1
|
Cisar JO, Wang X, Woods RJ, Cain KD, Wiens GD. Structural and genetic basis for the binding of a mouse monoclonal antibody to Flavobacterium psychrophilum lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024:e13958. [PMID: 38837770 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb FL100A) previously prepared against Flavobacterium psychrophilum (Fp) CSF259-93 has now been examined for binding to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of this strain and Fp 950106-1/1. The corresponding O-polysaccharides (O-PS) of these strains are formed by identical trisaccharide repeats composed of l-Rhamnose (l-Rha), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-l-fucose (l-FucNAc) and 2-acetamido-4-R1-2,4-dideoxy-d-quinovose (d-Qui2NAc4NR1) where R1 represents a dihydroxyhexanamido moiety. The O-PS loci of these strains are also identical except for the gene (wzy1 or wzy2) that encodes the polysaccharide polymerase. Accordingly, adjacent O-PS repeats are joined through d-Qui2NAc4NR1 and l-Rha by wzy2-dependent α(1-2) linkages in Fp CSF259-93 versus wzy1-dependent β(1-3) linkages in Fp 950106-1/1. mAb FL100A reacted strongly with Fp CSF259-93 O-PS and LPS but weakly or not at all with Fp 950106-1/1 LPS and O-PS. Importantly, it also labelled cell surface blebs on the former but not the latter strain. Additionally, mAb binding was approximately 5-times stronger to homologous Fp CSF259-93 LPS than to LPS from a strain with a different R-group gene. A conformational epitope for mAb FL100A binding was suggested from molecular dynamic simulations of each O-PS. Thus, Fp CSF259-93 O-PS formed a stable well-defined compact helix in which the R1 groups were displayed in a regular pattern on the helix exterior while unreactive Fp 950106-1/1 O-PS adopted a flexible extended linear conformation. Taken together, the findings establish the specificity of mAb FL100A for Wzy2-linked F. psychrophilum O-PS and LPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John O Cisar
- United States Department of Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth D Cain
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources and the Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- Manchester Research Station, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA - Fisheries, Port Orchard, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory D Wiens
- United States Department of Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Kearneysville, West Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Man L, Soh PXY, McEnearney TE, Cain JA, Dale AL, Cordwell SJ. Multi-Omics of Campylobacter jejuni Growth in Chicken Exudate Reveals Molecular Remodelling Associated with Altered Virulence and Survival Phenotypes. Microorganisms 2024; 12:860. [PMID: 38792690 PMCID: PMC11123243 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12050860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis in the developed world. Infections are largely acquired from poultry produced for human consumption and poor food handling is thus a major risk factor. Chicken exudate (CE) is a liquid produced from defrosted commercial chicken products that facilitates C. jejuni growth. We examined the response of C. jejuni to growth in CE using a multi-omics approach. Changes in the C. jejuni proteome were assessed by label-based liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We quantified 1328 and 1304 proteins, respectively, in experiments comparing 5% CE in Mueller-Hinton (MH) medium and 100% CE with MH-only controls. These proteins represent 81.8% and 80.3% of the predicted C. jejuni NCTC11168 proteome. Growth in CE induced profound remodelling of the proteome. These changes were typically conserved between 5% and 100% CE, with a greater magnitude of change observed in 100% CE. We confirmed that CE induced C. jejuni biofilm formation, as well as increasing motility and resistance against oxidative stress, consistent with changes to proteins representing those functions. Assessment of the C. jejuni metabolome showed CE also led to increased intracellular abundances of serine, proline, and lactate that were correlated with the elevated abundances of their respective transporters. Analysis of carbon source uptake showed prolonged culture supernatant retention of proline and succinate in CE-supplemented medium. Metabolomics data provided preliminary evidence for the uptake of chicken-meat-associated dipeptides. C. jejuni exposed to CE showed increased resistance to several antibiotics, including polymyxin B, consistent with changes to tripartite efflux system proteins and those involved in the synthesis of lipid A. The C. jejuni CE proteome was also characterised by very large increases in proteins associated with iron acquisition, while a decrease in proteins containing iron-sulphur clusters was also observed. Our data suggest CE is both oxygen- and iron-limiting and provide evidence of factors required for phenotypic remodelling to enable C. jejuni survival on poultry products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lok Man
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Pamela X. Y. Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tess E. McEnearney
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joel A. Cain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Ashleigh L. Dale
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart J. Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maji S, Ghotekar BK, Kulkarni SS. Total Synthesis of a Conjugation-Ready Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen Polysaccharide. Org Lett 2024; 26:745-750. [PMID: 38198674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the first total synthesis of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of Vibrio cholerae O:3 O-antigen polysaccharide. The highly complex tetrasaccharide contains rare amino sugars such as d-bacillosamine and l-fucosamine, highly labile sugar ascarylose, and higher carbon sugar d-d-heptose. Stereoselective glycosylation of the notoriously reactive ascarylose with d-d-heptose, poor nucleophilicity of the axial C4-OH of l-fucosamine, and amide coupling are the key challenges encountered in the total synthesis, which was completed via a longest linear sequence of 23 steps in 4.2% overall yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyakanta Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Balasaheb K Ghotekar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vasquez O, Alibrandi A, Bennett CS. De Novo Synthetic Approach to 2,4-Diamino-2,4,6-trideoxyhexoses (DATDH): Bacterial and Rare Deoxy-Amino Sugars. Org Lett 2023; 25:7873-7877. [PMID: 37862141 PMCID: PMC10923193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic route to 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxysugar stereoisomers in 6-7 steps and 22-33% overall yield is described. A key step in this pathway is the carbonyl coupling of d- and l-threoninol or d- and l-allo-threoninol to a phthalimido-allene mediated by chiral iridium-H8-BINAP, which allows for installation of two new chiral centers in one, highly diastereoselective (>20:1 dr) step. This approach provides a more concise, diastereoselective, and versatile method to access these deoxy-amino sugars than is currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivea Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Clay S Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hulbert SW, Desai P, Jewett MC, DeLisa MP, Williams AJ. Glycovaccinology: The design and engineering of carbohydrate-based vaccine components. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 68:108234. [PMID: 37558188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines remain one of the most important pillars in preventative medicine, providing protection against a wide array of diseases by inducing humoral and/or cellular immunity. Of the many possible candidate antigens for subunit vaccine development, carbohydrates are particularly appealing because of their ubiquitous presence on the surface of all living cells, viruses, and parasites as well as their known interactions with both innate and adaptive immune cells. Indeed, several licensed vaccines leverage bacterial cell-surface carbohydrates as antigens for inducing antigen-specific plasma cells secreting protective antibodies and the development of memory T and B cells. Carbohydrates have also garnered attention in other aspects of vaccine development, for example, as adjuvants that enhance the immune response by either activating innate immune responses or targeting specific immune cells. Additionally, carbohydrates can function as immunomodulators that dampen undesired humoral immune responses to entire protein antigens or specific, conserved regions on antigenic proteins. In this review, we highlight how the interplay between carbohydrates and the adaptive and innate arms of the immune response is guiding the development of glycans as vaccine components that act as antigens, adjuvants, and immunomodulators. We also discuss how advances in the field of synthetic glycobiology are enabling the design, engineering, and production of this new generation of carbohydrate-containing vaccine formulations with the potential to prevent infectious diseases, malignancies, and complex immune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia W Hulbert
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Primit Desai
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Michael C Jewett
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Matthew P DeLisa
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Cornell Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Asher J Williams
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arbour CA, Nagar R, Bernstein HM, Ghosh S, Al-Sammarraie Y, Dorfmueller HC, Ferguson MAJ, Stanley-Wall NR, Imperiali B. Defining early steps in Bacillus subtilis biofilm biosynthesis. mBio 2023; 14:e0094823. [PMID: 37650625 PMCID: PMC10653937 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00948-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Biofilms are the communal way of life that microbes adopt to increase survival. Key to our ability to systematically promote or ablate biofilm formation is a detailed understanding of the biofilm matrix macromolecules. Here, we identify the first two essential steps in the Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis pathway. Together, our studies and approaches provide the foundation for the sequential characterization of the steps in EPS biosynthesis, using prior steps to enable chemoenzymatic synthesis of the undecaprenyl diphosphate-linked glycan substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Arbour
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rupa Nagar
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Bernstein
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumi Ghosh
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yusra Al-Sammarraie
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Helge C. Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A. J. Ferguson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R. Stanley-Wall
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Quintana ILL, Paul A, Chowdhury A, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH. Thioglycosides Act as Metabolic Inhibitors of Bacterial Glycan Biosynthesis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:2025-2035. [PMID: 37698279 PMCID: PMC10580310 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycans that coat the surface of bacteria are compelling antibiotic targets because they contain distinct monosaccharides that are linked to pathogenesis and are absent in human cells. Disrupting glycan biosynthesis presents a path to inhibiting the ability of a bacterium to infect the host. We previously demonstrated that O-glycosides act as metabolic inhibitors and disrupt bacterial glycan biosynthesis. Inspired by a recent study which showed that thioglycosides (S-glycosides) are 10 times more effective than O-glycosides at inhibiting glycan biosynthesis in mammalian cells, we crafted a panel of S-glycosides based on rare bacterial monosaccharides. The novel thioglycosides altered glycan biosynthesis and fitness in pathogenic bacteria but had no notable effect on glycosylation or growth in beneficial bacteria or mammalian cells. In contrast to findings in mammalian cells, S-glycosides and O-glycosides exhibited comparable potency in bacteria. However, S-glycosides exhibited enhanced selectivity relative to O-glycosides. These novel metabolic inhibitors will allow selective perturbation of the bacterial glycocalyx for functional studies and set the stage to expand our antibiotic arsenal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella
de la Luz Quintana
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin
College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| | - Ankita Paul
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India
| | - Aniqa Chowdhury
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin
College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| | - Karen D. Moulton
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin
College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India
| | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department
of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin
College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen LM, de Bruin S, Pronk M, Sousa DZ, van Loosdrecht MCM, Lin Y. Sialylation and Sulfation of Anionic Glycoconjugates Are Common in the Extracellular Polymeric Substances of Both Aerobic and Anaerobic Granular Sludges. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13217-13225. [PMID: 37604486 PMCID: PMC10483923 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic and aerobic granular sludge processes are widely applied in wastewater treatment. In these systems, microorganisms grow in dense aggregates due to the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This study investigates the sialylation and sulfation of anionic glyconconjugates in anaerobic and aerobic granular sludges collected from full-scale wastewater treatment processes. Size exclusion chromatography revealed a wide molecular weight distribution (3.5 to >5500 kDa) of the alkaline-extracted EPS. The high-molecular weight fraction (>5500 kDa), comprising 16.9-27.4% of EPS, was dominant with glycoconjugates. Mass spectrometry analysis and quantification assays identified nonulosonic acids (NulOs, e.g., bacterial sialic acids) and sulfated groups contributing to the negative charge in all EPS fractions. NulOs were predominantly present in the high-molecular weight fraction (47.2-84.3% of all detected NulOs), while sulfated glycoconjugates were distributed across the molecular weight fractions. Microorganisms, closely related to genera found in the granular sludge communities, contained genes responsible for NulO and sulfate group synthesis or transfer. The similar distribution patterns of sialylation and sulfation of the anionic glycoconjugates in the EPS samples indicate that these two glycoconjugate modifications commonly occur in the EPS of aerobic and anaerobic granular sludges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Min Chen
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan de Bruin
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mario Pronk
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
- Royal
HaskoningDHV, Laan 1914
35, Amersfoort 3800 AL, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Z. Sousa
- Laboratory
of Microbiology, Wageningen University &
Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yuemei Lin
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Anderson AJ, Dodge GJ, Allen KN, Imperiali B. Co-conserved sequence motifs are predictive of substrate specificity in a family of monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4646. [PMID: 37096962 PMCID: PMC10186338 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Monotopic phosphoglycosyl transferases (monoPGTs) are an expansive superfamily of enzymes that catalyze the first membrane-committed step in the biosynthesis of bacterial glycoconjugates. MonoPGTs show a strong preference for their cognate nucleotide diphospho-sugar (NDP-sugar) substrates. However, despite extensive characterization of the monoPGT superfamily through previous development of a sequence similarity network comprising >38,000 nonredundant sequences, the connection between monoPGT sequence and NDP-sugar substrate specificity has remained elusive. In this work, we structurally characterize the C-terminus of a prototypic monoPGT for the first time and show that 19 C-terminal residues play a significant structural role in a subset of monoPGTs. This new structural information facilitated the identification of co-conserved sequence "fingerprints" that predict NDP-sugar substrate specificity for this subset of monoPGTs. A Hidden Markov model was generated that correctly assigned the substrate of previously unannotated monoPGTs. Together, these structural, sequence, and biochemical analyses have delivered new insight into the determinants guiding substrate specificity of monoPGTs and have provided a strategy for assigning the NDP-sugar substrate of a subset of enzymes in the superfamily that use UDP-di-N-acetyl bacillosamine. Moving forward, this approach may be applied to identify additional sequence motifs that serve as fingerprints for monoPGTs of differing UDP-sugar substrate specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa J. Anderson
- Department of Biology and Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Greg J. Dodge
- Department of Biology and Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Karen N. Allen
- Department of ChemistryBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dhara D, Bouchet M, Mulard LA. Scalable Synthesis of Versatile Rare Deoxyamino Sugar Building Blocks from d-Glucosamine. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37141399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c03016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the syntheses of 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranose and allyl 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-β-d-glucopyranoside from d-glucosamine hydrochloride. The potential of these two versatile scaffolds as key intermediates to a diversity of orthogonally protected rare deoxyamino hexopyranosides is exemplified in the context of fucosamine, quinovosamine, and bacillosamine. The critical C-6 deoxygenation step to 2,6-dideoxy aminosugars is performed at an early stage on a precursor featuring an imine moiety or a trifluoroacetamide moiety in place of the 2-amino group, respectively. Robustness and scalability are demonstrated for a combination of protecting groups and incremental chemical modifications that sheds light on the promise of the yet unreported allyl 2,6-dideoxy-2-N-trifluoroacetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside when addressing the feasibility of synthetic zwitterionic oligosaccharides. In particular, allyl 3-O-acetyl-4-azido-2,4,6-trideoxy-2-trifluoroacetamido-β-d-galactopyranoside, an advanced 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-d-galactopyranose building block, was achieved on the 30 g scale from 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine hydrochloride in 50% yield and nine steps, albeit only two chromatography purifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Dhara
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marion Bouchet
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Laurence A Mulard
- , Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR CNRS3523, Chemistry of Biomolecules Laboratory, 8 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wright RJ, Pewarchuk ME, Marshall EA, Murrary B, Rosin MP, Laronde DM, Zhang L, Lam WL, Langille MGI, Rock LD. Exploring the microbiome of oral epithelial dysplasia as a predictor of malignant progression. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:206. [PMID: 37024828 PMCID: PMC10080811 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02911-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research associates the oral microbiome and oral cancer. Well-characterized clinical samples with outcome data are required to establish relevant associations between the microbiota and disease. The objective of this study was to characterize the community variations and the functional implications of the microbiome in low-grade oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from annotated archival swabs in progressing (P) and non-progressing (NP) OED. We characterised the microbial community in 90 OED samples - 30 swabs from low-grade OED that progressed to cancer (cases) and 60 swabs from low-grade OED that did not progress after a minimum of 5 years of follow up (matched control subjects). There were small but significant differences between P and NP samples in terms of alpha diversity as well as beta diversity in conjunction with other clinical factors such as age and smoking status for both taxa and functional predictions. Across all samples, the most abundant genus was Streptococcus, followed by Haemophilus, Rothia, and Neisseria. Taxa and predicted functions were identified that were significantly differentially abundant with progression status (all Ps and NPs), when samples were grouped broadly by the number of years between sampling and progression or in specific time to progression for Ps only. However, these differentially abundant features were typically present only at low abundances. For example, Campylobacter was present in slightly higher abundance in Ps (1.72%) than NPs (1.41%) and this difference was significant when Ps were grouped by time to progression. Furthermore, several of the significantly differentially abundant functions were linked to the Campylobacteraceae family in Ps and may justify further investigation. Larger cohort studies to further explore the microbiome as a potential biomarker of risk in OED are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J Wright
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Benjamin Murrary
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Miriam P Rosin
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Denise M Laronde
- Department of Cancer Control Research, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lewei Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Oral Biopsy Service, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wan L Lam
- Department of Integrative Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Morgan G I Langille
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
| | - Leigha D Rock
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, QEII Hospital, Nova Scotia Health, Halifax, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Næss LM, Maugesten IS, Caugant DA, Kassu A, Aseffa A, Børud B. Genetic, Functional, and Immunogenic Analyses of the O-Linked Protein Glycosylation System in Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup A ST-7 Isolates. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0045822. [PMID: 36852982 PMCID: PMC10029716 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00458-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis exhibits a general O-linked protein glycosylation system in which pili and other extracytoplasmic proteins are glycosylated. To investigate glycan antigenicity in humans and the significance of high glycan diversity on immune escape mechanisms, we exploited serogroup A meningococcal strains and serum samples obtained from laboratory-confirmed Ethiopian patients with meningococcal disease. The 37 meningococcal isolates were sequenced, and their protein glycosylation (pgl) genotypes and protein glycosylation phenotypes were investigated in detail. An insertion sequence (IS1655) element in pglH reduced glycan variability in the majority of isolates, while phase variation strengthened glycan variability and microheterogeneity. Homologous recombination events within the pgl genes were identified in eight of the 37 isolates, and the phenotypic consequences ranged from none detected to altered glycoforms in two of the isolates in which the whole pgl locus was exchanged. Immunoblotting of sera against a complete panel of glycan-expressing mutant strains demonstrated that most of these patient sera had IgG antibodies against various neisserial protein glycan antigens. Furthermore, using a bactericidal assay comparing a wild-type meningococcal A strain and a glycosylation-null variant strain, we showed that these protein glycan antigens interfere with bactericidal killing by antibodies in patient sera. Altogether, we were largely able to link pgl genotype with glycosylation phenotype. Our study reveals that protein glycans seem to contribute to the ability of N. meningitidis to resist the bactericidal activity of human serum, possibly by masking protein epitopes important for bactericidal killing and thus protection against meningococcal disease. IMPORTANCE Bacterial meningitis is a serious global health problem, and one of the major causative organisms is Neisseria meningitidis. Extensive variability in protein glycan structure and antigenicity is due to phase variation of protein glycosylation genes and polymorphic gene content and function. The exact role(s) of glycosylation in Neisseria remains to be determined, but increasing evidence, supported by this study, suggests that glycan variability can be a strategy to escape the human immune system. The complexity of the O-linked protein glycosylation system requires further studies to fully comprehend how these bacteria utilize variation in pgl genes to produce such high glycoform diversity and to evade the human immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth M. Næss
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn S. Maugesten
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dominique A. Caugant
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Afework Kassu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abraham Aseffa
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bente Børud
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Arbour CA, Nagar R, Bernstein HM, Ghosh S, Al-Sammarraie Y, Dorfmueller HC, Ferguson MAJ, Stanley-Wall NR, Imperiali B. Defining Early Steps in B. subtilis Biofilm Biosynthesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.22.529487. [PMID: 36865097 PMCID: PMC9980142 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.22.529487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillus subtilis extracellular biofilm matrix includes an exopolysaccharide that is critical for the architecture and function of the community. To date, our understanding of the biosynthetic machinery and the molecular composition of the exopolysaccharide of B. subtilis remains unclear and incomplete. This report presents synergistic biochemical and genetic studies built from a foundation of comparative sequence analyses targeted at elucidating the activities of the first two membrane-committed steps in the exopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway. By taking this approach, we determined the nucleotide sugar donor and lipid-linked acceptor substrates for the first two enzymes in the B. subtilis biofilm exopolysaccharide biosynthetic pathway. EpsL catalyzes the first phosphoglycosyl transferase step using UDP-di- N -acetyl bacillosamine as phospho-sugar donor. EpsD is a GT-B fold glycosyl transferase that facilitates the second step in the pathway that utilizes the product of EpsL as an acceptor substrate and UDP- N -acetyl glucosamine as the sugar donor. Thus, the study defines the first two monosaccharides at the reducing end of the growing exopolysaccharide unit. In doing so we provide the first evidence of the presence of bacillosamine in an exopolysaccharide synthesized by a Gram-positive bacterium. IMPORTANCE Biofilms are the communal way of life that microbes adopt to increase survival. Key to our ability to systematically promote or ablate biofilm formation is a detailed understanding of the biofilm matrix macromolecules. Here we identify the first two essential steps in the Bacillus subtilis biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide synthesis pathway. Together our studies and approaches provide the foundation for the sequential characterization of the steps in exopolysaccharide biosynthesis, using prior steps to enable chemoenzymatic synthesis of the undecaprenol diphosphate-linked glycan substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Arbour
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Rupa Nagar
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hannah M. Bernstein
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Soumi Ghosh
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| | - Yusra Al-Sammarraie
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Helge C. Dorfmueller
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Michael A. J. Ferguson
- Wellcome Centre for Anti-Infectives Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Nicola R. Stanley-Wall
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Biology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barrett K, Dube DH. Chemical tools to study bacterial glycans: a tale from discovery of glycoproteins to disruption of their function. Isr J Chem 2023; 63:e202200050. [PMID: 37324574 PMCID: PMC10266715 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
Bacteria coat themselves with a dense array of cell envelope glycans that enhance bacterial fitness and promote survival. Despite the importance of bacterial glycans, their systematic study and perturbation remains challenging. Chemical tools have made important inroads toward understanding and altering bacterial glycans. This review describes how pioneering discoveries from Prof. Carolyn Bertozzi's laboratory inspired our laboratory to develop sugar probes to facilitate the study of bacterial glycans. As described below, we used metabolic glycan labelling to install bioorthogonal reporters into bacterial glycans, ultimately permitting the discovery of a protein glycosylation system, the identification of glycosylation genes, and the development of metabolic glycan inhibitors. Our results have provided an approach to screen bacterial glycans and gain insight into their function, even in the absence of detailed structural information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Barrett
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
| | - Danielle H Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luong P, Ghosh A, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH. Synthesis and Application of Rare Deoxy Amino l-Sugar Analogues to Probe Glycans in Pathogenic Bacteria. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:889-900. [PMID: 35302355 PMCID: PMC9445936 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell envelope glycans are compelling antibiotic targets as they are critical for strain fitness and pathogenesis yet are virtually absent from human cells. However, systematic study and perturbation of bacterial glycans remains challenging due to their utilization of rare deoxy amino l-sugars, which impede traditional glycan analysis and are not readily available from natural sources. The development of chemical tools to study bacterial glycans is a crucial step toward understanding and altering these biomolecules. Here we report an expedient methodology to access azide-containing analogues of a variety of unusual deoxy amino l-sugars starting from readily available l-rhamnose and l-fucose. Azide-containing l-sugar analogues facilitated metabolic profiling of bacterial glycans in a range of Gram-negative bacteria and revealed differential utilization of l-sugars in symbiotic versus pathogenic bacteria. Further application of these probes will refine our knowledge of the glycan repertoire in diverse bacteria and aid in the design of novel antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Luong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| | - Antara Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India
| | - Karen D. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400-076, India
| | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yakovlieva L, Fülleborn JA, Walvoort MTC. Opportunities and Challenges of Bacterial Glycosylation for the Development of Novel Antibacterial Strategies. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:745702. [PMID: 34630370 PMCID: PMC8498110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.745702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a ubiquitous process that is universally conserved in nature. The various products of glycosylation, such as polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, perform a myriad of intra- and extracellular functions. The multitude of roles performed by these molecules is reflected in the significant diversity of glycan structures and linkages found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Importantly, glycosylation is highly relevant for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. Various surface-associated glycoconjugates have been identified in bacteria that promote infectious behavior and survival in the host through motility, adhesion, molecular mimicry, and immune system manipulation. Interestingly, bacterial glycosylation systems that produce these virulence factors frequently feature rare monosaccharides and unusual glycosylation mechanisms. Owing to their marked difference from human glycosylation, bacterial glycosylation systems constitute promising antibacterial targets. With the rise of antibiotic resistance and depletion of the antibiotic pipeline, novel drug targets are urgently needed. Bacteria-specific glycosylation systems are especially promising for antivirulence therapies that do not eliminate a bacterial population, but rather alleviate its pathogenesis. In this review, we describe a selection of unique glycosylation systems in bacterial pathogens and their role in bacterial homeostasis and infection, with a focus on virulence factors. In addition, recent advances to inhibit the enzymes involved in these glycosylation systems and target the bacterial glycan structures directly will be highlighted. Together, this review provides an overview of the current status and promise for the future of using bacterial glycosylation to develop novel antibacterial strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Yakovlieva
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Julius A Fülleborn
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marthe T C Walvoort
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Several monosaccharides constitute naturally occurring glycans, but it is uncertain whether they constitute a universal set like the alphabets of proteins and DNA. Based on the available experimental observations, it is hypothesized herein that the glycan alphabet is not universal. Data on the presence/absence of pathways for the biosynthesis of 55 monosaccharides in 12 939 completely sequenced archaeal and bacterial genomes are presented in support of this hypothesis. Pathways were identified by searching for homologues of biosynthesis pathway enzymes. Substantial variations were observed in the set of monosaccharides used by organisms belonging to the same phylum, genera and even species. Monosaccharides were grouped as common, less common and rare based on their prevalence in Archaea and Bacteria. It was observed that fewer enzymes are sufficient to biosynthesize monosaccharides in the common group. It appears that the common group originated before the formation of the three domains of life. In contrast, the rare group is confined to a few species in a few phyla, suggesting that these monosaccharides evolved much later. Fold conservation, as observed in aminotransferases and SDR (short-chain dehydrogenase reductase) superfamily members involved in monosaccharide biosynthesis, suggests neo- and sub-functionalization of genes led to the formation of the rare group monosaccharides. The non-universality of the glycan alphabet begets questions about the role of different monosaccharides in determining an organism’s fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - P Sunthar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Petety V Balaji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jia T, Guo D, Han Y, Zhou D. Biosynthesis of UDP-2-acetamido-4-formamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-hexose by WekG, WekE, WekF, and WekD: Enzymes in the Wek pathway responsible for O-antigen Assembly in Escherichia coli O119. Carbohydr Res 2021; 507:108388. [PMID: 34271479 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Considering the importance of bacterial glycoconjugates on virulence and host mimicry, there is a need to better understand the biosynthetic pathways of these unusual sugars to identify critical targets involved in bacterial pathogenesis. In this report, we describe the cloning, overexpression, purification, and biochemical characterization of the four central enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway for UDP-2-acetamido-4-formamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-hexose, WekG, WekE, WekF, and WekD. Product peaks from enzyme-substrate reactions were detected by using a combination of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Putative enzyme assignments were provided by protein sequence analysis. Combined with the mass spectrometric characterization of pathway intermediates, we propose a biosynthetic pathway for UDP-2-acetamido-4-formamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-hexose. This process involves C-4, C-6 dehydration, C-4 amination, and formylation. CID-ESI-MSn result confirmed that the final product is a 4 formamido derivative too rather than the 3 formamido derivatives as reported earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Jia
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Guo
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanfang Han
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dawei Zhou
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, Tianjin, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cain JA, Dale AL, Sumer-Bayraktar Z, Solis N, Cordwell SJ. Identifying the targets and functions of N-linked protein glycosylation in Campylobacter jejuni. Mol Omics 2021; 16:287-304. [PMID: 32347268 DOI: 10.1039/d0mo00032a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans that is primarily associated with the consumption of inadequately prepared poultry products, since the organism is generally thought to be asymptomatic in avian species. Unlike many other microorganisms, C. jejuni is capable of performing extensive post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins by N- and O-linked glycosylation, both of which are required for optimal chicken colonization and human virulence. The biosynthesis and attachment of N-glycans to C. jejuni proteins is encoded by the pgl (protein glycosylation) locus, with the PglB oligosaccharyltransferase (OST) enabling en bloc transfer of a heptasaccharide N-glycan from a lipid carrier in the inner membrane to proteins exposed within the periplasm. Seventy-eight C. jejuni glycoproteins (represented by 134 sites of experimentally verified N-glycosylation) have now been identified, and include inner and outer membrane proteins, periplasmic proteins and lipoproteins, which are generally of poorly defined or unknown function. Despite our extensive knowledge of the targets of this apparently widespread process, we still do not fully understand the role N-glycosylation plays biologically, although several phenotypes, including wild-type stress resistance, biofilm formation, motility and chemotaxis have been related to a functional pgl system. Recent work has described enzymatic processes (nitrate reductase NapAB) and antibiotic efflux (CmeABC) as major targets requiring N-glycan attachment for optimal function, and experimental evidence also points to roles in cell binding via glycan-glycan interactions, protein complex formation and protein stability by conferring protection against host and bacterial proteolytic activity. Here we examine the biochemistry of the N-linked glycosylation system, define its currently known protein targets and discuss evidence for the structural and functional roles of this PTM in individual proteins and globally in C. jejuni pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Cain
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 4 East, The Hub Building (D17), 2006, Australia.
| | - Ashleigh L Dale
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 4 East, The Hub Building (D17), 2006, Australia.
| | - Zeynep Sumer-Bayraktar
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 4 East, The Hub Building (D17), 2006, Australia.
| | - Nestor Solis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Stuart J Cordwell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia and Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Level 4 East, The Hub Building (D17), 2006, Australia. and Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia and Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, 2006, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chidwick HS, Flack EKP, Keenan T, Walton J, Thomas GH, Fascione MA. Reconstitution and optimisation of the biosynthesis of bacterial sugar pseudaminic acid (Pse5Ac7Ac) enables preparative enzymatic synthesis of CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4756. [PMID: 33637817 PMCID: PMC7910423 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83707-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudaminic acids present on the surface of pathogenic bacteria, including gut pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori, are postulated to play influential roles in the etiology of associated infectious diseases through modulating flagella assembly and recognition of bacteria by the human immune system. Yet they are underexplored compared to other areas of glycoscience, in particular enzymes responsible for the glycosyltransfer of these sugars in bacteria are still to be unambiguously characterised. This can be largely attributed to a lack of access to nucleotide-activated pseudaminic acid glycosyl donors, such as CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac. Herein we reconstitute the biosynthesis of Pse5Ac7Ac in vitro using enzymes from C. jejuni (PseBCHGI) in the process optimising coupled turnover with PseBC using deuterium wash in experiments, and establishing a method for co-factor regeneration in PseH tunover. Furthermore we establish conditions for purification of a soluble CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac synthetase enzyme PseF from Aeromonas caviae and utilise it in combination with the C. jejuni enzymes to achieve practical preparative synthesis of CMP-Pse5Ac7Ac in vitro, facilitating future biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriet S Chidwick
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Emily K P Flack
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Julia Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gavin H Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Martin A Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington Road, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Moulton KD, Adewale AP, Carol HA, Mikami SA, Dube DH. Metabolic Glycan Labeling-Based Screen to Identify Bacterial Glycosylation Genes. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:3247-3259. [PMID: 33186014 PMCID: PMC7808405 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cell surface glycans are quintessential drug targets due to their critical role in colonization of the host, pathogen survival, and immune evasion. The dense cell envelope glycocalyx contains distinctive monosaccharides that are stitched together into higher order glycans to yield exclusively bacterial structures that are critical for strain fitness and pathogenesis. However, the systematic study and inhibition of bacterial glycosylation enzymes remains challenging. Bacteria produce glycans containing rare sugars refractory to traditional glycan analysis, complicating the study of bacterial glycans and the identification of their biosynthesis machinery. To ease the study of bacterial glycans in the absence of detailed structural information, we used metabolic glycan labeling to detect changes in glycan biosynthesis. Here, we screened wild-type versus mutant strains of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori, ultimately permitting the identification of genes involved in glycoprotein and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Our findings provide the first evidence that H. pylori protein glycosylation proceeds via a lipid carrier-mediated pathway that overlaps with lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. Protein glycosylation mutants displayed fitness defects consistent with those induced by small molecule glycosylation inhibitors. Broadly, our results suggest a facile approach to screen for bacterial glycosylation genes and gain insight into their biosynthesis and functional importance, even in the absence of glycan structural information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D. Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Adedunmola P. Adewale
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Hallie A. Carol
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Sage A. Mikami
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Danielle H. Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| | - Suvarn S. Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 Powai Mumbai India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kleikamp HBC, Lin YM, McMillan DGG, Geelhoed JS, Naus-Wiezer SNH, van Baarlen P, Saha C, Louwen R, Sorokin DY, van Loosdrecht MCM, Pabst M. Tackling the chemical diversity of microbial nonulosonic acids - a universal large-scale survey approach. Chem Sci 2020; 11:3074-3080. [PMID: 34122812 PMCID: PMC8157484 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06406k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonulosonic acids, commonly referred to as sialic acids, are a highly important group of nine-carbon sugars common to all domains of life. They all share biosynthetic and structural features, but otherwise display a remarkable chemical diversity. In humans, sialic acids cover all cells which makes them important for processes such as cellular protection, immunity and brain development. On the other hand, sialic acids and other nonulosonic acids have been associated with pathological processes including cancer and viral infections. In prokaryotes, nonulosonic acids are commonly associated with pathogens, which developed through molecular mimicry a strategy to circumvent the host's immune response. However, the remarkably large chemical diversity of prokaryotic nonulosonic acids challenges their discovery, and research on molecular characteristics essential for medical applications are often not feasible. Here, we demonstrate a novel, universal large-scale discovery approach that tackles the unmapped diversity of prokaryotic nonulosonic acids. Thereby, we utilize selective chemical labelling combined with a newly established mass spectrometric all-ion-reaction scanning approach to identify nonulosonic acids and other ulosonic acid-like sugars. In doing so, we provide a first molecular-level comparative study on the frequency and diversity across different phyla. We not only illustrate their surprisingly wide-spread occurrence in non-pathogenic species, but also provide evidence of potential higher carbon variants. Many biomedical studies rely on synthetic routes for sialic acids, which are highly demanding and often of low product yields. Our approach enables large-scale exploration for alternative sources of these highly important compounds. A novel large-scale survey approach for microbial nonulosonic acids (sialic acids) including a first molecular level comparative study is presented.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo B C Kleikamp
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Yue Mei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | - Duncan G G McMillan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne N H Naus-Wiezer
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Baarlen
- Host-Microbe Interactomics Group, Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Wageningen 6708 WD The Netherlands
| | - Chinmoy Saha
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Rotterdam 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Louwen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Rotterdam 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Dimitry Y Sorokin
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands .,Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Research Centre of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | | | - Martin Pabst
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology 2629 HZ Delft The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Williams DA, Pradhan K, Paul A, Olin IR, Tuck OT, Moulton KD, Kulkarni SS, Dube DH. Metabolic inhibitors of bacterial glycan biosynthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1761-1774. [PMID: 34123271 PMCID: PMC8148367 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05955e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial cell wall is a quintessential drug target due to its critical role in colonization of the host, pathogen survival, and immune evasion. The dense cell wall glycocalyx contains distinctive monosaccharides that are absent from human cells, and proper assembly of monosaccharides into higher-order glycans is critical for bacterial fitness and pathogenesis. However, the systematic study and inhibition of bacterial glycosylation enzymes remains challenging. Bacteria produce glycans containing rare deoxy amino sugars refractory to traditional glycan analysis, complicating the study of bacterial glycans and the creation of glycosylation inhibitors. To ease the study of bacterial glycan function in the absence of detailed structural or enzyme information, we crafted metabolic inhibitors based on rare bacterial monosaccharide scaffolds. Metabolic inhibitors were assessed for their ability to interfere with glycan biosynthesis and fitness in pathogenic and symbiotic bacterial species. Three metabolic inhibitors led to dramatic structural and functional defects in Helicobacter pylori. Strikingly, these inhibitors acted in a bacteria-selective manner. These metabolic inhibitors will provide a platform for systematic study of bacterial glycosylation enzymes not currently possible with existing tools. Moreover, their selectivity will provide a pathway for the development of novel, narrow-spectrum antibiotics to treat infectious disease. Our inhibition approach is general and will expedite the identification of bacterial glycan biosynthesis inhibitors in a range of systems, expanding the glycochemistry toolkit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Williams
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Kabita Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ankita Paul
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Ilana R Olin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Owen T Tuck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Karen D Moulton
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Danielle H Dube
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Bowdoin College 6600 College Station Brunswick ME 04011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou K, Tang X, Wang L, Guo Z, Xiao S, Wang Q, Zhuo C. An Emerging Clone (ST457) of Acinetobacter baumannii Clonal Complex 92 With Enhanced Virulence and Increasing Endemicity in South China. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:S179-S188. [PMID: 30423046 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The global dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clonal complex (CC) 92 has become an urgent public health concern. Methods A. baumannii isolates were collected in 5 tertiary hospitals in south China during 2012-2015, and their clinical data were obtained. The clinical characterization was studied by statistical analysis. Whole-genome sequencing and a Galleria mellonella infection model were used to investigate the genetic characterization and pathogenicity of isolates, respectively. Results Sequence type (ST)457, following ST195, become the second-most prevalent clone in our collection. Patients infected by ST457 had significantly higher 7-day mortality rates (44.4% vs 14.3%; P = .01) and proportions of 7-day deaths (70.6% vs 26.7%; P = .01) than those infected by the other STs of CC92, except for ST195 and ST208. Consistently, the day of death after culture was significantly sooner in patients infected with ST457 than those with the non-ST195/208 members of CC92 (8.71 ± 15.27 vs 25.20 ± 6.51; P = .02). This is accordant with results that ST457 had enhanced virulence with a high mortality rate through use of the G. mellonella larvae infection model. Genomic analysis suggests that ST457 evolved distinctly from the other CC92 members mainly via recombinations. This clone exclusively shared a few virulence factors with the hypervirulence strain LAC-4, including a capsule biosynthesis locus (KL49) that is supposed to be important for the hypervirulence in LAC-4. Conclusions The rising trends in prevalence and enhanced virulence of ST457 highlight the urgent need for tailored surveillance to control the further dissemination of this clone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Southern University of Science and Technology.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou
| | - Xiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Luxia Wang
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military, China
| | - Zhenghui Guo
- Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military, China
| | - Shunian Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| | - Qin Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou
| | - Chao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Irons J, Sacher JC, Szymanski CM, Downs DM. Cj1388 Is a RidA Homolog and Is Required for Flagella Biosynthesis and/or Function in Campylobacter jejuni. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2058. [PMID: 31555246 PMCID: PMC6742949 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and thus significant to public health. C. jejuni primarily lives in the gastrointestinal tracts of poultry and can contaminate meat during processing. Despite a small genome, the metabolic plasticity of C. jejuni allows proliferation in chicken ceca and mammalian host intestines, and survival in environments with a variety of temperatures, pH, osmotic conditions, and nutrient availabilities. The exact mechanism of C. jejuni infection is unknown, however, virulence requires motility. Our data suggest the C. jejuni RidA homolog, Cj1388, plays a role in flagellar biosynthesis, regulation, structure, and/or function and, as such is expected to influence virulence of the organism. Mutants lacking cj1388 have defects in motility, autoagglutination, and phage infectivity under the conditions tested. Comparison to the RidA paradigm from Salmonella enterica indicates the phenotypes of the C. jejuni cj1388 mutant are likely due to the inhibition of one or more pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes by the reactive enamine 2-aminoacrylate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Irons
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jessica C Sacher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Diana M Downs
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rice K, Batul K, Whiteside J, Kelso J, Papinski M, Schmidt E, Pratasouskaya A, Wang D, Sullivan R, Bartlett C, Weadge JT, Van der Kamp MW, Moreno-Hagelsieb G, Suits MD, Horsman GP. The predominance of nucleotidyl activation in bacterial phosphonate biosynthesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3698. [PMID: 31420548 PMCID: PMC6697681 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11627-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonates are rare and unusually bioactive natural products. However, most bacterial phosphonate biosynthetic capacity is dedicated to tailoring cell surfaces with molecules like 2-aminoethylphosphonate (AEP). Although phosphoenolpyruvate mutase (Ppm)-catalyzed installation of C-P bonds is known, subsequent phosphonyl tailoring (Pnt) pathway steps remain enigmatic. Here we identify nucleotidyltransferases in over two-thirds of phosphonate biosynthetic gene clusters, including direct fusions to ~60% of Ppm enzymes. We characterize two putative phosphonyl tailoring cytidylyltransferases (PntCs) that prefer AEP over phosphocholine (P-Cho) – a similar substrate used by the related enzyme LicC, which is a virulence factor in Streptococcus pneumoniae. PntC structural analyses reveal steric discrimination against phosphocholine. These findings highlight nucleotidyl activation as a predominant chemical logic in phosphonate biosynthesis and set the stage for probing diverse phosphonyl tailoring pathways. Phosphonate modifications can be present on microbial cell surfaces. Here the authors perform bioinformatics analyses and observe a widespread occurrence of nucleotidyltransferase-encoding genes in bacterial phosphonate biosynthesis and functionally characterize two of the identified phosphonate specific cytidylyltransferases (PntCs) and determine the crystal structure of T. denticola PntC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Rice
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Kissa Batul
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Whiteside
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Jayne Kelso
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Monica Papinski
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.,Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Edward Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Alena Pratasouskaya
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Dacheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Rebecca Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Christopher Bartlett
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Joel T Weadge
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | | | | | - Michael D Suits
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Geoff P Horsman
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bloch S, Tomek MB, Friedrich V, Messner P, Schäffer C. Nonulosonic acids contribute to the pathogenicity of the oral bacterium Tannerella forsythia. Interface Focus 2019; 9:20180064. [PMID: 30842870 PMCID: PMC6388019 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2018.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial, biofilm-caused, inflammatory disease affecting the tooth-supporting tissues. It is not only the leading cause of tooth loss worldwide, but can also impact systemic health. The development of effective treatment strategies is hampered by the complicated disease pathogenesis which is best described by a polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis model. This model classifies the Gram-negative anaerobe Tannerella forsythia as a periodontal pathogen, making it a prime candidate for interference with the disease. Tannerella forsythia employs a protein O-glycosylation system that enables high-density display of nonulosonic acids via the bacterium's two-dimensional crystalline cell surface layer. Nonulosonic acids are sialic acid-like sugars which are well known for their pivotal biological roles. This review summarizes the current knowledge of T. forsythia's unique cell envelope with a focus on composition, biosynthesis and functional implications of the cell surface O-glycan. We have obtained evidence that glycobiology affects the bacterium's immunogenicity and capability to establish itself in the polymicrobial oral biofilm. Analysis of the genomes of different T. forsythia isolates revealed that complex protein O-glycosylation involving nonulosonic acids is a hallmark of pathogenic T. forsythia strains and, thus, constitutes a valuable target for the design of novel anti-infective strategies to combat periodontitis.
Collapse
|
30
|
Cain JA, Dale AL, Niewold P, Klare WP, Man L, White MY, Scott NE, Cordwell SJ. Proteomics Reveals Multiple Phenotypes Associated with N-linked Glycosylation in Campylobacter jejuni. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:715-734. [PMID: 30617158 PMCID: PMC6442361 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.001199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major gastrointestinal pathogen generally acquired via consumption of poorly prepared poultry. N-linked protein glycosylation encoded by the pgl gene cluster targets >80 membrane proteins and is required for both nonsymptomatic chicken colonization and full human virulence. Despite this, the biological functions of N-glycosylation remain unknown. We examined the effects of pgl gene deletion on the C. jejuni proteome using label-based liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and validation using data independent acquisition (DIA-SWATH-MS). We quantified 1359 proteins corresponding to ∼84% of the C. jejuni NCTC 11168 genome, and 1080 of these were validated by DIA-SWATH-MS. Deletion of the pglB oligosaccharyltransferase (ΔpglB) resulted in a significant change in abundance of 185 proteins, 137 of which were restored to their wild-type levels by reintroduction of pglB (Δaaz.batpglB::ΔpglB). Deletion of pglB was associated with significantly reduced abundances of pgl targets and increased stress-related proteins, including ClpB, GroEL, GroES, GrpE and DnaK. pglB mutants demonstrated reduced survival following temperature (4 °C and 46 °C) and osmotic (150 mm NaCl) shock and altered biofilm phenotypes compared with wild-type C. jejuni Targeted metabolomics established that pgl negative C. jejuni switched from aspartate (Asp) to proline (Pro) uptake and accumulated intracellular succinate related to proteome changes including elevated PutP/PutA (proline transport and utilization), and reduced DctA/DcuB (aspartate import and succinate export, respectively). ΔpglB chemotaxis to some substrates (Asp, glutamate, succinate and α-ketoglutarate) was reduced and associated with altered abundance of transducer-like (Tlp) proteins. Glycosylation negative C. jejuni were depleted of all respiration-associated proteins that allow the use of alternative electron acceptors under low oxygen. We demonstrate for the first time that N-glycosylation is required for a specific enzyme activity (Nap nitrate reductase) that is associated with reduced abundance of the NapAB glycoproteins. These data indicate a multifactorial role for N-glycosylation in C. jejuni physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel A Cain
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Ashleigh L Dale
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Paula Niewold
- §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006
| | - William P Klare
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Lok Man
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre
| | - Melanie Y White
- §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006
| | | | - Stuart J Cordwell
- From the ‡School of Life and Environmental Sciences,; §Charles Perkins Centre,; ¶Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006;; ‖Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Australia 2006.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Perepelov AV, Guo X, Filatov AV, Shashkov AS, Senchenkova SN, Li B. Structure elucidation and gene cluster annotation of the O-antigen of Vibrio cholerae O100 containing two rarely occurred amino sugar derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2018; 472:98-102. [PMID: 30530139 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Vibrio cholerae O100 and studied by component analyses and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: →3)-β-d-QuipNAc4N(dHh)-(1 → 3)-α-d-Fucp4N(RHb)-(1 → 3)-α-l-FucpNAc-(1→ where Hb and dHh indicate 3-hydroxybutanoyl and 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoyl, respectively. The O-antigen gene cluster of V. cholerae O100 has been sequenced. The gene functions were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the OPS structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Perepelov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Xi Guo
- TEDA Institure of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Andrei V Filatov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander S Shashkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia N Senchenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bin Li
- TEDA Institure of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zaretsky M, Roine E, Eichler J. Sialic Acid-Like Sugars in Archaea: Legionaminic Acid Biosynthesis in the Halophile Halorubrum sp. PV6. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2133. [PMID: 30245679 PMCID: PMC6137143 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycosylation is a post-translational modification that occurs in all three domains. In Archaea, however, N-linked glycans present a degree of compositional diversity not observed in either Eukarya or Bacteria. As such, it is surprising that nonulosonic acids (NulOs), nine-carbon sugars that include sialic acids, pseudaminic acids, and legionaminic acids, are routinely detected as components of protein-linked glycans in Eukarya and Bacteria but not in Archaea. In the following, we report that the N-linked glycan attached to the S-layer glycoprotein of the haloarchaea Halorubrum sp. PV6 includes an N-formylated legionaminic acid. Analysis of the Halorubrum sp. PV6 genome led to the identification of sequences predicted to comprise the legionaminic acid biosynthesis pathway. The transcription of pathway genes was confirmed, as was the co-transcription of several of these genes. In addition, the activities of LegI, which catalyzes the condensation of 2,4-di-N-acetyl-6-deoxymannose and phosphoenolpyruvate to generate legionaminic acid, and LegF, which catalyzes the addition of cytidine monophosphate (CMP) to legionaminic acid, both heterologously expressed in Haloferax volcanii, were demonstrated. Further genome analysis predicts that the genes encoding enzymes of the legionaminic acid biosynthetic pathway are clustered together with sequences seemingly encoding components of the N-glycosylation pathway in this organism. In defining the first example of a legionaminic acid biosynthesis pathway in Archaea, the findings reported here expand our insight into archaeal N-glycosylation, an almost universal post-translational modification in this domain of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zaretsky
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| | - Elina Roine
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jerry Eichler
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Behera A, Kulkarni SS. Chemical Synthesis of Rare, Deoxy-Amino Sugars Containing Bacterial Glycoconjugates as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081997. [PMID: 30103434 PMCID: PMC6222762 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often contain rare deoxy amino sugars which are absent in the host cells. This structural difference can be harnessed for the development of vaccines. Over the last fifteen years, remarkable progress has been made toward the development of novel and efficient protocols for obtaining the rare sugar building blocks and their stereoselective assembly to construct conjugation ready bacterial glycans. In this review, we discuss the total synthesis of a variety of rare sugar containing bacterial glycoconjugates which are potential vaccine candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archanamayee Behera
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Suvarn S Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goyette-Desjardins G, Vinogradov E, Okura M, Takamatsu D, Gottschalk M, Segura M. Streptococcus suis serotype 3 and serotype 18 capsular polysaccharides contain di-N-acetyl-bacillosamine. Carbohydr Res 2018; 466:18-29. [PMID: 30014879 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 3 is counted among the S. suis serotypes causing clinical disease in pigs. Yet, limited information is available on this serotype. Here we determined for the first time the chemical composition and structure of serotype 3 capsular polysaccharide (CPS), a major bacterial virulence factor and the antigen at the origin of S. suis classification into serotypes. Chemical and spectroscopic data gave the repeating unit sequence for serotype 3: [4)D-GlcA (β1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(β1-]n. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of di-N-acetyl-d-bacillosamine (QuiNAc4NAc) containing polysaccharides in Streptococci and the second time this rare diamino sugar has been observed in a Gram-positive bacterial species since its initial report. This led to the identification of homologues of UDP-QuiNAc4NAc synthesis genes in S. suis serotype 18. Thus, the repeating unit sequence for serotype 18 is: [3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)[d-Glc (β1-2)]d-GalA4OAc(β1-3)d-GalNAc(α1-3)d-QuiNAc4NAc(α1-]n. A correlation between S. suis serotypes 3 and 18 CPS sequences and genes of these serotypes' cps loci encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerase responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating unit was tentatively established. Knowledge of CPS structure and composition will contribute to better dissect the role of this bacterial component in the pathogenesis of S. suis serotypes 3 and 18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Goyette-Desjardins
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada; National Research Council, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Masatoshi Okura
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamatsu
- Division of Bacterial and Parasitic Disease, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0856, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, 3200 Sicotte St., St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, J2S 2M2, Canada; Canadian Glycomics Network (GlycoNet), University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Dr., Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Tomek MB, Janesch B, Maresch D, Windwarder M, Altmann F, Messner P, Schäffer C. A pseudaminic acid or a legionaminic acid derivative transferase is strain-specifically implicated in the general protein O-glycosylation system of the periodontal pathogen Tannerella forsythia. Glycobiology 2018; 27:555-567. [PMID: 28334934 PMCID: PMC5420450 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of nonulosonic acids in bacteria is wide-spread and linked to pathogenicity. However, the knowledge of cognate nonulosonic acid transferases is scarce. In the periodontopathogen Tannerella forsythia, several proposed virulence factors carry strain-specifically either a pseudaminic or a legionaminic acid derivative as terminal sugar on an otherwise structurally identical, protein-bound oligosaccharide. This study aims to shed light on the transfer of either nonulosonic acid derivative on a proximal N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid residue within the O-glycan structure, exemplified with the bacterium's abundant S-layer glycoproteins. Bioinformatic analyses provided the candidate genes Tanf_01245 (strain ATCC 43037) and TFUB4_00887 (strain UB4), encoding a putative pseudaminic and a legionaminic acid derivative transferase, respectively. These transferases have identical C-termini and contain motifs typical of glycosyltransferases (DXD) and bacterial sialyltransferases (D/E-D/E-G and HP). They share homology to type B glycosyltransferases and TagB, an enzyme catalyzing glycerol transfer to an N-acetylmannosamine residue in teichoic acid biosynthesis. Analysis of a cellular pool of nucleotide-activated sugars confirmed the presence of the CMP-activated nonulosonic acid derivatives, which are most likely serving as substrates for the corresponding transferase. Single gene knock-out mutants targeted at either transferase were analyzed for S-layer O-glycan composition by ESI-MS, confirming the loss of the nonulosonic acid derivative. Cross-complementation of the mutants with the nonnative nonulosonic acid transferase was not successful indicating high stringency of the enzymes. This study identified plausible candidates for a pseudaminic and a legionaminic acid derivative transferase; these may serve as valuable tools for engineering of novel sialoglycoconjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus B Tomek
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Srinivasan VB, Angrasan M, Chandel N, Rajamohan G. Genome sequence and comparative analysis of Bacillus cereus BC04, reveals genetic diversity and alterations for antimicrobial resistance. Funct Integr Genomics 2018; 18:477-487. [PMID: 29619642 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we delineated the genome sequence of a Bacillus cereus strain BC04 isolated from a stool sample in India. The draft genome is 5.1 Mb in size and consists of total 109 scaffolds, GC content is 35.2% with 5182 coding genes. The comparative analysis with other completely sequenced genomes highlights the unique presence of genomic islands, hemolysin, capsular synthetic protein, modifying enzymes accC7 and catA15, regulators of antibiotic resistance MarR and LysR with annotated functions related to virulence, stress response, and antimicrobial resistance. Overall, this study not only signifies the genetic diversity in gut isolate BC04 in particular, but also pinpoints the presence of unique genes possessed by B. cereus which can be pertinently exploited to design novel drugs and intervention strategies for the treatment of food borne diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Bharathi Srinivasan
- Bacterial Signaling and Drug Resistance Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Mahavinod Angrasan
- Bacterial Signaling and Drug Resistance Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Neha Chandel
- Bacterial Signaling and Drug Resistance Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Govindan Rajamohan
- Bacterial Signaling and Drug Resistance Laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39-A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Santra A, Xiao A, Yu H, Li W, Li Y, Ngo L, McArthur JB, Chen X. A Diazido Mannose Analogue as a Chemoenzymatic Synthon for Synthesizing Di-N
-acetyllegionaminic Acid-Containing Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Linh Ngo
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - John B. McArthur
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry; University of California, Davis; One Shields Avenue Davis CA 95616 USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Santra A, Xiao A, Yu H, Li W, Li Y, Ngo L, McArthur JB, Chen X. A Diazido Mannose Analogue as a Chemoenzymatic Synthon for Synthesizing Di-N-acetyllegionaminic Acid-Containing Glycosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:2929-2933. [PMID: 29349857 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic synthon was designed to expand the scope of the chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. The synthon was enzymatically converted into carbohydrate analogues, which were readily derivatized chemically to produce the desired targets. The strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of glycosides containing 7,9-di-N-acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac2 ), a bacterial nonulosonic acid (NulO) analogue of sialic acid. A versatile library of α2-3/6-linked Leg5,7Ac2 -glycosides was built by using chemically synthesized 2,4-diazido-2,4,6-trideoxymannose as a chemoenzymatic synthon for highly efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation followed by downstream chemical conversion of the azido groups into acetamido groups. The syntheses required 10 steps from commercially available d-fucose and had an overall yield of 34-52 %, thus representing a significant improvement over previous methods. Free Leg5,7Ac2 monosaccharide was also synthesized by a sialic acid aldolase-catalyzed reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Santra
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - An Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Wanqing Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Yanhong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Linh Ngo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John B McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Friedrich V, Janesch B, Windwarder M, Maresch D, Braun ML, Megson ZA, Vinogradov E, Goneau MF, Sharma A, Altmann F, Messner P, Schoenhofen IC, Schäffer C. Tannerella forsythia strains display different cell-surface nonulosonic acids: biosynthetic pathway characterization and first insight into biological implications. Glycobiology 2018; 27:342-357. [PMID: 27986835 PMCID: PMC5378307 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cww129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is an anaerobic, Gram-negative periodontal pathogen. A unique O-linked oligosaccharide decorates the bacterium's cell surface proteins and was shown to modulate the host immune response. In our study, we investigated the biosynthesis of the nonulosonic acid (NulO) present at the terminal position of this glycan. A bioinformatic analysis of T. forsythia genomes revealed a gene locus for the synthesis of pseudaminic acid (Pse) in the type strain ATCC 43037 while strains FDC 92A2 and UB4 possess a locus for the synthesis of legionaminic acid (Leg) instead. In contrast to the NulO in ATCC 43037, which has been previously identified as a Pse derivative (5-N-acetimidoyl-7-N-glyceroyl-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-l-glycero-l-manno-NulO), glycan analysis of strain UB4 performed in this study indicated a 350-Da, possibly N-glycolyl Leg (3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-NulO) derivative with unknown C5,7 N-acyl moieties. We have expressed, purified and characterized enzymes of both NulO pathways to confirm these genes’ functions. Using capillary electrophoresis (CE), CE–mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, our studies revealed that Pse biosynthesis in ATCC 43037 essentially follows the UDP-sugar route described in Helicobacter pylori, while the pathway in strain FDC 92A2 corresponds to Leg biosynthesis in Campylobacter jejuni involving GDP-sugar intermediates. To demonstrate that the NulO biosynthesis enzymes are functional in vivo, we created knockout mutants resulting in glycans lacking the respective NulO. Compared to the wild-type strains, the mutants exhibited significantly reduced biofilm formation on mucin-coated surfaces, suggestive of their involvement in host-pathogen interactions or host survival. This study contributes to understanding possible biological roles of bacterial NulOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Friedrich
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Janesch
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias L Braun
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zoë A Megson
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evgeny Vinogradov
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Marie-France Goneau
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashu Sharma
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, 311 Foster Hall, 3435 Main St. Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ian C Schoenhofen
- National Research Council, Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Carter JR, Kiefel MJ. A new approach to the synthesis of legionaminic acid analogues. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35768-35775. [PMID: 35547932 PMCID: PMC9088180 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionaminic acid is a member of the nonulosonic acids, which are a class of sugars considered to be a virulence factor within a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria. We have developed a synthetic pathway towards C-7 analogues of legionaminic acid starting from Neu5Ac, resulting in the complete synthesis of both legionaminic acid, and its C-7 epimer, from a common precurser. Our approach involves the late-stage introduction of the requisite C-7 nitrogen functionality, thus making our strategy amenable to the introduction of a range of different amide groups at C-7 of legionaminic acid. We report the synthesis of the bacterial nonulosonic acid legionaminic acid, together with its C-7 epimer, from a common precursor derived from N-acetylneuraminic acid.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R. Carter
- Institute for Glycomics
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus
- Australia
| | - Milton J. Kiefel
- Institute for Glycomics
- Griffith University Gold Coast Campus
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sulzenbacher G, Roig-Zamboni V, Lebrun R, Guérardel Y, Murat D, Mansuelle P, Yamakawa N, Qian XX, Vincentelli R, Bourne Y, Wu LF, Alberto F. Glycosylate and move! The glycosyltransferase Maf is involved in bacterial flagella formation. Environ Microbiol 2017; 20:228-240. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Régine Lebrun
- Plate-forme Protéomique; Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, FR3479 Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| | - Yann Guérardel
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; UMR 8576 Université de Lille and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Lille 59000 France
| | - Dorothée Murat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB UMR7283; Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Organisms (LIA-MagMC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| | - Pascal Mansuelle
- Plate-forme Protéomique; Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, FR3479 Aix-Marseille Université and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| | - Nao Yamakawa
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle; UMR 8576 Université de Lille and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Lille 59000 France
| | - Xin-Xin Qian
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB UMR7283; Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Organisms (LIA-MagMC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| | | | - Yves Bourne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, AFMB UMR7257; Marseille 13288 France
| | - Long-Fei Wu
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB UMR7283; Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Organisms (LIA-MagMC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| | - François Alberto
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCB UMR7283; Marseille 13402 France
- International Associated Laboratory of Evolution and Development of Magnetotactic Organisms (LIA-MagMC); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Marseille 13402 France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Legionaminic acids are analogs of sialic acid that occur in cell surface glycoconjugates of several bacteria. Because legionaminic acids share the same stereochemistry as sialic acid but differ at C7 and C9, they are interesting analogs to probe the impact of varying exocyclic moieties (C7-C9) on biological activities such as susceptibilities to sialidases, interactions with Siglecs and immunogenicity. There are currently no reports on the bacterial enzymes that transfer legionaminic acids to these cell surface glycoconjugates, but some mammalian and bacterial sialyltransferases display donor promiscuity and can use CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 efficiently enough to transfer Leg5,7Ac2 to their natural acceptor glycans. When the natural activity with CMP-Leg5,7Ac2 is significant but relatively low, an alternate strategy has been to engineer versions with improved activity to transfer Leg5,7Ac2. Importantly, we have found that some bacterial sialyltransferases are very efficient for transferring Leg5,7Ac2 to small synthetic glycans with various aglycones. The two mammalian sialyltransferases that have been tested so far (porcine ST3Gal1 and human ST6Gal1) were found to be more efficient than the bacterial sialyltransferases for the modification of glycoproteins. We provide a review of the sialyltransferases selected to modify different types of glycoconjugates with Leg5,7Ac2, including small synthetic acceptors, glycolipids, and glycoproteins. In the first part, we also propose an optimized biosynthetic pathway for in vitro preparation of the donor CMP-Leg5,7Ac2, based on enzymes selected from two bacteria that naturally produce legionaminic acid.
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu H, Zhang Y, Wei R, Andolina G, Li X. Total Synthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1244 Pilin Glycan via de Novo Synthesis of Pseudaminic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:13420-13428. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Han Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruohan Wei
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Gloria Andolina
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xuechen Li
- Department of Chemistry,
State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong
Kong SAR 999077, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Cohen JE, Wang R, Shen RF, Wu WW, Keller JE. Comparative pathogenomics of Clostridium tetani. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182909. [PMID: 28800585 PMCID: PMC5553647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium tetani and Clostridium botulinum produce two of the most potent neurotoxins known, tetanus neurotoxin and botulinum neurotoxin, respectively. Extensive biochemical and genetic investigation has been devoted to identifying and characterizing various C. botulinum strains. Less effort has been focused on studying C. tetani likely because recently sequenced strains of C. tetani show much less genetic diversity than C. botulinum strains and because widespread vaccination efforts have reduced the public health threat from tetanus. Our aim was to acquire genomic data on the U.S. vaccine strain of C. tetani to better understand its genetic relationship to previously published genomic data from European vaccine strains. We performed high throughput genomic sequence analysis on two wild-type and two vaccine C. tetani strains. Comparative genomic analysis was performed using these and previously published genomic data for seven other C. tetani strains. Our analysis focused on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and four distinct constituents of the mobile genome (mobilome): a hypervariable flagellar glycosylation island region, five conserved bacteriophage insertion regions, variations in three CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) systems, and a single plasmid. Intact type IA and IB CRISPR/Cas systems were within 10 of 11 strains. A type IIIA CRISPR/Cas system was present in two strains. Phage infection histories derived from CRISPR-Cas sequences indicate C. tetani encounters phages common among commensal gut bacteria and soil-borne organisms consistent with C. tetani distribution in nature. All vaccine strains form a clade distinct from currently sequenced wild type strains when considering variations in these mobile elements. SNP, flagellar glycosylation island, prophage content and CRISPR/Cas phylogenic histories provide tentative evidence suggesting vaccine and wild type strains share a common ancestor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Cohen
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rong Wang
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rong-Fong Shen
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wells W. Wu
- Facility for Biotechnology Resources, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James E. Keller
- Laboratory of Respiratory and Special Pathogens, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zamora CY, Schocker NS, Chang MM, Imperiali B. Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Applications of Prokaryote-Specific UDP-Sugars. Methods Enzymol 2017; 597:145-186. [PMID: 28935101 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This method describes the chemoenzymatic synthesis of several nucleotide sugars, which are essential substrates in the biosynthesis of prokaryotic N- and O-linked glycoproteins. Protein glycosylation is now known to be widespread in prokaryotes and proceeds via sequential action of several enzymes, utilizing both common and modified prokaryote-specific sugar nucleotides. The latter, which include UDP-hexoses such as UDP-diNAc-bacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac), UDP-diNAcAlt, and UDP-2,3-diNAcManA, are also important components of other bacterial and archaeal glycoconjugates. The ready availability of these "high-value" intermediates will enable courses of study into inhibitor screening, glycoconjugate biosynthesis pathway discovery, and unnatural carbohydrate incorporation toward metabolic engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Michelle M Chang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Halim A, Anonsen JH. Microbial glycoproteomics. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2017; 44:143-150. [PMID: 28365498 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based "-omics" technologies are important tools for global and detailed mapping of post-translational modifications. Protein glycosylation is an abundant and important post translational modification widespread throughout all domains of life. Characterization of glycoproteins, including identification of glycan structure and components, their attachment sites and protein carriers, remains challenging. However, recent advances in glycoproteomics, a subbranch that studies and categorizes protein glycosylations, have greatly expanded the known protein glycosylation space and research in this area is rapidly accelerating. Here, we review recent developments in glycoproteomic technologies with a special focus on microbial protein glycosylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Halim
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Jan Haug Anonsen
- Center for Integrative Microbial Evolution, The Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cascales D, Guijarro JA, García-Torrico AI, Méndez J. Comparative genome analysis reveals important genetic differences among serotype O1 and serotype O2 strains of Y. ruckeri and provides insights into host adaptation and virulence. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6. [PMID: 28317294 PMCID: PMC5552943 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the existence of a commercial vaccine routinely used to protect salmonids against Yersinia ruckeri, outbreaks still occur, mainly caused by nonmotile and lipase‐negative strains (serotype O1 biotype 2). Moreover, epizootics caused by other uncommon serotypes have also been reported. At the moment, one of the main concerns for the aquaculture industry is the expanding range of hosts of this pathogen and the emergence of new biotypes and serotypes causing mortality in fish farms and against which the vaccine cannot protect. The comparative analysis of the genome sequences of five Y. ruckeri strains (150, CSF007‐82, ATCC29473, Big Creek 74, and SC09) isolated from different hosts and classified into different serotypes revealed important genetic differences between the genomes analyzed. Thus, a clear genetic differentiation was found between serotype O1 and O2 strains. The presence of 99 unique genes in Big Creek 74 and 261 in SC09 could explain the adaptation of these strains to salmon and catfish, respectively. Finally, the absence of 21 genes in ATCC29473 which are present in the other four virulent strains could underpin the attenuation described for this strain. The study reveals important genetic differences among the genomes analyzed. Further investigation of the genes highlighted in this study could provide insights into the understanding of the virulence and niche adaptive mechanisms of Y. ruckeri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Cascales
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - José A Guijarro
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana I García-Torrico
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jessica Méndez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
De Schutter JW, Morrison JP, Morrison MJ, Ciulli A, Imperiali B. Targeting Bacillosamine Biosynthesis in Bacterial Pathogens: Development of Inhibitors to a Bacterial Amino-Sugar Acetyltransferase from Campylobacter jejuni. J Med Chem 2017; 60:2099-2118. [PMID: 28182413 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The glycoproteins of selected microbial pathogens often include highly modified carbohydrates such as 2,4-diacetamidobacillosamine (diNAcBac). These glycoconjugates are involved in host-cell interactions and may be associated with the virulence of medically significant Gram-negative bacteria. In light of genetic studies demonstrating the attenuated virulence of bacterial strains in which modified carbohydrate biosynthesis enzymes have been knocked out, we are developing small molecule inhibitors of selected enzymes as tools to evaluate whether such compounds modulate virulence. We performed fragment-based and high-throughput screens against an amino-sugar acetyltransferase enzyme, PglD, involved in biosynthesis of UDP-diNAcBac in Campylobacter jejuni. Herein we report optimization of the hits into potent small molecule inhibitors (IC50 < 300 nM). Biophysical characterization shows that the best inhibitors are competitive with acetyl coenzyme A and an X-ray cocrystal structure reveals that binding is biased toward occupation of the adenine subpocket of the AcCoA binding site by an aromatic ring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris W De Schutter
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James P Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael J Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alessio Ciulli
- Division of Biological Chemistry and Drug Discovery, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee , DD1 5EH Dundee, Scotland
| | - Barbara Imperiali
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The glycosylation systems of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) are considered archetypal examples of both N- and O-linked glycosylations in the field of bacterial glycosylation. The discovery and characterization of these systems both have revealed important biological insight into C. jejuni and have led to the refinement and enhancement of methodologies to characterize bacterial glycosylation. In general, mass spectrometry-based characterization has become the preferred methodology for the study of C. jejuni glycosylation because of its speed, sensitivity, and ability to enable both qualitative and quantitative assessments of glycosylation events. In these experiments the generation of insightful data requires the careful selection of experimental approaches and mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation. As such, it is essential to have a deep understanding of the technologies and approaches used for characterization of glycosylation events. Here we describe protocols for the initial characterization of C. jejuni glycoproteins using protein-/peptide-centric approaches and discuss considerations that can enhance the generation of insightful data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Doherty Institute, The University of Melbourne, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Schäffer C, Messner P. Emerging facets of prokaryotic glycosylation. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2016; 41:49-91. [PMID: 27566466 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuw036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of proteins is one of the most prevalent post-translational modifications occurring in nature, with a wide repertoire of biological implications. Pathways for the main types of this modification, the N- and O-glycosylation, can be found in all three domains of life-the Eukarya, Bacteria and Archaea-thereby following common principles, which are valid also for lipopolysaccharides, lipooligosaccharides and glycopolymers. Thus, studies on any glycoconjugate can unravel novel facets of the still incompletely understood fundamentals of protein N- and O-glycosylation. While it is estimated that more than two-thirds of all eukaryotic proteins would be glycosylated, no such estimate is available for prokaryotic glycoproteins, whose understanding is lagging behind, mainly due to the enormous variability of their glycan structures and variations in the underlying glycosylation processes. Combining glycan structural information with bioinformatic, genetic, biochemical and enzymatic data has opened up an avenue for in-depth analyses of glycosylation processes as a basis for glycoengineering endeavours. Here, the common themes of glycosylation are conceptualised for the major classes of prokaryotic (i.e. bacterial and archaeal) glycoconjugates, with a special focus on glycosylated cell-surface proteins. We describe the current knowledge of biosynthesis and importance of these glycoconjugates in selected pathogenic and beneficial microbes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute of Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, A-1180 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|