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Guessous G, Blake L, Bui A, Woo Y, Manzanarez G. Disentangling the Web: An Interdisciplinary Review on the Potential and Feasibility of Spider Silk Bioproduction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:5412-5438. [PMID: 39136701 PMCID: PMC11388149 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
The remarkable material properties of spider silk, such as its high toughness and tensile strength combined with its low density, make it a highly sought-after material with myriad applications. In addition, the biological nature of spider silk makes it a promising, potentially sustainable alternative to many toxic or petrochemical-derived materials. Therefore, interest in the heterologous production of spider silk proteins has greatly increased over the past few decades, making recombinant spider silk an important frontier in biomanufacturing. This has resulted in a diversity of potential host organisms, a large space for sequence design, and a variety of downstream processing techniques and product applications for spider silk production. Here, we highlight advances in each of these technical aspects as well as white spaces therein, still ripe for further investigation and discovery. Additionally, industry landscaping, patent analyses, and interviews with Key Opinion Leaders help define both the research and industry landscapes. In particular, we found that though textiles dominated the early products proposed by companies, the versatile nature of spider silk has opened up possibilities in other industries, such as high-performance materials in automotive applications or biomedical therapies. While continuing enthusiasm has imbued scientists and investors alike, many technical and business considerations still remain unsolved before spider silk can be democratized as a high-performance product. We provide insights and strategies for overcoming these initial hurdles, and we highlight the importance of collaboration between academia, industry, and policy makers. Linking technical considerations to business and market entry strategies highlights the importance of a holistic approach for the effective scale-up and commercial viability of spider silk bioproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghita Guessous
- Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92092, United States
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
| | - Lauren Blake
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Tufts University Center for Cellular Agriculture (TUCCA), Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Anthony Bui
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Yelim Woo
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Gabriel Manzanarez
- Research Initiative, Nucleate, 88 Gordon Street #401, Brighton, Massachusetts 02135, United States
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92092, United States
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2
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Mendes G, Faulk B, Kaparthi B, Irion AR, Fong BL, Bayless K, Bondos SE. Genetic Functionalization of Protein-Based Biomaterials via Protein Fusions. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4639-4662. [PMID: 39074364 PMCID: PMC11323028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Proteins implement many useful functions, including binding ligands with unparalleled affinity and specificity, catalyzing stereospecific chemical reactions, and directing cell behavior. Incorporating proteins into materials has the potential to imbue devices with these desirable traits. This review highlights recent advances in creating active materials by genetically fusing a self-assembling protein to a functional protein. These fusion proteins form materials while retaining the function of interest. Key advantages of this approach include elimination of a separate functionalization step during materials synthesis, uniform and dense coverage of the material by the functional protein, and stabilization of the functional protein. This review focuses on macroscale materials and discusses (i) multiple strategies for successful protein fusion design, (ii) successes and limitations of the protein fusion approach, (iii) engineering solutions to bypass any limitations, (iv) applications of protein fusion materials, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, electronics, and biosensing, and (v) opportunities to further develop this useful technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela
Geraldo Mendes
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Fralin
Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia
Tech University, Roanoke, Virginia 24016, United States
| | - Britt Faulk
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bhavika Kaparthi
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Andrew R. Irion
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Brandon Look Fong
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Kayla Bayless
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bondos
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807-3260, United States
- Department
of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health, Bryan, Texas 77807, United States
- Department
of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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3
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Agapova OI, Ostrovsky DS, Khubetsova MK, Kerimov TZ, Borzenok SA, Bogush VG, Davydova LI, Cheperegin SE, Efimov AE, Agapov II, Debabov VG. Hydrogels Based on Recombinant Spidroin Stimulate Proliferation and Migration of Human Corneal Cells. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2023; 513:S41-S44. [PMID: 38472685 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496623600173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The effect of recombinant spidroin (RS) hydrogel (HG) on anterior epithelial cells and keratocytes of the human cornea was studied in vitro. Corneal injuries are highly prevalent in developing countries according to the World Health Organization. Various technologies have recently been proposed to restore the damaged surface of the cornea. Use of biodegradable silk-based materials, including recombinant analogs of the spider silk protein spidroin, is an important avenue of research in the field of wound healing and corneal regeneration. Spidroins are well known for their optimal balance of strength and elasticity. Given their biological compatibility, lack of immunogenicity, and biodegradability, spidroins provide a biomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. HGs based on RS rS2/12-RGDS were therefore tested for cytotoxicity toward isolated corneal epithelial cells and keratocytes with regard to possible changes in cell phenotype and migratory activity. A promising outlook and therapeutic potential were demonstrated for RS-based HGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Agapova
- Academician Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - D S Ostrovsky
- Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Kh Khubetsova
- Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Z Kerimov
- Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Borzenok
- Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Bogush
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - L I Davydova
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - S E Cheperegin
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
| | - A E Efimov
- Academician Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - I I Agapov
- Academician Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V G Debabov
- Kurchatov Institute National Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Välisalmi T, Bettahar H, Zhou Q, Linder MB. Pulling and analyzing silk fibers from aqueous solution using a robotic device. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 250:126161. [PMID: 37549763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Spiders, silkworms, and many other animals can spin silk with exceptional properties. However, artificially spun fibers often fall short of their natural counterparts partly due sub-optimal production methods. A variety of methods, such as wet-, dry-, and biomimetic spinning have been used. The methods are based on extrusion, whereas natural spinning also involves pulling. Another shortcoming is that there is a lack feedback control during extension. Here we demonstrate a robotic fiber pulling device that enables controlled pulling of silk fibers and in situ measurement of extensional forces during the pulling and tensile testing of the pulled fibers. The pulling device was used to study two types of silk-one recombinant spider silk (a structural variant of ADF3) and one regenerated silk fibroin. Also, dextran-a branched polysaccharide-was used as a reference material for the procedure due to its straightforward preparation and storage. No post-treatments were applied. The pulled regenerated silk fibroin fibers achieved high tensile strength in comparison to similar extrusion-based methods. The mechanical properties of the recombinant spider silk fibers seemed to be affected by the liquid-liquid phase separation of the silk proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Välisalmi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Houari Bettahar
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Centre of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland.
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5
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Trossmann VT, Lentz S, Scheibel T. Factors Influencing Properties of Spider Silk Coatings and Their Interactions within a Biological Environment. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:434. [PMID: 37623678 PMCID: PMC10455157 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials are an indispensable part of biomedical research. However, although many materials display suitable application-specific properties, they provide only poor biocompatibility when implanted into a human/animal body leading to inflammation and rejection reactions. Coatings made of spider silk proteins are promising alternatives for various applications since they are biocompatible, non-toxic and anti-inflammatory. Nevertheless, the biological response toward a spider silk coating cannot be generalized. The properties of spider silk coatings are influenced by many factors, including silk source, solvent, the substrate to be coated, pre- and post-treatments and the processing technique. All these factors consequently affect the biological response of the environment and the putative application of the appropriate silk coating. Here, we summarize recently identified factors to be considered before spider silk processing as well as physicochemical characterization methods. Furthermore, we highlight important results of biological evaluations to emphasize the importance of adjustability and adaption to a specific application. Finally, we provide an experimental matrix of parameters to be considered for a specific application and a guided biological response as exemplarily tested with two different fibroblast cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa T. Trossmann
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Lentz
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Chair of Biomaterials, Faculty of Engineering Science, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Straße 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (V.T.T.); (S.L.)
- Bayreuth Center for Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Materials Center (BayMAT), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
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6
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Novosadova EV, Dolotov OV, Novosadova LV, Davydova LI, Sidoruk KV, Arsenyeva EL, Shimchenko DM, Debabov VG, Bogush VG, Tarantul VZ. Composite Coatings Based on Recombinant Spidroins and Peptides with Motifs of the Extracellular Matrix Proteins Enhance Neuronal Differentiation of Neural Precursor Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054871. [PMID: 36902300 PMCID: PMC10003142 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The production and transplantation of functionally active human neurons is a promising approach to cell therapy. Biocompatible and biodegradable matrices that effectively promote the growth and directed differentiation of neural precursor cells (NPCs) into the desired neuronal types are very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of novel composite coatings (CCs) containing recombinant spidroins (RSs) rS1/9 and rS2/12 in combination with recombinant fused proteins (FP) carrying bioactive motifs (BAP) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins for the growth of NPCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and their differentiation into neurons. NPCs were produced by the directed differentiation of human iPSCs. The growth and differentiation of NPCs cultured on different CC variants were compared with a Matrigel (MG) coating using qPCR analysis, immunocytochemical staining, and ELISA. An investigation revealed that the use of CCs consisting of a mixture of two RSs and FPs with different peptide motifs of ECMs increased the efficiency of obtaining neurons differentiated from iPSCs compared to Matrigel. CC consisting of two RSs and FPs with Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and heparin binding peptide (HBP) is the most effective for the support of NPCs and their neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina V. Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Oleg V. Dolotov
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V. Novosadova
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I. Davydova
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin V. Sidoruk
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena L. Arsenyeva
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya M. Shimchenko
- Laboratory of Cell Differentiation, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Debabov
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G. Bogush
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Z. Tarantul
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurogenetics and Innate Immunity, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, 123182 Moscow, Russia
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7
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Gonzalez-Obeso C, Jane Hartzell E, Albert Scheel R, Kaplan DL. Delivering on the promise of recombinant silk-inspired proteins for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 192:114622. [PMID: 36414094 PMCID: PMC9812964 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective drug delivery is essential for the success of a medical treatment. Polymeric drug delivery systems (DDSs) are preferred over systemic administration of drugs due to their protection capacity, directed release, and reduced side effects. Among the numerous polymer sources, silks and recombinant silks have drawn significant attention over the past decade as DDSs. Native silk is produced from a variety of organisms, which are then used as sources or guides of genetic material for heterologous expression or engineered designs. Recombinant silks bear the outstanding properties of natural silk, such as processability in aqueous solution, self-assembly, drug loading capacity, drug stabilization/protection, and degradability, while incorporating specific properties beneficial for their success as DDS, such as monodispersity and tailored physicochemical properties. Moreover, the on-demand inclusion of sequences that customize the DDS for the specific application enhances efficiency. Often, inclusion of a drug into a DDS is achieved by simple mixing or diffusion and stabilized by non-specific molecular interactions; however, these interactions can be improved by the incorporation of drug-binding peptide sequences. In this review we provide an overview of native sources for silks and silk sequences, as well as the design and formulation of recombinant silk biomaterials as drug delivery systems in a variety of formats, such as films, hydrogels, porous sponges, or particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constancio Gonzalez-Obeso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Emily Jane Hartzell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Ryan Albert Scheel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA.
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8
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Goncalves AG, Hartzell EJ, Sullivan MO, Chen W. Recombinant protein polymer-antibody conjugates for applications in nanotechnology and biomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114570. [PMID: 36228897 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there are over 100 antibody-based therapeutics on the market for the treatment of various diseases. The increasing importance of antibody treatment is further highlighted by the recent FDA emergency use authorization of certain antibody therapies for COVID-19 treatment. Protein-based materials have gained momentum for antibody delivery due to their biocompatibility, tunable chemistry, monodispersity, and straightforward synthesis and purification. In this review, we discuss progress in engineering the molecular features of protein-based biomaterials, in particular recombinant protein polymers, for introducing novel functionalities and enhancing the delivery properties of antibodies and related binding protein domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Goncalves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Emily J Hartzell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Millicent O Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
| | - Wilfred Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, 150 Academy Street, Newark, DE 19716, United States.
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9
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Bargel H, Trossmann VT, Sommer C, Scheibel T. Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:902-921. [PMID: 36127898 PMCID: PMC9475208 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion to material surfaces is crucial for almost all organisms regarding subsequent biological responses. Mammalian cell attachment to a surrounding biological matrix is essential for maintaining their survival and function concerning tissue formation. Conversely, the adhesion and presence of microbes interferes with important multicellular processes of tissue development. Therefore, tailoring bioselective, biologically active, and multifunctional materials for biomedical applications is a modern focus of biomaterial research. Engineering biomaterials that stimulate and interact with cell receptors to support binding and subsequent physiological responses of multicellular systems attracted much interest in the last years. Further to this, the increasing threat of multidrug resistance of pathogens against antibiotics to human health urgently requires new material concepts for preventing microbial infestation and biofilm formation. Thus, materials exhibiting microbial repellence or antimicrobial behaviour to reduce inflammation, while selectively enhancing regeneration in host tissues are of utmost interest. In this context, protein-based materials are interesting candidates due to their natural origin, biological activity, and structural properties. Silk materials, in particular those made of spider silk proteins and their recombinant counterparts, are characterized by extraordinary properties including excellent biocompatibility, slow biodegradation, low immunogenicity, and non-toxicity, making them ideally suited for tissue engineering and biomedical applications. Furthermore, recombinant production technologies allow for application-specific modification to develop adjustable, bioactive materials. The present review focusses on biological processes and surface interactions involved in the bioselective adhesion of mammalian cells and repellence of microbes on protein-based material surfaces. In addition, it highlights the importance of materials made of recombinant spider silk proteins, focussing on the progress regarding bioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bargel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Vanessa T Trossmann
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christoph Sommer
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Thomas Scheibel
- Department of Biomaterials, University of Bayreuth, Prof.-Rüdiger-Bormann-Str. 1, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Material Science and Engineering (BayMat), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center of Colloids and Interfaces (BZKG), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bayreuth Center for Molecular Biosciences (BZMB), University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Mikhailova MM, Sydoruk KV, Davydova LI, Yastremsky EV, Chvalun SN, Debabov VG, Bogush VG, Panteleyev AA. Nonwoven spidroin materials as scaffolds for ex vivo cultivation of aortic fragments and dorsal root ganglia. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2022; 33:1685-1703. [PMID: 35499451 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2022.2073426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant spidroins (RS; the analogues of silk proteins of spider's web) have multiple properties beneficial for bioengineering, including their suitability for electrospinning and thus, for production of materials with oriented fibers. This makes RS-based matrices potentially effective in stimulating regeneration of peripheral nerves. The restoration of injured nerves also depends on prompt regrowth of blood vessels. Therefore, prospective scaffold materials for neuro-regenerative therapy should positively affect both the nerves and the blood vessels. Currently, the experimental models suitable for culturing and quantitative assessment of the vascular and neuronal cells on the same material are lacking. Here, we assessed the suitability of electrospun RS-based matrices for cultivation of the mouse aorta and dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants. We also quantified the effects of matrix topography upon both types of tissues. The RS-based materials have effectively supported aortic explants survival and sprouting. The cumulative length of endothelial sprouts on rS1/9-coated inserts was significantly higher as compared to type I collagen coatings, suggesting stimulatory effects on angiogenesis in vitro. In contrast to matrices with random fibers, on matrices with parallel fibers the migration of both smooth muscle and endothelial cells was highly oriented. Furthermore, alignment of RS fibers effectively directs the growth of axons and the migration of Schwann cells from DRGs. Thus, the electrospun RS matrices are highly suitable to culture both, the DRGs and aortic explants and to study the effects of matrix topography on cell migration. This model has a high potential for further endeavor into interactions of nerve and vascular cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin V Sydoruk
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lubov I Davydova
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy V Yastremsky
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir G Debabov
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Bogush
- National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia.,National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute» - GosNIIGenetika, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Diverse silk and silk-like proteins derived from terrestrial and marine organisms and their applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 136:56-71. [PMID: 34551332 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organisms develop unique systems in a given environment. In the process of adaptation, they employ materials in a clever way, which has inspired mankind extensively. Understanding the behavior and material properties of living organisms provides a way to emulate these natural systems and engineer various materials. Silk is a material that has been with human for over 5000 years, and the success of mass production of silkworm silk has realized its applications to medical, pharmaceutical, optical, and even electronic fields. Spider silk, which was characterized later, has expanded the application sectors to textile and military materials based on its tough mechanical properties. Because silk proteins are main components of these materials and there are abundant creatures producing silks that have not been studied, the introduction of new silk proteins would be a breakthrough of engineering materials to open innovative industry fields. Therefore, in this review, we present diverse silk and silk-like proteins and how they are utilized with respect to organism's survival. Here, the range of organisms are not constrained to silkworms and spiders but expanded to other insects, and even marine creatures which produce silk-like proteins that are not observed in terrestrial silks. This viewpoint broadening of silk and silk-like proteins would suggest diverse targets of engineering to design promising silk-based materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Silk has been developed as a biomedical material due to unique mechanical and chemical properties. For decades, silks from various silkworm and spider species have been intensively studied. More recently, other silk and silk-like proteins with different sequences and structures have been reported, not only limited to terrestrial organisms (honeybee, green lacewing, caddisfly, and ant), but also from marine creatures (mussel, squid, sea anemone, and pearl oyster). Nevertheless, there has hardly been well-organized literature on silks from such organisms. Regarding the relationship among sequence-structure-properties, this review addresses how silks have been utilized with respect to organism's survival. Finally, this information aims to improve the understanding of diverse silk and silk-like proteins which can offer a significant interest to engineering fields.
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Rosén T, Hsiao BS, Söderberg LD. Elucidating the Opportunities and Challenges for Nanocellulose Spinning. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2001238. [PMID: 32830341 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Man-made continuous fibers play an essential role in society today. With the increase in global sustainability challenges, there is a broad spectrum of societal needs where the development of advanced biobased fibers could provide means to address the challenges. Biobased regenerated fibers, produced from dissolved cellulose are widely used today for clothes, upholstery, and linens. With new developments in the area of advanced biobased fibers, it would be possible to compete with high-performance synthetic fibers such as glass fibers and carbon fibers as well as to provide unique functionalities. One possible development is to fabricate fibers by spinning filaments from nanocellulose, Nature's nanoscale high-performance building block, which will require detailed insights into nanoscale assembly mechanisms during spinning, as well as knowledge regarding possible functionalization. If successful, this could result in a new class of man-made biobased fibers. This work aims to identify the progress made in the field of spinning of nanocellulose filaments, as well as outline necessary steps for efficient fabrication of such nanocellulose-based filaments with controlled and predictable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Rosén
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden
| | - Benjamin S Hsiao
- Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3400, USA
| | - L Daniel Söderberg
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, S-100 44, Sweden
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Kucharczyk K, Kaczmarek K, Jozefczak A, Slachcinski M, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Hyperthermia treatment of cancer cells by the application of targeted silk/iron oxide composite spheres. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 120:111654. [PMID: 33545822 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are one of the most extensively studied materials for theranostic applications. IONPs can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), delivery of therapeutics, and hyperthermia treatment. Silk is a biocompatible material and can be used for biomedical applications. Previously, we produced spheres made of H2.1MS1 bioengineered silk that specifically carried a drug to the Her2-overexpressing cancer cells. To confer biocompatibility and targeting properties to IONPs, we blended these particles with bioengineered spider silks. Three bioengineered silks (MS1Fe1, MS1Fe2, and MS1Fe1Fe2) functionalized with the adhesion peptides F1 and F2, were constructed and investigated to form the composite spheres with IONPs carrying a positive or negative charge. Due to its highest IONP content, MS1Fe1 silk was used to produce spheres from the H2.1MS1:MS1Fe silk blend to obtain a carrier with cell-targeting properties. Composite H2.1MS1:MS1Fe1/IONP spheres made of silks blended at different ratios were obtained. Although the increased content of MS1Fe1 silk in particles resulted in an increased affinity of the spheres to IONPs, it decreased the binding of the composite particles to cancer cells. The H2.1MS1:MS1Fe1 particles prepared at a ratio of 8:2 and loaded with IONPs exhibited the ability to bind to the targeted cancer cells similar to the control spheres without IONPs. Moreover, when exposed to the alternating magnetic field, these particles generated 2.5 times higher heat. They caused an almost three times higher percentage of apoptosis in cancer cells than the control particles. The blending of silks enabled the generation of cancer-targeting spheres with a high affinity for iron oxide nanoparticles, which can be used for anti-cancer hyperthermia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kucharczyk
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kaczmarek
- Chair of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Jozefczak
- Chair of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Slachcinski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland; Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.
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Functionalization of amyloid fibrils via the Bri2 BRICHOS domain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21765. [PMID: 33303867 PMCID: PMC7730125 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are mechanically robust and partly resistant to proteolytic degradation, making them potential candidates for scaffold materials in cell culture, tissue engineering, drug delivery and other applications. Such applications of amyloids would benefit from the possibility to functionalize the fibrils, for example by adding growth factors or cell attachment sites. The BRICHOS domain is found in a family of human proteins that harbor particularly amyloid-prone regions and can reduce aggregation as well as toxicity of several different amyloidogenic peptides. Recombinant human (rh) BRICHOS domains have been shown to bind to the surface of amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils by immune electron microscopy. Here we produce fusion proteins between mCherry and rh Bri2 BRICHOS and show that they can bind to different amyloid fibrils with retained fluorescence of mCherry in vitro as well as in cultured cells. This suggests a “generic” ability of the BRICHOS domain to bind fibrillar surfaces that can be used to synthesize amyloid decorated with different protein functionalities.
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Seijsing F, Nilebäck L, Öhman O, Pasupuleti R, Ståhl C, Seijsing J, Hedhammar M. Recombinant spider silk coatings functionalized with enzymes targeting bacteria and biofilms. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e993. [PMID: 32032479 PMCID: PMC7142364 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria forming biofilms on surgical implants is a problem that might be alleviated by the use of antibacterial coatings. In this article, recombinant spider silk was functionalized with the peptidoglycan degrading endolysin SAL-1 from the staphylococcal bacteriophage SAP-1 and the biofilm-matrix-degrading enzyme Dispersin B from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using direct genetic fusion and/or covalent protein-protein fusion catalyzed by Sortase A. Spider silk assembly and enzyme immobilization was monitored using quartz crystal microbalance analysis. Enzyme activity was investigated both with a biochemical assay using cleavage of fluorescent substrate analogues and bacterial assays for biofilm degradation and turbidity reduction. Spider silk coatings functionalized with SAL-1 and Disperin B were found to exhibit bacteriolytic effect and inhibit biofilm formation, respectively. The strategy to immobilize antibacterial enzymes to spider silk presented herein show potential to be used as surface coatings of surgical implants and other medical equipment to avoid bacterial colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Seijsing
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein ScienceSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Oskar Öhman
- Department of Protein ScienceSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Rajeev Pasupuleti
- Department of Protein ScienceSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Camilla Ståhl
- Department of Protein ScienceSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
| | - Johan Seijsing
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe Wenner‐Gren InstituteStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein ScienceSchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of TechnologyAlbaNova University CenterStockholmSweden
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Kucharczyk K, Florczak A, Deptuch T, Penderecka K, Jastrzebska K, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. Drug affinity and targeted delivery: double functionalization of silk spheres for controlled doxorubicin delivery into Her2-positive cancer cells. J Nanobiotechnology 2020; 18:56. [PMID: 32228620 PMCID: PMC7106823 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-020-00609-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal drug delivery system should be biocompatible, biodegradable, and allow the sustained release of the drug only after it reaches the target cells. Silk, as a natural polymer, is a great candidate for building drug carriers. Genetically engineered silks offer the possibility of functionalization. Previously, we characterized bioengineered silk spheres that were functionalized with H2.1 peptide that selectively delivered a drug to Her2-positive cancer cells. However, drug leakage from the silk spheres showed the need for improved control. RESULTS To control the drug loading and release, we designed and produced functional silk (DOXMS2) that contains a DOX peptide with an affinity for doxorubicin. The DOXMS2 spheres showed the decreased release of doxorubicin compared with MS2 particles. Next, the DOXMS2 silk was blended with the H2.1MS1 polymer to improve the control of doxorubicin binding and release into Her2-positive cancer cells. The H2.1MS1:DOXMS2 particles showed the highest doxorubicin-loading capacity and binding per cell, which resulted in the highest cytotoxic effect compared with that of other sphere variants. Since drug release at a pH of 7.4 from the blended H2.1MS1:DOXMS2 particles was significantly lower than from blended spheres without DOXMS2 silk, this indicated that such particles could control the release of the drug into the circulatory system before the carrier reached the tumor site. CONCLUSIONS This strategy, which is based on the blending of silks, allows for the generation of particles that deliver drugs in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kucharczyk
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Florczak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Deptuch
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Penderecka
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jastrzebska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
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Peng CA, Kozubowski L, Marcotte WR. Advances in Plant-Derived Scaffold Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:122. [PMID: 32161608 PMCID: PMC7052361 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Scaffold proteins form critical biomatrices that support cell adhesion and proliferation for regenerative medicine and drug screening. The increasing demand for such applications urges solutions for cost effective and sustainable supplies of hypoallergenic and biocompatible scaffold proteins. Here, we summarize recent efforts in obtaining plant-derived biosynthetic spider silk analogue and the extracellular matrix protein, collagen. Both proteins are composed of a large number of tandem block repeats, which makes production in bacterial hosts challenging. Furthermore, post-translational modification of collagen is essential for its function which requires co-transformation of multiple copies of human prolyl 4-hydroxylase. We discuss our perspectives on how the GAANTRY system could potentially assist the production of native-sized spider dragline silk proteins and prolyl hydroxylated collagen. The potential of recombinant scaffold proteins in drug delivery and drug discovery is also addressed.
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Güler R, Thatikonda N, Ghani HA, Hedhammar M, Löfblom J. VEGFR2-Specific Ligands Based on Affibody Molecules Demonstrate Agonistic Effects when Tetrameric in the Soluble Form or Immobilized via Spider Silk. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6474-6484. [PMID: 33417800 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strategies to promote vascularization are being developed in order to improve long-term survival of artificial tissue constructs. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has an important role in both pathological and physiological angiogenesis, mediated by binding to VEGF receptors (VEGFRs). In nature, signaling can be modulated by presentation of growth factors in either soluble form or bound to the extracellular matrix. Herein, a previously reported VEGFR2-binding antagonistic affibody heterodimer (di-ZVEGFR2) was formatted into a tetrameric construct (tetra-ZVEGFR2) with the intention of generating artificial agonistic ligands for VEGFR2 signaling. In vitro cell assays demonstrated that tetra-ZVEGFR2 induced VEGFR2 phosphorylation and increased cell proliferation, in contrast to di-ZVEGFR2. In order to simulate matrix-bound factors, both constructs were fused at the genetic level to a partial spider silk protein, 4RepCT. Assembly of the silk fusion proteins onto a solid surface was verified by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation analysis. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated retained VEGFR2 binding ability of di-ZVEGFR2-silk and tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk after silk-mediated immobilization. Cell culture studies demonstrated that VEGFR2-overexpressing cells adhered to di-ZVEGFR2-silk and tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk and had activated VEGFR2 signaling. Altogether, we demonstrate the potential of especially tetra-ZVEGFR2-silk to promote angiogenesis in tissue-engineering applications. The results from the study also show that molecules can obtain completely new functions when presented on materials, and verifying the biological effects after functionalizing materials is thus always recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezan Güler
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hawraa Ali Ghani
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Löfblom
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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Franco AR, Fernandes EM, Rodrigues MT, Rodrigues FJ, Gomes ME, Leonor IB, Kaplan DL, Reis RL. Antimicrobial coating of spider silk to prevent bacterial attachment on silk surgical sutures. Acta Biomater 2019; 99:236-246. [PMID: 31505301 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Nowadays, the research is focused on the development of new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allows to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Thus, our goal was to bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP (6mer-HNP1) as an antibacterial drug-free coating for commercial silk sutures (Perma-Hand®) for decreasing bacterial infections. Perma-Hand® sutures were coated with 6mer-HNP1 by dip coating. In vitro tests, using human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC5), showed that coated sutures sustained cell viability, and also, the contact with red blood cells (RBCs) demonstrate blood compatibility. Also, the coatings inhibited significantly the adherence and formation of biofilm, where sutures coated with 6mer-HNP1 produced a 1.5 log reduction of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a 2 log reduction of Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared to the uncoated Perma-Hand® suture. The mechanical properties of Perma-Hand® sutures were not affected by the presence of bioengineered spider silk proteins. Thus, the present work demonstrated that using spider silk drug-free coatings it is possible to improve the antibacterial properties of the commercial sutures. Furthermore, a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections can be developed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Microbial infections from post-surgery or other medical-related procedure is a serious health problem. Developing new drug-free materials with antibacterial properties is an approach to prevent or minimize the risk of infections. Spider silk is known for its unique biomechanical properties allied with biocompatibility. Recombinant DNA technology allow to bioengineering spider silk with antimicrobial peptides (AMP). Our goal is bioengineered spider silk proteins with AMP as an antibacterial coating for silk sutures. The coatings showed exceptional antibacterial properties and maintained intrinsic mechanical features. In vitro studies showed a positive effect of the coated sutures on the cell behavior. With this new drug-free bioengineered spider silk coating is possible to develop a new class of drug-free sutures for reducing post-implantation infections.
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Werten MWT, Eggink G, Cohen Stuart MA, de Wolf FA. Production of protein-based polymers in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:642-666. [PMID: 30902728 PMCID: PMC6624476 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Materials science and genetic engineering have joined forces over the last three decades in the development of so-called protein-based polymers. These are proteins, typically with repetitive amino acid sequences, that have such physical properties that they can be used as functional materials. Well-known natural examples are collagen, silk, and elastin, but also artificial sequences have been devised. These proteins can be produced in a suitable host via recombinant DNA technology, and it is this inherent control over monomer sequence and molecular size that renders this class of polymers of particular interest to the fields of nanomaterials and biomedical research. Traditionally, Escherichia coli has been the main workhorse for the production of these polymers, but the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris is finding increased use in view of the often high yields and potential bioprocessing benefits. We here provide an overview of protein-based polymers produced in P. pastoris. We summarize their physicochemical properties, briefly note possible applications, and detail their biosynthesis. Some challenges that may be faced when using P. pastoris for polymer production are identified: (i) low yields and poor process control in shake flask cultures; i.e., the need for bioreactors, (ii) proteolytic degradation, and (iii) self-assembly in vivo. Strategies to overcome these challenges are discussed, which we anticipate will be of interest also to readers involved in protein expression in P. pastoris in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc W T Werten
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit Eggink
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands; Bioprocess Engineering, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martien A Cohen Stuart
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, NL-6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A de Wolf
- Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, NL-6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nilebäck L, Widhe M, Seijsing J, Bysell H, Sharma PK, Hedhammar M. Bioactive Silk Coatings Reduce the Adhesion of Staphylococcus aureus while Supporting Growth of Osteoblast-like Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:24999-25007. [PMID: 31241302 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Orthopedic and dental implants are associated with a substantial risk of failure due to biomaterial-associated infections and poor osseointegration. To prevent such outcomes, a coating can be applied on the implant to ideally both reduce the risk of bacterial adhesion and support establishment of osteoblasts. We present a strategy to construct dual-functional silk coatings with such properties. Silk coatings were made from a recombinant partial spider silk protein either alone (silkwt) or fused with a cell-binding motif derived from fibronectin (FN-silk). The biofilm-dispersal enzyme Dispersin B (DspB) and two peptidoglycan degrading endolysins, PlySs2 and SAL-1, were produced recombinantly. A sortase recognition tag (SrtTag) was included to allow site-specific conjugation of each enzyme onto silkwt and FN-silk coatings using an engineered variant of the transpeptidase Sortase A (SrtA*). To evaluate bacterial adhesion on the samples, Staphylococcus aureus was incubated on the coatings and subsequently subjected to live/dead staining. Fluorescence microscopy revealed a reduced number of bacteria on all silk coatings containing enzymes. Moreover, the bacteria were mobile to a higher degree, indicating a negative influence on the bacterial adhesion. The capability to support mammalian cell interactions was assessed by cultivation of the osteosarcoma cell line U-2 OS on dual-functional surfaces, prepared by conjugating the enzymes onto FN-silk coatings. U-2 OS cells could adhere to silk coatings with enzymes and showed high spreading and viability, demonstrating good cell compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Johan Seijsing
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute , Stockholm University , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Helena Bysell
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden , SE-11486 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Prashant K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Groningen and University Medical Center of Groningen , NL-9713AV Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , AlbaNova University Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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Chouhan D, Das P, Thatikonda N, Nandi SK, Hedhammar M, Mandal BB. Silkworm Silk Matrices Coated with Functionalized Spider Silk Accelerate Healing of Diabetic Wounds. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3537-3548. [PMID: 33405736 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Complex cutaneous wounds like diabetic foot ulcers represent a critical clinical challenge and demand a large-scale and low-cost strategy for effective treatment. Herein, we use a rabbit animal model to investigate efficacy of bioactive wound dressings made up of silk biomaterials. Nanofibrous mats of Antheraea assama silkworm silk fibroin (AaSF) are coated with various recombinant spider silk fusion proteins through silk-silk interactions to fabricate multifunctional wound dressings. Two different types of spider silk coatings are used to compare their healing efficiency: FN-4RepCT (contains a cell binding motif derived from fibronectin) and Lac-4RepCT (contains a cationic antimicrobial peptide from lactoferricin). AaSF mats coated with spider silk show accelerated wound healing properties in comparison to the uncoated mats. Among the spider silk coated variants, dual coating of FN-4RepCT and Lac-4RepCT on top of AaSF mat demonstrated better wound healing efficiency, followed by FN-4RepCT and Lac-4RepCT single coated counterparts. The in vivo study also reveals excellent skin regeneration by the functionalized silk dressings in comparison to commercially used Duoderm dressing and untreated wounds. The spider silk coatings demonstrate early granulation tissue development, re-epithelialization, and efficient matrix remodelling of wounds. The results thus validate potential of bioactive silk matrices in faster repair of diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Piyali Das
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm 106 91, Sweden
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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23
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Franco AR, Palma Kimmerling E, Silva C, Rodrigues FJ, Leonor IB, Reis RL, Kaplan DL. Silk‐Based Antimicrobial Polymers as a New Platform to Design Drug‐Free Materials to Impede Microbial Infections. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800262. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina R. Franco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | | | - Carla Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Rodrigues
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health SciencesUniversity of Minho 4805 Braga Portugal
| | - Isabel B. Leonor
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs – Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and BiomimeticsUniversity of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate Laboratory 4805 Braga/Guimarães Portugal
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision MedicineHeadquarters at University of Minho Avepark 4805‐017 Barco Guimarães Portugal
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringTufts University Medford MA 02155 USA
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24
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Li S, Chen C, Zhang D, Zhang X, Sun B, Lv S. Microwave-assisted fast and efficient dissolution of silkworm silk for constructing fibroin-based biomaterials. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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25
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Liebsch C, Bucan V, Menger B, Köhne F, Waldmann KH, Vaslaitis D, Vogt PM, Strauss S, Kuhbier JW. Preliminary investigations of spider silk in wounds in vivo — Implications for an innovative wound dressing. Burns 2018; 44:1829-1838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Thatikonda N, Nilebäck L, Kempe A, Widhe M, Hedhammar M. Bioactivation of Spider Silk with Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor for in Vitro Cell Culture: A Step toward Creation of Artificial ECM. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3384-3396. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Adam Kempe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 114 28, Sweden
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27
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Chouhan D, Thatikonda N, Nilebäck L, Widhe M, Hedhammar M, Mandal BB. Recombinant Spider Silk Functionalized Silkworm Silk Matrices as Potential Bioactive Wound Dressings and Skin Grafts. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:23560-23572. [PMID: 29940099 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b05853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Silk is considered to be a potential biomaterial for a wide number of biomedical applications. Silk fibroin (SF) can be retrieved in sufficient quantities from the cocoons produced by silkworms. While it is easy to formulate into scaffolds with favorable mechanical properties, the natural SF does not contain bioactive functions. Spider silk proteins, on the contrary, can be produced in fusion with bioactive protein domains, but the recombinant procedures are expensive, and large-scale production is challenging. We combine the two types of silk to fabricate affordable, functional tissue-engineered constructs for wound-healing applications. Nanofibrous mats and microporous scaffolds made of natural silkworm SF are used as a bulk material that are top-coated with the recombinant spider silk protein (4RepCT) in fusion with a cell-binding motif, antimicrobial peptides, and a growth factor. For this, the inherent silk properties are utilized to form interactions between the two silk types by self-assembly. The intended function, that is, improved cell adhesion, antimicrobial activity, and growth factor stimulation, could be demonstrated for the obtained functionalized silk mats. As a skin prototype, SF scaffolds coated with functionalized silk are cocultured with multiple cell types to demonstrate formation of a bilayered tissue construct with a keratinized epidermal layer under in vitro conditions. The encouraging results support this strategy of fabrication of an affordable bioactive SF-spider silk-based biomaterial for wound dressings and skin substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
| | - Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Linnea Nilebäck
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health , KTH Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
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28
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Petrou G, Jansson R, Högqvist M, Erlandsson J, Wågberg L, Hedhammar M, Crouzier T. Genetically Engineered Mucoadhesive Spider Silk. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3268-3279. [PMID: 29932649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucoadhesion is defined as the adhesion of a material to the mucus gel covering the mucous membranes. The mechanisms controlling mucoadhesion include nonspecific electrostatic interactions and specific interactions between the materials and the mucins, the heavily glycosylated proteins that form the mucus gel. Mucoadhesive materials can be used to develop mucosal wound dressings and noninvasive transmucosal drug delivery systems. Spider silk, which is strong, biocompatible, biodegradable, nontoxic, and lightweight would serve as an excellent base for the development of such materials. Here, we investigated two variants of the partial spider silk protein 4RepCT genetically engineered in order to functionalize them with mucoadhesive properties. The pLys-4RepCT variant was functionalized with six cationically charged lysines, aiming to provide nonspecific adhesion from electrostatic interactions with the anionically charged mucins, while the hGal3-4RepCT variant was genetically fused with the Human Galectin-3 Carbohydrate Recognition Domain which specifically binds the mucin glycans Galβ1-3GlcNAc and Galβ1-4GlcNAc. First, we demonstrated that coatings, fibers, meshes, and foams can be readily made from both silk variants. Measured by the adsorption of both bovine submaxillary mucin and pig gastric mucin, the newly produced silk materials showed enhanced mucin binding properties compared with materials of wild-type (4RepCT) silk. Moreover, we showed that pLys-4RepCT silk coatings bind mucins through electrostatic interactions, while hGal3-4RepCT silk coatings bind mucins through specific glycan-protein interactions. We envision that the two new mucoadhesive silk variants pLys-4RepCT and hGal3-4RepCT, alone or combined with other biofunctional silk proteins, constitute useful new building blocks for a range of silk protein-based materials for mucosal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Petrou
- Royal Instutute of Technology, KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Mark Högqvist
- Royal Instutute of Technology, KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Johan Erlandsson
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Fibre and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56 , Stockholm 10044 , Sweden
| | - Lars Wågberg
- Kungliga Tekniska Hogskolan, Fibre and Polymer Technology , Teknikringen 56 , Stockholm 10044 , Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Royal Instutute of Technology, KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
| | - Thomas Crouzier
- Royal Instutute of Technology, KTH, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Center , Stockholm 10691 , Sweden
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Gustafsson L, Jansson R, Hedhammar M, van der Wijngaart W. Structuring of Functional Spider Silk Wires, Coatings, and Sheets by Self-Assembly on Superhydrophobic Pillar Surfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704325. [PMID: 29205540 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spider silk has recently become a material of high interest for a large number of biomedical applications. Previous work on structuring of silk has resulted in particles (0D), fibers (1D), films (2D), and foams, gels, capsules, or microspheres (3D). However, the manufacturing process of these structures is complex and involves posttreatment of chemicals unsuitable for biological applications. In this work, the self-assembly of recombinant spider silk on micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces is studied. For the first time, structuring of recombinant spider silk is achieved using superhydrophobic surfaces under conditions that retain the bioactivity of the functionalized silk. By tuning the superhydrophobic surface geometry and the silk solution handling parameters, this approach allows controlled generation of silk coatings, nanowires, and sheets. The underlying mechanisms and governing parameters are discussed. It is believed that the results of this work pave the way for fabrication of silk formations for applications including vehicles for drug delivery, optical sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and cell culture scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Gustafsson
- Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- Division of Protein Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 21, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wouter van der Wijngaart
- Micro- and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Osquldas väg 10, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Deptuch T, Dams-Kozlowska H. Silk Materials Functionalized via Genetic Engineering for Biomedical Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E1417. [PMID: 29231863 PMCID: PMC5744352 DOI: 10.3390/ma10121417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The great mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability of silk-based materials make them applicable to the biomedical field. Genetic engineering enables the construction of synthetic equivalents of natural silks. Knowledge about the relationship between the structure and function of silk proteins enables the design of bioengineered silks that can serve as the foundation of new biomaterials. Furthermore, in order to better address the needs of modern biomedicine, genetic engineering can be used to obtain silk-based materials with new functionalities. Sequences encoding new peptides or domains can be added to the sequences encoding the silk proteins. The expression of one cDNA fragment indicates that each silk molecule is related to a functional fragment. This review summarizes the proposed genetic functionalization of silk-based materials that can be potentially useful for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Deptuch
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.
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31
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Nilebäck L, Chouhan D, Jansson R, Widhe M, Mandal BB, Hedhammar M. Silk-Silk Interactions between Silkworm Fibroin and Recombinant Spider Silk Fusion Proteins Enable the Construction of Bioactive Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:31634-31644. [PMID: 28846369 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural silk is easily accessible from silkworms and can be processed into different formats suitable as biomaterials and cell culture matrixes. Recombinant DNA technology enables chemical-free functionalization of partial silk proteins through fusion with peptide motifs and protein domains, but this constitutes a less cost-effective production process. Herein, we show that natural silk fibroin (SF) can be used as a bulk material that can be top-coated with a thin layer of the recombinant spider silk protein 4RepCT in fusion with various bioactive motifs and domains. The coating process is based on a silk assembly to achieve stable interactions between the silk types under mild buffer conditions. The assembly process was studied in real time by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Coatings, electrospun mats, and microporous scaffolds were constructed from Antheraea assama and Bombyx mori SFs. The morphology of the fibroin materials before and after coating with recombinant silk proteins was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. SF materials coated with various bioactive 4RepCT fusion proteins resulted in directed antibody capture, enzymatic activity, and improved cell attachment and spreading, respectively, compared to pristine SF materials. The herein-described procedure allows a fast and easy route for the construction of bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Nilebäck
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - My Hedhammar
- AlbaNova University Center, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Mittal N, Jansson R, Widhe M, Benselfelt T, Håkansson KMO, Lundell F, Hedhammar M, Söderberg LD. Ultrastrong and Bioactive Nanostructured Bio-Based Composites. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5148-5159. [PMID: 28475843 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Nature's design of functional materials relies on smart combinations of simple components to achieve desired properties. Silk and cellulose are two clever examples from nature-spider silk being tough due to high extensibility, whereas cellulose possesses unparalleled strength and stiffness among natural materials. Unfortunately, silk proteins cannot be obtained in large quantities from spiders, and recombinant production processes are so far rather expensive. We have therefore combined small amounts of functionalized recombinant spider silk proteins with the most abundant structural component on Earth (cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs)) to fabricate isotropic as well as anisotropic hierarchical structures. Our approach for the fabrication of bio-based anisotropic fibers results in previously unreached but highly desirable mechanical performance with a stiffness of ∼55 GPa, strength at break of ∼1015 MPa, and toughness of ∼55 MJ m-3. We also show that addition of small amounts of silk fusion proteins to CNF results in materials with advanced biofunctionalities, which cannot be anticipated for the wood-based CNF alone. These findings suggest that bio-based materials provide abundant opportunities to design composites with high strength and functionalities and bring down our dependence on fossil-based resources.
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33
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Harvey D, Bardelang P, Goodacre SL, Cockayne A, Thomas NR. Antibiotic Spider Silk: Site-Specific Functionalization of Recombinant Spider Silk Using "Click" Chemistry. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1604245. [PMID: 28028885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In a new, versatile approach to fun-ction-alizing recombinant spider silk, L-azidohomoalanine is introduced residue-specifically in the minispidroin protein 4RepCT through expression in an E. coli methionine auxotroph. Both fluorophores and the antibiotic levofloxacin are attached to this bio-orthogonal amino acid using copper-catalyzed click chemistry, either before or after the silk fibers are self-assembled.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Harvey
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Philip Bardelang
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Sara L Goodacre
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alan Cockayne
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Neil R Thomas
- School of Chemistry, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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34
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Nilebäck L, Hedin J, Widhe M, Floderus LS, Krona A, Bysell H, Hedhammar M. Self-Assembly of Recombinant Silk as a Strategy for Chemical-Free Formation of Bioactive Coatings: A Real-Time Study. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:846-854. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Nilebäck
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Hedin
- SP Technical Research Institute of Technology, SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Drottning Kristinas väg 45, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mona Widhe
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lotta S. Floderus
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Krona
- SP Technical Research Institute of Technology, SP Food and Bioscience, Soft Materials Science, Box 5401, SE-402 29 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Bysell
- SP Technical Research Institute of Technology, SP Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, Drottning Kristinas väg 45, SE-114 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - My Hedhammar
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Biotechnology, AlbaNova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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35
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Howell DW, Duran CL, Tsai SP, Bondos SE, Bayless KJ. Functionalization of Ultrabithorax Materials with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Enhances Angiogenic Activity. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3558-3569. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Howell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Camille L. Duran
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shang-Pu Tsai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sarah E. Bondos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department
of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kayla J. Bayless
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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36
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Wu H, Quan DN, Tsao C, Liu Y, Terrell JL, Luo X, Yang J, Payne GF, Bentley WE. Conferring biological activity to native spider silk: A biofunctionalized protein‐based microfiber. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:83-95. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan‐Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemical Science and TechnologyNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei CityTaiwan
| | - David N. Quan
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
| | - Chen‐Yu Tsao
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Yi Liu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
| | | | - Xiaolong Luo
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringCatholic University of AmericaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
| | - Jen‐Chang Yang
- School of Dental TechnologyTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Gregory F. Payne
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
| | - William E. Bentley
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology ResearchUniversity of MarylandCollege Park 20742Maryland
- Fischell Department of BioengineeringUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
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37
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Jastrzebska K, Felcyn E, Kozak M, Szybowicz M, Buchwald T, Pietralik Z, Jesionowski T, Mackiewicz A, Dams-Kozlowska H. The method of purifying bioengineered spider silk determines the silk sphere properties. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28106. [PMID: 27312998 PMCID: PMC4911573 DOI: 10.1038/srep28106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioengineered spider silks are a biomaterial with great potential for applications in biomedicine. They are biocompatible,biodegradable and can self-assemble into films, hydrogels, scaffolds, fibers, capsules and spheres. A novel, tag-free, bioengineered spider silk named MS2(9x) was constructed. It is a 9-mer of the consensus motif derived from MaSp2–the spidroin of Nephila clavipes dragline silk. Thermal and acidic extraction methods were used to purify MS2(9x). Both purification protocols gave a similar quantity and quality of soluble silk; however, they differed in the secondary structure and zeta potential value. Spheres made of these purified variants differed with regard to critical features such as particle size, morphology, zeta potential and drug loading. Independent of the purification method, neither variant of the MS2(9x) spheres was cytotoxic, which confirmed that both methods can be used for biomedical applications. However, this study highlights the impact that the applied purification method has on the further biomaterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jastrzebska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.,NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Maciej Kozak
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.,Joint Laboratory for SAXS Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Miroslaw Szybowicz
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Buchwald
- Faculty of Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Pietralik
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.,BioContract Sp. z o.o., 61-051 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Dams-Kozlowska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-688 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-688 Poznan, Poland
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Jansson R, Lau CH, Ishida T, Ramström M, Sandgren M, Hedhammar M. Functionalized silk assembled from a recombinant spider silk fusion protein (Z-4RepCT) produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:687-99. [PMID: 26814048 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Functional biological materials are a growing research area with potential applicability in medicine and biotechnology. Using genetic engineering, the possibility to introduce additional functions into spider silk-based materials has been realized. Recently, a recombinant spider silk fusion protein, Z-4RepCT, was produced intracellularly in Escherichia coli and could after purification self-assemble into silk-like fibers with ability to bind antibodies via the IgG-binding Z domain. In this study, the use of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris for production of Z-4RepCT has been investigated. Temperature, pH and production time were influencing the amount of soluble Z-4RepCT retrieved from the extracellular fraction. Purification of secreted Z-4RepCT resulted in a mixture of full-length and degraded silk proteins that failed to self-assemble into fibers. A position in the C-terminal domain of 4RepCT was identified as being subjected to proteolytic cleavage by proteases in the Pichia culture supernatant. Moreover, the C-terminal domain was subjected to glycosylation during production in P. pastoris. These observed alterations of the CT domain are suggested to contribute to the failure in fiber assembly. As alternative approach, Z-4RepCT retrieved from the intracellular fraction, which was less degraded, was used and shown to retain ability to assemble into silk-like fibers after enzymatic deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cheuk H Lau
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Takuya Ishida
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Margareta Ramström
- Department of Chemistry (BMC) and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Sandgren
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Thatikonda N, Delfani P, Jansson R, Petersson L, Lindberg D, Wingren C, Hedhammar M. Genetic fusion of single-chain variable fragments to partial spider silk improves target detection in micro- and nanoarrays. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:437-48. [PMID: 26470853 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immobilizing biomolecules with retained functionality and stability on solid supports is crucial for generation of sensitive immunoassays. However, upon use of conventional immobilization strategies, a major portion of the biomolecules (e.g. antibodies) frequently tends to lose their bioactivity. In this study, we describe a procedure to immobilize human single-chain variable fragment (scFv) via genetic fusion to partial spider silk, which have a high tendency to adhere to solid supports. Two scFvs, directed towards serum proteins, were genetically fused to partial spider silk proteins and expressed as silk fusion proteins in E. coli. Antigen binding ability of scFvs attached to a partial silk protein denoted RC was investigated using microarray analysis, whereas scFvs fused to the NC silk variant were examined using nanoarrays. Results from micro- and nanoarrays confirmed the functionality of scFvs attached to both RC and NC silk, and also for binding of targets in crude serum. Furthermore, the same amount of added scFv gives higher signal intensity when immobilized via partial spider silk compared to when immobilized alone. Together, the results suggest that usage of scFv-silk fusion proteins in immunoassays could improve target detection, in the long run enabling novel biomarkers to be detected in crude serum proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Thatikonda
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Payam Delfani
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Jansson
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linn Petersson
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Wingren
- Department of Immunotechnology and CREATE Health, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - My Hedhammar
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Division of Protein Technology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Girotti A, Orbanic D, Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Gonzalez-Obeso C, Rodríguez-Cabello JC. Recombinant Technology in the Development of Materials and Systems for Soft-Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2423-55. [PMID: 26172311 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The field of biomedicine is constantly investing significant research efforts in order to gain a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms that govern the function of body compartments and to develop creative solutions for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. The main overall goal is to develop relatively simple systems that are able to mimic naturally occurring constructs and can therefore be used in regenerative medicine. Recombinant technology, which is widely used to obtain new tailored synthetic genes that express polymeric protein-based structures, now offers a broad range of advantages for that purpose by permitting the tuning of biological and mechanical properties depending on the intended application while simultaneously ensuring adequate biocompatibility and biodegradability of the scaffold formed by the polymers. This Progress Report is focused on recombinant protein-based materials that resemble naturally occurring proteins of interest for use in soft tissue repair. An overview of recombinant biomaterials derived from elastin, silk, collagen and resilin is given, along with a description of their characteristics and suggested applications. Current endeavors in this field are continuously providing more-improved materials in comparison with conventional ones. As such, a great effort is being made to put these materials through clinical trials in order to favor their future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Girotti
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology); CIBER-BBN; University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA; Paseo de Belén, 19 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Doriana Orbanic
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology); CIBER-BBN; University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA; Paseo de Belén, 19 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Arturo Ibáñez-Fonseca
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology); CIBER-BBN; University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA; Paseo de Belén, 19 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - Constancio Gonzalez-Obeso
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology); CIBER-BBN; University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA; Paseo de Belén, 19 47011 Valladolid Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology); CIBER-BBN; University of Valladolid, Edificio LUCIA; Paseo de Belén, 19 47011 Valladolid Spain
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Silk as an innovative biomaterial for cancer therapy. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2014; 20:87-98. [PMID: 25859397 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk has been used for centuries in the textile industry and as surgical sutures. In addition to its unique mechanical properties, silk possesses other properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and ability to self-assemble, which make it an interesting material for biomedical applications. Although silk forms only fibers in nature, synthetic techniques can be used to control the processing of silk into different morphologies, such as scaffolds, films, hydrogels, microcapsules, and micro- and nanospheres. Moreover, the biotechnological production of silk proteins broadens the potential applications of silk. Synthetic silk genes have been designed. Genetic engineering enables modification of silk properties or the construction of a hybrid silk. Bioengineered hybrid silks consist of a silk sequence that self-assembles into the desired morphological structure and the sequence of a polypeptide that confers a function to the silk biomaterial. The functional domains can comprise binding sites for receptors, enzymes, drugs, metals or sugars, among others. Here, we review the current status of potential applications of silk biomaterials in the field of oncology with a focus on the generation of implantable, injectable and targeted drug delivery systems and the three-dimensional cancer models based on silk scaffolds for cancer research. However, the systems described could be applied in many biomedical fields.
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Desai MS, Lee SW. Protein-based functional nanomaterial design for bioengineering applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 7:69-97. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malav S. Desai
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
- Physical Biosciences Division; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkeley CA USA
| | - Seung-Wuk Lee
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley CA USA
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