLP is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Ravasz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Hungary
| | - Gergely Kacso
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Hungary
| | - Viktoria Fodor
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Hungary
| | - Kata Horvath
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Hungary
| | - Vera Adam-Vizi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Laboratory for Neurobiochemistry, Hungary
| | - Christos Chinopoulos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1094, Hungary; MTA-SE Lendület Neurobiochemistry Research Group, Hungary.
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L-2-Hydroxyglutarate production arises from noncanonical enzyme function at acidic pH. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:494-500. [PMID: 28263965 PMCID: PMC5516644 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) can be produced as either a D(R)- or L(S)- enantiomer, each of which inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG)-dependent enzymes involved in diverse biologic processes. Oncogenic mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase produce D-2HG, which causes a pathologic blockade in cell differentiation. On the other hand, oxygen limitation leads to accumulation of L-2HG, which can facilitate physiologic adaptation to hypoxic stress in both normal and malignant cells. Here we demonstrate that purified lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) catalyze stereospecific production of L-2HG via ‘promiscuous’ reduction of the alternative substrate αKG. Acidic pH enhances production of L-2HG by promoting a protonated form of αKG that binds to a key residue in the substrate-binding pocket of LDHA. Acid-enhanced production of L-2HG leads to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in normoxia. These findings offer insights into mechanisms whereby microenvironmental factors influence production of metabolites that alter cell fate and function.
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Yen K, Travins J, Wang F, David MD, Artin E, Straley K, Padyana A, Gross S, DeLaBarre B, Tobin E, Chen Y, Nagaraja R, Choe S, Jin L, Konteatis Z, Cianchetta G, Saunders JO, Salituro FG, Quivoron C, Opolon P, Bawa O, Saada V, Paci A, Broutin S, Bernard OA, de Botton S, Marteyn BS, Pilichowska M, Xu Y, Fang C, Jiang F, Wei W, Jin S, Silverman L, Liu W, Yang H, Dang L, Dorsch M, Penard-Lacronique V, Biller SA, Su SSM. AG-221, a First-in-Class Therapy Targeting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Harboring Oncogenic IDH2 Mutations. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:478-493. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Johannessen TCA, Mukherjee J, Viswanath P, Ohba S, Ronen SM, Bjerkvig R, Pieper RO. Rapid Conversion of Mutant IDH1 from Driver to Passenger in a Model of Human Gliomagenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14:976-983. [PMID: 27430238 PMCID: PMC5065766 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Missense mutations in the active site of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) biologically and diagnostically distinguish low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas from primary glioblastomas. IDH1 mutations lead to the formation of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from the reduction of α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), which in turn facilitates tumorigenesis by modifying DNA and histone methylation as well blocking differentiation processes. Although mutant IDH1 expression is thought to drive the gliomagenesis process, the extent to which it remains a viable therapeutic target remains unknown. To address this question, we exposed immortalized (p53/pRb deficient), untransformed human astrocytes to the mutant IDH1 inhibitor AGI-5198 prior to, concomitant with, or at intervals after, introduction of transforming mutant IDH1, then measured effects on 2-HG levels, histone methylation (H3K4me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, or H3K27me3), and growth in soft agar. Addition of AGI-5198 prior to, or concomitant with, introduction of mutant IDH1 blocked all mutant IDH1-driven changes, including cellular transformation. Addition at time intervals as short as 4 days following introduction of mutant IDH1 also suppressed 2-HG levels, but had minimal effects on histone methylation, and lost the ability to suppress clonogenicity in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, in two different models of mutant IDH1-driven gliomagenesis, AGI-5198 exposures that abolished production of 2-HG also failed to decrease histone methylation, adherent cell growth, or anchorage-independent growth in soft agar over a prolonged period. These studies show although mutant IDH1 expression drives gliomagenesis, mutant IDH1 itself rapidly converts from driver to passenger. IMPLICATIONS Agents that target mutant IDH may be effective for a narrow time and may require further optimization or additional therapeutics in glioma. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 976-83. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tor-Christian Aase Johannessen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Department of Biomedicine, The Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shigeo Ohba
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, The Kristian Gerhard Jebsen Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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48
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Song P, Li S, Wu Y, Lv C, Wang P, Zhu G. Point mutation (R153H or R153C) in Escherichia coli isocitrate dehydrogenase: Biochemical characterization and functional implication. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 57:41-49. [PMID: 27406240 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201600096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Arginine 132 (R132) mutations to histidine or cysteine frequently occur to cytosolic NADP+ -isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1) in secondary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients, in which GBM develops from a lower grade astroctyoma. Mutant enzymes lose the normal IDH activity, but acquire a neomorphic ability of producing 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) from α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). In the present study, the analogous mutations, Arg to His or Cys, were employed to homologous Arg153 of the NADP+ -IDH from Escherichia coli (EcIDH), generating two mutants: EcIDH R153 H and EcIDH R153C. The mutations dramatically reduced the catalytic efficiencies (kcat /Km ) of EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C for isocitrate oxidation, which dropped to only 0.6 and 1.5% of the wild-type enzyme, respectively. Neoenzymatic activities of catalyzing α-KG to 2-HG by EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C were confirmed by GC/TOF-MS analysis. The Km values of EcIDH R153H and EcIDH R153C displayed for α-KG were 3.3 ± 0.12 and 2.2 ± 0.13 mM, respectively, and the catalytic efficiencies (kcat /Km ) of the two mutants for α-KG were 300 and 450 M-1 s-1 , respectively. As human IDH1 Arg132 mutation is cancer-associated, the present study provides new information for the in-depth investigation of the metabolic influence of EcIDH Arg mutation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Shan Li
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yatao Wu
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Changqi Lv
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Guoping Zhu
- The Research Center of Life Omics and Health, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
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Jiang L, Shestov AA, Swain P, Yang C, Parker SJ, Wang QA, Terada LS, Adams ND, McCabe MT, Pietrak B, Schmidt S, Metallo CM, Dranka BP, Schwartz B, DeBerardinis RJ. Reductive carboxylation supports redox homeostasis during anchorage-independent growth. Nature 2016; 532:255-8. [PMID: 27049945 PMCID: PMC4860952 DOI: 10.1038/nature17393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells receive growth and survival stimuli through their attachment to an extracellular matrix (ECM). Overcoming the addiction to ECM-induced signals is required for anchorage-independent growth, a property of most malignant cells. Detachment from ECM is associated with enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) owing to altered glucose metabolism. Here we identify an unconventional pathway that supports redox homeostasis and growth during adaptation to anchorage independence. We observed that detachment from monolayer culture and growth as anchorage-independent tumour spheroids was accompanied by changes in both glucose and glutamine metabolism. Specifically, oxidation of both nutrients was suppressed in spheroids, whereas reductive formation of citrate from glutamine was enhanced. Reductive glutamine metabolism was highly dependent on cytosolic isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1), because the activity was suppressed in cells homozygous null for IDH1 or treated with an IDH1 inhibitor. This activity occurred in absence of hypoxia, a well-known inducer of reductive metabolism. Rather, IDH1 mitigated mitochondrial ROS in spheroids, and suppressing IDH1 reduced spheroid growth through a mechanism requiring mitochondrial ROS. Isotope tracing revealed that in spheroids, isocitrate/citrate produced reductively in the cytosol could enter the mitochondria and participate in oxidative metabolism, including oxidation by IDH2. This generates NADPH in the mitochondria, enabling cells to mitigate mitochondrial ROS and maximize growth. Neither IDH1 nor IDH2 was necessary for monolayer growth, but deleting either one enhanced mitochondrial ROS and reduced spheroid size, as did deletion of the mitochondrial citrate transporter protein. Together, the data indicate that adaptation to anchorage independence requires a fundamental change in citrate metabolism, initiated by IDH1-dependent reductive carboxylation and culminating in suppression of mitochondrial ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502, USA
| | - Alexander A Shestov
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Pamela Swain
- Seahorse Bioscience, 16 Esquire Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
| | - Chendong Yang
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502, USA
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lance S Terada
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Nicholas D Adams
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Michael T McCabe
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Beth Pietrak
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Stan Schmidt
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Brian P Dranka
- Seahorse Bioscience, 16 Esquire Road, North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
| | - Benjamin Schwartz
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-8502, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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50
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Liu A, Hou C, Chen H, Zong X, Zong P. Genetics and Epigenetics of Glioblastoma: Applications and Overall Incidence of IDH1 Mutation. Front Oncol 2016; 6:16. [PMID: 26858939 PMCID: PMC4731485 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most fatal brain cancer found in humans. Patients suffering from glioblastoma have a dismal prognosis, with a median survival of 15 months. The tumor may develop rapidly de novo in older patients or through progression from anaplastic astrocytomas in younger patients if glioblastoma is primary or secondary, respectively. During the past decade, significant advances have been made in the understanding of processes leading to glioblastoma, and several important genetic defects that appear to be important for the development and progression of this tumor have been identified. Particularly, the discovery of recurrent mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene has shed new light on the molecular landscape in glioblastoma. Indeed, emerging research on the consequences of mutant IDH1 protein expression suggests that its neomorphic enzymatic activity catalyzing the production of the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate influences a range of cellular programs that affect the epigenome and contribute to glioblastoma development. One of the exciting observations is the presence of IDH1 mutation in the vast majority of secondary glioblastoma, while it is almost absent in primary glioblastoma. Growing data indicate that this particular mutation has clinical and prognostic importance and will become a critical early distinction in diagnosis of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aizhen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Chunfeng Hou
- Department of Oncology Nursing, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Hongfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
| | - Xuan Zong
- Department of Oncology, Shandong University School of Medicine , Jinan , China
| | - Peijun Zong
- Department of Oncology, Yidu Central Hospital , Jinan , China
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