1
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Olejarz-Maciej A, Mogilski S, Karcz T, Werner T, Kamińska K, Kupczyk J, Honkisz-Orzechowska E, Latacz G, Stark H, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Łażewska D. Trisubstituted 1,3,5-Triazines as Histamine H 4 Receptor Antagonists with Promising Activity In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104199. [PMID: 37241939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a very unpleasant experience that makes life extremely uncomfortable. The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is a promising target for the treatment of inflammatory and immune diseases, as well as pain. H4R ligands have demonstrated analgesic effects in a variety of pain models, including inflammatory pain. Continuing the search for active H4R ligands among the alkyl derivatives of 1,3,5-triazine, we obtained 19 new compounds in two series: acyclic (I) and aliphatic (II). In vitro pharmacological evaluation showed their variable affinity for H4R. The majority of compounds showed a moderate affinity for this receptor (Ki > 100 nM), while all compounds tested in ß-arrestin and cAMP assays showed antagonistic activity. The most promising, compound 6, (4-(cyclopentylmethyl)-6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine; Ki = 63 nM) was selected for further in vitro evaluation: blood-brain barrier permeability (PAMPA assay; Pe = 12.26 × 10-6 cm/s) and toxicity tests (HepG2 and SH-5YSY cells; no toxicity up to 50 µM). Next, compound 6 tested in vivo in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory pain model showed anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects (strongest at 50 mg/kg i.p.). Furthermore, in a histamine- and chloroquine-induced pruritus model, compound 6 at a dose of 25 mg/kg i.p. and 50 mg/kg i.p., respectively, reduced the number of scratch bouts. Thus, compound 6 is a promising ligand for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Olejarz-Maciej
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szczepan Mogilski
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tobias Werner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kamińska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kupczyk
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Honkisz-Orzechowska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Dorota Łażewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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2
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Pfanzagl B, Pfragner R, Jensen-Jarolim E. Histamine via histamine H1 receptor enhances the muscarinic receptor-induced calcium response to acetylcholine in an enterochromaffin cell model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:1059-1071. [PMID: 35652717 PMCID: PMC9546423 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As a prerequisite for serotonin secretion, the P‐STS ileal enterochromaffin cell line responds to acetylcholine (ACh) stimulation with an increase in intracellular calcium mediated by the muscarinic ACh receptor M3 (M3R). Histamine increases intracellular calcium via histamine H1 receptor (H1R) in P‐STS cells and pre‐incubation with histamine specifically augments the response to ACh but not to epinephrine or nicotine. We aimed to elucidate whether histamine receptors are involved in this synergism. Astonishingly, HEK‐293 T cells—known to express M3R, but only a very low amount of histamine receptor messenger RNA—showed a similar enhancement of the calcium response to ACh by pre‐incubation with histamine. Despite the much lower level of H1R protein detected in HEK‐293 T cells as compared to P‐STS cells, in both cell lines pre‐treatment with H1R antagonists inhibited the synergism between histamine and ACh. No indication for an involvement of histamine H2 or H4 receptors in the synergism was found. Furthermore, pre‐incubation with the cAMP‐inducing compound forskolin had no influence on the intracellular calcium response to ACh. Serotonin secretion from P‐STS cells was increased after challenge with ACh and histamine added simultaneously compared to ACh alone, suggesting that histamine increases ACh‐induced serotonin secretion from enterochromaffin cells. In conclusion, our data suggest that histamine enhances the M3R‐mediated intracellular calcium response to ACh via activation of H1R. This probably increases serotonin secretion from enterochromaffin cells and thereby affects intestinal motility in histamine intolerance, food allergies and irritable bowel syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Pfanzagl
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Roswitha Pfragner
- Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the Univ. of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna and University Vienna, Austria
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3
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The Novel Pimavanserin Derivative ST-2300 with Histamine H3 Receptor Affinity Shows Reduced 5-HT2A Binding, but Maintains Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Properties in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050683. [PMID: 35625611 PMCID: PMC9138994 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapy of depression is challenging and still unsatisfactory despite the presence of many antidepressant drugs on the market. Consequently, there is a continuous need to search for new, safer, and more effective antidepressant therapeutics. Previous studies have suggested a potential association of brain histaminergic/serotoninergic signaling and antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects. Here, we evaluated the in vivo antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of the newly developed multiple-active ligand ST-2300. ST-2300 was developed from 5-HT2A/2C inverse agonist pimavanserin (PIM, ACP-103) and incorporates a histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonist pharmacophore. Despite its parent compound, ST-2300 showed only moderate serotonin 5-HT2A antagonist/inverse agonist affinity (Ki value of 1302 nM), but excellent H3R affinity (Ki value of 14 nM). In vivo effects were examined using forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and the open field test (OFT) in C57BL/6 mice. Unlike PIM, ST-2300 significantly increased the anxiolytic-like effects in OFT without altering general motor activity. In FST and TST, ST-2300 was able to reduce immobility time similar to fluoxetine (FLX), a recognized antidepressant drug. Importantly, pretreatment with the CNS-penetrant H3R agonist (R)-α-methylhistamine reversed the antidepressant-like effects of ST-2300 in FST and TST, but failed to reverse the ST-2300-provided anxiolytic effects in OFT. Present findings reveal critical structural features that are useful in a rational multiple-pharmacological approach to target H3R/5-HT2A/5-HT2C.
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4
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Biringer RG. Migraine signaling pathways: amino acid metabolites that regulate migraine and predispose migraineurs to headache. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2269-2296. [PMID: 35482233 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common, debilitating disorder for which attacks typically result in a throbbing, pulsating headache. Although much is known about migraine, its complexity renders understanding the complete etiology currently out of reach. However, two important facts are clear, the brain and the metabolism of the migraineur differ from that of the non-migraineur. This review centers on the altered amino acid metabolism in migraineurs and how it helps define the pathology of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Gregory Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
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5
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Qian H, Shu C, Xiao L, Wang G. Histamine and histamine receptors: Roles in major depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:825591. [PMID: 36213905 PMCID: PMC9537353 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.825591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) is high and its social impact is great, we still know very little about the pathophysiology of depression. The monoamine hypothesis of depression suggests that 5-HT, NE, and DA synergistically affect mood, which is the basis of current drug therapy for depression. However, histamine as a monoamine transmitter is rarely studied. Our review is the first time to illustrate the effect of histaminergic system on depression in order to find the way for the development of new antidepressant drugs. The brain neurotransmitter histamine is involved in MDD, and the brain histaminergic system operates through four receptors. Histamine and its receptors can also regulate the immune response to improve symptoms of depression. In addition, H3R can interact with other depression-related transmitters (including 5-HT, DA, GLU, and MCH); thus, histamine may participate in the occurrence of depression through other neural circuits. Notably, in rodent studies, several H3R and H1R antagonists were found to be safe and effective in alleviating depression-like behavior. To highlight the complex functions of histamine in depression, and reveals that histamine receptors can be used as new targets for antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qian
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Child Healthcare, Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaohua Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Höring C, Conrad M, Söldner CA, Wang J, Sticht H, Strasser A, Miao Y. Specific Engineered G Protein Coupling to Histamine Receptors Revealed from Cellular Assay Experiments and Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10047. [PMID: 34576210 PMCID: PMC8467750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of extracellular stimuli and hence occupy a key position in drug discovery. By specific and not yet fully elucidated coupling profiles with α subunits of distinct G protein families, they regulate cellular responses. The histamine H2 and H4 receptors (H2R and H4R) are prominent members of Gs- and Gi-coupled GPCRs. Nevertheless, promiscuous G protein and selective Gi signaling have been reported for the H2R and H4R, respectively, the molecular mechanism of which remained unclear. Using a combination of cellular experimental assays and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations, we investigated the coupling profiles of the H2R and H4R to engineered mini-G proteins (mG). We obtained coupling profiles of the mGs, mGsi, or mGsq proteins to the H2R and H4R from the mini-G protein recruitment assays using HEK293T cells. Compared to H2R-mGs expressing cells, histamine responses were weaker (pEC50, Emax) for H2R-mGsi and -mGsq. By contrast, the H4R selectively bound to mGsi. Similarly, in all-atom GaMD simulations, we observed a preferential binding of H2R to mGs and H4R to mGsi revealed by the structural flexibility and free energy landscapes of the complexes. Although the mG α5 helices were consistently located within the HR binding cavity, alternative binding orientations were detected in the complexes. Due to the specific residue interactions, all mG α5 helices of the H2R complexes adopted the Gs-like orientation toward the receptor transmembrane (TM) 6 domain, whereas in H4R complexes, only mGsi was in the Gi-like orientation toward TM2, which was in agreement with Gs- and Gi-coupled GPCRs structures resolved by X-ray/cryo-EM. These cellular and molecular insights support (patho)physiological profiles of the histamine receptors, especially the hitherto little studied H2R function in the brain, as well as of the pharmacological potential of H4R selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Höring
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian A Söldner
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jinan Wang
- Department of Computational Biology and Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Bioinformatik, Institut für Biochemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Department of Computational Biology and Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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7
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Tropmann K, Bresinsky M, Forster L, Mönnich D, Buschauer A, Wittmann HJ, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pockes S, Strasser A. Abolishing Dopamine D 2long/D 3 Receptor Affinity of Subtype-Selective Carbamoylguanidine-Type Histamine H 2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8684-8709. [PMID: 34110814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)propyl-substituted carbamoylguanidines are potent, subtype-selective histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists, but their applicability as pharmacological tools to elucidate the largely unknown H2R functions in the central nervous system (CNS) is compromised by their concomitant high affinity toward dopamine D2-like receptors (especially to the D3R). To improve the selectivity, a series of novel carbamoylguanidine-type ligands containing various heterocycles, spacers, and side residues were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested in binding and/or functional assays at H1-4 and D2long/3 receptors. This study revealed a couple of selective candidates (among others 31 and 47), and the most promising ones were screened at several off-target receptors, showing good selectivities. Docking studies suggest that the amino acid residues (3.28, 3.32, E2.49, E2.51, 5.42, and 7.35) are responsible for the different affinities at the H2- and D2long/3-receptors. These results provide a solid base for the exploration of the H2R functions in the brain in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Forster
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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8
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Höring C, Seibel U, Tropmann K, Grätz L, Mönnich D, Pitzl S, Bernhardt G, Pockes S, Strasser A. A Dynamic, Split-Luciferase-Based Mini-G Protein Sensor to Functionally Characterize Ligands at All Four Histamine Receptor Subtypes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228440. [PMID: 33182741 PMCID: PMC7698210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In drug discovery, assays with proximal readout are of great importance to study target-specific effects of potential drug candidates. In the field of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the determination of GPCR-G protein interactions and G protein activation by means of radiolabeled GTP analogs ([35S]GTPγS, [γ-32P]GTP) has widely been used for this purpose. Since we were repeatedly faced with insufficient quality of radiolabeled nucleotides, there was a requirement to implement a novel proximal functional assay for the routine characterization of putative histamine receptor ligands. We applied the split-NanoLuc to the four histamine receptor subtypes (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) and recently engineered minimal G (mini-G) proteins. Using this method, the functional response upon receptor activation was monitored in real-time and the four mini-G sensors were evaluated by investigating selected standard (inverse) agonists and antagonists. All potencies and efficacies of the studied ligands were in concordance with literature data. Further, we demonstrated a significant positive correlation of the signal amplitude and the mini-G protein expression level in the case of the H2R, but not for the H1R or the H3R. The pEC50 values of histamine obtained under different mini-G expression levels were consistent. Moreover, we obtained excellent dynamic ranges (Z’ factor) and the signal spans were improved for all receptor subtypes in comparison to the previously performed [35S]GTPγS binding assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Höring
- Correspondence: (C.H.); , (A.S.); Tel.: +49-941-943-4748 (C.H.); +49-941-943-4821 (A.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Strasser
- Correspondence: (C.H.); , (A.S.); Tel.: +49-941-943-4748 (C.H.); +49-941-943-4821 (A.S.)
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9
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Bartole E, Littmann T, Tanaka M, Ozawa T, Buschauer A, Bernhardt G. [ 3H]UR-DEBa176: A 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine-Type Radioligand Enabling Binding Studies at the Human, Mouse, and Rat Histamine H 4 Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:8338-8356. [PMID: 31469288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Differences in sequence homology between human (h), mouse (m), and rat (r) histamine H4 receptors (H4R) cause discrepancies regarding affinities, potencies, and/or efficacies of ligands and therefore compromise translational animal models and the applicability of radioligands. Aiming at a radioligand enabling robust and comparative binding studies at the h/m/rH4Rs, 2,4-diaminopyrimidines were synthesized and pharmacologically investigated. The most notable compounds identified were two (partial) agonists with comparable potencies at the h/m/rH4Rs: UR-DEBa148 (N-neopentyl-4-(1,4,6,7-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate), 43), the most potent [pEC50 (reporter gene assay) = 9.9/9.6/10.3] compound in the series being slightly G-protein biased and UR-DEBa176 [(R)-4-[3-(dimethylamino)pyrrolidin-1-yl]-N-neopentylpyrimidin-2-amine bis(2,2,2-trifluoroacetate), 46, pEC50 (reporter gene assay) = 8.7/9.0/9.2], a potential "cold" form of a tritiated H4R ligand. After radiolabeling, binding studies with [3H]UR-DEBa176 ([3H]46) at the h/m/rH4Rs revealed comparable Kd values (41/17/22 nM), low nonspecific binding (11-17%, ∼Kd), and fast associations/dissociations (25-30 min) and disclosed [3H]UR-DEBa176 as useful molecular tool to determine h/m/rH4R binding affinities for H4R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Bartole
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Timo Littmann
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Miho Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku , Hongo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Takeaki Ozawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science , University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku , Hongo , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy , University of Regensburg , D-93053 Regensburg , Germany
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10
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Pockes S, Wifling D, Keller M, Buschauer A, Elz S. Highly Potent, Stable, and Selective Dimeric Hetarylpropylguanidine-Type Histamine H 2 Receptor Agonists. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:2865-2882. [PMID: 30221224 PMCID: PMC6130797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On the basis of the long-known prototypic pharmacophore 3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)propylguanidine (SK&F 91486, 2), monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric bisalkylguanidine-type histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists with various alkyl spacers were synthesized. Aiming at increased H2R selectivity of the ligands, the imidazol-4-yl moiety was replaced by imidazol-1-yl, 2-aminothiazol-5-yl or 2-amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl according to a bioisosteric approach. All compounds turned out to be partial or full agonists at the h/gp/rH2R. The most potent analogue, the thiazole-type heterodimeric ligand 63 (UR-Po461), was a partial agonist (Emax = 88%) and 250 times more potent than histamine (pEC50: 8.56 vs 6.16, gpH2R, atrium). The homodimeric structures 56 (UR-Po395) and 58 (UR-Po448) exhibited the highest hH2R affinities (pKi: 7.47, 7.33) in binding studies. Dimeric amino(methyl)thiazole derivatives, such as 58, generated an increased hH2R selectivity compared to the monomeric analogues, e.g., 139 (UR-Po444). Although monomeric ligands showed up lower affinities and potencies at the H2R, compounds with a short alkylic side chain like 129 (UR-Po194) proved to be highly affine hH4R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Max Keller
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Cai WK, Zhang JB, Chen JH, Meng JR, Ma X, Zhang J, Zhou YL, Xu GL, He GH. The HRH4 rs11662595 mutation is associated with histamine H 4 receptor dysfunction and with increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition progress in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2954-2963. [PMID: 28847511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that histamine H4 receptor (HRH4) played important roles to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Furthermore, recent investigations suggested that genetic variations in HRH4 gene affected HRH4 function and eventually contributed to certain HRH4-related diseases. However, the relations between polymorphisms in HRH4 gene and NSCLC as well as their underlying mechanisms remain largely uninvestigated. This study aims to investigate the genetic effect of a nonsynonymous HRH4 polymorphism (rs11662595) on HRH4 function and its association with NSCLC both basically and clinically. For basic experiments, A549 cells were transfected with either wild type or rs11662595 mutated HRH4 clone and subjected to both in vitro and in vivo experiments. We showed that rs11662595 significantly decreased the ability of HRH4 to activate Gi protein, which resulted in facilitation of EMT progress, cell proliferation, and invasion behavior in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experiments also showed that rs11662595 attenuated the anti-EMT effects of HRH4 agonist in inoculated nu/nu mice. For clinical experiments, we performed a prospective cohort study among 624 NSCLC patients and further proved that rs11662595 was responsible for the prognosis, degree of malignancy and metastasis of NSCLC. In conclusion, these findings reveal that rs11662595 is a loss-of-function polymorphism that results in dysfunction of HRH4 and attenuates the anti-EMT function of HRH4 in NSCLC, which provides a promising biomarker for prognosis and therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ke Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China; Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Jia-Bin Zhang
- Surgery Center, Beijing, 302 Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ji-Hui Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xin-hua Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jing-Ru Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xue Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Ya-Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China
| | - Gui-Li Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China.
| | - Gong-Hao He
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming General Hospital of PLA, Kunming 650032, China.
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12
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Hattori Y, Seifert R. Pharmacological Characterization of Human Histamine Receptors and Histamine Receptor Mutants in the Sf9 Cell Expression System. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:63-118. [PMID: 28233175 PMCID: PMC7120522 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A large problem of histamine receptor research is data heterogeneity. Various experimental approaches, the complex signaling pathways of mammalian cells, and the use of different species orthologues render it difficult to compare and interpret the published results. Thus, the four human histamine receptor subtypes were analyzed side-by-side in the Sf9 insect cell expression system, using radioligand binding assays as well as functional readouts proximal to the receptor activation event (steady-state GTPase assays and [35S]GTPγS assays). The human H1R was co-expressed with the regulators of G protein signaling RGS4 or GAIP, which unmasked a productive interaction between hH1R and insect cell Gαq. By contrast, functional expression of the hH2R required the generation of an hH2R-Gsα fusion protein to ensure close proximity of G protein and receptor. Fusion of hH2R to the long (GsαL) or short (GsαS) splice variant of Gαs resulted in comparable constitutive hH2R activity, although both G protein variants show different GDP affinities. Medicinal chemistry studies revealed profound species differences between hH1R/hH2R and their guinea pig orthologues gpH1R/gpH2R. The causes for these differences were analyzed by molecular modeling in combination with mutational studies. Co-expression of the hH3R with Gαi1, Gαi2, Gαi3, and Gαi/o in Sf9 cells revealed high constitutive activity and comparable interaction efficiency with all G protein isoforms. A comparison of various cations (Li+, Na+, K+) and anions (Cl-, Br-, I-) revealed that anions with large radii most efficiently stabilize the inactive hH3R state. Potential sodium binding sites in the hH3R protein were analyzed by expressing specific hH3R mutants in Sf9 cells. In contrast to the hH3R, the hH4R preferentially couples to co-expressed Gαi2 in Sf9 cells. Its high constitutive activity is resistant to NaCl or GTPγS. The hH4R shows structural instability and adopts a G protein-independent high-affinity state. A detailed characterization of affinity and activity of a series of hH4R antagonists/inverse agonists allowed first conclusions about structure/activity relationships for inverse agonists at hH4R. In summary, the Sf9 cell system permitted a successful side-by-side comparison of all four human histamine receptor subtypes. This chapter summarizes the results of pharmacological as well as medicinal chemistry/molecular modeling approaches and demonstrates that these data are not only important for a deeper understanding of HxR pharmacology, but also have significant implications for the molecular pharmacology of GPCRs in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Strasser A, Wittmann HJ. Molecular Modelling Approaches for the Analysis of Histamine Receptors and Their Interaction with Ligands. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2017; 241:31-61. [PMID: 28110354 DOI: 10.1007/164_2016_113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Several experimental techniques to analyse histamine receptors are available, e.g. pharmacological characterisation of known or new compounds by different types of assays or mutagenesis studies. To obtain insights into the histamine receptors on a molecular and structural level, crystal structures have to be determined and molecular modelling studies have to be performed. It is widely accepted to generate homology models of the receptor of interest based on an appropriate crystal structure as a template and to refine the resulting models by molecular dynamic simulations. A lot of modelling techniques, e.g. docking, QSAR or interaction fingerprint methods, are used to predict binding modes of ligands and pharmacological data, e.g. affinity or even efficacy. However, within the last years, molecular dynamic simulations got more and more important: First of all, molecular dynamic simulations are very helpful to refine the binding mode of a ligand to a histamine receptor, obtained by docking studies. Furthermore, with increasing computational performance it got possible to simulate complete binding pathways of ions or ligands from the aqueous extracellular phase into the allosteric or orthosteric binding pocket of histamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitäts-Str. 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitäts-Str. 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
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14
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Naporra F, Gobleder S, Wittmann HJ, Spindler J, Bodensteiner M, Bernhardt G, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Elz S, Strasser A. Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and dibenzo[b,e]oxepines: Influence of the chlorine substitution pattern on the pharmacology at the H 1R, H 4R, 5-HT 2AR and other selected GPCRs. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:610-625. [PMID: 27697645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by VUF6884 (7-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine), reported as a dual H1/H4 receptor ligand (pKi: 8.11 (human H1R (hH1R)), 7.55 (human H4R (hH4R))), four known and 28 new oxazepine and related oxepine derivatives were synthesised and pharmacologically characterized at histamine receptors and selected aminergic GPCRs. In contrast to the oxazepine series, within the oxepine series, the new compounds showed high affinity to the hH1R (pKi: 6.8-8.7), but no or moderate affinity to the hH4R (pKi:≤5.3). For one oxepine derivative (1-(2-Chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine), the enantiomers were separated and the R-enantiomer was identified as the eutomer at the hH1R (pKi: 8.83 (R), 7.63 (S)) and the guinea-pig H1R (gpH1R) (pKi: 8.82 (R), 7.41 (S)). Molecular dynamic studies suggest that the tricyclic core of the compounds is bound in a similar mode into the binding pocket, as described for doxepine in the hH1R crystal structure. Moreover, docking studies of all oxepine derivatives at the hH1R indicate that the oxygen and the position of the chlorine in the tricyclic core determines, if the R- or the S-enantiomer is the eutomer. For some of the oxazepines and oxepines the affinity to other aminergic GPCRs is in the same range as to hH1R or hH4R, thus, those compounds have to be classified as dirty drugs. However, one oxazepine derivative (3,7-Dichloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine was identified as dual hH1/h5-HT2A receptor ligand (pKi: 9.23 (hH1R), 8.74 (h5-HT2AR), ≤7 at other analysed GPCRs), whereas one oxepine derivative (1-(3,8-Dichloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine) was identified as selective hH1R antagonist (pKi: 8.44 (hH1R), ≤6.7 at other analyzed GPCRs). Thus, the pharmacological results suggest that the oxazepine/oxepine moiety and additionally the chlorine substitution pattern toggles receptor selectivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Naporra
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Gobleder
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Spindler
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry I, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Schneider EH, Seifert R. The histamine H4-receptor and the central and peripheral nervous system: A critical analysis of the literature. Neuropharmacology 2016; 106:116-28. [PMID: 25986697 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Expression and function of histamine H4R in central and peripheral nervous system have been a matter of controversy for more than a decade. The scientific discussion is often limited to a few publications postulating the presence of functional H4R on neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system, but the even larger number of reports showing negative data is often neglected. In this article, we critically review the existing literature on H4R in central and peripheral nervous system and discuss the weak points often overlooked by the community. We identified as most important problems (i) insufficient validation or quality of antibodies, (ii) missing knockout controls, (iii) uncritical interpretation of RT-PCR results instead of qPCR experiments, (iv) insufficient controls to confirm specificity of pharmacological tools, (v) uncritical reliance on results produced by a single method and (vi) uncritical reliance on results not reproduced by independent research groups. Additionally, there may be a publication as well as a citation bias favoring the awareness of positive results, but neglecting negative data. We conclude that H4R expression on neurons of the brain is not convincingly supported by the current literature, at least as long as the positive data are not reproduced by independent research groups. Expression and function of H4R on peripheral neurons or non-neuronal cells of the nervous system, specifically on microglia is an interesting alternative hypothesis that, however, requires further verification. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Histamine Receptors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich H Schneider
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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16
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Geyer R, Nordemann U, Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A. Conformational Restriction and Enantioseparation Increase Potency and Selectivity of Cyanoguanidine-Type Histamine H4 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2016; 59:3452-70. [PMID: 27007611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine (UR-PI376, 1) is a potent and selective agonist of the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R). To gain information on the active conformation, we synthesized analogues of 1 with a cyclopentane-1,3-diyl linker. Affinities and functional activities were determined at recombinant hHxR (x: 1-4) subtypes on Sf9 cell membranes (radioligand binding, [(35)S]GTPγS, or GTPase assays) and in part in luciferase assays on human or mouse H4R (HEK-293 cells). The most potent H4R agonists among 14 racemates were separated by chiral HPLC, yielding eight enantiomerically pure compounds. Configurations were assigned based on X-ray structures of intermediates and a stereocontrolled synthetic pathway. (+)-2-Cyano-1-{[trans-(1S,3S)-3-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)cyclopentyl]methyl}-3-[2-(phenylsulfanyl)ethyl]guanidine ((1S,3S)-UR-RG98, 39a) was the most potent H4R agonist in this series (EC50 11 nM; H4R vs H3R, >100-fold selectivity; H1R, H2R, negligible activities), whereas the optical antipode proved to be an H4R antagonist ([(35)S]GTPγS assay). MD simulations confirmed differential stabilization of the active and inactive H4R state by the enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Nordemann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg , Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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17
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Panula P, Chazot PL, Cowart M, Gutzmer R, Leurs R, Liu WLS, Stark H, Thurmond RL, Haas HL. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVIII. Histamine Receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:601-55. [PMID: 26084539 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine is a developmentally highly conserved autacoid found in most vertebrate tissues. Its physiological functions are mediated by four 7-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (H1R, H2R, H3R, H4R) that are all targets of pharmacological intervention. The receptors display molecular heterogeneity and constitutive activity. H1R antagonists are long known antiallergic and sedating drugs, whereas the H2R was identified in the 1970s and led to the development of H2R-antagonists that revolutionized stomach ulcer treatment. The crystal structure of ligand-bound H1R has rendered it possible to design new ligands with novel properties. The H3R is an autoreceptor and heteroreceptor providing negative feedback on histaminergic and inhibition on other neurons. A block of these actions promotes waking. The H4R occurs on immuncompetent cells and the development of anti-inflammatory drugs is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Paul L Chazot
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Marlon Cowart
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Rob Leurs
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Wai L S Liu
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Holger Stark
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Robin L Thurmond
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
| | - Helmut L Haas
- Department of Anatomy, and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Finland (P.P.); School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Durham, United Kingdom (P.L.C.); AbbVie, Inc. North Chicago, Illinois (M.C.); Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.G.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecules, Medicines and Systems, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands (R.L.); Ziarco Pharma Limited, Canterbury, United Kingdom (W.L.S.L.); Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medical Chemistry and Institute of Neurophysiology, Medical Faculty, Westfalische-Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany (H.L.H.); Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, Germany (H.S.); and Janssen Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California (R.L.T.)
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Rosethorne EM, Bradley ME, Gherbi K, Sykes DA, Sattikar A, Wright JD, Renard E, Trifilieff A, Fairhurst RA, Charlton SJ. Long Receptor Residence Time of C26 Contributes to Super Agonist Activity at the Human β2 Adrenoceptor. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:467-75. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.101253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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19
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Mocking TAM, Bosma R, Rahman SN, Verweij EWE, McNaught-Flores DA, Vischer HF, Leurs R. Molecular Aspects of Histamine Receptors. HISTAMINE RECEPTORS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-40308-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Wifling D, Löffel K, Nordemann U, Strasser A, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Molecular determinants for the high constitutive activity of the human histamine H4 receptor: functional studies on orthologues and mutants. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:785-98. [PMID: 24903527 PMCID: PMC4301689 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some histamine H4 receptor ligands act as inverse agonists at the human H4 receptor (hH4 R), a receptor with exceptionally high constitutive activity, but as neutral antagonists or partial agonists at the constitutively inactive mouse H4 receptor (mH4 R) and rat H4 receptor (rH4 R). To study molecular determinants of constitutive activity, H4 receptor reciprocal mutants were constructed: single mutants: hH4 R-F169V, mH4 R-V171F, hH4 R-S179A, hH4 R-S179M; double mutants: hH4 R-F169V+S179A, hH4 R-F169V+S179M and mH4 R-V171F+M181S. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Site-directed mutagenesis with pVL1392 plasmids containing hH4 or mH4 receptors were performed. Wild-type or mutant receptors were co-expressed with Gαi2 and Gβ1 γ2 in Sf9 cells. Membranes were studied in saturation and competition binding assays ([(3) H]-histamine), and in functional [(35) S]-GTPγS assays with inverse, partial and full agonists of the hH4 receptor. KEY RESULTS Constitutive activity decreased from the hH4 receptor via the hH4 R-F169V mutant to the hH4 R-F169V+S179A and hH4 R-F169V+S179M double mutants. F169 alone or in concert with S179 plays a major role in stabilizing a ligand-free active state of the hH4 receptor. Partial inverse hH4 receptor agonists like JNJ7777120 behaved as neutral antagonists or partial agonists at species orthologues with lower or no constitutive activity. Some partial and full hH4 receptor agonists showed decreased maximal effects and potencies at hH4 R-F169V and double mutants. However, the mutation of S179 in the hH4 receptor to M as in mH4 receptor or A as in rH4 receptor did not significantly reduce constitutive activity. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS F169 and S179 are key amino acids for the high constitutive activity of hH4 receptors and may also be of relevance for other constitutively active GPCRs. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Histamine Pharmacology Update published in volume 170 issue 1. To view the other articles in this issue visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.2013.170.issue-1/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Wifling D, Bernhardt G, Dove S, Buschauer A. The extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) of the human histamine H4 receptor substantially contributes to ligand binding and constitutive activity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117185. [PMID: 25629160 PMCID: PMC4309601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the corresponding mouse and rat orthologs, the human histamine H4 receptor (hH4R) shows extraordinarily high constitutive activity. In the extracellular loop (ECL), replacement of F169 by V as in the mouse H4R significantly reduced constitutive activity. Stabilization of the inactive state was even more pronounced for a double mutant, in which, in addition to F169V, S179 in the ligand binding site was replaced by M. To study the role of the FF motif in ECL2, we generated the hH4R-F168A mutant. The receptor was co-expressed in Sf9 insect cells with the G-protein subunits Gαi2 and Gβ1γ2, and the membranes were studied in [3H]histamine binding and functional [35S]GTPγS assays. The potency of various ligands at the hH4R-F168A mutant decreased compared to the wild-type hH4R, for example by 30- and more than 100-fold in case of the H4R agonist UR-PI376 and histamine, respectively. The high constitutive activity of the hH4R was completely lost in the hH4R-F168A mutant, as reflected by neutral antagonism of thioperamide, a full inverse agonist at the wild-type hH4R. By analogy, JNJ7777120 was a partial inverse agonist at the hH4R, but a partial agonist at the hH4R-F168A mutant, again demonstrating the decrease in constitutive activity due to F168A mutation. Thus, F168 was proven to play a key role not only in ligand binding and potency, but also in the high constitutive activity of the hH4R.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wifling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Günther Bernhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Modulation of GPCRs by monovalent cations and anions. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2014; 388:363-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-014-1073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Corrêa MF, dos Santos Fernandes JP. Histamine H4 receptor ligands: future applications and state of art. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:461-80. [PMID: 25228262 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is a chemical transmitter found practically in whole organism and exerts its effects through the interaction with H1 to H4 histaminergic receptors. Specifically, H4 receptors are found mainly in immune cells and blood-forming tissues, thus are involved in inflammatory and immune processes, as well as some actions in central nervous system. Therefore, H4 receptor ligands can have applications in the treatment of chronic inflammatory and immune diseases and may be novel therapeutic option in these conditions. Several H4 receptor ligands have been described from early 2000's until nowadays, being imidazole, indolecarboxamide, 2-aminopyrimidine, quinazoline, and quinoxaline scaffolds the most explored and discussed in this review. Moreover, several studies of molecular modeling using homology models of H4 receptor and QSAR data of the ligands are summarized. The increasing and promising therapeutic applications are leading these compounds to clinical trials, which probably will be part of the next generation of blockbuster drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fidelis Corrêa
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, UNIFESP, Diadema, Brazil
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Salem A, Al-Samadi A, Stegajev V, Stark H, Häyrinen-Immonen R, Ainola M, Hietanen J, Konttinen YT. Histamine H4 receptor in oral lichen planus. Oral Dis 2014; 21:378-85. [PMID: 25207698 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a band-like T-cell infiltrate below the apoptotic epithelial cells and degenerated basement membrane. We tested the hypothesis that the high-affinity histamine H4 receptors (H4 Rs) are downregulated in OLP by high histamine concentrations and proinflammatory T-cell cytokines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, image analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction of tissue samples and cytokine-stimulated cultured SCC-25 and primary human oral keratinocytes. RESULTS H4 R immunoreactivity was weak in OLP and characterized by mast cell (MC) hyperplasia and degranulation. In contrast to controls, H4 R immunostaining and MC counts were negatively correlated in OLP (P = 0.003). H4 R agonist at nanomolar levels led to a rapid internalization of H4 Rs, whereas high histamine concentration and interferon-γ decreased HRH4 -gene transcripts. CONCLUSION Healthy oral epithelial cells are equipped with H4 R, which displays a uniform staining pattern in a MC-independent fashion. In contrast, in OLP, increased numbers of activated MCs associate with increasing loss of epithelial H4 R. Cell culture experiments suggest a rapid H4 R stimulation-dependent receptor internalization and a slow cytokine-driven decrease in H4 R synthesis. H4 R may be involved in the maintenance of healthy oral mucosa. In OLP, this maintenance might be impaired by MC degranulation and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salem
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Oral Pathology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Werner K, Neumann D, Buschauer A, Seifert R. No evidence for histamine H4 receptor in human monocytes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:519-26. [PMID: 25273276 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) is a classic pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein-coupled receptor that mediates increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)]i). The presence of H4R in human eosinophils has been rigorously documented by several independent groups. It has also been suggested that H4R is expressed in human monocytes, but this suggestion hinges in part on H4R antibodies with questionable specificity. This situation prompted us to reinvestigate H4R expression in human monocytes. As positive control, we studied human embryonic kidney 293T cells stably expressing the human H4R (hH4R). In these cells, histamine (HA) and the H4R agonist UR-PI376 (2-cyano-1-[4-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)butyl]-3-[(2-phenylthio)ethyl]guanidine) induced pertussis toxin-sensitive [Ca(2+)]i increases. However, in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies we failed to detect hH4R mRNA in human monocytes and U937 promonocytes. In human monocytes, ATP and N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine increased [Ca(2+)]i, but HA, UR-PI376, and 5-methylhistamine (a dual H4R/H2 receptor agonist) did not. In U937 promonocytes and differentiated U937 cells, HA increased [Ca(2+)]i, but this increase was mediated via HA H1 receptor. In conclusion, there is no evidence for the presence of H4R in human monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Detlef Neumann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (K.W., D.N., R.S.); and Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (A.B.)
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Distinct signalling pathways of murine histamine H1- and H4-receptors expressed at comparable levels in HEK293 cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107481. [PMID: 25243776 PMCID: PMC4171377 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histamine (HA) is recognized by its target cells via four G-protein-coupled receptors, referred to as histamine H1-receptor (H1R), H2R, H3R, and H4R. Both H1R and H4R exert pro-inflammatory functions. However, their signal transduction pathways have never been analyzed in a directly comparable manner side by side. Moreover, the analysis of pharmacological properties of the murine orthologs, representing the main targets of pre-clinical research, is very important. Therefore, we engineered recombinant HEK293 cells expressing either mouse (m)H1R or mH4R at similar levels and analyzed HA-induced signalling in these cells. HA induced intracellular calcium mobilization via both mH1R and mH4R, with the mH1R being much more effective. Whereas cAMP accumulation was potentiated via the mH1R, it was reduced via the mH4R. The regulation of both second messengers via the H4R, but not the H1R, was sensitive to pertussis toxin (PTX). The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) ERK 1/2 were massively activated downstream of both receptors and demonstrated a functional involvement in HA-induced EGR-1 gene expression. The p38 MAPK was moderately activated via both receptors as well, but was functionally involved in HA-induced EGR-1 gene expression only in H4R-expressing cells. Surprisingly, in this system p38 MAPK activity reduced the HA-induced gene expression. In summary, using this system which allows a direct comparison of mH1R- and mH4R-induced signalling, qualitative and quantitative differences on the levels of second messenger generation and also in terms of p38 MAPK function became evident.
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Sadek B, Schreeb A, Schwed JS, Weizel L, Stark H. Drug-likeness approach of 2-aminopyrimidines as histamine H3 receptor ligands. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1499-513. [PMID: 25278747 PMCID: PMC4179762 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s66179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A small series of compounds containing derivatives of 2,4-diamino- and 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (compounds 2–7) was synthesized and tested for binding affinity to human histamine H3 receptors (hH3Rs) stably expressed in HEK-293 cells and human H4Rs (hH4Rs) co-expressed with Gαi2 and Gβ1γ2 subunits in Sf9 cells. Working in part from the lead compound 6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-N4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (compound 1) with unsatisfactory affinity and selectivity to hH3Rs, our structure-activity relationship studies revealed that replacement of 4-methylpiperazino by N-benzylamine and substitution of an amine group at the 2-position of the 2-aminopyrimidine core structure with 3-piperidinopropoxyphenyl moiety as an hH3R pharmacophore resulted in N4-benzyl-N2-(4-(3-(piperidin-1-yl)propoxy)phenyl)pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (compound 5) with high hH3R affinity (ki =4.49±1.25 nM) and H3R receptor subtype selectivity of more than 6,500×. Moreover, initial metric analyses were conducted based on their target-oriented drug-likeness for predictively quantifying lipophilicity, ligand efficiency, lipophilicity-dependent ligand efficiency, molecular size-independent efficiency, and topological molecular polar surface. As to the development of potential H3R ligands, results showed that integration of the hH3R pharmacophore in hH4R-affine structural scaffolds resulted in compounds with high hH3R affinity (4.5–650 nM), moderate to low hH4R affinity (4,500–30,000 nM), receptor subtype selectivity (ratio hH4R/hH3R; 8–6,500), and promising calculated drug-likeness properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Annemarie Schreeb
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan Schwed
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany ; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Lipani L, Odadzic D, Weizel L, Schwed JS, Sadek B, Stark H. Studies on molecular properties prediction and histamine H3 receptor affinities of novel ligands with uracil-based motifs. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:578-88. [PMID: 25218907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H3 receptor (H3R) plays a role in cognitive and memory processes and is involved in different neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and narcolepsy. Therefore, several hH3R antagonists/inverse agonists entered clinical phases for a broad spectrum of mainly centrally occurring diseases. However, many other promising candidates failed due to their pharmacokinetic profile, mostly because of their strong lipophilicity accompanied with low solubility. Analysis of previous potential H3R selective antagonists/inverse agonists, e.g. pitolisant, revealed promising results concerning physicochemical properties and drug-likeness. Herein, a series of new hH3R ligands 8-20 consisting of piperidin-1-yl or piperidin-1-yl-propoxyphenyl coupled to different uracil, thymine, and 5,6-dimethyluracil related moieties, were synthesized, evaluated on their binding properties at the hH3R and the estimation of different physicochemical and drug-likeness properties. Due to the coupling to various positions at pyrimidine-2,4-(1H,3H)-dione, affinity at hH3Rs and drug-likeness parameters have been improved. For instance, compound 9 showed in addition to high affinity at the hH3R (pKi (hH3R) = 8.14) clog S, clog P, LE, LipE, and drug-likeness score values of -4.36, 3.47, 0.34, 4.63, and 1.54, respectively. Also, the methyl substituted analog 17 (pKi (hH3R) = 8.15) revealed LE, LipE and drug-likeness score values of -3.29, 2.47, 0.49, 5.52, and 1.76, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Lipani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy; Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dalibor Odadzic
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lilia Weizel
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes-Stephan Schwed
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Holger Stark
- Biocenter, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann-Wolfgang Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany; Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Seifert R. Therapeutic Efficacy of a H4 Receptor Antagonist in Humans: A Milestone in Histamine Research. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 350:2-4. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.215749comm] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wittmann HJ, Seifert R, Strasser A. Mathematical analysis of the sodium sensitivity of the human histamine H3 receptor. In Silico Pharmacol 2014; 2:1. [PMID: 27502620 PMCID: PMC4644138 DOI: 10.1186/s40203-014-0001-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose It was shown by several experimental studies that some G protein coupled receptors (GPCR) are sensitive to sodium ions. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies or the determination of crystal structures of the adenosine A2A or δ-opioid receptor revealed an allosteric Na+ binding pocket near to the highly conserved Asp2.50. Within a previous study, the influence of NaCl concentration onto the steady-state GTPase activity at the human histamine H3 receptor (hH3R) in presence of the endogenous histamine or the inverse agonist thioperamide was analyzed. The purpose of the present study was to examine and quantify the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R on a molecular level. Methods To achieve this, we developed a set of equations, describing constitutive activity and the different ligand-receptor equilibria in absence or presence of sodium ions. Furthermore, in order to gain a better understanding of the ligand- and Na+-binding to hH3R on molecular level, we performed molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Results The analysis of the previously determined experimental steady-state GTPase data with the set of equations presented within this study, reveals that thioperamide binds into the orthosteric binding pocket of the hH3R in absence or presence of a Na+ in its allosteric binding site. However, the data suggest that thioperamide binds preferentially into the hH3R in absence of a sodium ion in its allosteric site. These experimental results were supported by MD simulations of thioperamide in the binding pocket of the inactive hH3R. Furthermore, the MD simulations revealed two different binding modes for thioperamide in presence or absence of a Na+ in its allosteric site. Conclusion The mathematical model presented within this study describes the experimental data regarding the Na+-sensitivity of hH3R in an excellent manner. Although the present study is focused onto the Na+-sensitivity of the hH3R, the resulting equations, describing Na+- and ligand-binding to a GPCR, can be used for all other ion-sensitive GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, Regensburg, 93040, Germany.
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Harusawa S, Sawada K, Magata T, Yoneyama H, Araki L, Usami Y, Hatano K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto D, Yamatodani A. Synthesis and evaluation of N-alkyl-S-[3-(piperidin-1-yl)propyl]isothioureas: High affinity and human/rat species-selective histamine H3 receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6415-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wagner E, Wittmann HJ, Elz S, Strasser A. Pharmacological profile of astemizole-derived compounds at the histamine H1 and H4 receptor—H1/H4 receptor selectivity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 387:235-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Neumann D, Schneider EH, Seifert R. Analysis of Histamine Receptor Knockout Mice in Models of Inflammation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 348:2-11. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Gilliland CT, Salanga CL, Kawamura T, Trejo J, Handel TM. The chemokine receptor CCR1 is constitutively active, which leads to G protein-independent, β-arrestin-mediated internalization. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32194-32210. [PMID: 24056371 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.503797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of G protein-coupled receptors by their associated ligands has been extensively studied, and increasing structural information about the molecular mechanisms underlying ligand-dependent receptor activation is beginning to emerge with the recent expansion in GPCR crystal structures. However, some GPCRs are also able to adopt active conformations in the absence of agonist binding that result in the initiation of signal transduction and receptor down-modulation. In this report, we show that the CC-type chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) exhibits significant constitutive activity leading to a variety of cellular responses. CCR1 expression is sufficient to induce inhibition of cAMP formation, increased F-actin content, and basal migration of human and murine leukocytes. The constitutive activity leads to basal phosphorylation of the receptor, recruitment of β-arrestin-2, and subsequent receptor internalization. CCR1 concurrently engages Gαi and β-arrestin-2 in a multiprotein complex, which may be accommodated by homo-oligomerization or receptor clustering. The data suggest the presence of two functional states for CCR1; whereas receptor coupled to Gαi functions as a canonical GPCR, albeit with high constitutive activity, the CCR1·β-arrestin-2 complex is required for G protein-independent constitutive receptor internalization. The pertussis toxin-insensitive uptake of chemokine by the receptor suggests that the CCR1·β-arrestin-2 complex may be related to a potential scavenging function of the receptor, which may be important for maintenance of chemokine gradients and receptor responsiveness in complex fields of chemokines during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - JoAnn Trejo
- the Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Tracy M Handel
- From the Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
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Nordemann U, Wifling D, Schnell D, Bernhardt G, Stark H, Seifert R, Buschauer A. Luciferase reporter gene assay on human, murine and rat histamine H4 receptor orthologs: correlations and discrepancies between distal and proximal readouts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73961. [PMID: 24023919 PMCID: PMC3759464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the (patho)physiological role of the histamine H4 receptor (H4R) and its validation as a possible drug target in translational animal models are compromised by distinct species-dependent discrepancies regarding potencies and receptor subtype selectivities of the pharmacological tools. Such differences were extremely pronounced in case of proximal readouts, e. g. [(32)P]GTPase or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays. To improve the predictability of in vitro investigations, the aim of this study was to establish a reporter gene assay for human, murine and rat H4Rs, using bioluminescence as a more distal readout. For this purpose a cAMP responsive element (CRE) controlled luciferase reporter gene assay was established in HEK293T cells, stably expressing the human (h), the mouse (m) or the rat (r) H4R. The potencies and efficacies of 23 selected ligands (agonists, inverse agonists and antagonists) were determined and compared with the results obtained from proximal readouts. The potencies of the examined ligands at the human H4R were consistent with reported data from [(32)P]GTPase or [(35)S]GTPγS binding assays, despite a tendency toward increased intrinsic efficacies of partial agonists. The differences in potencies of individual agonists at the three H4R orthologs were generally less pronounced compared to more proximal readouts. In conclusion, the established reporter gene assay is highly sensitive and reliable. Regarding discrepancies compared to data from functional assays such as [(32)P]GTPase and [(35)S]GTPγS binding, the readout may reflect multifactorial causes downstream from G-protein activation, e.g. activation/amplification of or cross-talk between different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Nordemann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Knospe M, Müller CE, Rosa P, Abdelrahman A, von Kügelgen I, Thimm D, Schiedel AC. The rat adenine receptor: pharmacological characterization and mutagenesis studies to investigate its putative ligand binding site. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:367-81. [PMID: 23413038 PMCID: PMC3757150 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat adenine receptor (rAdeR) was the first member of a family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activated by adenine and designated as P0-purine receptors. The present study aimed at gaining insights into structural aspects of ligand binding and function of the rAdeR. We exchanged amino acid residues predicted to be involved in ligand binding (Phe110(3.24), Asn115(3.29), Asn173(4.60), Phe179(45.39), Asn194(5.40), Phe195(5.41), Leu201(5.47), His252(6.54), and Tyr268(7.32)) for alanine and expressed them in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. Membrane preparations subjected to [(3)H]adenine binding studies revealed only minor effects indicating that none of the exchanged amino acids is part of the ligand binding pocket, at least in the inactive state of the receptor. Furthermore, we coexpressed the rAdeR and its mutants with mammalian Gi proteins in Sf9 insect cells to probe receptor activation. Two amino acid residues, Asn194(5.40) and Leu201(5.47), were found to be crucial for activation since their alanine mutants did not respond to adenine. Moreover we showed that-in contrast to most other rhodopsin-like GPCRs-the rAdeR does not contain essential disulfide bonds since preincubation with dithiothreitol neither altered adenine binding in Sf9 cell membranes, nor adenine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase in 1321N1 astrocytoma cells transfected with the rAdeR. To detect rAdeRs by Western blot analysis, we developed a specific antibody. Finally, we were able to show that the extended N-terminal sequence of the rAdeR constitutes a putative signal peptide of unknown function that is cleaved off in the mature receptor. Our results provide important insights into this new, poorly investigated family of purinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Knospe
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Patrizia Rosa
- />CNR—Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Aliaa Abdelrahman
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivar von Kügelgen
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Department of Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Dominik Thimm
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- />PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Seifert R. Functional selectivity of G-protein-coupled receptors: from recombinant systems to native human cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:853-61. [PMID: 23933388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In the mid 1990s, it was assumed that a two-state model, postulating an inactive (R) state and an active (R*) state provides the molecular basis for GPCR activation. However, it became clear that this model could not accommodate many experimental observations. Accordingly, the two-state model was superseded by a multi-state model according to which any given ligand stabilizes a unique receptor conformation with distinct capabilities of activating down-stream G-proteins and β-arrestin. Much of this research was conducted with the β2-adrenoceptor in recombinant systems. At the molecular level, there is now no doubt anymore that ligand-specific receptor conformations, also referred to as functional selectivity, exist. This concept holds great potential for drug discovery in terms of developing drugs with higher selectivity for specific cells and/or cell functions and fewer side effects. A major challenge is the analysis for functional selectivity in native cells. Here, I discuss our current knowledge on functional selectivity of three representative GPCRs, the β2-adrenoceptor and the histamine H2- and H4-receptors, in recombinant systems and native human cells. Studies with human neutrophils and eosinophils support the concept of functional selectivity. A major strategy for the analysis of functional selectivity in native cells is to generate complete concentration/response curves with a large set of structurally diverse ligands for multiple parameters. Next, correlations of potencies and efficacies are analyzed, and deviations of the correlations from linearity are indicative for functional selectivity. Additionally, pharmacological inhibitors are used to dissect cell functions from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Sadek B, Shehab S, Więcek M, Subramanian D, Shafiullah M, Kieć-Kononowicz K, Adem A. Anticonvulsant properties of histamine H3 receptor ligands belonging to N-substituted carbamates of imidazopropanol. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:4886-91. [PMID: 23891186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ligands targeting central histamine H3 receptors (H3Rs) for epilepsy might be a promising therapeutic approach. Therefore, the previously described and structurally strongly related imidazole-based derivatives belonging to carbamate class with high H3R in vitro affinity, in-vivo antagonist potency, and H3R selectivity profile were investigated on their anticonvulsant activity in maximal electroshock (MES)-induced and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled seizure models in Wistar rats. The effects of systemic injection of H3R ligands 1-13 on MES-induced and PTZ-kindled seizures were screened and evaluated against the reference antiepileptic drug (AED) Phenytoin (PHT) and the standard histamine H3R inverse agonist/antagonist Thioperamide (THP) to determine their potential as new antiepileptic drugs. Following administration of the H3R ligands 1-13 (5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, ip) there was a significant dose dependent reduction in MES-induced seizure duration. The protective action observed for the pentenyl carbamate derivative 4, the most protective H3R ligand among 1-13, was significantly higher (P <0.05) than that of standard H3R antagonist THP, and was reversed when rats were pretreated with the selective H3R agonist R-(α)-methyl-histamine (RAMH) (10mg/kg), or with the CNS penetrant H1R antagonist Pyrilamine (PYR) (10mg/kg). In addition, subeffective dose of H3R ligand 4 (5mg/kg, ip) significantly potentiated the protective action in rats pretreated with PHT (5mg/kg, ip), a dose without appreciable protective effect when given alone. In contrast, pretreatment with H3R ligand 4 (10mg/kg ip) failed to modify PTZ-kindled convulsion, whereas the reference drug PHT was found to fully protect PTZ-induced seizure. These results indicate that some of the investigated imidazole-based H3R ligands 1-13 may be of future therapeutic value in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Sadek
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, PO Box 17666, United Arab Emirates.
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Mirzahosseini A, Dalmadi B, Csutora P. Histamine receptor H4 regulates mast cell degranulation and IgE induced FcεRI upregulation in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells. Cell Immunol 2013; 283:38-44. [PMID: 23850674 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that histamine regulates the immune system via histamine H4 receptors, therefore we sought to investigate the functions of the H4 receptor on mast cells. Mast cells were differentiated from murine bone marrow stem cells, and the expression of mast cell surface markers FcεRI and CD117 were measured using flow cytometry. Real-time qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of mH4R; as a measure of antigen-dependent degranulation, β-hexosaminidase release assay was carried out using IgE sensitized mast cells. We determined that the expression kinetics of FcεRI and mH4R can be described with a function that has one maximum value in the time range of the culture's differentiation. Antigen-dependent degranulation of murine bone marrow-derived mast cells could be inhibited by a selective H4 antagonist/inverse agonist only when it was present during the IgE sensitization phase of degranulation. In addition, flow cytometric analysis revealed that the H4 antagonist/inverse agonist also inhibited IgE induced FcεRI upregulation. The inhibition percentage of H4 antagonist on IgE induced FcεRI upregulation was determined to be dependent upon the maturity of the mast cell cultures, and this time-dependency was consistent with the expression kinetics of both mH4R and FcεRI. These results imply that H4R has regulatory roles in FcεRI expression and FcεRI mediated functions in mast cells. In conclusion the present study shows that H4 receptors potentially play a role in IgE induced FcεRI upregulation and in the sensitization phase but not the effector phase of mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Mirzahosseini
- Immuno-Inflammation Unit, Sanofi Research and Development, Tó utca 1-5, H-1045 Budapest, Hungary.
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Bodensteiner J, Baumeister P, Geyer R, Buschauer A, Reiser O. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of new tetrahydrofuran based compounds as conformationally constrained histamine receptor ligands. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:4040-55. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40441b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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41
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Seifert R, Strasser A, Schneider EH, Neumann D, Dove S, Buschauer A. Molecular and cellular analysis of human histamine receptor subtypes. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:33-58. [PMID: 23254267 PMCID: PMC3869951 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The human histamine receptors hH(1)R and hH(2)R constitute important drug targets, and hH(3)R and hH(4)R have substantial potential in this area. Considering the species-specificity of pharmacology of H(x)R orthologs, it is important to analyze hH(x)Rs. Here, we summarize current knowledge of hH(x)Rs endogenously expressed in human cells and hH(x)Rs recombinantly expressed in mammalian and insect cells. We present the advantages and disadvantages of the various systems. We also discuss problems associated with the use of hH(x)R antibodies, an issue of general relevance for G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There is much greater overlap in activity of 'selective' ligands for other hH(x)Rs than the cognate receptor subtype than generally appreciated. Studies with native and recombinant systems support the concept of ligand-specific receptor conformations, encompassing agonists and antagonists. It is emerging that for characterization of hH(x)R ligands, one cannot rely on a single test system and a single parameter. Rather, multiple systems and parameters have to be studied. Although such studies are time-consuming and expensive, ultimately, they will increase drug safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical School of Hannover, Hannover, Germany.
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Strasser A, Wittmann HJ, Buschauer A, Schneider EH, Seifert R. Species-dependent activities of G-protein-coupled receptor ligands: lessons from histamine receptor orthologs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2012; 34:13-32. [PMID: 23228711 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Histamine is a biogenic amine that exerts its biological effects as a neurotransmitter and local mediator via four histamine receptor (HR) subtypes (H(x)Rs) - H(1)R, H(2)R, H(3)R, and H(4)R - belonging to the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). All four H(x)Rs exhibit pronounced differences in agonist and/or antagonist pharmacology among various species orthologs. The species differences constitute a problem for animal experiments and drug development. This problem applies to GPCRs with diverse ligands. Here, we summarize our current knowledge on H(x)R orthologs as a case study for species-dependent activity of GPCR ligands. We show that species-specific pharmacology also provides unique opportunities to study important aspects of GPCR pharmacology in general, including ligand-binding sites, the roles of extracellular domains in ligand binding and receptor activation, agonist-independent (constitutive) receptor activity, thermodynamics of ligand/receptor interaction, receptor-activation mechanisms, and ligand-specific receptor conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Strasser
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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43
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Voltage sensitivities and deactivation kinetics of histamine H3 and H4 receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1818:3081-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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44
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Nijmeijer S, Vischer HF, Rosethorne EM, Charlton SJ, Leurs R. Analysis of Multiple Histamine H4 Receptor Compound Classes Uncovers Gαi Protein- and β-Arrestin2-Biased Ligands. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:1174-82. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.080911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Reher TM, Neumann D, Buschauer A, Seifert R. Incomplete activation of human eosinophils via the histamine H4-receptor: Evidence for ligand-specific receptor conformations. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:192-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Neumann D, Beermann S, Mägel L, Jonigk D, Weber-Steffens D, Männel D, Seifert R. Problems associated with the use of commercial and non-commercial antibodies against the histamine H4 receptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0766-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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47
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DOGS: reaction-driven de novo design of bioactive compounds. PLoS Comput Biol 2012; 8:e1002380. [PMID: 22359493 PMCID: PMC3280956 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a computational method for the reaction-based de novo design of drug-like molecules. The software DOGS (Design of Genuine Structures) features a ligand-based strategy for automated ‘in silico’ assembly of potentially novel bioactive compounds. The quality of the designed compounds is assessed by a graph kernel method measuring their similarity to known bioactive reference ligands in terms of structural and pharmacophoric features. We implemented a deterministic compound construction procedure that explicitly considers compound synthesizability, based on a compilation of 25'144 readily available synthetic building blocks and 58 established reaction principles. This enables the software to suggest a synthesis route for each designed compound. Two prospective case studies are presented together with details on the algorithm and its implementation. De novo designed ligand candidates for the human histamine H4 receptor and γ-secretase were synthesized as suggested by the software. The computational approach proved to be suitable for scaffold-hopping from known ligands to novel chemotypes, and for generating bioactive molecules with drug-like properties. The computer program DOGS aims at the automated generation of new bioactive compounds. Only a single known reference compound is required to have the computer come up with suggestions for potentially isofunctional molecules. A specific feature of the algorithm is its capability to propose a synthesis plan for each designed compound, based on a large set of readily available molecular building blocks and established reaction protocols. The de novo design software provides rapid access to tool compounds and starting points for the development of a lead candidate structure. The manuscript gives a detailed description of the algorithm. Theoretical analysis and prospective case studies demonstrate its ability to propose bioactive, plausible and chemically accessible compounds.
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Beermann S, Seifert R, Neumann D. Commercially available antibodies against human and murine histamine H₄-receptor lack specificity. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:125-35. [PMID: 22071576 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are important tools to detect expression and localization of proteins within the living cell. However, for a series of commercially available antibodies which are supposed to recognize G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), lack of specificity has been described. In recent publications, antisera against the histamine H₄-receptor (H₄R), which is a member of the GPCR family, have been used to demonstrate receptor expression. However, a comprehensive characterization of these antisera has not been performed yet. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate the specificity of three commercially available H₄R antibodies. Sf9 insect cells and HEK293 cells expressing recombinant murine and human H₄R, spleen cells obtained from H₄⁻/⁻ and from wild-type mice, and human CD20⁺ and CD20⁻ peripheral blood cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western blot using three commercially available H₄R antibodies. Our results show that all tested H₄R antibodies bind to virtually all cells, independently of the expression of H₄R, thus in an unspecific fashion. Also in Western blot, the H₄R antibodies do not bind to the specified protein. Our data underscore the importance of stringent evaluation of antibodies using valid controls, such as cells of H₄R⁻/⁻ mice, to show true receptor expression and antigen specificity. Improved validation of commercially available antibodies prior to release to the market would avoid time-consuming and expensive validation assays by the user.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Beermann
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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Interactions of recombinant human histamine H1, H2, H3, and H4 receptors with 34 antidepressants and antipsychotics. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 385:145-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0704-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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50
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Geyer R, Buschauer A. Synthesis and histamine H(3) and H(4) receptor activity of conformationally restricted cyanoguanidines related to UR-PI376. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 344:775-85. [PMID: 21987304 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we identified highly potent agonists of the human histamine H(4) receptor (hH(4) R) among a series of imidazolylbutylcyanoguanidines. Aiming at improved selectivity for the hH(4) R relative to the H(3) receptor (hH(3) R), the flexible tetramethylene linker connecting imidazole ring and cyanoguanidine group was replaced by conformationally restricted carbocycles. Introduction of a para- or a meta-phenylene spacer yielded only very weakly active compounds at both hH(3) R and hH(4) R (investigated in [(35) S]GTPγS binding assays using Sf9 insect cell membranes expressing hH(x) R subtypes). By contrast, the incorporation of a more flexible cyclohexane-1,4-diyl linker resulted in EC(50) or K(B) values ≥110 nM at hH(4) R and hH(3) R. Quality of action, potency and receptor subtype selectivity of the investigated compounds depend on the stereochemistry: Cis-configured diastereomers prefer the hH(4) R and are partial agonists, whereas trans-isomers are antagonists at the hH(4) R. At the hH(3) R the trans-diastereomers are superior to the cis-isomers by a factor of 10. The results on imidazolylcycloalkylcyanoguanidines suggest that variation of ring size and optimization of the stereochemistry may be useful to increase the potency and selectivity of hH(4) R agonists relative to the hH(3) R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Geyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry II, University of Regensburg, Germany
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