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Hazra RS, Kale N, Boyle C, Molina KB, D'Souza A, Aland G, Jiang L, Chaturvedi P, Ghosh S, Mallik S, Khandare J, Quadir M. Magnetically-activated, nanostructured cellulose for efficient capture of circulating tumor cells from the blood sample of head and neck cancer patients. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 323:121418. [PMID: 37940250 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
In this report, the relative efficiency of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and nanofibers (CNFs) to capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood sample of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients was evaluated. Detection and enumeration of CTCs are critical for monitoring cancer progression. Both types of nanostructured cellulose were chemically modified with Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) antibody and iron oxide nanoparticles. The EpCAM antibody facilitated the engagement of CTCs, promoting entrapment within the cellulose cage structure. Iron oxide nanoparticles, on the other hand, rendered the cages activatable via the use of a magnet for the capture and separation of entrapped CTCs. The efficiency of the network structures is shown in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients' blood samples. It was observed that the degree of chemical functionalization of hydroxyl groups located within the CNCs or CNFs with anti-EpCAM determined the efficiency of the system's interaction with CTCs. Further, our result indicated that inflexible scaffolds of nanocrystals interacted more efficiently with CTCs than that of the fibrous CNF scaffolds. Network structures derived from CNCs demonstrated comparable CTC capturing efficiency to commercial standard, OncoDiscover®. The output of the work will provide the chemical design principles of cellulosic materials intended for constructing affordable platforms for monitoring cancer progression in 'real time'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA; Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA
| | - Narendra Kale
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA
| | - Camden Boyle
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, One University Plaza, MS6825, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA
| | - Kayla B Molina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alain D'Souza
- Actorius Innovations and Research, Pune, India; Actorius Innovations and Research, Simi Valley, CA 93063, USA
| | - Gourishankar Aland
- Actorius Innovations and Research, Pune, India; Actorius Innovations and Research, Simi Valley, CA 93063, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Santaneel Ghosh
- Department of Engineering and Technology, Southeast Missouri State University, One University Plaza, MS6825, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Actorius Innovations and Research, Pune, India; School of Pharmacy, Dr. Vishwananth Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India; School of Consciousness, Dr. Vishwananth Karad MIT World Peace University, Pune 411038, India; Actorius Innovations and Research, Simi Valley, CA 93063, USA.
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, ND, USA.
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Mungra N, Biteghe FAN, Malindi Z, Huysamen AM, Karaan M, Hardcastle NS, Bunjun R, Chetty S, Naran K, Lang D, Richter W, Hunter R, Barth S. CSPG4 as a target for the specific killing of triple-negative breast cancer cells by a recombinant SNAP-tag-based antibody-auristatin F drug conjugate. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:12203-12225. [PMID: 37432459 PMCID: PMC10465649 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is phenotypic of breast tumors lacking expression of the estrogen receptor (ER), the progesterone receptor (PgR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). The paucity of well-defined molecular targets in TNBC, coupled with the increasing burden of breast cancer-related mortality, emphasizes the need to develop targeted diagnostics and therapeutics. While antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have emerged as revolutionary tools in the selective delivery of drugs to malignant cells, their widespread clinical use has been hampered by traditional strategies which often give rise to heterogeneous mixtures of ADC products. METHODS Utilizing SNAP-tag technology as a cutting-edge site-specific conjugation method, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4)-targeting ADC was engineered, encompassing a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) conjugated to auristatin F (AURIF) via a click chemistry strategy. RESULTS After showcasing the self-labeling potential of the SNAP-tag component, surface binding and internalization of the fluorescently labeled product were demonstrated on CSPG4-positive TNBC cell lines through confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The cell-killing ability of the novel AURIF-based recombinant ADC was illustrated by the induction of a 50% reduction in cell viability at nanomolar to micromolar concentrations on target cell lines. CONCLUSION This research underscores the applicability of SNAP-tag in the unambiguous generation of homogeneous and pharmaceutically relevant immunoconjugates that could potentially be instrumental in the management of a daunting disease like TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelakshi Mungra
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Centre for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Washington, 98101 USA
| | - Fleury A. N. Biteghe
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Zaria Malindi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Laser Research Centre, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| | - Allan M. Huysamen
- Department of Chemistry, PD Hahn Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Maryam Karaan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Natasha S. Hardcastle
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Rubina Bunjun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000 South Africa
| | - Krupa Naran
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Dirk Lang
- Division of Physiological Sciences, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | | | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, PD Hahn Building, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700 South Africa
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3
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Dreyer R, Pfukwa R, Barth S, Hunter R, Klumperman B. The Evolution of SNAP-Tag Labels. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:517-530. [PMID: 36607253 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The conjugation of proteins with synthetic molecules can be conducted in many different ways. In this Perspective, we focus on tag-based techniques and specifically on the SNAP-tag technology. The SNAP-tag technology makes use of a fusion protein between a protein of interest and an enzyme tag that enables the actual conjugation reaction. The SNAP-tag is based on the O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) enzyme and is optimized to react selectively with O6-benzylguanine (BG) substrates. BG-containing dye derivatives have frequently been used to introduce a fluorescent tag to a specific protein. We believe that the site-specific conjugation of polymers to proteins can significantly benefit from the SNAP-tag technology. Especially, polymers synthesized via reversible deactivation radical polymerization allow for the facile introduction of a BG end group to enable SNAP-tag conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Dreyer
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7935, South Africa
| | - Roger Hunter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Jafari M, Abolmaali SS, Borandeh S, Najafi H, Zareshahrabadi Z, Heidari R, Azarpira N, Zomorodian K, Tamaddon AM. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerol nanoarchitectures for Amphotericin B delivery in Candida infections. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 139:212996. [PMID: 35891600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.212996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although Amphotericin B (AMB) is considered the most effective anti-mycotic agent for treating Candida infections, its clinical use is limited due to its high toxicity. To address this issue, we developed cholesterol-based dendritic micelles of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), including cholesterol-cored HPG (Chol-HPG) and cholesterol end-capped HPG (HPG@Chol), for AMB delivery. The findings suggested that the presence of cholesterol moieties could control AMB loading and release properties. Dendritic micelles inhibited AMB hemolysis and cytotoxicity in HEK 293 and RAW 264.7 cell lines while increasing antifungal activity against C. albicans biofilm formation. Furthermore, significantly lower levels of renal and liver toxicity biomarkers compared to Fungizone® ensured AMB-incorporated dendritic micelle biosafety, which was confirmed by histopathological evaluations. Overall, the Chol-HPG and HPG@Chol dendritic micelles may be a viable alternative to commercially available AMB formulations as well as an effective delivery system for other poorly soluble antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Samira Sadat Abolmaali
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Borandeh
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Najafi
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Zahra Zareshahrabadi
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicines, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 713484-5794, Iran
| | - Reza Heidari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-allah Research Tower, Shiraz, PO Box 7193711351, Iran
| | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Department of Parasitology & Mycology, School of Medicines, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 713484-5794, Iran; Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 713484-5794, Iran.
| | - Ali Mohammad Tamaddon
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran; Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, PO Box 71345-1583, Iran.
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5
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Marin E, Tiwari N, Calderón M, Sarasua JR, Larrañaga A. Smart Layer-by-Layer Polymeric Microreactors: pH-Triggered Drug Release and Attenuation of Cellular Oxidative Stress as Prospective Combination Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18511-18524. [PMID: 33861060 PMCID: PMC9161222 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymer capsules fabricated via the layer-by-layer (LbL) approach have emerged as promising biomedical systems for the release of a wide variety of therapeutic agents, owing to their tunable and controllable structure and the possibility to include several functionalities in the polymeric membrane during the fabrication process. However, the limitation of the capsules with a single functionality to overcome the challenges involved in the treatment of complex pathologies denotes the need to develop multifunctional capsules capable of targeting several mediators and/or mechanisms. Oxidative stress is caused by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species [e.g., hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and superoxide anion radicals (•O2-)] in the cellular microenvironment and is a key modulator in the pathology of a broad range of inflammatory diseases. The disease microenvironment is also characterized by the presence of proinflammatory cytokines, increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases, and acidic pH, all of which could be exploited to trigger the release of therapeutic agents. In the present work, multifunctional capsules were fabricated via the LbL approach. Capsules were loaded with an antioxidant enzyme (catalase) and functionalized with a model drug (doxorubicin), which was conjugated to an amine-containing dendritic polyglycerol through a pH-responsive linker. These capsules efficiently scavenge H2O2 from solution, protecting cells from oxidative stress, and release the model drug in acidic microenvironments. Accordingly, in this work, a polymeric microplatform is presented as an unexplored combinatorial approach applicable for multiple targets of inflammatory diseases, in order to perform controlled spatiotemporal enzymatic reactions and drug release in response to biologically relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edurne Marin
- Department
of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty
of Engineering in Bilbao, University of
the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Neha Tiwari
- POLYMAT,
Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT,
Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- IKERBASQUE,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose-Ramon Sarasua
- Department
of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty
of Engineering in Bilbao, University of
the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aitor Larrañaga
- Department
of Mining-Metallurgy Engineering and Materials Science, POLYMAT, Faculty
of Engineering in Bilbao, University of
the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plaza Torres Quevedo 1, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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6
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Wang DD, Zhang XN. Advances in receptor modulation strategies for flexible, efficient, and enhanced antitumor efficacy. J Control Release 2021; 333:418-447. [PMID: 33812919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-sensitivity, effective transport, and precise delivery to tumor cells of nano drug delivery systems (NDDs) have been great challenges to cancer therapy in recent years. The conventional targeting approach involves actively installing the corresponding ligand on the nanocarriers, which is prone to recognize the antigen blasts overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. However, there are some probable limitations for the active tumor-targeting systems in vivo as follows: a. the limited ligand amount of modifications; b. possible steric hindrance, which was likely to prevent ligand-receptor interaction during the delivery process. c. the restrained antigen saturation highly expressed on the cell membrane, will definitely decrease the specificity and often lead to "off-target" effects of NDDs; and d. water insolubility of nanocarriers due to excess of ligands modification. Obviously, any regulation of receptors on surface of tumor cells exerted an important influence on the delivery of targeting systems. Herein, receptor upregulation was mostly desired for enhancing targeted therapy from the cellular level. This technique with the amplification of receptors has the potential to enhance tumor sensitivity towards corresponding ligand-modified nanoparticles, and thereby increasing the effective therapeutic concentration as well as improving the efficacy of chemotherapy. The enhancement of positively expressed receptors on tumor cells and receptor-dependent therapeutic agents or NDDs with an assembled "self-promoting" effect contributes to increasing cell sensitivity to NPs, and will provide a basic platform for clinical therapeutic practice. In this review, we highlight the significance of modulating various receptors on different types of cancer cells for drug delivery and therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Nong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Grigoletto A, Tedeschini T, Canato E, Pasut G. The evolution of polymer conjugation and drug targeting for the delivery of proteins and bioactive molecules. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1689. [PMID: 33314717 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymer conjugation can be considered one of the leading approaches within the vast field of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. In fact, such technology can be exploited for delivering an active molecule, such as a small drug, a protein, or genetic material, or it can be applied to other drug delivery systems as a strategy to improve their in vivo behavior or pharmacokinetic activities such as prolonging the half-life of a drug, conferring stealth properties, providing external stimuli responsiveness, and so on. If on the one hand, polymer conjugation with biotech drug is considered the linchpin of the protein delivery field boasting several products in clinical use, on the other, despite dedicated research, conjugation with low molecular weight drugs has not yet achieved the milestone of the first clinical approval. Some of the primary reasons for this debacle are the difficulties connected to achieving selective targeting to diseased tissue, organs, or cells, which is the main goal not only of polymer conjugation but of all delivery systems of small drugs. In light of the need to achieve better drug targeting, researchers are striving to identify more sophisticated, biocompatible delivery approaches and to open new horizons for drug targeting methodologies leading to successful clinical applications. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Toxicology and Regulatory Issues in Nanomedicine > Regulatory and Policy Issues in Nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Grigoletto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Tedeschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Canato
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pasut
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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8
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Rahman M, Alrobaian M, Almalki WH, Mahnashi MH, Alyami BA, Alqarni AO, Alqahtani YS, Alharbi KS, Alghamdi S, Panda SK, Fransis A, Hafeez A, Beg S. Superbranched polyglycerol nanostructures as drug delivery and theranostics tools for cancer treatment. Drug Discov Today 2020; 26:1006-1017. [PMID: 33217598 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched polymers (HBPs), such as hyperbranched polyglycerols (HPGs) with a dendritic configuration, have been recognized for their excellent biocompatibility and multifunctionalization. HPGs have been studied for use in the delivery diagnostic, imaging and therapeutic molecules in the area of nanobiomedicine. They show superior characteristics to linear polymers and dendrimers, such as compact structure, a simple manufacturing process with easy functionalization ability, low viscosity, and high stability. Owing to these advantages, HPGs are now considered promising carriers for drug delivery, diagnostics, imaging, and theranostics applications for cancer treatment. In this review, we also discuss safety aspects of HPG-based nanoformulations in various animal models and the clinical translation status of such polymers for real-time applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfoozur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shalom Institute of Health & Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad, India.
| | - Majed Alrobaian
- Department of Pharmaceutics & and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar A Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali O Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Alharbi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sunil Kumar Panda
- Research Director, Menovo Pharmaceuticals Research Lab, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | - Alberte Fransis
- Department of Biochemistry, Dezhou People's Hospital, Dezhou, China
| | - Abdul Hafeez
- Glocal School of Pharmacy, Glocal University, Mirzapur Pole, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Nanomedicine Research Lab, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
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Mannose-Decorated Dendritic Polyglycerol Nanocarriers Drive Antiparasitic Drugs To Leishmania infantum-Infected Macrophages. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12100915. [PMID: 32987800 PMCID: PMC7598597 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are hosts for intracellular pathogens involved in numerous diseases including leishmaniasis. They express surface receptors that may be exploited for specific drug-targeting. Recently, we developed a PEGylated dendritic polyglycerol-based conjugate (PG–PEG) that colocalizes with intracellular parasite. We hereby study the effect of surface decoration with mannose units on the conjugates’ targeting ability toward leishmania intracellular parasites. Murine and human macrophages were exposed to fluorescently labeled mannosylated PG–PEG and uptake was quantified by flow cytometry analysis. Nanocarriers bearing five mannose units showed the highest uptake, which varied between 30 and 88% in the population in human and murine macrophages, respectively. The uptake was found to be dependent on phagocytosis and pinocytosis (80%), as well as clathrin-mediated endocytosis (79%). Confocal microscopy showed that mannosylated PG–PEGs target acidic compartments in macrophages. In addition, when both murine and human macrophages were infected and treated, colocalization between parasites and mannosylated nanoconjugates was observed. Leishmania-infected bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) showed avidity by mannosylated PG–PEG whereas non-infected macrophages rarely accumulated conjugates. Moreover, the antileishmanial activity of Amphotericin B was kept upon conjugation to mannosylated PG–PEG through a pH-labile linker. This study demonstrates that leishmania infected macrophages are selectively targeted by mannosylated PEGylated dendritic conjugates.
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10
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Cheng YA, Wu TH, Wang YM, Cheng TL, Chen IJ, Lu YC, Chuang KH, Wang CK, Chen CY, Lin RA, Chen HJ, Liao TY, Liu ES, Chen FM. Humanized bispecific antibody (mPEG × HER2) rapidly confers PEGylated nanoparticles tumor specificity for multimodality imaging in breast cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:118. [PMID: 32854720 PMCID: PMC7457265 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Developing a universal strategy to improve the specificity and sensitivity of PEGylated nanoaparticles (PEG-NPs) for assisting in the diagnosis of tumors is important in multimodality imaging. Here, we developed the anti-methoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) bispecific antibody (BsAb; mPEG × HER2), which has dual specificity for mPEG and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), with a diverse array of PEG-NPs to confer nanoparticles with HER2 specificity and stronger intensity. Result We used a one-step formulation to rapidly modify the nanoprobes with mPEG × HER2 and optimized the modified ratio of BsAbs on several PEG-NPs (Lipo-DiR, SPIO, Qdot and AuNP). The αHER2/PEG-NPs could specifically target MCF7/HER2 cells (HER2++) but not MCF7/neo1 cells (HER2+/−). The αHER2/Lipo-DiR and αHER2/SPIO could enhance the sensitivity of untargeted PEG-NPs on MCF7/HER2 (HER2++). In in vivo imaging, αHER2/Lipo-DiR and αHER2/SPIO increased the specific targeting and enhanced PEG-NPs accumulation at 175% and 187% on 24 h, respectively, in HER2-overexpressing tumors. Conclusion mPEG × HER2, therefore, provided a simple one-step formulation to confer HER2-specific targeting and enhanced sensitivity and contrast intensity on HER2 positive tumors for multimodality imaging. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-An Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ho Wu
- Cardiovascular Division of Surgical Department, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, No.386, Dazhong 1st Rd, Zuoying Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001, University Road, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Lu Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Chen
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Chi Lu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsiang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, No.172-1, Sec. 2, Keelung Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kuang Wang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Imaging, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Rui-An Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - En-Shuo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, No.68, Jhonghua 3rd Rd, Cianjin District, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shin-Chuan 1st Road, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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11
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Pant K, Neuber C, Zarschler K, Wodtke J, Meister S, Haag R, Pietzsch J, Stephan H. Active Targeting of Dendritic Polyglycerols for Diagnostic Cancer Imaging. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905013. [PMID: 31880080 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Active tumor targeting involves the decoration of nanomaterials (NMs) with oncotropic vector biomolecules that selectively recognize certain antigens on malignant cells or in the tumor microenvironment. This strategy can facilitate intracellular uptake of NM through specific interactions such as receptor-mediated endocytosis and can lead to prolonged retention in the malignant tissues by preventing rapid efflux from the tumor. Here, the design of actively targeting, renally excretible bimodal dendritic polyglycerols (dPGs) for diagnostic cancer imaging is described. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) specifically binding to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are employed herein as targeting warheads owing to their small size and high affinity for their corresponding antigen. The dPGs equipped with EGFR-targeting feature are compared head-to-head with their nontargeting counterparts in terms of interaction with EGFR-overexpressing cells in vitro as well as accumulation at receptor-positive tumors in vivo. Experimental results reveal a higher specificity and preferential tumor accumulation for the α-EGFR dPGs, resulting from the introduction of active targeting capabilities on their backbone. These results highlight the potential for improving the tumor uptake properties of dPGs by strategic use of sdAb functionalization, which can ultimately prove useful to the development of ultrasmall NM with highly specific tumor accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritee Pant
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristof Zarschler
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Meister
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Organische Chemie, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
- School of Science, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, D-01328, Dresden, Germany
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12
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Jafari M, Abolmaali SS, Najafi H, Tamaddon AM. Hyperbranched polyglycerol nanostructures for anti-biofouling, multifunctional drug delivery, bioimaging and theranostic applications. Int J Pharm 2020; 576:118959. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Kalim M, Wang S, Liang K, Khan MSI, Zhan J. Engineered scPDL1-DM1 drug conjugate with improved in vitro analysis to target PD-L1 positive cancer cells and intracellular trafficking studies in cancer therapy. Genet Mol Biol 2020; 42:e20180391. [PMID: 31967634 PMCID: PMC7198028 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2018-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), precisely deliver a cytotoxic agent to
antigen-expressing tumor cells by using specific binding strategies of
antibodies. The ADC has shown the ability of potent bio-therapeutics development
but indefinite stoichiometric linkage and full-length antibody penetration
compromised the field of its advancement. Single chain variable fragments
convention instead of the full-length antibody may overcome the challenge of
rapid penetration and internalization. Programmed cell death ligand-1
interaction with PD-1 has recently revolutionized the field of immunotherapy. We
systematically designed scPDL1-DM1 drug conjugate by linking scFv-PD-L1 proteins
(scFv) with maytansinoids (DM1) cytotoxic agent through succinimidyl
trans-4-maleimidylmethyl cyclohexane-1- carboxylate (SMCC) linker. Binding
affinity was confirmed by immunocytochemistry, spectrophotometry and gel
electrophoresis analysis. The scPDL1-DM1 showed specific binding with PD-L1
positive tumor cells and retained in vitro anti-cell
proliferation activity. The intracellular trafficking of the drug was evaluated
in A549 cancer cell lines, and maximum trafficking was observed after two hours
of incubation. The generated drug can be utilized as a potent tool for
site-specific conjugation, predicting specificity in vitro
activities with extended range against PD-L1 positive cancer cells and can be
utilized for further in vivo testing and clinical therapeutics
development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kalim
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keying Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Iqbal Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinbiao Zhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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14
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One-step site-specific antibody fragment auto-conjugation using SNAP-tag technology. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:3101-3125. [DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0214-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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15
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Padayachee ER, Adeola HA, Van Wyk JC, Nsole Biteghe FA, Chetty S, Khumalo NP, Barth S. Applications of SNAP-tag technology in skin cancer therapy. Health Sci Rep 2019; 2:e103. [PMID: 30809593 PMCID: PMC6375544 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer treatment in the 21st century has seen immense advances in optical imaging and immunotherapy. Significant progress has been made in the bioengineering and production of immunoconjugates to achieve the goal of specifically targeting tumors. DISCUSSION In the 21st century, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) have been the focus of immunotherapeutic strategies in cancer. ADCs combine the unique targeting of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the cancer killing ability of cytotoxic drugs. However, due to random conjugation methods of drug to antibody, ADCs are associated with poor antigen specificity and low cytotoxicity, resulting in a drug to antibody ratio (DAR) >1. This means that the cytotoxic drugs in ADCs are conjugated randomly to antibodies, by cysteine or lysine residues. This generates heterogeneous ADC populations with 0 to 8 drugs per an antibody, each with distinct pharmacokinetic, efficacy, and toxicity properties. Additionally, heterogeneity is created not only by different antibody to ligand ratios but also by different sites of conjugation. Hence, much effort has been made to find and establish antibody conjugation strategies that enable us to better control stoichiometry and site-specificity. This includes utilizing protein self-labeling tags as fusion partners to the original protein. Site-specific conjugation is a significant characteristic of these engineered proteins. SNAP-tag is one such engineered self-labeling protein tag shown to have promising potential in cancer treatment. The SNAP-tag is fused to an antibody of choice and covalently reacts specifically in a 1:1 ratio with benzylguanine (BG) substrates, eg, fluorophores or photosensitizers, to target skin cancer. This makes SNAP-tag a versatile technique in optical imaging and photoimmunotherapy of skin cancer. CONCLUSION SNAP-tag technology has the potential to contribute greatly to a broad range of molecular oncological applications because it combines efficacious tumor targeting, minimized local and systemic toxicity, and noninvasive assessment of diagnostic/prognostic molecular biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Rebecca Padayachee
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Henry Ademola Adeola
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Jennifer Catherine Van Wyk
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Fleury Augustine Nsole Biteghe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Shivan Chetty
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Nonhlanhla Patience Khumalo
- The Hair and Skin Research Lab, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape Town and Groote Schuur HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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16
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Wollschlaeger C, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Cong X, Bräutigam K, Di Fiore S, Zeppernick F, Klockenbring T, Stickeler E, Barth S, Hussain AF. Simultaneous and Independent Dual Site-Specific Self-Labeling of Recombinant Antibodies. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3586-3594. [PMID: 30289242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based diagnostic and therapeutic reagents armed with effector molecules such as dyes and drugs offer hope in the battle against cancer. Several site-specific conjugation methods have been developed to equip antibodies with such effector molecules, but they tend to be expensive and involve multiple reaction steps. The conjugation of two different effector molecules to a single antibody also remains a major challenge. Here we describe a simple, controlled, and robust method for the dual site-specific conjugation of an antibody with two effector molecules in a single-pot reaction using the self-labeling SNAP and CLIP protein tags. We verified the principle of the method by labeling an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-specific single-chain antibody fragment (scFv-425) simultaneously with IRDye700 and Alexa-Fluor647. This dual-labeled antibody bound to EGFR+ ovarian cancer cell lines and tissue samples with high specificity, and its phototherapeutic efficacy was confirmed by the selective killing of EGFR+ cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Wollschlaeger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Forckenbeckstrasse 6 , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Giessen , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Klinikstrasse 33 , 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - Xiaojing Cong
- Institute of Chemistry - Nice, UMR 7272, CNRS - University Côte d'Azur , 06108 , Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein , Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160 , 23538 , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Forckenbeckstrasse 6 , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Giessen , Justus-Liebig-University Giessen , Klinikstrasse 33 , 35392 , Giessen , Germany
| | - Torsten Klockenbring
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development , Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , Forckenbeckstrasse 6 , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30 , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
| | | | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , University Hospital RWTH Aachen , Pauwelsstrasse 30 , 52074 , Aachen , Germany
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17
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Nagel G, Tschiche HR, Wedepohl S, Calderón M. Modular approach for theranostic polymer conjugates with activatable fluorescence: Impact of linker design on the stimuli-induced release of doxorubicin. J Control Release 2018; 285:200-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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18
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Vossen LI, Wedepohl S, Calderón M. A Facile, One-Pot, Surfactant-Free Nanoprecipitation Method for the Preparation of Nanogels from Polyglycerol⁻Drug Conjugates that Can Be Freely Assembled for Combination Therapy Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10040398. [PMID: 30966433 PMCID: PMC6415236 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A well-established strategy to treat drug resistance is the use of multiple therapeutics. Polymer-based drug delivery systems (DDS) can facilitate a simultaneous delivery of two or more drugs. In this study, we developed and synthesized a dendritic polyglycerol (PG) nanogel (NG) system that allows for free combination of different fixed ratios of active compound conjugates within a single NG particle. As a proof of concept, we synthesized NGs bearing the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PTX) in different ratios, as well as conjugated dye molecules. Our combination PG NGs were formed by simply mixing PG–drug/dye conjugates bearing free thiol groups with PG-acrylate in an inverse surfactant-free nanoprecipitation method. With this method we obtained PG-NGs in the size range of 110–165 nm with low polydispersity indices. Solubility of hydrophobic PTX was improved without the need for additional solubilizing agents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). Interestingly, we found that our NGs made from PG-DOX conjugates have a high quenching efficiency for DOX, which could be interesting for theranostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Vossen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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19
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Linhardt A, König M, Iturmendi A, Henke H, Brüggemann O, Teasdale I. Degradable, Dendritic Polyols on a Branched Polyphosphazene Backbone. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018; 57:3602-3609. [PMID: 29568158 PMCID: PMC5857928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis, and characterization of fully degradable, hybrid, star-branched dendritic polyols. First multiarmed polyphosphazenes were prepared as a star-branched scaffold which upon functionalization produced globular branched hydroxyl-functionalized polymers with over 1700 peripheral functional end groups. These polyols with unique branched architectures could be prepared with controlled molecular weights and relatively narrow dispersities. Furthermore, the polymers are shown to undergo hydrolytic degradation to low molecular weight degradation products, the rate of which could be controlled through postpolymerization functionalization of the phosphazene backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Linhardt
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Michael König
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Aitziber Iturmendi
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Helena Henke
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Oliver Brüggemann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Ian Teasdale
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Johannes
Kepler University Linz (JKU), Altenberger Straße 69, A-4040 Linz, Austria
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20
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Vossen LI, Markovsky E, Eldar-Boock A, Tschiche HR, Wedepohl S, Pisarevsky E, Satchi-Fainaro R, Calderón M. PEGylated dendritic polyglycerol conjugate targeting NCAM-expressing neuroblastoma: Limitations and challenges. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 14:1169-1179. [PMID: 29471169 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is found to be a stem-cell marker in several tumor types and its overexpression is known to correlate with increased metastatic capacity. To combine extravasation- and ligand-dependent targeting to NCAM overexpressing-cells in the tumor microenvironment, we developed a PEGylated NCAM-targeted dendritic polyglycerol (PG) conjugate. Here, we describe the synthesis, physico-chemical characterization and biological evaluation of a PG conjugate bearing the mitotic inhibitor paclitaxel (PTX) and an NCAM-targeting peptide (NTP). PG-NTP-PTX-PEG was evaluated for its ability to inhibit neuroblastoma progression in vitro and in vivo as compared to non-targeted derivatives and free drug. NCAM-targeted conjugate inhibited the migration of proliferating endothelial cells, suggesting it would be able to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. The targeting conjugate provided an improved binding and uptake on IMR-32 cells compared to non-targeted control. However, these results did not translate to our in vivo model on orthotopic neuroblastoma bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Isabel Vossen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ela Markovsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Harald Rune Tschiche
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Wedepohl
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany
| | - Evgeny Pisarevsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustrasse 3, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Amoury M, Bauerschlag D, Zeppernick F, von Felbert V, Berges N, Di Fiore S, Mintert I, Bleilevens A, Maass N, Bräutigam K, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Stickeler E, Barth S, Fischer R, Hussain AF. Photoimmunotheranostic agents for triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis and therapy that can be activated on demand. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54925-54936. [PMID: 27448975 PMCID: PMC5342391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous disease in which the tumors do not express estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PgR) or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Classical receptor-targeted therapies such as tamoxifen or trastuzumab are therefore unsuitable and combinations of surgery, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy are required. Photoimmunotheranostics is a minimally invasive approach in which antibodies deliver nontoxic photosensitizers that emit light to facilitate diagnosis and produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to induce apoptosis and/or necrosis in cancer cells. We developed a panel of photoimmunotheranostic agents against three TNBC-associated cell surface antigens. Antibodies against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) were conjugated to the highly potent near-infrared imaging agent/photosensitizer IRDye®700DX phthalocyanine using SNAP-tag technology achieving clear imaging in both breast cancer cell lines and human biopsies and highly potent phototherapeutic activity with IC50values of 62–165 nM against five different cell lines expressing different levels of EGFR, EpCAM and CSPG4. A combination of all three reagents increased the therapeutic activity against TNBC cells by up to 40%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Amoury
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Felix Zeppernick
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Verena von Felbert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nina Berges
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering, Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Isabell Mintert
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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22
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Ferber S, Tiram G, Sousa-Herves A, Eldar-Boock A, Krivitsky A, Scomparin A, Yeini E, Ofek P, Ben-Shushan D, Vossen LI, Licha K, Grossman R, Ram Z, Henkin J, Ruppin E, Auslander N, Haag R, Calderón M, Satchi-Fainaro R. Co-targeting the tumor endothelium and P-selectin-expressing glioblastoma cells leads to a remarkable therapeutic outcome. eLife 2017; 6:25281. [PMID: 28976305 PMCID: PMC5644959 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain tumor. Current standard-of-care results in a marginal therapeutic outcome, partly due to acquirement of resistance and insufficient blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration of chemotherapeutics. To circumvent these limitations, we conjugated the chemotherapy paclitaxel (PTX) to a dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) nanocarrier. dPGS is able to cross the BBB, bind to P/L-selectins and accumulate selectively in intracranial tumors. We show that dPGS has dual targeting properties, as we found that P-selectin is not only expressed on tumor endothelium but also on glioblastoma cells. We delivered dPGS-PTX in combination with a peptidomimetic of the anti-angiogenic protein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1 PM). This combination resulted in a remarkable synergistic anticancer effect on intracranial human and murine glioblastoma via induction of Fas and Fas-L, with no side effects compared to free PTX or temozolomide. This study shows that our unique therapeutic approach offers a viable alternative for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiran Ferber
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Tiram
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Sousa-Herves
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anat Eldar-Boock
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Adva Krivitsky
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Scomparin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eilam Yeini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Paula Ofek
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dikla Ben-Shushan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Laura Isabel Vossen
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rachel Grossman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Ram
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jack Henkin
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States
| | - Eytan Ruppin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Blavatnik School of Computer Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Noam Auslander
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, United States.,Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, United States
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronit Satchi-Fainaro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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23
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Padayachee ER, Biteghe FAN, Malindi Z, Bauerschlag D, Barth S. Human Antibody Fusion Proteins/Antibody Drug Conjugates in Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Transfus Med Hemother 2017; 44:303-310. [PMID: 29070975 DOI: 10.1159/000479979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable research efforts have been dedicated to understanding ovarian and breast cancer mechanisms, but there has been little progress translating the research into effective clinical applications. Hence, personalized/precision medicine has emerged because of its potential to improve the accuracy of tumor targeting and minimize toxicity to normal tissue. Targeted therapy in both breast and ovarian cancer has focused on antibodies, antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), and very recently the introduction of human antibody fusion proteins. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used in conjunction with chemotherapeutic drugs as a form of treatment but problems arise from a board expression of the target antigen in healthy tissues. Also, insufficient tumor penetration due to tight binding affinity and macromolecular size of mAbs compromise the efficacy of these ADCs. A more targeted approach is thus needed, and ADCs were designed to meet this need. However, in ADCs the method of conjugation of drug to antibody is >1, altering the structure of the drug which leads to off-target effects. Random conjugation also causes the drug to affect the pharmokinetics and biodistribution of the antibody and may cause nonspecific binding and internalization. Recombinant therapeutic proteins achieve controlled conjugation reactions and combine cytotoxicity and targeting in one molecule. They can also be engineered to extend half-life, stability and mechanism of action, and offer novel delivery routes. SNAP-tag fusion proteins are an example of a theranostic recombinant protein as they provide a unique antibody format to conjugate a variety of benzyl guanine modified labels, e.g. fluorophores and photosensitizers in a 1:1 stoichiometry. On the one hand, SNAP tag fusions can be used to optically image tumors when conjugated to a fluorophore, and on the other hand the recombinant proteins can induce necrosis/apoptosis in the tumor when conjugated to a photosensitizer upon exposure to a changeable wavelength of light. The dual nature of SNAP-tag fusions as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool reinforces its significant role in cancer treatment in an era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden R Padayachee
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fleury Augustin Nsole Biteghe
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zaria Malindi
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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24
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Pietersz GA, Wang X, Yap ML, Lim B, Peter K. Therapeutic targeting in nanomedicine: the future lies in recombinant antibodies. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:1873-1889. [PMID: 28703636 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique chemical and functional properties of nanoparticles can be harnessed for the delivery of large quantities of various therapeutic biomolecules. Active targeting of nanoparticles by conjugating ligands that bind to target cells strongly facilitates accumulation, internalization into target cells and longer retention at the target site, with consequent enhanced therapeutic effects. Recombinant antibodies with high selectivity and availability for a vast range of targets will dominate the future. In this review, we systematically outline the tremendous progress in the conjugation of antibodies to nanoparticles and the clear advantages that recombinant antibodies offer in the therapeutic targeting of nanoparticles. The demonstrated flexibility of recombinant antibody coupling to nanoparticles highlights the bright future of this technology for modern therapeutic nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey A Pietersz
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Burnet Institute, Centre for Biomedical Research, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - May Lin Yap
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bock Lim
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Gutierrez-Corbo C, Dominguez-Asenjo B, Vossen LI, Pérez-Pertejo Y, Muñoz-Fenández MA, Balaña-Fouce R, Calderón M, Reguera RM. PEGylated Dendritic Polyglycerol Conjugate Delivers Doxorubicin to the Parasitophorous Vacuole in Leishmania infantum
Infections. Macromol Biosci 2017; 17. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201700098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camino Gutierrez-Corbo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Barbara Dominguez-Asenjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Laura I. Vossen
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Yolanda Pérez-Pertejo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Maria A. Muñoz-Fenández
- Laboratorio de InmunoBiologia Molecular; Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon; Spanish HIV HGM BioBank; IiSGM and CIBER-BBN; 28007 Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Balaña-Fouce
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Rosa M. Reguera
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad de León; 24071 León Spain
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26
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Woitok M, Klose D, Di Fiore S, Richter W, Stein C, Gresch G, Grieger E, Barth S, Fischer R, Kolberg K, Niesen J. Comparison of a mouse and a novel human scFv-SNAP-auristatin F drug conjugate with potent activity against EGFR-overexpressing human solid tumor cells. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:3313-3327. [PMID: 28740407 PMCID: PMC5505605 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s140492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) can deliver toxins to specific targets such as tumor cells. They have shown promise in preclinical/clinical development but feature stoichiometrically undefined chemical linkages, and those based on full-size antibodies achieve only limited tumor penetration. SNAP-tag technology can overcome these challenges by conjugating benzylguanine-modified toxins to single-chain fragment variables (scFvs) with 1:1 stoichiometry while preserving antigen binding. Two (human and mouse) scFv-SNAP fusion proteins recognizing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were expressed in HEK 293T cells. The purified fusion proteins were conjugated to auristatin F (AURIF). Binding activity was confirmed by flow cytometry/immunohistochemistry, and cytotoxic activity was confirmed by cell viability/apoptosis and cell cycle arrest assays, and a novel microtubule dynamics disassembly assay was performed. Both ADCs bound specifically to their target cells in vitro and ex vivo, indicating that the binding activity of the scFv-SNAP fusions was unaffected by conjugation to AURIF. Cytotoxic assays confirmed that the ADCs induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at nanomolar concentrations and microtubule disassembly. The SNAP-tag technology provides a platform for the development of novel ADCs with defined conjugation sites and stoichiometry. We achieved the stable and efficient linkage of AURIF to human or murine scFvs using the SNAP-tag technology, offering a strategy to improve the development of personalized medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Woitok
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana Klose
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Stein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerrit Gresch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Elena Grieger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Kolberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith Niesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
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27
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Baabur-Cohen H, Vossen LI, Krüger HR, Eldar-boock A, Yeini E, Landa-Rouben N, Tiram G, Wedepohl S, Markovsky E, Leor J, Calderón M, Satchi-Fainaro R. In vivo comparative study of distinct polymeric architectures bearing a combination of paclitaxel and doxorubicin at a synergistic ratio. J Control Release 2017; 257:118-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Kasza G, Kali G, Domján A, Pethő L, Szarka G, Iván B. Synthesis of Well-Defined Phthalimide Monofunctional Hyperbranched Polyglycerols and Its Transformation to Various Conjugation Relevant Functionalities. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gergely Kali
- Organic
Macromolecular Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C4.2, 166123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Lilla Pethő
- MTA-ELTE
Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Bauerschlag D, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Maass N, Bleilevens A, Bräutigam K, Al Rawashdeh W, Di Fiore S, Haugg AM, Gremse F, Steitz J, Fischer R, Stickeler E, Barth S, Hussain AF. Detection and Specific Elimination of EGFR + Ovarian Cancer Cells Using a Near Infrared Photoimmunotheranostic Approach. Pharm Res 2017; 34:696-703. [PMID: 28074431 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted theranostics is an alternative strategy in cancer management that aims to improve cancer detection and treatment simultaneously. This approach combines potent therapeutic and diagnostic agents with the specificity of different cell receptor ligands in one product. The success of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) in clinical practice has encouraged the development of antibody theranostics conjugates (ATCs). However, the generation of homogeneous and pharmaceutically-acceptable ATCs remains a major challenge. The aim of this study is to detect and eliminate ovarian cancer cells on-demand using an ATC directed to EGFR. METHODS An ATC with a defined drug-to-antibody ratio was generated by the site-directed conjugation of IRDye®700 to a self-labeling protein (SNAP-tag) fused to an EGFR-specific antibody fragment (scFv-425). RESULTS In vitro and ex vivo imaging showed that the ATC based on scFv-425 is suitable for the highly specific detection of EGFR+ ovarian cancer cell, human tissues and ascites samples. The construct was also able to eliminate EGFR+ cells and human ascites cells with IC50 values of 45-66 nM and 40-90 nM, respectively. CONCLUSION Our experiments provide a framework to create a versatile technology platform for the development of ATCs for precise detection and treatment of ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Bleilevens
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Wa'el Al Rawashdeh
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefano Di Fiore
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anke Maria Haugg
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix Gremse
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Steitz
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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30
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Reimann S, Schneider T, Welker P, Neumann F, Licha K, Schulze-Tanzil G, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Haag R. Dendritic polyglycerol anions for the selective targeting of native and inflamed articular cartilage. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4754-4767. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00618g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dye-conjugated polyanions show high affinities toward native and inflamed cartilage dependent on the anionic moiety and the condition of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Reimann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Anatomy
- General Hospital Nuremberg
- Paracelsus Medical University
- 90419 Nuremberg
- Germany
| | - Pia Welker
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- 10115 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Falko Neumann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Kai Licha
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
- Institute of Anatomy
- General Hospital Nuremberg
- Paracelsus Medical University
- 90419 Nuremberg
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces
- Department of Biomaterials
- 14424 Potsdam
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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31
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The efficient elimination of solid tumor cells by EGFR-specific and HER2-specific scFv-SNAP fusion proteins conjugated to benzylguanine-modified auristatin F. Cancer Lett 2016; 381:323-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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32
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Niesen J, Sack M, Seidel M, Fendel R, Barth S, Fischer R, Stein C. SNAP-Tag Technology: A Useful Tool To Determine Affinity Constants and Other Functional Parameters of Novel Antibody Fragments. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1931-41. [PMID: 27391930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody derivatives, such as the single chain fragment variable (scFv), can be developed as diagnostic and therapeutic tools in cancer research, especially in the form of fusion proteins. Such derivatives are easier to produce and modify than monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and achieve better tissue/tumor penetration. The genetic modification of scFvs is also much more straightforward than the challenging chemical modification of mAbs. Therefore, we constructed two scFvs derived from the approved monoclonal antibodies cetuximab (scFv2112) and panitumumab (scFv1711), both of which are specific for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a well-characterized solid tumor antigen. Both scFvs were genetically fused to the SNAP-tag, an engineered version of the human DNA repair enzyme O(6)-alkylguanine DNA alkyltransferase that allows the covalent coupling of benzylguanine (BG)-modified substrates such as fluorescent dyes. The SNAP-tag achieves controllable and irreversible protein modification and is an important tool for experimental studies in vitro and in vivo. The affinity constant of a scFv is a key functional parameter, especially in the context of a fusion protein. Therefore, we developed a method to define the affinity constants of scFv-SNAP fusion proteins by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy. We could confirm that both scFvs retained their functionality after fusion to the SNAP-tag in a variety of procedures and assays, including ELISA, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy. The experimental procedures described herein, and the new protocol for affinity determination by SPR spectroscopy, are suitable for the preclinical evaluation of diverse antibody formats and derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Niesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Melanie Seidel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rolf Fendel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biotechnology (Biology VII), RWTH Aachen University , 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Stein
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME , 52074 Aachen, Germany
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33
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Agudelo D, Bérubé G, Tajmir-Riahi H. An overview on the delivery of antitumor drug doxorubicin by carrier proteins. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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34
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Gosecki M, Gadzinowski M, Gosecka M, Basinska T, Slomkowski S. Polyglycidol, Its Derivatives, and Polyglycidol-Containing Copolymers-Synthesis and Medical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E227. [PMID: 30979324 PMCID: PMC6432134 DOI: 10.3390/polym8060227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglycidol (or polyglycerol) is a biocompatible polymer with a main chain structure similar to that of poly(ethylene oxide) but with a ⁻CH₂OH reactive side group in every structural unit. The hydroxyl groups in polyglycidol not only increase the hydrophilicity of this polymer but also allow for its modification, leading to polymers with carboxyl, amine, and vinyl groups, as well as to polymers with bonded aliphatic chains, sugar moieties, and covalently immobilized bioactive compounds in particular proteins. The paper describes the current state of knowledge on the synthesis of polyglycidols with various topology (linear, branched, and star-like) and with various molar masses. We provide information on polyglycidol-rich surfaces with protein-repelling properties. We also describe methods for the synthesis of polyglycidol-containing copolymers and the preparation of nano- and microparticles that could be derived from these copolymers. The paper summarizes recent advances in the application of polyglycidol and polyglycidol-containing polymers as drug carriers, reagents for diagnostic systems, and elements of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Gadzinowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Monika Gosecka
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Teresa Basinska
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Slomkowski
- Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland.
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Wan J, Alewood PF. Peptide-Decorated Dendrimers and Their Bioapplications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5124-34. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201508428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wan
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; 306 Carmody Road St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; 306 Carmody Road St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
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Wan J, Alewood PF. Mit Peptiden dekorierte Dendrimere und ihre biotechnologische Nutzung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201508428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wan
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; 306 Carmody Road St Lucia QLD 4072 Australien
| | - Paul F. Alewood
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; 306 Carmody Road St Lucia QLD 4072 Australien
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Review on the binding of anticancer drug doxorubicin with DNA and tRNA: Structural models and antitumor activity. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 158:274-9. [PMID: 26971631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we have compared the results of multiple spectroscopic studies and molecular modeling of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) bindings to DNA and tRNA. DOX was intercalated into DNA duplex, while tRNA binding is via major and minor grooves. DOX-DNA intercalation is close to A-7, C-5, *C-19 (H-bonding with DOX NH2 group), G-6, T-8 and T-18 with the free binding energy of -4.99kcal/mol. DOX-tRNA groove bindings are near A-29, A-31, A-38, C-25, C-27, C-28, *G-30 (H-bonding) and U-41 with the free binding energy of -4.44kcal/mol. Drug intercalation induced a partial B to A-DNA transition, while tRNA remained in A-family structure. The structural differences observed between DOX bindings to DNA and tRNA can be the main reasons for drug antitumor activity. The results of in vitro MTT assay on SKC01 colon carcinoma are consistent with the observed DNA structural changes. Future research should be focused on finding suitable nanocarriers for delivery of DOX in vivo in order to exploit the full capacity of this very important anticancer drug.
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38
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von Felbert V, Bauerschlag D, Maass N, Bräutigam K, Meinhold-Heerlein I, Woitok M, Barth S, Hussain AF. A specific photoimmunotheranostics agent to detect and eliminate skin cancer cells expressing EGFR. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1003-11. [PMID: 26847542 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The term "theranostics" represents a new paradigm in medicine especially for cancer treatment. This term was coined by Funkhouser in 2002 and defines a reagent that combines therapeutic and diagnostic properties. It is widely believed that theranostics agents will have considerable impact on healthcare before, during, and after disease by improving cancer prognosis and management simultaneously. Current theranostics approaches still rely on passive tumor targeting strategies, which have scattergun effects and tend to damage both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. METHODS Here we describe a simple, controlled, and efficient method to generate homogeneous photoimmunotheranostics reagents. This method combines molecular optical imaging, photodynamic therapy, and immunotherapy using SNAP-tag technology. SNAP-tag is a derivative of the O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) which has the ability to efficiently conjugate to O(6)-benzylguanine (BG) molecules under physiological conditions depending on its folding pattern. RESULTS The theranostics agent was able to specifically recognize various epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-expressing skin cancer cell lines using flow cytometry analysis and confocal microscopy and eliminate them at EC50's of 32-55 nM. CONCLUSIONS These experiments provide a framework for using SNAP-tag technology to generate homogeneous photoimmunotheranostics reagents with unified pharmacokinetic and therapeutic profiles. Furthermore, the reagent generated in this work could be used to simultaneously monitor and suppress the growth of skin squamous carcinoma and melanoma cells expressing EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena von Felbert
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dirk Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karen Bräutigam
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ivo Meinhold-Heerlein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mira Woitok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstrasse 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Ahmad Fawzi Hussain
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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39
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Stefani S, Kurniasih IN, Sharma SK, Böttcher C, Servin P, Haag R. Triglycerol-based hyperbranched polyesters with an amphiphilic branched shell as novel biodegradable drug delivery systems. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01314c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A set of biodegradable nanocarriers characterized by a hyperbranched polyester core and an amphiphilic branched shell was developed and employed to efficiently solubilize hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Indah N. Kurniasih
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Christoph Böttcher
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | | | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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40
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Shargh VH, Hondermarck H, Liang M. Antibody-targeted biodegradable nanoparticles for cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:63-79. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.15.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology has great potentials to revolutionize the future cancer diagnosis and therapy. In this context, various nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed for targeted delivery of diagnostic/therapeutic agents to the tumor sites, which thus result in greater efficacy and much less side effects. The targeting property of NPs is often achieved by functionalizing their surface with tumor-specific ligands, such as antibodies, peptides, small molecules and oligonucleotides. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in the multifunctional design of antibody-targeted NPs with a special focus on liposomal, polymeric and protein-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Heravi Shargh
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Hubert Hondermarck
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Mingtao Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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41
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Zeng H, Schlesener C, Cromwell O, Hellmund M, Haag R, Guan Z. Amino Acid-Functionalized Dendritic Polyglycerol for Safe and Effective siRNA Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3869-77. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanxiang Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Cathleen Schlesener
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olivia Cromwell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Markus Hellmund
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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42
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Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Sun C, Wu J, Tang J. Reversing of multidrug resistance breast cancer by co-delivery of P-gp siRNA and doxorubicin via folic acid-modified core-shell nanomicelles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 138:60-9. [PMID: 26655793 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of major limitation for the successful treatment of many cancers including breast cancer. Co-delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs and small interfering RNA (siRNA) has been developed because of its ability to generate synergistic anticancer effects via different mechanisms of action, to reverse MDR and increase the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer therapy. Herein, we employed a kind of efficient multifunctional tumor targeted nanomicelles (PECL3) for the co-delivery of hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs and siRNA. This kind of nanomicelles were constructed by folic acid (FA)-decorated PEG-b-(PCL-g-PEI)-b-PCL triblock copolymers, which were synthesized through "click chemistry" and "ring opening" polymerization. Driven by the "core-shell" structure and the electrostatic interaction, this triblock copolymer could efficiently encapsulate P-glycoprotein (P-gp) siRNA and doxorubicin (DOX). The obtained nanomicelles can prevent renal clearance, RNase degradation and aggregation in circulation. Compared to the non-specific delivery, these FA functionalized nanomicelles could efficiently deliver P-gp siRNA to reducing both P-gp expression levels and IC50 value of the DOX in DOX-resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/ADR). Additionally, in vivo results showed that DOX loaded PECL3 (D-PECL3) micelles could reduce toxicity of DOX on nontarget tissues and significantly inhibited MCF-7/ADR tumor growth through encapsulating DOX in the micelles and deliver them to target tumor region. Taken together, these results proof that PECL3 micelles could co-deliver siRNA and drug to inhibit MDR tumor growth. These results suggested that the co-delivery of DOX and siRNA in tumor-targeting nanomicelles could excite synergistic effect of gene therapy and chemotherapy, thus can efficiently reverse MDR cancer and kill the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chunlong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Li W, Liu Z, Li C, Li N, Fang L, Chang J, Tan J. Radionuclide therapy using 131I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted nanoparticles suppresses cancer cell growth caused by EGFR overexpression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2015; 142:619-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-015-2067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Stebbins ND, Yu W, Uhrich KE. Linear, Mannitol-Based Poly(anhydride-esters) with High Ibuprofen Loading and Anti-Inflammatory Activity. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3632-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D. Stebbins
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Weiling Yu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor
Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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45
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Structural analysis of doxorubicin-polymer conjugates. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 135:175-182. [PMID: 26255162 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), methoxypoly (ethylene glycol) polyamidoamine (mPEG-PAMAM-G3) and polyamidoamine (PAMAM-G4) dendrimers were used for encapsulation of antibiotic drug doxorubicin (Dox) and its analogue N-(trifluoroacetyl) doxorubicin (FDox) in aqueous solution at pH 7.4. Multiple spectroscopic methods, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and molecular modeling were used to characterize the drug binding process to synthetic polymers. Structural analysis showed that drug-polymer binding occurs via both H-bonding and hydrophobic contacts. The order of binding is PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G3>PEG-6000 with Dox forming more stable conjugate than FDox. Transmission electron microscopy showed significant changes in carrier morphology with major changes in the shape of the polymer aggregate as drug encapsulation occurred. Modeling also showed that drug is located in the surface and in the internal cavities of PAMAM with the free binding energy of -4.14 kcal/mol for Dox and -3.93 kcal/mol for FDox, indicating of spontaneous drug-polymer interaction at room temperature.
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Sheikhi Mehrabadi F, Zeng H, Johnson M, Schlesener C, Guan Z, Haag R. Multivalent dendritic polyglycerolamine with arginine and histidine end groups for efficient siRNA transfection. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:763-72. [PMID: 26124878 PMCID: PMC4464416 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of siRNA-based therapeutics highly depends on a safe and efficient delivery of siRNA into the cytosol. In this study, we post-modified the primary amines on dendritic polyglycerolamine (dPG-NH2) with different ratios of two relevant amino acids, namely, arginine (Arg) and histidine (His). To investigate the effects from introducing Arg and His to dPG, the resulting polyplexes of amino acid functionalized dPG-NH2s (AAdPGs)/siRNA were evaluated regarding cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, and cellular uptake. Among AAdPGs, an optimal vector with (1:3) Arg to His ratio, showed efficient siRNA transfection with minimal cytotoxicity (cell viability ≥ 90%) in NIH 3T3 cells line. We also demonstrated that the cytotoxicity of dPG-NH2 decreased as a result of amino acid functionalization. While the incorporation of both cationic (Arg) and pH-responsive residues (His) are important for safe and efficient siRNA transfection, this study indicates that AAdPGs containing higher degrees of His display lower cytotoxicity and more efficient endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanxiang Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Cathleen Schlesener
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhibin Guan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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47
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Ma P, Zhang X, Ni L, Li J, Zhang F, Wang Z, Lian S, Sun K. Targeted delivery of polyamidoamine-paclitaxel conjugate functionalized with anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 trastuzumab. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:2173-90. [PMID: 25834432 PMCID: PMC4370923 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s77152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibody-dendrimer conjugates have the potential to improve the targeting and release of chemotherapeutic drugs at the tumor site while reducing adverse side effects caused by drug accumulation in healthy tissues. In this study, trastuzumab (TMAB), which binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), was used as a targeting agent in a TMAB-polyamidoamine (PAMAM) conjugate carrying paclitaxel (PTX) specifically to cells overexpressing HER2. Methods TMAB was covalently linked to a PAMAM dendrimer via bifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG). PTX was conjugated to PAMAM using succinic anhydride as a cross-linker, yielding TMAB-PEG-PAMAM-PTX. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the conjugates. The cellular uptake and in vivo biodistribution were studied by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Carestream In Vivo FX, respectively. Results Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated that PEG, PTX, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and cyanine7 were conjugated to PAMAM. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that TMAB was conjugated to PEG-PAMAM. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements revealed that the different conjugates ranged in size between 10 and 35 nm and had a spherical shape. In vitro cellular uptake demonstrated that the TMAB-conjugated PAMAM was taken up by HER2-overexpressing BT474 cells more efficiently than MCF-7 cells that expressed lower levels of HER2. Co-localization experiments indicated that TMAB-conjugated PAMAM was located in the cytoplasm. The in vitro cytotoxicity of TMAB-conjugated PAMAM was lower than free PTX due to the slow release of PTX from the conjugate. In vivo targeting further demonstrated that TMAB-conjugated PAMAM accumulated in the BT474 tumor model more efficiently than non-conjugated PAMAM. Conclusion TMAB can serve as an effective targeting agent, and the TMAB-conjugated PAMAM can be exploited as a potential targeted chemotherapeutic drug delivery system for tumors that overexpress HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkai Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Long-acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengpu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Lian
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaoxiang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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48
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Sousa-Herves A, Würfel P, Wegner N, Khandare J, Licha K, Haag R, Welker P, Calderón M. Dendritic polyglycerol sulfate as a novel platform for paclitaxel delivery: pitfalls of ester linkage. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3923-32. [PMID: 25516353 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04428b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, dendritic polyglycerol sulfate (dPGS) is evaluated as a delivery platform for the anticancer, tubulin-binding drug paclitaxel (PTX). The conjugation of PTX to dPGS is conducted via a labile ester linkage. A non-sulfated dendritic polyglycerol (dPG) is used as a control, and the labeling with an indocarbocyanine dye (ICC) renders multifunctional conjugates that can be monitored by fluorescence microscopy. The conjugates are characterized by (1)H NMR, UV-vis measurements, and RP-HPLC. In vitro cytotoxicity of PTX and dendritic conjugates is evaluated using A549 and A431 cell lines, showing a reduced cytotoxic efficacy of the conjugates compared to PTX. The study of uptake kinetics reveals a linear, non saturable uptake in tumor cells for dPGS-PTX-ICC, while dPG-PTX-ICC is hardly taken up. Despite the marginal uptake of dPG-PTX-ICC, it prompts tubulin polymerization to a comparable extent as PTX. These observations suggest a fast ester hydrolysis and premature drug release, as confirmed by HPLC measurements in the presence of plasma enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa-Herves
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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49
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Krüger HR, Nagel G, Wedepohl S, Calderón M. Dendritic polymer imaging systems for the evaluation of conjugate uptake and cleavage. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:3838-3844. [PMID: 25407106 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04467c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent turn-on probes combined with polymers have a broad range of applications, e.g. for intracellular sensing of ions, small molecules, or DNA. In the field of polymer therapeutics, these probes can be applied to extend the in vitro characterization of novel conjugates beyond cytotoxicity and cellular uptake studies. This is particularly true in cases in which polymer conjugates contain drugs attached by cleavable linkers. Better information on the intracellular linker cleavage and drug release would allow a faster evaluation and optimization of novel polymer therapeutic concepts. We therefore developed a fluorescent turn-on probe that enables direct monitoring of pH-mediated cleavage processes over time. This is achieved by exploiting the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between two dyes that have been coupled to a dendritic polymer. We demonstrate the use of this probe to evaluate polymer uptake and intracellular release of cargo in a cell based microplate assay that is suitable for high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald R Krüger
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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50
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Mehrabadi FS, Hirsch O, Zeisig R, Posocco P, Laurini E, Pricl S, Haag R, Kemmner W, Calderón M. Structure–activity relationship study of dendritic polyglycerolamines for efficient siRNA transfection. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10944b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure–activity relationship studies were performed through in vitro, in silico, and in vivo analysis in order to evaluate the gene transfection potential of dendritic polyglycerolamines with different amine loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ole Hirsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
- 10587 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Reiner Zeisig
- Experimental Pharmacology & Oncology GmbH
- 13125 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Paola Posocco
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Erik Laurini
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Sabrina Pricl
- Molecular Simulation Engineering (MOSE) Laboratory
- DICAMP
- University of Trieste
- 34127 Trieste
- Italy
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kemmner
- Translational Oncology
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center
- 13125 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie
- Freie Universität Berlin
- 14195 Berlin
- Germany
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