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Sorrentino FS, Gardini L, Culiersi C, Fontana L, Musa M, D’Esposito F, Surico PL, Gagliano C, Zeppieri M. Nano-Based Drug Approaches to Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Instead of Standard Vitreoretinal Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8720. [PMID: 39201407 PMCID: PMC11354910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has traditionally been managed with vitreoretinal surgery. Although there have been several recent innovations in this surgery to make the retinal approach as uninvasive as possible, the outcomes remain unsatisfactory. Significant complications remain and the complexity of the surgical approach is challenging. The focus of this review was to investigate and discuss the effectiveness of nanomedicine, featuring a wide range of drugs and molecules, as a novel potential treatment for PVR. To date, ocular drug delivery remains a significant issue due to the physiological and anatomical barriers, dynamic or static, which prevent the entry of exogenous molecules. We tried to summarize the nanotechnology-based ophthalmic drugs and new nanoparticles currently under research, with the intention of tackling the onset and development of PVR. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly and analytically examine and assess the potential of nano-based techniques as innovative strategies to treat proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aimed to emphasize the breakthroughs in nanomedicine that provide promising therapeutic options to enhance the results of vitreoretinal surgery and halt disease progression, considering the complexity and difficulty of PVR treatment. The future directions of the nanoparticles and nanotherapies applied to PVR highlight the importance of investing in the development of better designs and novel ophthalmic formulations in order to accomplish a mini-invasive ocular approach, replacing the standard-of-care vitreoretinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gardini
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Maggiore, 40100 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.S.)
| | - Carola Culiersi
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Unit of Ophthalmology, Ospedale Maggiore, 40100 Bologna, Italy; (F.S.S.)
| | - Luigi Fontana
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Ophthalmology Unit, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Bologna, 40100 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mutali Musa
- Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City 300238, Edo State, Nigeria
- Africa Eye Laser Centre, Km 7, Benin 300105, Nigeria
| | - Fabiana D’Esposito
- Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group (ICORG) Unit, Imperial College, 153-173 Marylebone Rd., London NW15QH, UK
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Surico
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Campus Bio-Medico University, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Gagliano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Enna “Kore”, Piazza dell’Università, 94100 Enna, Italy
- Eye Clinic, Catania University, San Marco Hospital, Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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2
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Alharbi HM. Exploring the Frontier of Biopolymer-Assisted Drug Delivery: Advancements, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives in Cancer Nanomedicine. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:2063-2087. [PMID: 38882042 PMCID: PMC11178098 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s441325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The burgeoning global mortality rates attributed to cancer have precipitated a critical reassessment of conventional therapeutic modalities, most notably chemotherapy, due to their pronounced adverse effects. This reassessment has instigated a paradigmatic shift towards nanomedicine, with a particular emphasis on the potentialities of biopolymer-assisted drug delivery systems. Biopolymers, distinguished by their impeccable biocompatibility, versatility, and intrinsic biomimetic properties, are rapidly ascending as formidable vectors within the cancer theragnostic arena. This review endeavors to meticulously dissect the avant-garde methodologies central to biopolymer-based nanomedicine, exploring their synthesis, functional mechanisms, and subsequent clinical ramifications. A key focus of this analysis is the pioneering roles and efficacies of lipid-based, polysaccharide, and composite nano-carriers in enhancing drug delivery, notably amplifying the enhanced permeation and retention effect. This examination is further enriched by referencing flagship nano formulations that have received FDA endorsement, thereby underscoring the transformative potential and clinical viability of biopolymer-based nanomedicines. Furthermore, this discourse illuminates groundbreaking advancements in the realm of photodynamic therapy and elucidates the implications of advanced imaging techniques in live models. Conclusively, this review not only synthesizes current research trajectories but also delineates visionary pathways for the integration of cutting-edge biomaterials in cancer treatment. It charts a course for future explorations within the dynamic domain of biopolymer-nanomedicine, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding and enhanced application of these novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Yin X, Harmancey R, Frierson B, Wu JG, Moody MR, McPherson DD, Huang SL. Efficient Gene Editing for Heart Disease via ELIP-Based CRISPR Delivery System. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:343. [PMID: 38543237 PMCID: PMC10974117 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liposomes as carriers for CRISPR/Cas9 complexes represent an attractive approach for cardiovascular gene therapy. A critical barrier to this approach remains the efficient delivery of CRISPR-based genetic materials into cardiomyocytes. Echogenic liposomes (ELIP) containing a fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled decoy oligodeoxynucleotide against nuclear factor kappa B (ELIP-NF-κB-FITC) were used both in vitro on mouse neonatal ventricular myocytes and in vivo on rat hearts to assess gene delivery efficacy with or without ultrasound. In vitro analysis was then repeated with ELIP containing Cas9-sg-IL1RL1 (interleukin 1 receptor-like 1) RNA to determine the efficiency of gene knockdown. ELIP-NF-κB-FITC without ultrasound showed limited gene delivery in vitro and in vivo, but ultrasound combined with ELIP notably improved penetration into heart cells and tissues. When ELIP was used to deliver Cas9-sg-IL1RL1 RNA, gene editing was successful and enhanced by ultrasound. This innovative approach shows promise for heart disease gene therapy using CRISPR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Romain Harmancey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Brion Frierson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Jean G. Wu
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA;
| | - Melanie R. Moody
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
| | - David D. McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (R.H.); (B.F.); (M.R.M.); (D.D.M.)
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4
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Bhattacharya T, Preetam S, Ghosh B, Chakrabarti T, Chakrabarti P, Samal SK, Thorat N. Advancement in Biopolymer Assisted Cancer Theranostics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:3959-3983. [PMID: 37699558 PMCID: PMC10583232 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Applications of nanotechnology have increased the importance of research and nanocarriers, which have revolutionized the method of drug delivery to treat several diseases, including cancer, in the past few years. Cancer, one of the world's fatal diseases, has drawn scientists' attention for its multidrug resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs. To minimize the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents on healthy cells and to develop technological advancement in drug delivery systems, scientists have developed an alternative approach to delivering chemotherapeutic drugs at the targeted site by integrating it inside the nanocarriers like synthetic polymers, nanotubes, micelles, dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), lipid nanoparticles, nano-biopolymeric substances, etc., which has shown promising results in both preclinical and clinical trials of cancer management. Besides that, nanocarriers, especially biopolymeric nanoparticles, have received much attention from researchers due to their cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, treatment efficacy, and ability to target drug delivery by crossing the blood-brain barrier. This review emphasizes the fabrication processes, the therapeutic and theragnostic applications, and the importance of different biopolymeric nanocarriers in targeting cancer both in vitro and in vivo, which conclude with the challenges and opportunities of future exploration using biopolymeric nanocarriers in onco-therapy with improved availability and reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanima Bhattacharya
- Department
of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic
of Korea
- Nondestructive
Bio-Sensing Laboratory, Dept. of Biosystems Machinery Engineering,
College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Subham Preetam
- Centre
for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed
to be University), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
- Daegu
Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Basab Ghosh
- KIIT
School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute
of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Tulika Chakrabarti
- Department
of Chemistry, Sir Padampat Singhania University, Bhatewar, Udaipur 313601, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Shailesh Kumar Samal
- Section of
Immunology and Chronic Disease, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Nanasaheb Thorat
- Nuffield
Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, Medical Science
Division, John Radcliffe Hospital University
of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, Bernal Institute and Limerick Digital Cancer Research
Centre (LDCRC), University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick V94T9PX, Ireland
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5
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Mahaling B, Low SWY, Ch S, Addi UR, Ahmad B, Connor TB, Mohan RR, Biswas S, Chaurasia SS. Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2005. [PMID: 37514191 PMCID: PMC10383092 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases are one of the leading causes of blindness globally. The mainstay treatments for these blinding diseases are laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy, and repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or steroids. Unfortunately, these therapies are associated with ocular complications like inflammation, elevated intraocular pressure, retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and vitreous hemorrhage. Recent advances in nanomedicine seek to curtail these limitations, overcoming ocular barriers by developing non-invasive or minimally invasive delivery modalities. These modalities include delivering therapeutics to specific cellular targets in the retina, providing sustained delivery of drugs to avoid repeated intravitreal injections, and acting as a scaffold for neural tissue regeneration. These next-generation nanomedicine approaches could potentially revolutionize the treatment landscape of retinal diseases. This review describes the availability and limitations of current treatment strategies and highlights insights into the advancement of future approaches using next-generation nanomedicines to manage retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binapani Mahaling
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Shermaine W Y Low
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Sanjay Ch
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Utkarsh R Addi
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Baseer Ahmad
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Rajiv R Mohan
- One-Health One-Medicine Ophthalmology and Vision Research Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Swati Biswas
- Nanomedicine Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science-Pilani, Hyderabad 500078, India
| | - Shyam S Chaurasia
- Ocular Immunology and Angiogenesis Lab, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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6
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Chapla R, Huynh KT, Schutt CE. Microbubble–Nanoparticle Complexes for Ultrasound-Enhanced Cargo Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112396. [PMID: 36365214 PMCID: PMC9698658 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted delivery of therapeutics to specific tissues is critically important for reducing systemic toxicity and optimizing therapeutic efficacy, especially in the case of cytotoxic drugs. Many strategies currently exist for targeting systemically administered drugs, and ultrasound-controlled targeting is a rapidly advancing strategy for externally-stimulated drug delivery. In this non-invasive method, ultrasound waves penetrate through tissue and stimulate gas-filled microbubbles, resulting in bubble rupture and biophysical effects that power delivery of attached cargo to surrounding cells. Drug delivery capabilities from ultrasound-sensitive microbubbles are greatly expanded when nanocarrier particles are attached to the bubble surface, and cargo loading is determined by the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles. This review serves to highlight and discuss current microbubble–nanoparticle complex component materials and designs for ultrasound-mediated drug delivery. Nanocarriers that have been complexed with microbubbles for drug delivery include lipid-based, polymeric, lipid–polymer hybrid, protein, and inorganic nanoparticles. Several schemes exist for linking nanoparticles to microbubbles for efficient nanoparticle delivery, including biotin–avidin bridging, electrostatic bonding, and covalent linkages. When compared to unstimulated delivery, ultrasound-mediated cargo delivery enables enhanced cell uptake and accumulation of cargo in target organs and can result in improved therapeutic outcomes. These ultrasound-responsive delivery complexes can also be designed to facilitate other methods of targeting, including bioactive targeting ligands and responsivity to light or magnetic fields, and multi-level targeting can enhance therapeutic efficacy. Microbubble–nanoparticle complexes present a versatile platform for controlled drug delivery via ultrasound, allowing for enhanced tissue penetration and minimally invasive therapy. Future perspectives for application of this platform are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Chapla
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Carolyn E. Schutt
- Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Wang R, Zhang L, Xie M, Wang L, Jin Q, Chen Y, Xie Y, He M, Zhu Y, Xu L, Han Z, Chen D. Biogenic Gas Vesicles for Ultrasound Imaging and Targeted Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:1316-1330. [PMID: 34225604 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210705145642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is not only the most widely used medical imaging mode for diagnostics owing to its real-time, non-radiation, portable, and low-cost merits, but also a promising targeted drug/gene delivery technique by exhibiting a series of powerful bioeffects. The development of micron-sized or nanometer-sized ultrasound agents or delivery carriers further makes ultrasound a distinctive modality in accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. In this review, we introduce one kind of unique biogenic gas-filled protein nanostructures called gas vesicles, presenting some unique characteristics than the conventional microbubbles. Gas vesicles can not only serve as ultrasound contrast agents with innovative imaging methods such as cross-amplitude modulation harmonic imaging but also can further be adjusted and optimized via genetic engineering techniques. Moreover, they could not only serve as acoustic gene reporters, acoustic biosensors to monitor the cell metabolism, but also serve as cavitation nuclei and drug carriers for therapeutic purposes. In this study, we focus on the latest development and applications in the area of ultrasound imaging and targeted therapeutics, and also provide a brief introduction of the corresponding mechanisms. In summary, these biogenic gas vesicles show some advantages over conventional MBs that deserve more efforts to promote their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lufang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiaofeng Jin
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuji Xie
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengrong He
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengyang Han
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Alam SB, Yang J, Bustillo KC, Ophus C, Ercius P, Zheng H, Chan EM. Hybrid nanocapsules for in situ TEM imaging of gas evolution reactions in confined liquids. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:18606-18615. [PMID: 32970077 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr05281g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the direct observation of dynamic physical and chemical processes in liquids at the nanoscale. Quantitative investigations into reactions with fast kinetics and/or multiple reagents will benefit from further advances in liquid cell design that facilitate rapid in situ mixing and precise control over reagent volumes and concentrations. This work reports the development of inorganic-organic nanocapsules for high-resolution TEM imaging of nanoscale reactions in liquids with well-defined zeptoliter volumes. These hybrid nanocapsules, with 48 nm average diameter, consist of a thin layer of gold coating a lipid vesicle. As a model reaction, the nucleation, growth, and diffusion of nanobubbles generated by the radiolysis of water is investigated inside the nanocapsules. When the nanobubbles are sufficiently small (10-25 nm diameter), they are mobile in the nanocapsules, but their movement deviates from Brownian motion, which may result from geometric confinement by the nanocapsules. Gases and fluids can be transported between two nanocapsules when they fuse, demonstrating in situ mixing without using complex microfluidic schemes. The ability to synthesize nanocapsules with controlled sizes and to monitor dynamics simultaneously inside multiple nanocapsules provides opportunities to investigate nanoscale processes such as single nanoparticle synthesis in confined volumes and biological processes such as biomineralization and membrane dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar B Alam
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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9
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Osborn J, Pullan JE, Froberg J, Shreffler J, Gange KN, Molden T, Choi Y, Brooks A, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Echogenic Exosomes as ultrasound contrast agents. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3411-3422. [PMID: 36034734 PMCID: PMC9410358 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00339e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally secreted extracellular bilayer vesicles (diameter 40-130 nm), which have recently been found to play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication and biomolecule delivery. Their unique characteristics-stability, permeability, biocompatibility and low immunogenicity-have made them a prime candidate for use in delivering cancer therapeutics and other natural products. Here we present the first ever report of echogenic exosomes, which combine the benefits of the acoustic responsiveness of traditional microbubbles with the non-immunogenic and small-size morphology of exosomes. Microbubbles, although effective as ultrasound contrast agents, are restricted to intravascular usage due to their large size. In the current study, we have rendered bovine milk-derived exosomes echogenic by freeze drying them in the presence of mannitol. Ultrasound imaging and direct measurement of linear and nonlinear scattered responses were used to investigate the echogenicity and stability of the prepared exosomes. A commercial scanner registered enhancement (28.9% at 40 MHz) in the brightness of ultrasound images in presence of echogenic exosomes at 5 mg/mL. The exosomes also showed significant linear and nonlinear scattered responses-11 dB enhancement in fundamental, 8.5 dB in subharmonic and 3.5 dB in second harmonic all at 40 μg/mL concentration. Echogenic exosomes injected into the tail vein of mice and the synovial fluid of rats resulted in significantly higher brightness-as much as 300%-of the ultrasound images, showing their promise in a variety of in vivo applications. The echogenic exosomes, with their large-scale extractability from bovine milk, lack of toxicity and minimal immunogenic response, successfully served as ultrasound contrast agents in this study and offer an exciting possibility to act as an effective ultrasound responsive drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Osborn
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA
| | - Jessica E. Pullan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - James Froberg
- Physics, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Jacob Shreffler
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Kara N. Gange
- Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Todd Molden
- Animal Science, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Yongki Choi
- Physics, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Amanda Brooks
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State UniversityFargoND 58105USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052USA
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10
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Habibi N, Quevedo DF, Gregory JV, Lahann J. Emerging methods in therapeutics using multifunctional nanoparticles. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 12:e1625. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Habibi
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Daniel F. Quevedo
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jason V. Gregory
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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11
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Karandish F, Mamnoon B, Feng L, Haldar MK, Xia L, Gange KN, You S, Choi Y, Sarkar K, Mallik S. Nucleus-Targeted, Echogenic Polymersomes for Delivering a Cancer Stemness Inhibitor to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:4122-4132. [PMID: 30169024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents for treating cancers show considerable side effects, toxicity, and drug resistance. To mitigate the problems, we designed nucleus-targeted, echogenic, stimuli-responsive polymeric vesicles (polymersomes) to transport and subsequently release the encapsulated anticancer drugs within the nuclei of pancreatic cancer cells. We synthesized an alkyne-dexamethasone derivative and conjugated it to N3-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-polylactic acid (PLA) copolymer employing the Cu2+ catalyzed "Click" reaction. We prepared polymersomes from the dexamethasone-PEG-PLA conjugate along with a synthesized stimuli-responsive polymer PEG-S-S-PLA. The dexamethasone group dilates the nuclear pore complexes and transports the vesicles to the nuclei. We designed the polymersomes to release the encapsulated drugs in the presence of a high concentration of reducing agents in the nuclei of pancreatic cancer cells. We observed that the nucleus-targeted, stimuli-responsive polymersomes released 70% of encapsulated contents in the nucleus-mimicking environment in 80 min. We encapsulated the cancer stemness inhibitor BBI608 in the vesicles and observed that the BBI608 encapsulated polymersomes reduced the viability of the BxPC3 cells to 43% in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. The polymersomes were prepared following a special protocol so that they scatter ultrasound, allowing imaging by a medical ultrasound scanner. Therefore, these echogenic, targeted, stimuli-responsive, and drug-encapsulated polymersomes have the potential for trackable, targeted carrier of chemotherapeutic drugs to cancer cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lang Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
| | | | | | | | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , The George Washington University , Washington, D.C. 20052 , United States
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12
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Xia L, Karandish F, Kumar KN, Froberg J, Kulkarni P, Gange KN, Choi Y, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Acoustic Characterization of Echogenic Polymersomes Prepared From Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:447-457. [PMID: 29229268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Polymersomes are a class of artificial vesicles prepared from amphiphilic polymers. Like lipid vesicles (liposomes), they too can encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules in the aqueous core and the hydrophobic bilayer respectively, but are more stable than liposomes. Although echogenic liposomes have been widely investigated for simultaneous ultrasound imaging and controlled drug delivery, the potential of the polymersomes remains unexplored. We prepared two different echogenic polymersomes from the amphiphilic copolymers polyethylene glycol-poly-DL-lactic acid (PEG-PLA) and polyethylene glycol-poly-L-lactic acid (PEG-PLLA), incorporating multiple freeze-dry cycles in the synthesis protocol to ensure their echogenicity. We investigated acoustic behavior with potential applications in biomedical imaging. We characterized the polymeric vesicles acoustically with three different excitation frequencies of 2.25, 5 and 10 MHz at 500 kPa. The polymersomes exhibited strong echogenicity at all three excitation frequencies (about 50- and 25-dB enhancements in fundamental and subharmonic, respectively, at 5-MHz excitation from 20 µg/mL polymers in solution). Unlike echogenic liposomes, they emitted strong subharmonic responses. The scattering results indicated their potential as contrast agents, which was also confirmed by clinical ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Fataneh Karandish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Krishna Nandan Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - James Froberg
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Prajakta Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kara N Gange
- Department of Health, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
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13
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Zangabad PS, Mirkiani S, Shahsavari S, Masoudi B, Masroor M, Hamed H, Jafari Z, Taghipour YD, Hashemi H, Karimi M, Hamblin MR. Stimulus-responsive liposomes as smart nanoplatforms for drug delivery applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 7:95-122. [PMID: 29404233 PMCID: PMC5796673 DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2017-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are known to be promising nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery applications. Among different types of self-assembled NPs, liposomes stand out for their non-toxic nature, and their possession of dual hydrophilic-hydrophobic domains. Advantages of liposomes include the ability to solubilize hydrophobic drugs, the ability to incorporate different hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs at the same time, lessening the exposure of host organs to potentially toxic drugs and allowing modification of the surface by a variety of different chemical groups. This modification of the surface, or of the individual constituents, may be used to achieve two important goals. Firstly, ligands for active targeting can be attached that are recognized by cognate receptors over-expressed on the target cells of tissues. Secondly, modification can be used to impart a stimulus-responsive or "smart" character to the liposomes, whereby the cargo is released on demand only when certain internal stimuli (pH, reducing agents, specific enzymes) or external stimuli (light, magnetic field or ultrasound) are present. Here, we review the field of smart liposomes for drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Sahandi Zangabad
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Science (TUOMS), Tabriz, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bio-Nano Interfaces: Convergence of Sciences (BNICS), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanomedicine Research Association (NRA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroush Mirkiani
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Bioceramics and Implants Laboratory, Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 1439955941, Iran
| | - Shayan Shahsavari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nanoclub Elites Association, Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council Tehran, Iran
- Mataab Company, Biotechnology Incubator, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Behrad Masoudi
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Masroor
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Hamed
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department – Sharif University of Technology – Tehran – Iran
| | - Zahra Jafari
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Science, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran
| | - Yasamin Davatgaran Taghipour
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of medical nanotechnology, school of advanced technologies in medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hura Hashemi
- Advanced Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine Research Group (ANNRG), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box 14155-6451, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Karimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, USA
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14
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Kumar KN, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Role of freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol on the echogenicity of echogenic liposomes. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2017; 142:3670. [PMID: 29289081 PMCID: PMC5736393 DOI: 10.1121/1.5017607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIPs) are an excellent candidate for ultrasound activated therapeutics and imaging. Although multiple experiments have established their echogenicity, the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. However, freeze-drying in the presence of mannitol during ELIP preparation has proved critical to ensuring echogenicity. Here, the role of this key component in the preparation protocol was investigated by measuring scattering from freshly prepared freeze-dried aqueous solution of mannitol-and a number of other excipients commonly used in lyophilization-directly dispersed in water without any lipids in the experiment. Mannitol, meso-erythritol, glycine, and glucose that form a highly porous crystalline phase upon freeze-drying generated bubbles resulting in strong echoes during their dissolution. On the other hand, sucrose, trehalose, and xylitol, which become glassy while freeze-dried, did not. Freeze-dried mannitol and other crystalline substances, if thawed before being introduced into the scattering volume, did not produce echogenicity, as they lost their crystallinity in the thawed state. The echogenicity disappeared in a degassed environment. Higher amounts of sugar in the original aqueous solution before freeze-drying resulted in higher echogenicity because of the stronger supersaturation and crystallinity. The bubbles created by the freeze-dried mannitol in the ELIP formulation play a critical role in making ELIPs echogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58102, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
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15
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Wan WL, Chung MF, Shih PC, Sung HW. Response to Comment on "A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO 2 Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing and Cell Necrosis". Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11690-11692. [PMID: 28815902 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Fan Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Chien Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan ROC
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16
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Wan WL, Chung MF, Shih PC, Sung HW. Response to Comment on “A Liposomal System Capable of Generating CO 2Bubbles to Induce Transient Cavitation, Lysosomal Rupturing and Cell Necrosis”. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201706509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Wan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Min-Fan Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Po-Chien Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering; National Tsing Hua University; Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan ROC
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17
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Brohi RD, Wang L, Talpur HS, Wu D, Khan FA, Bhattarai D, Rehman ZU, Farmanullah F, Huo LJ. Toxicity of Nanoparticles on the Reproductive System in Animal Models: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:606. [PMID: 28928662 PMCID: PMC5591883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, nanotechnologies demonstrated various applications in different fields, including detection, sensing, catalysis, electronics, and biomedical sciences. However, public concerns regarding the well-being of human may hinder the wide utilization of this promising innovation. Although, humans are exposed to airborne nanosized particles from an early age, exposure to such particles has risen dramatically within the last century due to anthropogenic sources of nanoparticles. The wide application of nanomaterials in industry, consumer products, and medicine has raised concerns regarding the potential toxicity of nanoparticles in humans. In this review, the effects of nanomaterials on the reproductive system in animal models are discussed. Females are particularly more vulnerable to nanoparticle toxicity, and toxicity in this population may affect reproductivity and fetal development. Moreover, various types of nanoparticles have negative impacts on male germ cells, fetal development, and the female reproductive system. These impacts are associated with nanoparticle modification, composition, concentration, route of administration, and the species of the animal. Therefore, understanding the impacts of nanoparticles on animal growth and reproduction is essential. Many studies have examined the effects of nanoparticles on primary and secondary target organs, with a concentration on the in vivo and in vitro effects of nanoparticles on the male and female reproductive systems at the clinical, cellular, and molecular levels. This review provides important information regarding organism safety and the potential hazards of nanoparticle use and supports the application of nanotechnologies by minimizing the adverse effects of nanoparticles in vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Dad Brohi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Hira Sajjad Talpur
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Dinesh Bhattarai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Zia-Ur Rehman
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - F Farmanullah
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Huo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China.,Department of Hubei Province's Engineering Research Center in Buffalo Breeding and Products, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan, China
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18
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Güvener N, Appold L, de Lorenzi F, Golombek SK, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Recent advances in ultrasound-based diagnosis and therapy with micro- and nanometer-sized formulations. Methods 2017; 130:4-13. [PMID: 28552267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used imaging methods in the clinic. The broad spectrum of its applications can be increased by the use of gas-filled microbubbles (MB) as ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). In recent years, also nanoscale UCA like nanobubbles (NB), echogenic liposomes (ELIP) and nanodroplets have been developed, which in contrast to MB, are able to extravasate from the vessels into the tissue. New disease-specific UCA have been designed for the assessment of tissue biomarkers and advanced US to a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, specific binding moieties were coupled to the UCA surface. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and P-/E-selectin are prominent examples of molecular US targets to visualize tumor blood vessels and inflammatory diseases, respectively. Besides their application in contrast-enhanced imaging, MB can also be employed for drug delivery to tumors and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the development of micro- and nanoscaled UCA and highlights recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which are ready for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Güvener
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Federica de Lorenzi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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19
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Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Davis TP. Glutathione responsive polymers and their application in drug delivery systems. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Materials which respond to biological cues are the subject of intense research interest due to their possible application in smart drug delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Michael R. Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science & Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
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20
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Kumar KN, Sarkar K. Interfacial Rheological Properties of Contrast Microbubble Targestar P as a Function of Ambient Pressure. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:1010-1017. [PMID: 26777069 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this Technical Note, we determine the interfacial rheological parameters of the encapsulation of the contrast agent Targestar P using ultrasound attenuation. The characteristic parameters are obtained according to two interfacial rheological models. The properties-surface dilatational elasticity (0.09 ± 0.01 N/m) and surface dilatational viscosity (8 ± 0.1E-9 N·s/m)-are found to be of similar magnitude for both models. Contrast microbubbles experience different ambient pressure in different organs. We also measure these parameters as functions of ambient pressure using attenuation measured at different overpressures (0, 100 and 200 mm Hg). For each value of ambient hydrostatic pressure, we determine the rheological properties, accounting for changes in the size distribution caused by the pressure change. We discuss different models of size distribution change under overpressure: pure adiabatic compression or gas exchange with surrounding medium. The dilatational surface elasticity and viscosity are found to increase with increasing ambient pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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21
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Anajafi T, Scott MD, You S, Yang X, Choi Y, Qian SY, Mallik S. Acridine Orange Conjugated Polymersomes for Simultaneous Nuclear Delivery of Gemcitabine and Doxorubicin to Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:762-71. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Anajafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Michael D. Scott
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Seungyong You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Yongki Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, and ‡Department of Physics, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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22
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Kumar KN, Sarkar K. Effects of ambient hydrostatic pressure on the material properties of the encapsulation of an ultrasound contrast microbubble. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:624-634. [PMID: 26328681 DOI: 10.1121/1.4923364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast microbubbles experience widely varying ambient blood pressure in different organs, which can also change due to diseases. Pressure change can alter the material properties of the encapsulation of these microbubbles. Here the characteristic rheological parameters of contrast agent Definity are determined by varying the ambient pressure (in a physiologically relevant range 0-200 mm Hg). Four different interfacial rheological models are used to characterize the microbubbles. Effects of gas diffusion under excess ambient pressure are investigated in detail accounting for size decrease of contrast microbubbles. Definity contrast agent show a change in their interfacial dilatational viscosity (3.6 × 10(-8) Ns/m at 0 mm Hg to 4.45 × 10(-8) Ns/m at 200 mm Hg) and interfacial dilatational elasticity (0.86 N/m at 0 mm Hg to 1.06 N/m at 200 mm Hg) with ambient pressure increase. The increase results from material consolidation, similar to such enhancement in bulk properties under pressure. The model that accounts for enhancement in material properties with increasing ambient pressure matches with experimentally measured subharmonic response as a function of ambient pressure, while assuming constant material parameters does not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna N Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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23
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Lale SV, Kumar A, Prasad S, Bharti AC, Koul V. Folic Acid and Trastuzumab Functionalized Redox Responsive Polymersomes for Intracellular Doxorubicin Delivery in Breast Cancer. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1736-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu V. Lale
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shyam Prasad
- Division
of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida 201301, India
| | - Alok C. Bharti
- Division
of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, Noida 201301, India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre
for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Biomedical
Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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24
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Kumar A, Lale SV, Mahajan S, Choudhary V, Koul V. ROP and ATRP Fabricated Dual Targeted Redox Sensitive Polymersomes Based on pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA Triblock Copolymers for Breast Cancer Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9211-9227. [PMID: 25838044 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To minimize cardiotoxicity and to increase the bioavailability of doxorubicin, polymersomes based on redox sensitive amphiphilic triblock copolymer poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate)-poly(caprolactone)-s-s-poly(caprolactone)-poly(polyethylene glycol methacrylate) (pPEGMA-PCL-ss-PCL-pPEGMA) with disulfide linkage were designed and developed. The polymers were synthesized by ring opening polymerization (ROP) of ε-caprolactone followed by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of PEGMA. The triblock copolymers demonstrated various types of nanoparticle morphologies by varying hydrophobic/hydrophilic content of polymer blocks, with PEGMA content of ∼18% in the triblock copolymer leading to the formation of polymersomes in the size range ∼150 nm. High doxorubicin loading content of ∼21% was achieved in the polymersomes. Disulfide linkages were incorporated in the polymeric backbone to facilitate degradation of the nanoparticles by the intracellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH), leading to intracellular drug release. Release studies showed ∼59% drug release in pH 5.5 in the presence of 10 mM GSH, whereas only ∼19% was released in pH 7.4. In cellular uptake studies, dual targeted polymersomes showed ∼22-fold increase in cellular uptake efficiency in breast cancer cell lines (BT474 and MCF-7) as compared to nontargeted polymersomes with higher apoptosis rates. In vivo studies on Ehrlich's ascites tumor (EAT) bearing Swiss albino mouse model showed ∼85% tumor regression as compared to free doxorubicin (∼42%) without any significant cardiotoxicity associated with doxorubicin. The results indicate enhanced antitumor efficacy of the redox sensitive biocompatible nanosystem and shows promise as a potential drug nanocarrier in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shantanu V Lale
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Shveta Mahajan
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
| | | | - Veena Koul
- §Biomedical Engineering Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, AIIMS, New Delhi 110029, India
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25
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Li S, Zhai S, Liu Y, Zhou H, Wu J, Jiao Q, Zhang B, Zhu H, Yan B. Experimental modulation and computational model of nano-hydrophobicity. Biomaterials 2015; 52:312-7. [PMID: 25818437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that nano-hydrophobicity, which governs the biological aggressiveness of nanoparticles, is determined by the outermost regions of surface ligands. We have also successfully modulated nano-hydrophobicity using systematic surface ligand modifications and built the first computational model of nano-hydrophobicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhuan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shumei Zhai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinmei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qing Jiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States; The Rutgers Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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26
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Ibañez IL, Notcovich C, Catalano PN, Bellino MG, Durán H. The redox-active nanomaterial toolbox for cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 2015; 359:9-19. [PMID: 25597786 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanomaterials science contributed in recent years to develop new devices and systems in the micro and nanoscale for improving the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Substantial evidences associate cancer cells and tumor microenvironment with reactive oxygen species (ROS), while conventional cancer treatments and particularly radiotherapy, are often mediated by ROS increase. However, the poor selectivity and the toxicity of these therapies encourage researchers to focus efforts in order to enhance delivery and to decrease side effects. Thus, the development of redox-active nanomaterials is an interesting approach to improve selectivity and outcome of cancer treatments. Herein, we describe an overview of recent advances in redox nanomaterials in the context of current and emerging strategies for cancer therapy based on ROS modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L Ibañez
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Cintia Notcovich
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paolo N Catalano
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín G Bellino
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hebe Durán
- Departamento de Micro y Nanotecnología, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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27
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Lale SV, Kumar A, Naz F, Bharti AC, Koul V. Multifunctional ATRP based pH responsive polymeric nanoparticles for improved doxorubicin chemotherapy in breast cancer by proton sponge effect/endo-lysosomal escape. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01698j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid and trastuzumab functionalized pH responsive polymeric nanoparticles for intracellular doxorubicin delivery in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu V. Lale
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
| | - Arun Kumar
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
| | - Farhat Naz
- Department of Pathology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi 110029
- India
| | - Alok C. Bharti
- Division of Molecular Oncology
- Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology
- Noida 201301
- India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
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28
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Kumar A, Lale SV, Naz F, Choudhary V, Koul V. Synthesis and biological evaluation of dual functionalized glutathione sensitive poly(ester-urethane) multiblock polymeric nanoparticles for cancer targeted drug delivery. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00898k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Dual targeted redox responsive doxorubicin loaded polymeric nanoparticles were prepared and evaluated for anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
| | - Shantanu V. Lale
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
| | - Farhat Naz
- Department of Pathology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS)
- New Delhi 110029
- India
| | - Veena Choudhary
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
| | - Veena Koul
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110016
- India
- Biomedical Engineering Unit
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29
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Nahire R, Hossain R, Patel R, Paul S, Meghnani V, Ambre AH, Gange KN, Katti KS, Leclerc E, Srivastava DK, Sarkar K, Mallik S. pH-triggered echogenicity and contents release from liposomes. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:4059-68. [PMID: 25271780 PMCID: PMC4224524 DOI: 10.1021/mp500186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Liposomes are representative lipid
nanoparticles widely used for
delivering anticancer drugs, DNA fragments, or siRNA to cancer cells.
Upon targeting, various internal and external triggers have been used
to increase the rate for contents release from the liposomes. Among
the internal triggers, decreased pH within the cellular lysosomes
has been successfully used to enhance the rate for releasing contents.
However, imparting pH sensitivity to liposomes requires the synthesis
of specialized lipids with structures that are substantially modified
at a reduced pH. Herein, we report an alternative strategy to render
liposomes pH sensitive by encapsulating a precursor which generates
gas bubbles in situ in response to acidic pH. The
disturbance created by the escaping gas bubbles leads to the rapid
release of the encapsulated contents from the liposomes. Atomic force
microscopic studies indicate that the liposomal structure is destroyed
at a reduced pH. The gas bubbles also render the liposomes echogenic,
allowing ultrasound imaging. To demonstrate the applicability of this
strategy, we have successfully targeted doxorubicin-encapsulated liposomes
to the pancreatic ductal carcinoma cells that overexpress the folate
receptor on the surface. In response to the decreased pH in the lysosomes,
the encapsulated anticancer drug is efficiently released. Contents
released from these liposomes are further enhanced by the application
of continuous wave ultrasound (1 MHz), resulting in substantially
reduced viability for the pancreatic cancer cells (14%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nahire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University , Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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30
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Multifunctional polymersomes for cytosolic delivery of gemcitabine and doxorubicin to cancer cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:6482-97. [PMID: 24797878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although liposomes are widely used as carriers of drugs and imaging agents, they suffer from a lack of stability and the slow release of the encapsulated contents at the targeted site. Polymersomes (vesicles of amphiphilic polymers) are considerably more stable compared to liposomes; however, they also demonstrate a slow release for the encapsulated contents, limiting their efficacy as a drug-delivery tool. As a solution, we prepared and characterized echogenic polymersomes, which are programmed to release the encapsulated drugs rapidly when incubated with cytosolic concentrations of glutathione. These vesicles encapsulated air bubbles inside and efficiently reflected diagnostic-frequency ultrasound. Folate-targeted polymersomes showed an enhanced uptake by breast and pancreatic-cancer cells in a monolayer as well as in three-dimensional spheroid cultures. Polymersomes encapsulated with the anticancer drugs gemcitabine and doxorubicin showed significant cytotoxicity to these cells. With further improvements, these vesicles hold the promise to serve as multifunctional nanocarriers, offering a triggered release as well as diagnostic ultrasound imaging.
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31
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Zhang Y, Bai Y, Jia J, Gao N, Li Y, Zhang R, Jiang G, Yan B. Perturbation of physiological systems by nanoparticles. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:3762-809. [PMID: 24647382 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is having a tremendous impact on our society. However, societal concerns about human safety under nanoparticle exposure may derail the broad application of this promising technology. Nanoparticles may enter the human body via various routes, including respiratory pathways, the digestive tract, skin contact, intravenous injection, and implantation. After absorption, nanoparticles are carried to distal organs by the bloodstream and the lymphatic system. During this process, they interact with biological molecules and perturb physiological systems. Although some ingested or absorbed nanoparticles are eliminated, others remain in the body for a long time. The human body is composed of multiple systems that work together to maintain physiological homeostasis. The unexpected invasion of these systems by nanoparticles disturbs normal cell signaling, impairs cell and organ functions, and may even cause pathological disorders. This review examines the comprehensive health risks of exposure to nanoparticles by discussing how nanoparticles perturb various physiological systems as revealed by animal studies. The potential toxicity of nanoparticles to each physiological system and the implications of disrupting the balance among systems are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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32
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Paul S, Nahire R, Mallik S, Sarkar K. Encapsulated microbubbles and echogenic liposomes for contrast ultrasound imaging and targeted drug delivery. COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS 2014; 53:413-435. [PMID: 26097272 PMCID: PMC4470369 DOI: 10.1007/s00466-013-0962-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Micron- to nanometer-sized ultrasound agents, like encapsulated microbubbles and echogenic liposomes, are being developed for diagnostic imaging and ultrasound mediated drug/gene delivery. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of the mathematical models of the acoustic behavior of ultrasound contrast microbubbles. We also present a review of the in vitro experimental characterization of the acoustic properties of microbubble based contrast agents undertaken in our laboratory. The hierarchical two-pronged approach of modeling contrast agents we developed is demonstrated for a lipid coated (Sonazoid™) and a polymer shelled (poly D-L-lactic acid) contrast microbubbles. The acoustic and drug release properties of the newly developed echogenic liposomes are discussed for their use as simultaneous imaging and drug/gene delivery agents. Although echogenicity is conclusively demonstrated in experiments, its physical mechanisms remain uncertain. Addressing questions raised here will accelerate further development and eventual clinical approval of these novel technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirshendu Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA
| | - Rahul Nahire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND 58108, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo ND 58108, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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