1
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Liao Q, Ren H, Xu J, Wang P, Yuan B, Zhang H. Combined experiments and molecular simulations for understanding the thermo-responsive behavior and gelation of methylated glucans with different glycosidic linkages. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:315-325. [PMID: 38936088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Elucidation of the micro-mechanisms of sol-gel transition of gelling glucans with different glycosidic linkages is crucial for understanding their structure-property relationship and for various applications. Glucans with distinct molecular chain structures exhibit unique gelation behaviors. The disparate gelation phenomena observed in two methylated glucans, methylated (1,3)-β-d-glucan of curdlan (MECD) and methylated (1,4)-β-d-glucan of cellulose (MC), notwithstanding their equivalent degrees of substitution, are intricately linked to their unique molecular architectures and interactions between glucan and water. EXPERIMENTS Density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations focused on the electronic property distinctions between MECD and MC, alongside conformational variations during thermal gelation. Inline attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tracked secondary structure alterations in MECD and MC. To corroborate the simulation results, additional analyses including circular dichroism, rheology, and micro-differential scanning calorimetry were performed. FINDINGS Despite having similar thermally induced gel networks, MECD and MC display distinct physical gelation patterns and molecular-level conformational changes during gelation. The network of MC gel was formed via a "coil-to-ring" transition, followed by ring stacking. In contrast, the MECD gel comprised compact irregular helices accompanied by notable volume shrinkage. These variations in gelation behavior are ascribed to heightened hydrophobic interactions and diminished hydrogen bonding in both systems upon heating, resulting in gelation. These findings provide valuable insights into the microstructural changes during gelation and the thermo-gelation mechanisms of structurally similar polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Liao
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huimin Ren
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiatong Xu
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengguang Wang
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Baihua Yuan
- Institute of Marine Equipment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Advanced Rheology Institute, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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2
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Bonetti L, Borsacchi S, Soriente A, Boccali A, Calucci L, Raucci MG, Altomare L. Injectable in situ gelling methylcellulose-based hydrogels for bone tissue regeneration. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:4427-4440. [PMID: 38629219 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02414h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Injectable bone substitutes (IBSs) represent a compelling choice for bone tissue regeneration, as they can be exploited to optimally fill complex bone defects in a minimally invasive manner. In this context, in situ gelling methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels may be engineered to be free-flowing injectable solutions at room temperature and gels upon exposure to body temperature. Moreover, incorporating a suitable inorganic phase can further enhance the mechanical properties of MC hydrogels and promote mineralization, thus assisting early cell adhesion to the hydrogel and effectively guiding bone tissue regeneration. In this work, thermo-responsive IBSs were designed selecting MC as the organic matrix and calcium phosphate (CaP) or CaP modified with graphene oxide (CaPGO) as the inorganic component. The resulting biocomposites displayed a transition temperature around body temperature, preserved injectability even after loading with the inorganic components, and exhibited adequate retention on an ex vivo calf femoral bone defect model. The addition of CaP and CaPGO promoted the in vitro mineralization process already 14 days after immersion in simulated body fluid. Interestingly, combined X-ray diffraction and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance characterizations revealed that the formed biomimetic phase was constituted by crystalline hydroxyapatite and amorphous calcium phosphate. In vitro biological characterization revealed the beneficial impact of CaP and CaPGO, indicating their potential in promoting cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Remarkably, the addition of GO, which is very attractive for its bioactive properties, did not negatively affect the injectability of the hydrogel nor the mineralization process, but had a positive impact on cell growth and osteogenic differentiation on both pre-differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Overall, the proposed formulations represent potential candidates for use as IBSs for application in bone regeneration both under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Borsacchi
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Soriente
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Italian National Research Council, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alberto Boccali
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Calucci
- Institute of Chemistry of Organometallic Compounds (ICCOM), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
- Center for Instrument Sharing of the University of Pisa (CISUP), Lungarno Pacinotti 43/44, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Raucci
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials (IPCB), Italian National Research Council, Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, Mostra d'Oltremare Pad 20, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lina Altomare
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium for Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giuseppe Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
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3
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McClements DJ. Novel animal product substitutes: A new category of plant-based alternatives to meat, seafood, egg, and dairy products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e313330. [PMID: 38551190 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Many consumers are adopting plant-centric diets to address the adverse effects of livestock production on the environment, health, and animal welfare. Processed plant-based foods, including animal product analogs (such as meat, seafood, egg, or dairy analogs) and traditional animal product substitutes (such as tofu, seitan, or tempeh), may not be desirable to a broad spectrum of consumers. This article introduces a new category of plant-based foods specifically designed to overcome the limitations of current animal product analogs and substitutes: novel animal product substitutes (NAPS). NAPS are designed to contain high levels of nutrients to be encouraged (such as proteins, omega-3 fatty acids, dietary fibers, vitamins, and minerals) and low levels of nutrients to be discouraged (such as salt, sugar, and saturated fat). Moreover, they may be designed to have a wide range of appearances, textures, mouthfeels, and flavors. For instance, they could be red, orange, green, yellow, blue, or beige; they could be spheres, ovals, cubes, or pyramids; they could be hard/soft or brittle/pliable; and they could be lemon, thyme, curry, or chili flavored. Consequently, there is great flexibility in creating NAPS that could be eaten in situations where animal products are normally consumed, for example, with pasta, rice, potatoes, bread, soups, or salads. This article reviews the science behind the formulation of NAPS, highlights factors impacting their appearance, texture, flavor, and nutritional profile, and discusses methods that can be used to formulate, produce, and characterize them. Finally, it stresses the need for further studies on this new category of foods, especially on their sensory and consumer aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Julian McClements
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Food Science & Bioengineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Wu Z, Collins AM, Jayaraman A. Understanding Self-Assembly and Molecular Packing in Methylcellulose Aqueous Solutions Using Multiscale Modeling and Simulations. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1682-1695. [PMID: 38417021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
We present a multiscale molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study on self-assembly in methylcellulose (MC) aqueous solutions. First, using MD simulations with a new coarse-grained (CG) model of MC chains in implicit water, we establish how the MC chains self-assemble to form fibrils and fibrillar networks and elucidate the MC chains' packing within the assembled fibrils. The CG model for MC is extended from a previously developed model for unsubstituted cellulose and captures the directionality of H-bonding interactions between the -OH groups. The choice and placement of the CG beads within each monomer facilitates explicit modeling of the exact degree and position of methoxy substitutions in the monomers along the MC chain. CG MD simulations show that with increasing hydrophobic effect and/or increasing H-bonding strength, the commercial MC chains (with degree of methoxy substitution, DS, ∼1.8) assemble from a random dispersed configuration into fibrils. The assembled fibrils exhibit consistent fibril diameters regardless of the molecular weight and concentration of MC chains, in agreement with past experiments. Most MC chains' axes are aligned with the fibril axis, and some MC chains exhibit twisted conformations in the fibril. To understand the molecular driving force for the twist, we conduct atomistic simulations of MC chains preassembled in fibrils (without any chain twists) in explicit water at 300 and 348 K. These atomistic simulations also show that at DS = 1.8, MC chains adopt twisted conformations, with these twists being more prominent at higher temperatures, likely as a result of shielding of hydrophobic methyl groups from water. For MC chains with varying DS, at 348 K, atomistic simulations show a nonmonotonic effect of DS on water-monomer contacts. For 0.0 < DS < 0.6, the MC monomers have more water contacts than at DS = 0.0 or DS > 0.6, suggesting that with few methoxy substitutions, the MC chains are effectively hydrophilic, letting the water molecules diffuse into the fibril to participate in H-bonds with the MC chains' remaining -OH groups. At DS > 0.6, the MC monomers become increasingly hydrophobic, as seen by decreasing water contacts around each monomer. We conclude based on the atomistic observations that MC chains with lower degrees of substitutions (DS ≤ 0.6) should exhibit solubility in water over broader temperature ranges than DS ∼ 1.8 chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Audrey M Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 102 Brown Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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5
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Nakagawa D, Saiki E, Horikawa Y, Shikata T. Rigid Rod-like Viscoelastic Behaviors of Methyl Cellulose Samples with a Wide Range of Molar Masses Dissolved in Aqueous Solutions. Molecules 2024; 29:466. [PMID: 38257380 PMCID: PMC10818544 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The viscoelastic behaviors of aqueous solutions of commercially available methyl cellulose (MC) samples with a degree of substitution of 1.8 and a wide range of weight average molar masses (Mw) were investigated over a wide concentration (c) range at some temperatures from -10 to 25 °C. The viscoelastic parameters useful to discuss the structure and dynamics of MC-forming particles in aqueous solutions were precisely determined, such as the zero-shear viscosity (η0), the steady-state compliance (Je), the average relaxation time (τw), and the activation energy (E*) of τw. Because previously obtained scattering and intrinsic viscosity ([η]) data revealed that the MC samples possess a rigid rod-like structure in dilute aqueous solutions over the entire Mw range examined, the viscoelastic data obtained in this study were discussed in detail based on the concept of rigid rod particle suspension rheology. The obtained Je-1 was proportional to the number density of sample molecules (ν = cNAMw-1, where NA means the Avogadro's constant) over the ν range examined irrespective of Mw. The reduced relaxation time (4NAτw(3νJe [η]ηmMw)-1), where ηm means the medium viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)2, L; the average particle length depending on Mw for each sample was determined in a previous study; and the reduced specific viscosity (ηspNAL3(Mw [η])-1), where ηsp means the specific viscosity, was proportional to (νL3)3 in a range of νL3 < 3 × 102. These findings were typical characteristics of the rigid rod suspension rheology. Therefore, the MC samples behave as entangling rigid rod particles in the νL3 range from rheological points of view. A stepwise increase in E* was clearly observed in a c range higher than the [η]-1 value irrespective of Mw. This observation proposes that contact or entanglement formation between particles formed by MC molecules results in an increase in E*.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nakagawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Erika Saiki
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Horikawa
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Shikata
- Cellulose Research Unit, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Division of Natural Resources and Eco-Materials, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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6
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Bonetti L, De Nardo L, Farè S. Crosslinking strategies in modulating methylcellulose hydrogel properties. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:7869-7884. [PMID: 37817578 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Methylcellulose (MC) hydrogels are ideal materials for the design of thermo-responsive platforms capable of exploiting the environment temperature as a driving force to activate their smart transition. However, MC hydrogels usually show reduced stability in an aqueous environment and low mechanical properties, limiting their applications' breadth. A possible approach intended to overcome these limitations is chemical crosslinking, which represents a simple yet effective strategy to modify the MC hydrogels' properties (e.g., physicochemical, mechanical, and biological). In this regard, understanding the selected crosslinking method's role in modulating the MC hydrogels' properties is a key factor in their design. This review offers a perspective on the main MC chemical crosslinking approaches reported in the literature. Three main categories can be distinguished: (i) small molecule crosslinkers, (ii) crosslinking by high-energy radiation, and (iii) crosslinking via MC chemical modification. The advantages and limitations of each approach are elucidated, and special consideration is paid to the thermo-responsive properties after crosslinking towards the development of MC hydrogels with enhanced physical stability and mechanical performance, preserving the thermo-responsive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bonetti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luigi De Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Farè
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 22, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Florence, Italy
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7
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Madamsetty V, Vazifehdoost M, Alhashemi SH, Davoudi H, Zarrabi A, Dehshahri A, Fekri HS, Mohammadinejad R, Thakur VK. Next-Generation Hydrogels as Biomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Exploring the Role of Curcumin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:8960-8976. [PMID: 36936324 PMCID: PMC10018697 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Since the first report on the pharmacological activity of curcumin in 1949, enormous amounts of research have reported diverse activities for this natural polyphenol found in the dietary spice turmeric. However, curcumin has not yet been used for human application as an approved drug. The clinical translation of curcumin has been hampered due to its low solubility and bioavailability. The improvement in bioavailability and solubility of curcumin can be achieved by its formulation using drug delivery systems. Hydrogels with their biocompatibility and low toxicity effects have shown a substantial impact on the successful formulation of hydrophobic drugs for human clinical trials. This review focuses on hydrogel-based delivery systems for curcumin and describes its applications as anti-cancer as well as wound healing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay
Sagar Madamsetty
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo
Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, United States
| | - Maryam Vazifehdoost
- Department
of Toxicology & Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 6718773654, Iran
| | - Samira Hossaini Alhashemi
- Pharmaceutical
Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Hesam Davoudi
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University
of Zanjan, Zanjan 4537138111, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Dehshahri
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
| | - Hojjat Samareh Fekri
- Student Research
Committee, Kerman University of Medical
Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Research
Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining
and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, U.K.
- School
of Engineering, University of Petroleum
& Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
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8
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Wu Z, Jayaraman A. Machine Learning-Enhanced Computational Reverse-Engineering Analysis for Scattering Experiments (CREASE) for Analyzing Fibrillar Structures in Polymer Solutions. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware19716, United States
| | - Arthi Jayaraman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy St., Newark, Delaware19716, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, Delaware19716, United States
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9
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Peng Z, Zhu M, Yang J, Li L. How does Poly(ethylene glycol) with varied chain length affect the thermo-responsive behavior of methyl cellulose in aqueous solutions? POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Bizmark N, Caggiano NJ, Liu JX, Arnold CB, Prud'homme RK, Datta SS, Priestley RD. Hysteresis in the thermally induced phase transition of cellulose ethers. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:6254-6263. [PMID: 35946517 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized cellulosics have shown promise as naturally derived thermoresponsive gelling agents. However, the dynamics of thermally induced phase transitions of these polymers at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) are not fully understood. Here, with experiments and theoretical considerations, we address how molecular architecture dictates the mechanisms and dynamics of phase transitions for cellulose ethers. Above the LCST, we show that hydroxypropyl substituents favor the spontaneous formation of liquid droplets, whereas methyl substituents induce fibril formation through diffusive growth. In celluloses which contain both methyl and hydroxypropyl substituents, fibrillation initiates after liquid droplet formation, suppressing the fibril growth to a sub-diffusive rate. Unlike for liquid droplets, the dissolution of fibrils back into the solvated state occurs with significant thermal hysteresis. We tune this hysteresis by altering the content of substituted hydroxypropyl moieties. This work provides a systematic study to decouple competing mechanisms during the phase transition of multi-functionalized macromolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Bizmark
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Nicholas J Caggiano
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Jason X Liu
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Craig B Arnold
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Robert K Prud'homme
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Sujit S Datta
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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11
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Lobban R, Biswas A, Ruiz-Márquez KJ, Bellan LM. Leveraging the gel-to-sol transition of physically crosslinked thermoresponsive polymer hydrogels to enable reactions induced by lowering temperature. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21885-21891. [PMID: 36043086 PMCID: PMC9361303 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02938c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Much work has been done on the use of heating to trigger reactions via the temperature-dependent removal of a barrier or constraint separating reagents. Far less work, however, has been done on the use of cooling to achieve a similar goal. Numerous applications, such as those involving components or materials susceptible to persistent low temperatures and cases in which energy for heating is not available, would benefit from this inverse approach. Hence, in this study we explore whether physically crosslinked hydrogels can be reliably used as thermoresponsive constraints that allow reagents to react only upon cooling. We achieve this by loading reagents into adjacent blocks of thermoresponsive hydrogel and showing that these reagents can only react with each other after the temperature of the hydrogel falls below its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Above the LCST, the reagents remain sequestered in separate gels and no reaction occurs; this "OFF" state is stable for extended periods. When the system is allowed to cool, the hydrogels liquify and flow into each other, allowing mixing of the embedded reagents ("ON" state). We tune the hydrogels' LCSTs using NaCl, quantify the NaCl's tuning effect using rheometry, and determine that reactions are triggered reproducibly at temperatures similar to the tuned LCSTs. We also demonstrate generalizability of the concept by exploring situations involving radically different reaction types. This concept therefore constitutes a new approach to autonomous material behavior based on cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romario Lobban
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Ankan Biswas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University Nashville TN 37235 USA
| | - Kevin J. Ruiz-Márquez
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA
| | - Leon M. Bellan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA
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12
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Miranda-Valdez IY, Viitanen L, Intyre JM, Puisto A, Koivisto J, Alava M. Predicting effect of fibers on thermal gelation of methylcellulose using Bayesian optimization. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 298:119921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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He J, Peng Z, Yang J, Dai L, Hua Z, Li L. How Does Soy 7 S Globulin Influence the Thermo-responsive Fibration Process of Methylcellulose Chains in Aqueous Solutions? Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Nelson AZ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Margotta AS, Sammler RL, Izmitli A, Katz JS, Curtis-Fisk J, Li Y, Ewoldt RH. Gelation under stress: impact of shear flow on the formation and mechanical properties of methylcellulose hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:1554-1565. [PMID: 35107466 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01711j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that small unidirectional applied-stresses during temperature-induced gelation dramatically change the gel temperature and the resulting mechanical properties and structure of aqueous methylcellulose (MC), a material that forms a brittle gel with a fibrillar microstructure at elevated temperatures. Applied stress makes gelation more difficult, evidenced by an increased gelation temperature, and weakens mechanical properties of the hot gel, evidenced by a decreased elastic modulus and decreased apparent failure stress. In extreme cases, formation of a fully percolated polymer network is inhibited and a soft granular yield-stress fluid is formed. We quantify the effects of the applied stress using a filament-based mechanical model to relate the measured properties to the structural features of the fibril network. The dramatic changes in the gel temperature and hot gel properties give more design freedom to processing-dependent rheology, but could be detrimental to coating applications where gravitational stress during gelation is unavoidable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Z Nelson
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Anthony S Margotta
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Robert L Sammler
- Formulation, Automation, and Material Science and Engineering, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Aslin Izmitli
- Home and Personal Care TS&D, Dow Inc., Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Joshua S Katz
- Pharma Solutions R&D, International Flavors & Fragrances, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Jaime Curtis-Fisk
- Formulation, Automation, and Material Science and Engineering, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Yongfu Li
- Analytical Science, Corporate R&D, Dow Inc., Midland, MI 48674, USA
| | - Randy H Ewoldt
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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15
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Temperature-dependent dynamic light scattering studies on dilute aqueous solution of methylcellulose. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Coughlin ML, Edmund J, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Temperature Dependence of Chain Conformations and Fibril Formation in Solutions of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-Grafted Methylcellulose. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie L. Coughlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jerrick Edmund
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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17
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Hu S, Zhi Y, Shan S, Ni Y. Research progress of smart response composite hydrogels based on nanocellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118741. [PMID: 34742444 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, smart-responsive nanocellulose composite hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their unique porous substrate, hydrophilic properties, biocompatibility and stimulus responsiveness. At present, the research on smart response nanocellulose composite hydrogel mainly focuses on the selection of composite materials and the construction of internal chemical bonds. The common composite materials and connection methods used for preparation of smart response nanocellulose composite hydrogels are compared according to the different types of response sources such as temperature, pH and so on. The response mechanisms and the application prospects of different response types of nanocellulose composite hydrogels are summarized, and the transformation of internal ions, functional groups and chemical bonds, as well as the changes in mechanical properties such as modulus and strength are discussed. Finally, the shortcomings and application prospects of nanocellulose smart response composite hydrogels are summarized and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hu
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China
| | - Yunfei Zhi
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Shaoyun Shan
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China.
| | - Yonghao Ni
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, PR China; Limerick Pulp and Paper Centre, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton E3B 5A3, Canada
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18
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Buglakov AI, Vasilevskaya VV. Fibril Assembly and Gelation of Macromolecules with Amphiphilic Repeating Units. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12377-12387. [PMID: 34637315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the self-assembly of the fibrillar network in a concentrated solution of macromolecules with an amphiphilic structure of repeating units. The investigation of amphiphilic homopolymers and alternating copolymers with the linear and cyclic topologies, the solution with different polymer concentrations and solvent qualities, allows us to conclude that the ability to form a fibrillar gel with branched fibrils and regular subchain thickness is inherent for macromolecules with the solvophobic backbone and solvophilic pendants. The elements of the gel structure, such as the mesh size and fibrillar thickness, the number of cross-links, and their functionality, can be tuned and customized according to the requirements of their application. The results could be helpful for the directed design of the synthetic analogue of the relevant extracellular matrix, in tissue engineering, for fibrotic disease treatment and cell encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr I Buglakov
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Physics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina V Vasilevskaya
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds RAS, Vavilova ul., 28, Moscow 119991, Russia
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19
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Hynninen V, Patrakka J, Nonappa. Methylcellulose-Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites for Optomechanically Tunable Hydrogels and Fibers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5137. [PMID: 34576360 PMCID: PMC8465715 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical modification of cellulose offers routes for structurally and functionally diverse biopolymer derivatives for numerous industrial applications. Among cellulose derivatives, cellulose ethers have found extensive use, such as emulsifiers, in food industries and biotechnology. Methylcellulose, one of the simplest cellulose derivatives, has been utilized for biomedical, construction materials and cell culture applications. Its improved water solubility, thermoresponsive gelation, and the ability to act as a matrix for various dopants also offer routes for cellulose-based functional materials. There has been a renewed interest in understanding the structural, mechanical, and optical properties of methylcellulose and its composites. This review focuses on the recent development in optically and mechanically tunable hydrogels derived from methylcellulose and methylcellulose-cellulose nanocrystal composites. We further discuss the application of the gels for preparing highly ductile and strong fibers. Finally, the emerging application of methylcellulose-based fibers as optical fibers and their application potentials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Hynninen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Jani Patrakka
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland;
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20
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Ratan Pal Singh. Rheological and Conformational Studies of Methylcellulose Gels in an Aqueous Medium. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x21030111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Hydrophilic modification of methylcellulose to obtain thermoviscosifying polymers without macro-phase separation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117792. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Liberman L, Schmidt PW, Coughlin ML, Ya’akobi AM, Davidovich I, Edmund J, Ertem SP, Morozova S, Talmon Y, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Salt-Dependent Structure in Methylcellulose Fibrillar Gels. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Liberman
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Peter W. Schmidt
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - McKenzie L. Coughlin
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Asia Matatyaho Ya’akobi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Jerrick Edmund
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - S. Piril Ertem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Svetlana Morozova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Macomolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Frank S. Bates
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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24
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Micklavzina BL, Metaxas AE, Dutcher CS. Microfluidic rheology of methylcellulose solutions in hyperbolic contractions and the effect of salt in shear and extensional flows. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:5273-5281. [PMID: 32459238 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methylcellulose solutions are known to form microfibrils at elevated temperatures or in the presence of salt. The fibrils have a significant impact on the solution's rheological properties. Here, the shear and extensional properties of methylcellulose solutions with added salt are measured using hyperbolic microfluidic channels, allowing for new characterization at lower molecular weights and higher shear and strain rates that are difficult to access by macroscale rheology studies. 1 and 2 wt% methylcellulose solutions with molecular weight of 150 kg mol-1 with NaCl content between 0 to 5 wt% have been characterized. All solutions were found to be shear thinning, with power law thinning behavior at shear rates above 100 s-1. The addition of NaCl up to 5 wt% had only small effects on shear viscosity at the shear rates probed (100 s-1 and 10 000 s-1). Extensional viscosities as low as 0.02 Pa s were also measured. Unlike the results for shear viscosity, the addition of 5 wt% NaCl caused significant changes in extensional viscosity, increasing by up to 10 times, depending on extension rate. Additionally, all solutions tested showed apparent extensional thinning in the high strain rate regime (>100 s-1), which has not been reported in other studies of methylcellulose solutions. These findings may provide insight for those using methylcellulose solutions in process designs involving extensional flows over a wide range of strain rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Micklavzina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Athena E Metaxas
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Cari S Dutcher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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25
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Kelnar I, Zhigunov A, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Dybal J. Synergistic effects in Methylcellulose/Hydroxyethylcellulose blend: Influence of components ratio and graphene oxide. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116077. [PMID: 32172890 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A specific feature of water-soluble polysaccharides is formation of organized structures in solutions. This study deals with an unexpected effect of 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) on structure and mechanical performance of methylcellulose (MC) films. The values of modulus with 5 and 10 % HEC content exceed those of the linear model, which indicates synergistic effect consisting in formation of ordered structures. However, higher content of HEC leads to worse properties corresponding to contribution of its lower parameters. The structural transformations are confirmed by XRD and polarized-light microscopy. Ability of HEC to support formation of ordered structures in MC solutions is indicated by rheology. Important fact is that low graphene oxide (GO) content has a high reinforcing effect on neat MC or HEC, but its presence in blends is accompanied by elimination of HEC-induced structural transformations. The results confirm complex effect of blending and GO on structure and properties of the MC/HEC system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic.
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 162 06 Praha, Czech Republic
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26
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Yang Y, Wu W, Liu H, Xu H, Zhong Y, Zhang L, Chen Z, Sui X, Mao Z. Aggregation behaviors of thermo-responsive methylcellulose in water: A molecular dynamics simulation study. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 97:107554. [PMID: 32035312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation behaviors of methylcellulose (MC) in aqueous solution were investigated using all-atom molecular dynamic simulations (MD). The interactions between MC chains and water molecules at different temperatures were investigated by a series of MD analyses, such as the solvent accessible surface area, number of hydrogen bonds, radial distribution functions and the interaction energies. Constant temperature simulations and heating simulations of MC aqueous solution were carried out in this work. In the simulations at three constant temperatures (25 °C, 50 °C and 75 °C), the aggregation behaviors of MC chains were affected by the temperature. In the heating simulation (25 °C ∼ 75 °C), temperature increases were accompanied by decreases in interactions between MC and water molecules, and by increases in interactions between MC chains, which led to the aggregation of MC chains. The degree of aggregation of MC chains increased with the rise of temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Textile College, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450007, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Xu
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| | - Yi Zhong
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Linping Zhang
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhize Chen
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xiaofeng Sui
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zhiping Mao
- Key Lab of Science and Technology of Eco-textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; National Engineering Research Center for Dyeing and Finishing of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
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27
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Hashemi P, Mischnick P. 1,4-D-Glucan block copolymers: synthesis and comprehensive structural characterization. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1597-1610. [PMID: 31960080 PMCID: PMC7026270 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02388-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-block glucans comprising permethylated and partially methylated blocks are compounds of interest. In order to monitor their formation by transglycosylation of corresponding starting glucans, a method has been developed and applied to model compounds. This method allows determining the average length of the blocks and the progress of incorporation of methyl blocks in partially methylated sequences with a random distribution. The method, comprising liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and electrospray ionization collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MSn) measurements of two types of peralkylated glucans representing derivatives of the target compounds, is comprehensively described and discussed. ESI-MSn allows looking into the sequences of oligomeric domains. In addition, transglycosylation is followed by attenuated total reflection FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Hashemi
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Mischnick
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany.
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28
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Schmidt PW, Morozova S, Ertem SP, Coughlin ML, Davidovich I, Talmon Y, Reineke TM, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Internal Structure of Methylcellulose Fibrils. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irina Davidovich
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yeshayahu Talmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, and the Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Morozova
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringCase Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA
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30
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Morozova S, Coughlin ML, Early JT, Ertem SP, Reineke TM, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Properties of Chemically Cross-Linked Methylcellulose Gels. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Dzobo K, Motaung KSCM, Adesida A. Recent Trends in Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioinks for 3D Printing: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4628. [PMID: 31540457 PMCID: PMC6788195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The promise of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering is founded on the ability to regenerate diseased or damaged tissues and organs into functional tissues and organs or the creation of new tissues and organs altogether. In theory, damaged and diseased tissues and organs can be regenerated or created using different configurations and combinations of extracellular matrix (ECM), cells, and inductive biomolecules. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can allow the improvement of patients' quality of life through availing novel treatment options. The coupling of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering with 3D printing, big data, and computational algorithms is revolutionizing the treatment of patients in a huge way. 3D bioprinting allows the proper placement of cells and ECMs, allowing the recapitulation of native microenvironments of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting utilizes different bioinks made up of different formulations of ECM/biomaterials, biomolecules, and even cells. The choice of the bioink used during 3D bioprinting is very important as properties such as printability, compatibility, and physical strength influence the final construct printed. The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides both physical and mechanical microenvironment needed by cells to survive and proliferate. Decellularized ECM bioink contains biochemical cues from the original native ECM and also the right proportions of ECM proteins. Different techniques and characterization methods are used to derive bioinks from several tissues and organs and to evaluate their quality. This review discusses the uses of decellularized ECM bioinks and argues that they represent the most biomimetic bioinks available. In addition, we briefly discuss some polymer-based bioinks utilized in 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Medical Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | | | - Adetola Adesida
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada.
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32
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Effect of organic anion with multiple hydrophobic sites on gelation and phase separation in aqueous methylcellulose solution: Beyond simple salting-in effect. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Singh RP, Kundu PP. Studies on rheological, thermal, and morphological properties of methylcellulose gel in aqueous medium. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Pal Singh
- Department of ChemistryGeneral Shivdev Singh Diwan Gurbachan Singh Khalsa College Patiala Punjab India
| | - Patit Paban Kundu
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee Uttarakhand India
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Isa Ziembowicz F, de Freitas DV, Bender CR, dos Santos Salbego PR, Piccinin Frizzo C, Pinto Martins MA, Reichert JM, Santos Garcia IT, Kloster CL, Villetti MA. Effect of mono- and dicationic ionic liquids on the viscosity and thermogelation of methylcellulose in the semi-diluted regime. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 214:174-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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35
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Hynninen V, Mohammadi P, Wagermaier W, Hietala S, Linder MB, Ikkala O, Nonappa. Methyl cellulose/cellulose nanocrystal nanocomposite fibers with high ductility. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Nishimori K, Cazares-Cortes E, Guigner JM, Tournilhac F, Ouchi M. Physical gelation of AB-alternating copolymers made of vinyl phenol and maleimide units: cooperation between precisely incorporated phenol and long alkyl pendant groups. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00329k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alternating copolymers of vinyl phenol and alkyl maleimide gave organogel in aromatic solvents. The gelation was induced by segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Nishimori
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | | | - Jean-Michel Guigner
- Institut de Minéralogie
- de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie
- Sorbonne Université
- CNRS
- UMR 7590
| | | | - Makoto Ouchi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
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37
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Morozova S, Schmidt PW, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Effect of Poly(ethylene glycol) Grafting Density on Methylcellulose Fibril Formation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schmidt PW, Morozova S, Owens PM, Adden R, Li Y, Bates FS, Lodge TP. Molecular Weight Dependence of Methylcellulose Fibrillar Networks. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roland Adden
- Dow Pharma
and Food
Solutions, Bomlitz 05161, Germany
| | - Yongfu Li
- Analytical Sciences, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48667, United States
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Hynninen V, Hietala S, McKee JR, Murtomäki L, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O, Nonappa. Inverse Thermoreversible Mechanical Stiffening and Birefringence in a Methylcellulose/Cellulose Nanocrystal Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2795-2804. [PMID: 29733648 PMCID: PMC6095634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We show that composite hydrogels comprising methyl cellulose (MC) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) colloidal rods display a reversible and enhanced rheological storage modulus and optical birefringence upon heating, i.e., inverse thermoreversibility. Dynamic rheology, quantitative polarized optical microscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), circular dichroism (CD), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) were used for characterization. The concentration of CNCs in aqueous media was varied up to 3.5 wt % (i.e, keeping the concentration below the critical aq concentration) while maintaining the MC aq concentration at 1.0 wt %. At 20 °C, MC/CNC underwent gelation upon passing the CNC concentration of 1.5 wt %. At this point, the storage modulus ( G') reached a plateau, and the birefringence underwent a stepwise increase, thus suggesting a percolative phenomenon. The storage modulus ( G') of the composite gels was an order of magnitude higher at 60 °C compared to that at 20 °C. ITC results suggested that, at 60 °C, the CNC rods were entropically driven to interact with MC chains, which according to recent studies collapse at this temperature into ring-like, colloidal-scale persistent fibrils with hollow cross-sections. Consequently, the tendency of the MC to form more persistent aggregates promotes the interactions between the CNC chiral aggregates towards enhanced storage modulus and birefringence. At room temperature, ITC shows enthalpic binding between CNCs and MC with the latter comprising aqueous, molecularly dispersed polymer chains that lead to looser and less birefringent material. TEM, SEM, and CD indicate CNC chiral fragments within a MC/CNC composite gel. Thus, MC/CNC hybrid networks offer materials with tunable rheological properties and access to liquid crystalline properties at low CNC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Hynninen
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Sami Hietala
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 HY Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Lasse Murtomäki
- Departments
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering and Chemistry and Materials
Science, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Orlando J. Rojas
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16300, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16300, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
| | - Nonappa
- Department
of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto
University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 16300, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland
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Su X, Feng Y. Thermoviscosifying Smart Polymers for Oil and Gas Production: State of the Art. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1941-1955. [PMID: 29888849 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble polymers have been extensively used in all sections of the oil and gas upstream industry, but their inherent thermothinning behaviour has limited their applications in harsh environments. To address this issue, thermoviscosifying (or "thermothickening") polymers (TVPs) whose aqueous solution viscosity automatically increases upon increasing the temperature were introduced in the early 1990s. This review first recalls the background for developing such smart materials, followed by demonstrating the mechanism of thermothickening. Next, three major TVPs including N-alkyl substituted acrylamide copolymers, grafted polyethers, and cellulose derivatives are summarized with respect to their structure-property relationship, then their practical trials or potential uses in oil and gas drilling fluids, cementing slurries, hydraulic fracturing, steam flooding, and enhanced oil recovery are discussed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the current TVPs are commented and future prospects are discussed to close this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yujun Feng
- Polymer Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
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Abstract
Background The worldwide demand for the organ replacement or tissue regeneration is increasing steadily. The advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made it possible to regenerate such damaged organs or tissues into functional organ or tissue with the help of 3D bioprinting. The main component of the 3D bioprinting is the bioink, which is crucial for the development of functional organs or tissue structures. The bioinks used in 3D printing technology require so many properties which are vital and need to be considered during the selection. Combination of different methods and enhancements in properties are required to develop more successful bioinks for the 3D printing of organs or tissue structures. Main body This review consists of the recent state-of-art of polymer-based bioinks used in 3D printing for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The subsection projects the basic requirements for the selection of successful bioinks for 3D printing and developing 3D tissues or organ structures using combinations of bioinks such as cells, biomedical polymers and biosignals. Different bioink materials and their properties related to the biocompatibility, printability, mechanical properties, which are recently reported for 3D printing are discussed in detail. Conclusion Many bioinks formulations have been reported from cell-biomaterials based bioinks to cell-based bioinks such as cell aggregates and tissue spheroids for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Interestingly, more tunable bioinks, which are biocompatible for live cells, printable and mechanically stable after printing are emerging with the help of functional polymeric biomaterials, their modifications and blending of cells and hydrogels. These approaches show the immense potential of these bioinks to produce more complex tissue/organ structures using 3D bioprinting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janarthanan Gopinathan
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
| | - Insup Noh
- 1Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea.,2Convergence Institute of Biomedical Engineering & Biomaterials, Seoul National University of Science and Technology (Seoul Tech), Gongneung-ro 232, Nowon-Gu Seoul, 01811 Republic of Korea
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Vargas-Lara F, Douglas JF. Fiber Network Formation in Semi-Flexible Polymer Solutions: An Exploratory Computational Study. Gels 2018; 4:E27. [PMID: 30674803 PMCID: PMC6209269 DOI: 10.3390/gels4020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of gels through the bundling of semi-flexible polymer chains into fiber networks is ubiquitous in diverse manufactured and natural materials, and, accordingly, we perform exploratory molecular dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained model of semi-flexible polymers in a solution with attractive lateral interchain interactions to understand essential features of this type of gel formation. After showing that our model gives rise to fibrous gels resembling real gels of this kind, we investigate how the extent of fiber bundling influences the "melting" temperature, T m , and the emergent rigidification of model bundled fibers having a fixed number of chains, N, within them. Based on our preliminary observations, we suggest the fiber size is kinetically selected by a reduced thermodynamic driving force and a slowing of the dynamics within the fibers associated with their progressive rigidification with the inclusion of an increasing number of chains in the bundle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Vargas-Lara
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Jack F Douglas
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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Morozova S, Schmidt PW, Metaxas A, Bates FS, Lodge TP, Dutcher CS. Extensional Flow Behavior of Methylcellulose Solutions Containing Fibrils. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:347-352. [PMID: 35632910 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The extensional properties of semidilute aqueous methylcellulose (MC) solutions have been characterized. Pure aqueous MC solutions are shear-thinning liquids at room temperature. With the addition of 8 wt % NaCl, a fraction of MC self-assembles into long fibrils, which modify the rheological properties of the original MC solution. Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometry (CaBER) was used to characterize salt-free and 8 wt % NaCl solutions of MC at room temperature. The salt-free solutions exhibit only power-law behavior whereas solutions with NaCl exhibit both power-law and elastic regimes. As MC concentration increases, the extensional relaxation time also increases strongly, from 0.04 s at 0.5 wt % to 4 s at 1 wt %. In addition, the apparent extensional viscosity rapidly increases as a function of increasing MC concentration, from 40 Pa·s at 0.5 wt % to 1300 Pa·s at 1 wt %. This behavior is attributed to the presence of fibrils in the MC solutions containing NaCl.
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Lodge TP, Maxwell AL, Lott JR, Schmidt PW, McAllister JW, Morozova S, Bates FS, Li Y, Sammler RL. Gelation, Phase Separation, and Fibril Formation in Aqueous Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Solutions. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:816-824. [PMID: 29489329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The thermoresponsive behavior of a hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) sample in aqueous solutions has been studied by a powerful combination of characterization tools, including rheology, turbidimetry, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Consistent with prior literature, solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3 wt % exhibit a sharp drop in the dynamic viscoelastic moduli G' and G″ upon heating near 57 °C. The drop in moduli is accompanied by an abrupt increase in turbidity. All the evidence is consistent with this corresponding to liquid-liquid phase separation, leading to polymer-rich droplets in a polymer-depleted matrix. Upon further heating, the moduli increase, and G' exceeds G″, corresponding to gelation. CryoTEM in dilute solutions reveals that HPMC forms fibrils at the same temperature range where the moduli increase. SANS and SAXS confirm the appearance of fibrils over a range of concentration, and that their average diameter is ca. 18 nm; thus gelation is attributable to formation of a sample-spanning network of fibrils. These results are compared in detail with the closely related and well-studied methylcellulose (MC). The HPMC fibrils are generally shorter, more flexible, and contain more water than with MC, and the resulting gel at high temperatures has a much lower modulus. In addition to the differences in fibril structure, the key distinction between HPMC and MC is that the former undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation prior to forming fibrils and associated gelation, whereas the latter forms fibrils first. These results and their interpretation are compared with the prior literature, in light of the relatively recent discovery of the propensity of MC and HPMC to self-assemble into fibrils on heating.
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Almeida N, Rakesh L, Zhao J. The effect of kappa carrageenan and salt on thermoreversible gelation of methylcellulose. Polym Bull (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2256-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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46
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Parvari G, Rotbaum Y, Eichen Y, Rittel D. Impact-induced gelation in aqueous methylcellulose solutions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:12578-12581. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06378h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inverse-freezing materials were known to solidify when heated – now a new stimulus is shown to induce this transition within microseconds’ timescales: mechanical impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200008
- Israel
| | - Yonatan Rotbaum
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200008
- Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200008
- Israel
| | - Daniel Rittel
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
- Haifa 3200008
- Israel
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Turunen S, Kaisto S, Skovorodkin I, Mironov V, Kalpio T, Vainio S, Rak-Raszewska A. 3D bioprinting of the kidney—hype or hope? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3934/celltissue.2018.3.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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48
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Effect of polymer concentration and thermal history on the inverse thermogelation of hydroxypropylcellulose aqueous solutions. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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Morozova S, Lodge TP. Conformation of Methylcellulose as a Function of Poly(ethylene glycol) Graft Density. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:1274-1279. [PMID: 35650781 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.7b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight thiol-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (M ≈ 800) has been grafted onto a high molecular weight methylcellulose (MC, Mw ≈ 150000) by a facile thiol-ene click reaction; graft densities varied from 0.7% to 33% (grafts per anhydroglucose unit). Static and dynamic light scattering reveals that the overall radius of the chain increases systematically with graft density, in a manner in excellent agreement with theory. As the contour length remains unchanged, it is apparent that grafting leads to an increase in the persistence length of this semiflexible copolymer, by as much as a factor of 4. These results represent the first experimental verification of the excluded volume theory at low grafting densities, and demonstrate a promising synthetic platform for systematically increasing the persistence length of a model semiflexible, water-soluble polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Morozova
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Timothy P. Lodge
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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