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Hu M, Bao J, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Tang J, Zou Q. Supramolecular Nanoparticles of Histone and Hyaluronic Acid for Co-Delivery of siRNA and Photosensitizer In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5424. [PMID: 38791462 PMCID: PMC11121309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has significant potential as a treatment for cancer by targeting specific genes or molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression. The addition of siRNA to other therapeutic strategies, like photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance the anticancer effects, providing synergistic benefits. Nevertheless, the effective delivery of siRNA into target cells remains an obstacle in cancer therapy. Herein, supramolecular nanoparticles were fabricated via the co-assembly of natural histone and hyaluronic acid for the co-delivery of HMGB1-siRNA and the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) into the MCF-7 cell. The produced siRNA-Ce6 nanoparticles (siRNA-Ce6 NPs) have a spherical morphology and exhibit uniform distribution. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the siRNA-Ce6 NPs display good biocompatibility, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved cytotoxicity. These outcomes indicate that the nanoparticles constructed by the co-assembly of histone and hyaluronic acid hold enormous promise as a means of siRNA and photosensitizer co-delivery towards synergetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxing Hu
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianwei Bao
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuanmei Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lele Wang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jihui Tang
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qianli Zou
- Research and Industrialization of New Drug Release Technology Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230000, China
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2
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Xu X, Zhang T, Angioletti-Uberti S, Lv Y. Binding of Proteins to Copolymers of Varying Charges and Hydrophobicity: A Molecular Mechanism and Computational Strategies. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4118-4129. [PMID: 36166427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Because of their ability to selectively bind to a target protein, copolymer nanoparticles (NPs) containing a selected combination of hydrophobic and charged groups have been frequently reported as potent antibody-like analogues. However, due to the intrinsic disorder of the copolymer NP in terms of its random monomer sequence and the cross-linked copolymer matrix, the copolymer NP is indeed strikingly different from a well-folded protein antibody and the complexation between the copolymer NP and a target protein is likely not due to a lock-key type of interaction but possibly due to a novel and unexplored molecular mechanism. Here, we study a key biomarker protein, vimentin, interacting with a set of random copolymer chains using implicit-water explicit-ion coarse-grained (CG) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations along with biolayer interferometry (BLI) analysis. Due to the charge and hydrophobicity anisotropy on the vimentin dimer (VD) surface, a set of bound copolymers are found inhomogenously adsorbed on the VD, with energetic heterogeneity for different binding sites and cooperative effect in the adsorption. Increasing the charge or hydrophobicity of the copolymer may have different consequences on the adsorption. In this study, we found that with more copolymer charges, the protein coverage increases for copolymers of low hydrophobicity and decreases of high hydrophobicity, which is explained by the distribution and size of various functional patches on the VD in loading those copolymers. Employing a coverage-dependent Langmuir model, we propose a simulation protocol to address the full profile of the copolymer binding free energy through the fit to the simulated binding isotherm. The obtained results correlate well with those from the BLI experiment, indicating the significance of this method for the rational design of the copolymer NP with engineered protein binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing210094, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
| | - Stefano Angioletti-Uberti
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K.,Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, LondonSW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Yongqin Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, P. R. China
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3
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Guo L, Li YH, Fang S, Pan Y, Chen J, Meng YC. Characterization and interaction mechanism of selective protein separation by epsilon-polylysine: The role of hydrophobic attraction. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.107710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Interaction of Linear Polyelectrolytes with Proteins: Role of Specific Charge-Charge Interaction and Ionic Strength. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091377. [PMID: 34572590 PMCID: PMC8472085 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a thermodynamic study of the interaction of synthetic, linear polyelectrolytes with bovine serum albumin (BSA). All polyelectrolytes are based on poly(allyl glycidyl ether) which has been modified by polymer-analogous reaction with anionic (-SO3Na), cationic (-NH3Cl or -NHMe2Cl) or zwitterionic groups (-NMe2(CH2)3SO3). While the anionic polymer shows a very weak interaction, the zwitterionic polymer exhibits no interaction with BSA (pI = 4.7) under the applied pH = 7.4, ionic strength (I = 23–80 mM) and temperature conditions (T = 20–37 °C). A strong binding, however, was observed for the polycations bearing primary amino or tertiary dimethyl amino groups, which could be analysed in detail by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The analysis was done using an expression which describes the free energy of binding, ΔGb, as the function of the two decisive variables, temperature, T, and salt concentration, cs. The underlying model splits ΔGb into a term related to counterion release and a term related to water release. While the number of released counter ions is similar for both systems, the release of bound water is more important for the primary amine compared to the tertiary N,N-dimethyl amine presenting polymer. This finding is further traced back to a closer contact of the polymers’ protonated primary amino groups in the complex with oppositely charged moieties of BSA as compared to the bulkier protonated tertiary amine groups. We thus present an investigation that quantifies both driving forces for electrostatic binding, namely counterion release and change of hydration, which contribute to a deeper understanding with direct impact on future advancements in the biomedical field.
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Jiang J. Non-monotonic Effects of Intrinsic Stiffness and Concentration of Polyelectrolytes on the Electro-Sorption. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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6
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Understanding the Interaction of Polyelectrolyte Architectures with Proteins and Biosystems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:3882-3904. [PMID: 32589355 PMCID: PMC7894192 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The counterions neutralizing the charges on polyelectrolytes such as DNA or heparin may dissociate in water and greatly influence the interaction of such polyelectrolytes with biomolecules, particularly proteins. In this Review we give an overview of studies on the interaction of proteins with polyelectrolytes and how this knowledge can be used for medical applications. Counterion release was identified as the main driving force for the binding of proteins to polyelectrolytes: Patches of positive charge become multivalent counterions of the polyelectrolyte and lead to the release of counterions from the polyelectrolyte and a concomitant increase in entropy. This is shown from investigations on the interaction of proteins with natural and synthetic polyelectrolytes. Special emphasis is paid to sulfated dendritic polyglycerols (dPGS). The Review demonstrates that we are moving to a better understanding of charge-charge interactions in systems of biological relevance. Research along these lines will aid and promote the design of synthetic polyelectrolytes for medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und BiochemieFreie Universität BerlinTakustrasse 314195BerlinGermany
- IRIS AdlershofHumboldt Universität zu BerlinZum Grossen Windkanal 612489BerlinGermany
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin BerlinInstitute of Laboratory MedicineClinical Chemistry, and PathobiochemistryCVK Augustenburger Platz 113353BerlinGermany
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood ResearchDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineLife Science InstituteDepartment of ChemistrySchool of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverV6T 1Z3Canada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsMcGill UniversityMontrealH3G 1Y6Canada
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7
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Samanta R, Ganesan V. Direct Simulations of Phase Behavior of Mixtures of Oppositely Charged Proteins/Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10943-10951. [PMID: 33205987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We use direct simulations of particle-polyelectrolyte mixtures using the single chain in mean field framework to extract the phase diagram for such systems. At high charges of the particles and low concentration of polymers, we observe the formation of a coacervate phase involving the particles and polyelectrolytes. At low particle charges and/or high concentration of polymers, the mixture undergoes a segregative phase separation into particle-rich and polymer-rich phases, respectively. We also present results for the influence of particle charge heterogeneity on the phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Achazi K, Haag R, Ballauff M, Dernedde J, Kizhakkedathu JN, Maysinger D, Multhaup G. Wechselwirkung von Polyelektrolyt‐Architekturen mit Proteinen und Biosystemen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Achazi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Freie Universität Berlin Takustraße 3 14195 Berlin Deutschland
- IRIS Adlershof Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Zum Großen Windkanal 6 12489 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jens Dernedde
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie CVK Augustenburger Platz 1 13353 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Jayachandran N. Kizhakkedathu
- Centre for Blood Research Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Life Science Institute Department of Chemistry School of Biomedical Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver V6T 1Z3 Kanada
| | - Dusica Maysinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
| | - Gerd Multhaup
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics McGill University Montreal H3G 1Y6 Kanada
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9
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Samanta R, Ganesan V. Influence of Charge Regulation and Charge Heterogeneity on Complexation between Weak Polyelectrolytes and Weak Proteins Near Isoelectric Point. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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10
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Zheng J, Tang CH, Sun W. Heteroprotein complex coacervation: Focus on experimental strategies to investigate structure formation as a function of intrinsic and external physicochemical parameters for food applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 284:102268. [PMID: 32977143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins are important components of foods, because they are one of the essential food groups, they have many functional properties that are very useful for modifying the physicochemical and textural properties of processed foods and possess many biological activities that are beneficial to human health. The process of heteroprotein complex coacervation (HPCC) combines two or more proteins through long-range coulombic interaction and specific short-range forces, creating a liquid-liquid colloid, with highly concentrated protein in the droplet phase and much more diluted-protein in the bulk phase. Coacervates possess novel, modifiable, physicochemical characteristics, and often exhibit the combined biological activities of the protein components, which makes them applicable to formulated foods and encapsulation carriers. This review discusses research progress in the field of HPCC in three parts: (1) the basic and innovative experimental methods and simulation tools for understanding the physicochemical behavior of these heteroprotein supramolecular architectures; (2) the influence of environmental factors (pH, mixing ratio, salts, temperature, and formation time) and intrinsic factors (protein modifications, metal-binding, charge anisotropy, and polypeptide designs) on HPCC; (3) the potential applications of HPCC materials, such as encapsulation of nutraceuticals, nanogels, emulsion stabilization, and protein separation. The wide diversity of possible combinations of proteins with different properties, endows HPCC materials with great potential for development into highly-innovation functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Chuan-He Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Weizheng Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health (111 Center), Guangzhou 510641, China.
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11
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Walkowiak JJ, Ballauff M, Zimmermann R, Freudenberg U, Werner C. Thermodynamic Analysis of the Interaction of Heparin with Lysozyme. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:4615-4625. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Janusz Walkowiak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center for Biomaterials Dresden, Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Samanta R, Halabe A, Ganesan V. Influence of Charge Regulation and Charge Heterogeneity on Complexation between Polyelectrolytes and Proteins. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4421-4435. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Avni Halabe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Venkat Ganesan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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13
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Xu X, Angioletti-Uberti S, Lu Y, Dzubiella J, Ballauff M. Interaction of Proteins with Polyelectrolytes: Comparison of Theory to Experiment. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:5373-5391. [PMID: 30095921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We discuss recent investigations of the interaction of polyelectrolytes with proteins. In particular, we review our recent studies on the interaction of simple proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) and lysozyme with linear polyelectrolytes, charged dendrimers, charged networks, and polyelectrolyte brushes. In all cases discussed here, we combined experimental work with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and mean-field theories. In particular, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) has been employed to obtain the respective binding constants Kb and the Gibbs free energy of binding. MD simulations with explicit counterions but implicit water demonstrate that counterion release is the main driving force for the binding of proteins to strongly charged polyelectrolytes: patches of positive charges located on the surface of the protein become multivalent counterions of the polyelectrolyte, thereby releasing a number of counterions condensed on the polyelectrolyte. The binding Gibbs free energy due to counterion release is predicted to scale with the logarithm of the salt concentration in the system, which is verified by both simulations and experiment. In several cases, namely, for the interaction of proteins with linear polyelectrolytes and highly charged hydrophilic dendrimers, the binding constant could be calculated from simulations to very good approximation. This finding demonstrated that in these cases explicit hydration effects do not contribute to the Gibbs free energy of binding. The Gibbs free energy can also be used to predict the kinetics of protein uptake by microgels for a given system by applying dynamic density functional theory. The entire discussion demonstrates that the direct comparison of theory with experiments can lead to a full understanding of the interaction of proteins with charged polymers. Possible implications for applications, such as drug design, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , 200 Xiao Ling Wei , Nanjing 210094 , P. R. China
| | - Stefano Angioletti-Uberti
- Department of Materials , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ - UK , U.K
- International Research Centre for Soft Matter , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , 100099 Beijing , PR China
| | - Yan Lu
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , 14109 Berlin , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry , University of Potsdam , 14467 Potsdam , Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , 14109 Berlin , Germany
- Physikalisches Institut , Albert-Ludwigs-Universität , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Matthias Ballauff
- Soft Matter and Functional Materials , Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , 14109 Berlin , Germany
- Institut für Physik , Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , 12489 Berlin , Germany
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Semenyuk P, Muronetz V. Protein Interaction with Charged Macromolecules: From Model Polymers to Unfolded Proteins and Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1252. [PMID: 30871103 PMCID: PMC6429204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interaction of proteins with charged macromolecules is involved in many processes in cells. Firstly, there are many naturally occurred charged polymers such as DNA and RNA, polyphosphates, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, etc., as well as pronouncedly charged proteins such as histones or actin. Electrostatic interactions are also important for "generic" proteins, which are not generally considered as polyanions or polycations. Finally, protein behavior can be altered due to post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, sulfation, and glycation, which change a local charge of the protein region. Herein we review molecular modeling for the investigation of such interactions, from model polyanions and polycations to unfolded proteins. We will show that electrostatic interactions are ubiquitous, and molecular dynamics simulations provide an outstanding opportunity to look inside binding and reveal the contribution of electrostatic interactions. Since a molecular dynamics simulation is only a model, we will comprehensively consider its relationship with the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
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15
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Wang X, Zheng K, Si Y, Guo X, Xu Y. Protein⁻Polyelectrolyte Interaction: Thermodynamic Analysis Based on the Titration Method †. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E82. [PMID: 30960066 PMCID: PMC6402006 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This review discussed the mechanisms including theories and binding stages concerning the protein⁻polyelectrolyte (PE) interaction, as well as the applications for both complexation and coacervation states of protein⁻PE pairs. In particular, this review focused on the applications of titration techniques, that is, turbidimetric titration and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), in understanding the protein⁻PE binding process. To be specific, by providing thermodynamic information such as pHc, pHφ, binding constant, entropy, and enthalpy change, titration techniques could shed light on the binding affinity, binding stoichiometry, and driving force of the protein⁻PE interaction, which significantly guide the applications by utilization of these interactions. Recent reports concerning interactions between proteins and different types of polyelectrolytes, that is, linear polyelectrolytes and polyelectrolyte modified nanoparticles, are summarized with their binding differences systematically discussed and compared based on the two major titration techniques. We believe this short review could provide valuable insight in the understanding of the structure⁻property relationship and the design of applied biomedical PE-based systems with optimal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Kai Zheng
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yi Si
- Institute of Vascular Surgery, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin road, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Yisheng Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- International Joint Research Center of Green Energy Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Bingtuan of Materials Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
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16
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Samanta R, Ganesan V. Influence of protein charge patches on the structure of protein-polyelectrolyte complexes. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9475-9488. [PMID: 30431051 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We employ a combination of the single chain in mean field simulation approach with the solution of Poisson's equation to study the influence of charge heterogeneities on the structure of protein-polyelectrolyte complexes. By adopting a coarse-grained model of representing proteins as charged nanoparticles, we studied the influence of the pattern of charge heterogeneities, net charge, ratio of positive to negative charges on the patches, and the volume fraction of the particles on the structural and aggregation characteristics of proteins in polyelectrolyte solutions. Our results demonstrate that the pattern of charge heterogeneities can exert a significant influence on the resulting characteristics of the aggregates, in some cases leading to a transformation from polymer-bridged complexes into direct particle aggregates driven by the attraction between oppositely charged patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Samanta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
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17
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Cui Y, Zhou F, Bai L, Wei L, Tan J, Zeng Z, Song Q, Chen J, Huang N. SEMA4D-heparin Complexes Immobilized on Titanium Surfaces Have Anticoagulant, Cell-Migration-Promoting, and Immunoregulatory Effects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1598-1608. [PMID: 33445317 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soluble semaphorin 4D (SEMA4D) is a 120 kDa transmembrane protein, which belongs to the semaphorin family of axon guidance molecules that act primarily axonal repellents. SEMA4D elicits its migration-promoting and immunomodulatory effects through activation of PLXNB1 and CD72, respectively. In this study, SEMA4D combined with heparin were adsorbed onto cationic surfaces. The biocompatibility evaluation results indicated that the SEMA4D-heparin-modified surfaces displayed less platelet adhesion and activation, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) and thrombin time (TT) and reduced fibrinogen gamma chain (FGG) exposure and fibrinogen adhesion. Additionally, endothelial cells (ECs) showed improved adhesion density and proliferation activity on the SEMA4D-heparin-modified surfaces. Chemotactic and haptotaxis assays indicated a highly guided migration for ECs on the modified surfaces. The immunological tests revealed that the SEMA4D-heparin complexes had a positive immunomodulatory effect on macrophages and promoted macrophages polarization into M2 phenotypes. Overall, the results suggested that the SEMA4D-heparin complexes can be a potential therapeutic agent to promote tissue healing and accelerate in situ endothelialization with minimal side effects and positive immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
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19
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Wu H, Liu Z, Li A, Yang H. Evaluation of starch-based flocculants for the flocculation of dissolved organic matter from textile dyeing secondary wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:200-207. [PMID: 28167351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
China is a major textile manufacturer in the world; as a result, large quantities of dyeing effluents are generated every year in the country. In this study, the performances of two cationic starch-based flocculants with different chain architectures, i.e., starch-graft-poly[(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride] (STC-g-PDMC) and starch-3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (STC-CTA), in flocculating dissolved organic matter (DOM) in dyeing secondary effluents were investigated and compared with that of polyaluminum chloride (PAC). In the exploration of the flocculation mechanisms, humic acid (HA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as main representatives of DOM in textile dyeing secondary effluents, which were humic/fulvic acid-like and protein-like extracellular matters according to the studied wastewater's characteristics based on its three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectrum. According to experimental results of the flocculation of both the real and synthetic wastewaters, STC-g-PDMC with cationic branches had remarkable advantages over STC-CTA and PAC because of the more efficient charge neutralization and bridging flocculation effects of STC-g-PDMC. Another interesting finding in this study was the reaggregation phenomenon after restabilization at an overdose during the flocculation of BSA effluents by STC-g-PDMC at a very narrow pH range under a nearly neutral condition. This phenomenon might be ascribed to the formation of STC-g-PDMC/BSA complexes induced by some local charge interactions between starch-based flocculant and the amino acid fragments of protein due to charge patch effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Zhouzhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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20
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Minsky BB, Dubin PL, Kaltashov IA. Electrostatic Forces as Dominant Interactions Between Proteins and Polyanions: an ESI MS Study of Fibroblast Growth Factor Binding to Heparin Oligomers. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:758-767. [PMID: 28211013 PMCID: PMC5808462 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1596-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) are facilitated by heparan sulfate (HS) and heparin (Hp), highly sulfated biological polyelectrolytes. The molecular basis of FGF interactions with these polyelectrolytes is highly complex due to the structural heterogeneity of HS/Hp, and many details still remain elusive, especially the significance of charge density and minimal chain length of HS/Hp in growth factor recognition and multimerization. In this work, we use electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) to investigate the association of relatively homogeneous oligoheparins (octamer, dp8, and decamer, dp10) with acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1). This growth factor forms 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 protein/heparinoid complexes with both dp8 and dp10, and the fraction of bound protein is highly dependent on protein/heparinoid molar ratio. Multimeric complexes are preferentially formed on the highly sulfated Hp oligomers. Although a variety of oligomers appear to be binding-competent, there is a strong correlation between the affinity and the overall level of sulfation (the highest charge density polyanions binding FGF most strongly via multivalent interactions). These results show that the interactions between FGF-1 and Hp oligomers are primarily directed by electrostatics, and also demonstrate the power of ESI MS as a tool to study multiple binding equilibria between proteins and structurally heterogeneous polyanions. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baykal Minsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Paul L Dubin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Igor A Kaltashov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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21
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Irani AH, Owen JL, Mercadante D, Williams MAK. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Illuminate the Role of Counterion Condensation in the Electrophoretic Transport of Homogalacturonans. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:505-516. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amir H. Irani
- Institute
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jessie L. Owen
- Institute
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | | | - Martin A. K. Williams
- Institute
of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute
of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
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Xu Y, Liu M, Faisal M, Si Y, Guo Y. Selective protein complexation and coacervation by polyelectrolytes. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:158-167. [PMID: 27378068 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the possible relationship between protein charge anisotropy, protein binding affinity, polymer structure, and selective phase separation. We hope that a fundamental understanding of primarily electrostatically driven protein-polyelectrolyte (PE) interactions can enable the prediction of selective protein binding, and hence selective coacervation through non-specific electrostatics. Such research will partially challenge the assumption that specific binding has to be realized through specific binding sites with a variety of short-range interactions and some geometric match. More specifically, the recent studies on selective binding of proteins by polyelectrolytes were examined from different assemblies in addition to the electrostatic features of proteins and PEs. At the end, the optimization of phase separation based on binding affinity for selective coacervation and some considerations relevant to using PEs for protein purification were also overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Engineering Research Center of Materials Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bintuan, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832000, China.
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mostufa Faisal
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yi Si
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated of Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yanchuan Guo
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190,China.
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24
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Xiao J, Li Y, Huang Q. Application of Monte Carlo simulation in addressing key issues of complex coacervation formed by polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:31-45. [PMID: 27265512 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews the recent advance of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation in addressing key issues of complex coacervation between polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged colloids. Readers were first supplied with a brief overview of current knowledge and experimental strategies in the study of complex coacervation. In the next section, the general MC simulation procedures as well as representative strategies applied in complex coacervation were summarized. The unique contributions of MC simulation in either capturing delicate features, easing the experimental trials or proving the concept were then elucidated through the following aspects: i) identify phase boundary and decouple interaction contributions; ii) clarify composition distribution and internal structure; iii) predict the influences of physicochemical conditions on complex coacervation; iv) delineate the mechanisms for "binding on the wrong side of the isoelectric point". Finally, current challenges as well as prospects of MC simulation in complex coacervation are also discussed. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide readers with basic guideline for synergistic design of experiments in combination with MC simulation, and deliver convincing interpretation and reliable prediction for the structure and behavior in polyelectrolyte-macroion complex coacervation.
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25
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Liu Y, Winter HH, Perry SL. Linear viscoelasticity of complex coacervates. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 239:46-60. [PMID: 27633928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Rheology is a powerful method for material characterization that can provide detailed information about the self-assembly, structure, and intermolecular interactions present in a material. Here, we review the use of linear viscoelastic measurements for the rheological characterization of complex coacervate-based materials. Complex coacervation is an electrostatically and entropically-driven associative liquid-liquid phase separation phenomenon that can result in the formation of bulk liquid phases, or the self-assembly of hierarchical, microphase separated materials. We discuss the need to link thermodynamic studies of coacervation phase behavior with characterization of material dynamics, and provide parallel examples of how parameters such as charge stoichiometry, ionic strength, and polymer chain length impact self-assembly and material dynamics. We conclude by highlighting key areas of need in the field, and specifically call for the development of a mechanistic understanding of how molecular-level interactions in complex coacervate-based materials affect both self-assembly and material dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - H Henning Winter
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Sarah L Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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26
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Blocher WC, Perry SL. Complex coacervate-based materials for biomedicine. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney C. Blocher
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
| | - Sarah L. Perry
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of Massachusetts Amherst; Amherst MA USA
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27
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Tunable immobilization of protein in anionic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes as observed by small-angle X-ray scattering. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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28
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Heparin/Heparan sulfate proteoglycans glycomic interactome in angiogenesis: biological implications and therapeutical use. Molecules 2015; 20:6342-88. [PMID: 25867824 PMCID: PMC6272510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessel from pre-existing ones, is involved in various intertwined pathological processes including virus infection, inflammation and oncogenesis, making it a promising target for the development of novel strategies for various interventions. To induce angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) must interact with pro-angiogenic receptors to induce proliferation, protease production and migration of endothelial cells (ECs). The action of AGFs is counteracted by antiangiogenic modulators whose main mechanism of action is to bind (thus sequestering or masking) AGFs or their receptors. Many sugars, either free or associated to proteins, are involved in these interactions, thus exerting a tight regulation of the neovascularization process. Heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans undoubtedly play a pivotal role in this context since they bind to almost all the known AGFs, to several pro-angiogenic receptors and even to angiogenic inhibitors, originating an intricate network of interaction, the so called "angiogenesis glycomic interactome". The decoding of the angiogenesis glycomic interactome, achievable by a systematic study of the interactions occurring among angiogenic modulators and sugars, may help to design novel antiangiogenic therapies with implications in the cure of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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Liu P, Chen L, Toh JKC, Ang YL, Jee JE, Lim J, Lee SS, Lee SG. Tailored chondroitin sulfate glycomimetics via a tunable multivalent scaffold for potentiating NGF/TrkA-induced neurogenesis. Chem Sci 2015; 6:450-456. [PMID: 28694940 PMCID: PMC5485393 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02553a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The challenges inherent in the synthesis of large glycosaminoglycan (GAG) polysaccharides have made chemically accessible multivalent glycoligands a valuable tool in the field of GAG mimetics. However, the difficulty of positioning sulfated sugar motifs at desired sites has hindered efforts to precisely tailor their biofunctions. Here, we achieved precise orientation of sulfated disaccharide motifs by taking advantage of a structurally well-defined polyproline scaffold, and describe systematic explorations into the importance of the spatial arrangement of sulfated sugars along the scaffold backbone in designing multivalent glycoligands. Our protein binding studies demonstrate that the specific conformational display of pendant sugars is central to direct their multivalent interactions with NGF. By employing computational modeling and cellular studies, we have further applied this approach to engineer NGF-mediated signaling by regulating the NGF/TrkA complexation process, leading to enhanced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Our findings offer a promising strategy for the pinpoint engineering of GAG-mediated biological processes and a novel method of designing new therapeutic agents that are highly specific to GAG-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Liwei Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Jerry K C Toh
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Yi Li Ang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Joo-Eun Jee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Jaehong Lim
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Su Seong Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
| | - Song-Gil Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos , Singapore 138669 , Singapore . ; ; Tel: +65 6824 7131
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30
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Xu Y, Wang S, Han H, Chen K, Qin L, Xu J, Wang J, Li L, Guo X. Enhancement of enzymatic activity by magnetic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes: a potential recycling strategy for enzymes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11156-11164. [PMID: 25181307 DOI: 10.1021/la502314q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between amyloglucosidase and magnetic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes (MSPB) were studied by turbidimetric titration, which reveals reversible and tunable behaviors of pH-dependent enzyme-SPB binding. Quantitative thermodyanmic parameters including binding affinity and stoichiometry between enzyme and SPBs were further measured by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). A large amount of enzyme can be loaded in MSPB without loss of MSPB stability. We demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of amyloglucosidase bound in MSPB could be greatly enhanced (catalytic reaction rate, k(bound) = 1.36k(free)) compared to free enzyme acitivity in solution. This is tremendous improvement from other carrier systems that usually lead to a significant decrease of enzymatic activity. Both the high enzyme loading capacity and the enhancement of the catalytic activity probably arise from the Coulombic interactions between the enzyme and MSPB. These findings provide a practical strategy for enhancement of enzyme activity and enzyme recycling by MSPB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237, China
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31
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Zhao F, Shen G, Chen C, Xing R, Zou Q, Ma G, Yan X. Nanoengineering of Stimuli-Responsive Protein-Based Biomimetic Protocells as Versatile Drug Delivery Tools. Chemistry 2014; 20:6880-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201400348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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An AIL/IL-based liquid/liquid extraction system for the purification of His-tagged proteins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5665-75. [PMID: 24743984 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5737-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A sorbent based on affinity ionic liquid (AIL), triazacyclononane-ionic liquid, was synthesized, characterized, and applied to the extraction of histidine (His)-tagged proteins from aqueous buffer to ionic liquid (IL) phase. The adsorbed His-tagged proteins could be back-extracted from the IL phase to the aqueous buffer with an imidazole solution. The specific binding of His-tagged proteins with AIL/IL could be affected by a few factors including the ionic strength and coordinated metal ions. In the case of His-tagged enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), the maximum binding capacity of Cu(2+)-AIL/IL reached 2.58 μg/μmol under the optimized adsorption conditions. The eluted His-tagged EGFP kept fluorescent and remained active through the purification process. Moreover, a tandem extraction process successively using Cu(2+)-AIL/IL and Zn(2+)-AIL/IL systems was developed, which was proven very efficient to obtain the ultimate protein with a purity of about 90 %. An effective reclamation method for the AIL/IL extraction system was further established. The sorbent could be easily regenerated by removing metal ions with EDTA and the followed reimmobilization of metal ions. Easy handling of the presented M(2+)-AIL/IL system and highly specific ability to absorb His-tagged proteins make it attractive and potentially applicable in biomolecular separation.
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Minsky BB, Zheng B, Dubin PL. Inhibition of antithrombin and bovine serum albumin native state aggregation by heparin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:278-287. [PMID: 24313340 DOI: 10.1021/la4039232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Protein native state aggregation, a major problem in pharmaceutical and biological processes, has been addressed pharmacologically by the addition of protein-binding excipients. Heparin (Hp), a highly sulfated polysaccharide, interacts with numerous proteins with moderate to high affinity, but reports about its effect on protein aggregation are contradictory. We studied the pH dependence of the aggregation of antithrombin (AT) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) in the presence and absence of heparin. High-precision turbidimetry showed strong aggregation for both AT and BSA in I = 10 mM NaCl, conditions at which electrostatically driven Hp binding and aggregation both occur, with more obvious aggregation of heparin-free AT appearing as larger aggregate size. Aggregation of AT was dramatically inhibited at Hp: protein 6:1 (mole ratio); however, the effect at 0.5:1 Hp:protein was greater for BSA. Frontal analysis capillary electrophoresis showed a much larger equilibrium association constant Kobs between Hp and AT, in accord with the onset of Hp binding at a higher pH; both effects are explained by the higher charge density of the positive domain for AT as revealed by modeling with DelPhi. The corresponding modeling images showed that these domains persist at high salt only for AT, consistent with the 160-fold drop in Kobs at 100 mM salt for BSA-Hp binding. The smaller inhibition effect for AT arises from the tendency of its uncomplexed monomer to form larger aggregates more rapidly, but the stronger binding of Hp to AT does not facilitate Hp-induced aggregate dissolution which occurs more readily for BSA. This can be attributed to the higher density of AT aggregates evidenced by higher fractal dimensions. Differences between inhibition and reversal by Hp arise because the former may depend on the stage at which Hp enters the aggregation process and the latter on aggregate size and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baykal Minsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, United States
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Nishimura Y, Shudo H, Seto H, Hoshino Y, Miura Y. Syntheses of sulfated glycopolymers and analyses of their BACE-1 inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6390-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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35
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Minsky BB, Nguyen TV, Peyton SR, Kaltashov IA, Dubin PL. Heparin decamer bridges a growth factor and an oligolysine by different charge-driven interactions. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4091-8. [PMID: 24107074 DOI: 10.1021/bm401227p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Full-length heparin is widely used in tissue engineering applications due its multiple protein-binding sites that allow it to retain growth factor affinity while associating with oligopeptide components of the tissue scaffold. However, the extent to which oligopeptide coupling interferes with cognate protein binding is difficult to predict. To investigate such simultaneous interactions, we examined a well-defined ternary system comprised of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tetralysine (K4), with a heparin decamer (dp10) acting as a noncovalent coupler. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry was used to assess binding affinities and complex stoichiometries as a function of ionic strength for dp10·K4 and FGF·dp10. The ionic strength dependence of K4·dp10 formation is qualitatively consistent with binding driven by the release of condensed counterions previously suggested for native heparin with divalent oligopeptides (Mascotti, D. P.; Lohman, T. M. Biochemistry 1995, 34, 2908-2915). On the other hand, FGF binding displays more complex ionic strength dependence, with higher salt resistance. Remarkably, dp10 that can bind two FGF molecules can only bind one tetralysine. The limited binding of K4 to dp10 suggests that the tetralysine might not block growth factor binding, and the 1:1:1 ternary complex is indeed observed. The analysis of mass distribution of the bound dp10 chains in FGF·dp10, FGF2·dp10, and FGF·dp10·K4 complexes indicated that higher degrees of dp10 sulfation promote the formation of FGF2·dp10 and FGF·dp10·K4. Thus, the selectivity of appropriately chosen short heparin chains could be used to modulate growth factor sequestration and release in a way not feasible with heterogeneous native heparin. In support of this, human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HEP3Bs) treated with FGF·dp10·K4 were found to exhibit biological activity similar to cells treated with FGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Baykal Minsky
- Departments of †Chemistry and ‡Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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36
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Wang S, Chen K, Kayitmazer AB, Li L, Guo X. Tunable adsorption of bovine serum albumin by annealed cationic spherical polyelectrolyte brushes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 107:251-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Wang S, Chen K, Li L, Guo X. Binding between Proteins and Cationic Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Stoichiometry. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:818-27. [DOI: 10.1021/bm301865g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaimin Chen
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
- Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State Key
Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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38
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Strong and Weak Polyelectrolyte Adsorption onto Oppositely Charged Curved Surfaces. POLYELECTROLYTE COMPLEXES IN THE DISPERSED AND SOLID STATE I 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2012_183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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39
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Mosier PD, Krishnasamy C, Kellogg GE, Desai UR. On the specificity of heparin/heparan sulfate binding to proteins. Anion-binding sites on antithrombin and thrombin are fundamentally different. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48632. [PMID: 23152789 PMCID: PMC3495972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The antithrombin–heparin/heparan sulfate (H/HS) and thrombin–H/HS interactions are recognized as prototypic specific and non-specific glycosaminoglycan (GAG)–protein interactions, respectively. The fundamental structural basis for the origin of specificity, or lack thereof, in these interactions remains unclear. The availability of multiple co-crystal structures facilitates a structural analysis that challenges the long-held belief that the GAG binding sites in antithrombin and thrombin are essentially similar with high solvent exposure and shallow surface characteristics. Methodology Analyses of solvent accessibility and exposed surface areas, gyrational mobility, symmetry, cavity shape/size, conserved water molecules and crystallographic parameters were performed for 12 X-ray structures, which include 12 thrombin and 16 antithrombin chains. Novel calculations are described for gyrational mobility and prediction of water loci and conservation. Results The solvent accessibilities and gyrational mobilities of arginines and lysines in the binding sites of the two proteins reveal sharp contrasts. The distribution of positive charges shows considerable asymmetry in antithrombin, but substantial symmetry for thrombin. Cavity analyses suggest the presence of a reasonably sized bifurcated cavity in antithrombin that facilitates a firm ‘hand-shake’ with H/HS, but with thrombin, a weaker ‘high-five’. Tightly bound water molecules were predicted to be localized in the pentasaccharide binding pocket of antithrombin, but absent in thrombin. Together, these differences in the binding sites explain the major H/HS recognition characteristics of the two prototypic proteins, thus affording an explanation of the specificity of binding. This provides a foundation for understanding specificity of interaction at an atomic level, which will greatly aid the design of natural or synthetic H/HS sequences that target proteins in a specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Umesh R. Desai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Institute of Structural Biology and Drug Discovery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Cherstvy AG, Winkler RG. Polyelectrolyte adsorption onto oppositely charged interfaces: image-charge repulsion and surface curvature. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:9838-45. [PMID: 22794191 DOI: 10.1021/jp304980e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We analyze theoretically the influence of low-dielectric boundaries on the adsorption of flexible polyelectrolytes onto planar and spherical oppositely charged surfaces in electrolyte solutions. We rationalize to what extent polymer chains are depleted from adsorbing interfaces by repulsive image forces. We employ the WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) quantum mechanical method for the Green function of the Edwards equation to determine the adsorption equilibrium. Scaling relations are determined for the critical adsorption strength required to initiate polymer adsorption onto these low-dielectric supports. Image-force repulsion shifts the equilibrium toward the desorbed state, demanding larger surface charge densities and polyelectrolyte linear charge densities for the adsorption to take place. The effect is particularly pronounced for a planar interface in a low-salt regime, where a dramatic change in the scaling behavior for the adsorption-desorption transition is predicted. For the adsorbed state, polymers with higher charge densities are displaced further from the interface by image-charge repulsions. We discuss relevant experimental evidence and argue about possible biological applications of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Cherstvy
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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41
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Wernersson E, Heyda J, Kubíčková A, Křížek T, Coufal P, Jungwirth P. Counterion condensation in short cationic peptides: Limiting mobilities beyond the Onsager-Fuoss theory. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:981-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Heyda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Anna Kubíčková
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Coufal
- Charles University in Prague; Faculty of Science; Department of Analytical Chemistry; Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jungwirth
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, and Center for Biomolecules and Complex Molecular Systems; Prague; Czech Republic
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42
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Becker AL, Henzler K, Welsch N, Ballauff M, Borisov O. Proteins and polyelectrolytes: A charged relationship. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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43
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Cherstvy AG. Critical polyelectrolyte adsorption under confinement: planar slit, cylindrical pore, and spherical cavity. Biopolymers 2012; 97:311-7. [PMID: 22241107 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We explore the properties of adsorption of flexible polyelectrolyte chains in confined spaces between the oppositely charged surfaces in three basic geometries. A method of approximate uniformly valid solutions for the Green function equation for the eigenfunctions of polymer density distributions is developed to rationalize the critical adsorption conditions. The same approach was implemented in our recent study for the "inverse" problem of polyelectrolyte adsorption onto a planar surface, and on the outer surface of rod-like and spherical obstacles. For the three adsorption geometries investigated, the theory yields simple scaling relations for the minimal surface charge density that triggers the chain adsorption, as a function of the Debye screening length and surface curvature. The encapsulation of polyelectrolytes is governed by interplay of the electrostatic attraction energy toward the adsorbing surface and entropic repulsion of the chain squeezed into a thin slit or small cavities. Under the conditions of surface-mediated confinement, substantially larger polymer linear charge densities are required to adsorb a polyelectrolyte inside a charged spherical cavity, relative to a cylindrical pore and to a planar slit (at the same interfacial surface charge density). Possible biological implications are discussed briefly in the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Cherstvy
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Kizilay E, Kayitmazer AB, Dubin PL. Complexation and coacervation of polyelectrolytes with oppositely charged colloids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 167:24-37. [PMID: 21803318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte-colloid coacervation could be viewed as a sub-category of complex coacervation, but is unique in (1) retaining the structure and properties of the colloid, and (2) reducing the heterogeneity and configurational complexity of polyelectrolyte-polyelectrolyte (PE-PE) systems. Interest in protein-polyelectrolyte coacervates arises from preservation of biofunctionality; in addition, the geometric and charge isotropy of micelles allows for better comparison with theory, taking into account the central role of colloid charge density. In the context of these two systems, we describe critical conditions for complex formation and for coacervation with regard to colloid and polyelectrolyte charge densities, ionic strength, PE molecular weight (MW), and stoichiometry; and effects of temperature and shear, which are unique to the PE-micelle systems. The coacervation process is discussed in terms of theoretical treatments and models, as supported by experimental findings. We point out how soluble aggregates, subject to various equilibria and disproportionation effects, can self-assemble leading to heterogeneity in macroscopically homogeneous coacervates, on multiple length scales.
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Cherstvy AG, Winkler RG. Polyelectrolyte adsorption onto oppositely charged interfaces: unified approach for plane, cylinder, and sphere. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:11686-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20749k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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