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Aarsen C, Liguori A, Mattsson R, Sipponen MH, Hakkarainen M. Designed to Degrade: Tailoring Polyesters for Circularity. Chem Rev 2024; 124:8473-8515. [PMID: 38936815 PMCID: PMC11240263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
A powerful toolbox is needed to turn the linear plastic economy into circular. Development of materials designed for mechanical recycling, chemical recycling, and/or biodegradation in targeted end-of-life environment are all necessary puzzle pieces in this process. Polyesters, with reversible ester bonds, are already forerunners in plastic circularity: poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most recycled plastic material suitable for mechanical and chemical recycling, while common aliphatic polyesters are biodegradable under favorable conditions, such as industrial compost. However, this circular design needs to be further tailored for different end-of-life options to enable chemical recycling under greener conditions and/or rapid enough biodegradation even under less favorable environmental conditions. Here, we discuss molecular design of the polyester chain targeting enhancement of circularity by incorporation of more easily hydrolyzable ester bonds, additional dynamic bonds, or degradation catalyzing functional groups as part of the polyester chain. The utilization of polyester circularity to design replacement materials for current volume plastics is also reviewed as well as embedment of green catalysts, such as enzymes in biodegradable polyester matrices to facilitate the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine
V. Aarsen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Liguori
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department
of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rebecca Mattsson
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mika H. Sipponen
- Department
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 16C, 106
91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Minna Hakkarainen
- Department
of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal
Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 58, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Cheng C, Shi JX, Kang EH, Nelson TF, Sander M, McNeill K, Hartwig JF. Polymers from Plant Oils Linked by Siloxane Bonds for Programmed Depolymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12645-12655. [PMID: 38651821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The increased production of plastics is leading to the accumulation of plastic waste and depletion of limited fossil fuel resources. In this context, we report a strategy to create polymers that can undergo controlled depolymerization by linking renewable feedstocks with siloxane bonds. α,ω-Diesters and α,ω-diols containing siloxane bonds were synthesized from an alkenoic ester derived from castor oil and then polymerized with varied monomers, including related biobased monomers. In addition, cyclic monomers derived from this alkenoic ester and hydrosiloxanes were prepared and cyclized to form a 26-membered macrolactone containing a siloxane unit. Sequential ring-opening polymerization of this macrolactone and lactide afforded an ABA triblock copolymer. This set of polymers containing siloxanes underwent programmed depolymerization into monomers in protic solvents or with hexamethyldisiloxane and an acid catalyst. Monomers afforded by the depolymerization of polyesters containing siloxane linkages were repolymerized to demonstrate circularity in select polymers. Evaluation of the environmental stability of these polymers toward enzymatic degradation showed that they undergo enzymatic hydrolysis by a fungal cutinase from Fusarium solani. Evaluation of soil microbial metabolism of monomers selectively labeled with 13C revealed differential metabolism of the main chain and side chain organic groups by soil microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jake X Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Eun-Hye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Taylor F Nelson
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sander
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Institute for Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John F Hartwig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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3
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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4
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Eck M, Mecking S. Closed-Loop Recyclable and Nonpersistent Polyethylene-like Polyesters. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:971-980. [PMID: 38446139 PMCID: PMC10956388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusAliphatic polyesters based on long-chain monomers were synthesized for the first time almost a century ago. In fact, Carothers' seminal observations that founded the entire field of synthetic polymer fibers were made on such a polyester sample. However, as materials, they have evolved only over the past decade. This is driven by the corresponding monomers becoming practically available from advanced catalytic conversions of plant oils, and future prospects comprise a possible generation from third-generation feedstocks, such as microalgae or waste. Long-chain polyesters such as polyester-18.18 can be considered to be polyethylene chains with a low density of potential breakpoints in the chain. These do not compromise the crystalline structure or the material properties, which resemble linear high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and the materials can also be melt processed by injection molding, film or fiber extrusion, and filament deposition in additive manufacturing. At the same time, they enable closed-loop chemical recycling via solvolysis, which is also possible in mixed waste streams containing polyolefins and even poly(ethylene terephthalate). Recovered monomers possess a quality that enables the generation of recycled polyesters with properties on par with those of the virgin material. The (bio)degradability varies enormously with the constituent monomers. Polyesters based on short-chain diols and long-chain dicarboxylates fully mineralize under industrial composting conditions, despite their HDPE-like crystallinity and hydrophobicity. Fundamental studies of the morphology and thermal behavior of these polymers revealed the location of the in-chain groups and their peculiar role in structure formation during crystallization as well as during melting. All of the concepts outlined were extended to, and elaborated on further, by analogous long-chain aliphatic polymers with other in-chain groups such as carbonates and acetals. The title materials are a potential solution for much needed circular closed-loop recyclable plastics that also as a backstop if lost to the environment will not be persistent for many decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Eck
- Chair of Chemical Materials
Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials
Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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5
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Schwab S, Baur M, Nelson TF, Mecking S. Synthesis and Deconstruction of Polyethylene-type Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2327-2351. [PMID: 38408312 PMCID: PMC10941192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Polyethylene deconstruction to reusable smaller molecules is hindered by the chemical inertness of its hydrocarbon chains. Pyrolysis and related approaches commonly require high temperatures, are energy-intensive, and yield mixtures of multiple classes of compounds. Selective cleavage reactions under mild conditions (
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon
T. Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Baur
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor F. Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science,
Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
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6
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Martínez Cutillas A, Sanz-Serrano D, Oh S, Ventura F, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Synthesis of Functionalized Triblock Copolyesters Derived from Lactic Acid and Macrolactones for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300066. [PMID: 37031382 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and functional grafts are a great alternative to conventional grafts. They can provide a physical support and the precise signaling for cells to heal damaged tissues. In this study, a novel RGD peptide end-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(globalide)-b-poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (RGD-PEG-PLA-PGl-PLA-PEG-RGD) is synthetized and used to prepare functional scaffolds. The PGl inner block is obtained by enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of globalide. The outer PLA blocks are obtained by ring-opening polymerization of both, l-lactide or a racemic mixture, initiated by the α-ω-telechelic polymacrolactone. The presence of PGl inner block enhances the toughness of PLA-based scaffolds, with an increase of the elongation at break up to 300% when the longer block of PGl is used. PLA-PGl-PLA copolymer is coupled with α-ω-telechelic PEG diacids by esterification reaction. PEGylation provides hydrophilic scaffolds as the contact angle is reduced from 114° to 74.8°. That difference improves the contact between the scaffolds and the culture media. Moreover, the scaffolds are functionalized with RGD peptides at the surface significantly enhancing the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow-derived primary mesenchymal stem cells and MC3T3-E1 cell lines in vitro. These results place this multifunctional polymer as a great candidate for the preparation of temporary grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez Cutillas
- Artificial Nature S.L., Baldiri i Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - D Sanz-Serrano
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - S Oh
- Artificial Nature S.L., Baldiri i Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - F Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - A Martínez de Ilarduya
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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7
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Eck M, Bernabeu L, Mecking S. Polyethylene-Like Blends Amenable to Abiotic Hydrolytic Degradation. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:4523-4530. [PMID: 37008182 PMCID: PMC10052336 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c07537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain aliphatic polyester-18,18 (PE-18,18) exhibits high density polyethylene-like material properties and, as opposed to high density polyethylene (HDPE), can be recycled in a closed loop via depolymerization to monomers under mild conditions. Despite the in-chain ester groups, its high crystallinity and hydrophobicity render PE-18,18 stable toward hydrolysis even under acidic conditions for one year. Hydrolytic degradability, however, can be a desirable material property as it can serve as a universal backstop to plastic accumulation in the environment. We present an approach to render PE-18,18 hydrolytically degradable by melt blending with long-chain aliphatic poly(H-phosphonate)s (PP). The blends can be processed via common injection molding and 3D printing and exhibit HDPE-like tensile properties, namely, high stiffness (E = 750-940 MPa) and ductility (εtb = 330-460%) over a wide range of blend ratios (0.5-20 wt % PP content). Likewise, the orthorhombic solid-state structure and crystallinity (χ ≈ 70%) of the blends are similar to HDPE. Under aqueous conditions in phosphate-buffered media at 25 °C, the blends' PP component is hydrolyzed completely to the underlying long-chain diol and phosphorous acid within four months, as evidenced by NMR analyses. Concomitant, the PE-18,18 major blend component is partially hydrolyzed, while neat PE-18,18 is inert under identical conditions. The hydrolysis of the blend components proceeded throughout the bulk of the specimens as confirmed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. The significant molar mass reduction upon extended immersion in water (M n(virgin blends) ≈ 50-70 kg mol-1; M n(hydrolyzed blends) ≈ 7-11 kg mol-1) resulted in embrittlement and fragmentation of the injection molded specimens. This increases the surface area and is anticipated to promote eventual mineralization by abiotic and biotic pathways of these HDPE-like polyesters in the environment.
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8
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Coating of SPIONs with a Cysteine-Decorated Copolyester: A Possible Novel Nanoplatform for Enzymatic Release. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031000. [PMID: 36986860 PMCID: PMC10058032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have their use approved for the diagnosis/treatment of malignant tumors and can be metabolized by the organism. To prevent embolism caused by these nanoparticles, they need to be coated with biocompatible and non-cytotoxic materials. Here, we synthesized an unsaturated and biocompatible copolyester, poly (globalide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PGlCL), and modified it with the amino acid cysteine (Cys) via a thiol-ene reaction (PGlCLCys). The Cys-modified copolymer presented reduced crystallinity and increased hydrophilicity in comparison to PGlCL, thus being used for the coating of SPIONS (SPION@PGlCLCys). Additionally, cysteine pendant groups at the particle’s surface allowed the direct conjugation of (bio)molecules that establish specific interactions with tumor cells (MDA-MB 231). The conjugation of either folic acid (FA) or the anti-cancer drug methotrexate (MTX) was carried out directly on the amine groups of cysteine molecules present in the SPION@PGlCLCys surface (SPION@PGlCLCys_FA and SPION@PGlCLCys_MTX) by carbodiimide-mediated coupling, leading to the formation of amide bonds, with conjugation efficiencies of 62% for FA and 60% for MTX. Then, the release of MTX from the nanoparticle surface was evaluated using a protease at 37 °C in phosphate buffer pH~5.3. It was found that 45% of MTX conjugated to the SPIONs were released after 72 h. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and after 72 h, 25% reduction in cell viability of tumor cells was observed. Thus, after a successful conjugation and subsequent triggered release of MTX, we understand that SPION@PGlCLCys has a strong potential to be treated as a model nanoplatform for the development of treatments and diagnosis techniques (or theranostic applications) that can be less aggressive to patients.
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9
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Controlled Ring-opening (Co)Polymerization of Renewable Macrolactones by Al-based Catalysts with Different Sidearms. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-023-2947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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10
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Eck M, Schwab ST, Nelson TF, Wurst K, Iberl S, Schleheck D, Link C, Battagliarin G, Mecking S. Biodegradable High-Density Polyethylene-like Material. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213438. [PMID: 36480133 PMCID: PMC10107712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We report a novel polyester material generated from readily available biobased 1,18-octadecanedicarboxylic acid and ethylene glycol possesses a polyethylene-like solid-state structure and also tensile properties similar to high density polyethylene (HDPE). Despite its crystallinity, high melting point (Tm =96 °C) and hydrophobic nature, polyester-2,18 is subject to rapid and complete hydrolytic degradation in in vitro assays with isolated naturally occurring enzymes. Under industrial composting conditions (ISO standard 14855-1) the material is biodegraded with mineralization above 95 % within two months. Reference studies with polyester-18,18 (Tm =99 °C) reveal a strong impact of the nature of the diol repeating unit on degradation rates, possibly related to the density of ester groups in the amorphous phase. Depolymerization by methanolysis indicates suitability for closed-loop recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Eck
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Timm Schwab
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Taylor Frederick Nelson
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Katrin Wurst
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Steffen Iberl
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David Schleheck
- Microbial Ecology and Limnic Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoph Link
- BASF SE, PMD/GB-B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Glauco Battagliarin
- BASF SE, PMD/GB-B001, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
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11
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Preparation of an Antioxidant Assembly Based on a Copolymacrolactone Structure and Erythritol following an Eco-Friendly Strategy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122471. [PMID: 36552679 PMCID: PMC9774145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presents the achievement of a new assembly with antioxidant behaviour based on a copolymacrolactone structure that encapsulates erythritol (Eryt). Poly(ethylene brassylate-co-squaric acid) (PEBSA) was synthesised in environmentally friendly conditions, respectively, through a process in suspension in water by opening the cycle of ethylene brassylate macrolactone, followed by condensation with squaric acid. The compound synthesised in suspension was characterised by comparison with the polymer obtained by polymerisation in solution. The investigations revealed that, with the exception of the molecular masses, the compounds generated by the two synthetic procedures present similar properties, including good thermal stability, with a Tpeak of 456 °C, and the capacity for network formation. In addition, the investigation by dynamic light scattering techniques evidenced a mean diameter for PEBSA particles of around 596 nm and a zeta potential of -25 mV, which attests to their stability. The bio-based copolymacrolactone was used as a matrix for erythritol encapsulation. The new PEBSA-Eryt compound presented an increased sorption/desorption process, compared with the PEBSA matrix, and a crystalline morphology confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The bioactive compound was also characterised in terms of its biocompatibility and antioxidant behaviour.
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12
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Pothupitiya JU, Zheng C, Saltzman WM. Synthetic biodegradable polyesters for implantable controlled-release devices. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1351-1364. [PMID: 36197839 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2131768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Implantable devices can be designed to release drugs to localized regions of tissue at sustained and reliable rates. Advances in polymer engineering have led to the design and development of drug-loaded implants with predictable, desirable release profiles. Biodegradable polyesters exhibit chemical, physical, and biological properties suitable for developing implants for pain management, cancer therapy, contraception, antiviral therapy, and other applications. AREAS COVERED : This article reviews the use of biodegradable polyesters for drug-loaded implants by discussing the properties of commonly used polymers, techniques for implant formulation and manufacturing, mechanisms of drug release, and clinical applications of implants as drug delivery devices. EXPERT OPINION : Drug delivery implants are unique systems for safe and sustained drug release, providing high bioavailability and low toxicity. Depending on the implant design and tissue site of deployment, implants can offer either localized or systemic drug release. Due to the long history of use of degradable polyesters in medical devices, polyester-based implants represent an important class of controlled release technologies. Further, polyester-based implants are the largest category of drug delivery implants to reach the point of testing in humans or approval for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinal U Pothupitiya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Christy Zheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - W Mark Saltzman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University; New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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13
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Pagar RR, Musale SR, Pawar G, Kulkarni D, Giram PS. Comprehensive Review on the Degradation Chemistry and Toxicity Studies of Functional Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2161-2195. [PMID: 35522605 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades there has been growing interest of material chemists in the successful development of functional materials for drug delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, diagnosis, theranostic, and other biomedical applications with advanced nanotechnology tools. The efficacy and safety of functional materials are determined by their pharmacological, toxicological, and immunogenic effects. It is essential to consider all degradation pathways of functional materials and to assess plausible intermediates and final products for quality control. This review provides a brief insight into chemical degradation mechanisms of functional materials like oxidation, photodegradation, and physical and enzymatic degradation. The intermediates and products of degradation were confirmed with analytical methods such as proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-vis spectroscopy (UV-vis), infrared spectroscopy (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mass spectroscopy, and other sophisticated analytical methods. These analytical methods are also used for regulatory, quality control, and stability purposes in industry. The assessment of degradation is important to predetermine the behavior of functional materials in specific storage conditions and can be relevant to their behavior during in vivo applications. Another important aspect is the evaluation of the toxicity of functional materials. Toxicity can be accessed with various methods using in vitro, in vivo, ex vivo, and in silico models. In vitro cell culture methods are used to determine mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen species, stress responses, and cellular toxicity. In vitro cellular toxicity can be measured by MTT assay, LDH leakage assay, and hemolysis. In vivo studies are performed using various animal models involving zebrafish, rodents (mice and rats), and nonhuman primates. Ex vivo studies are also used for efficacy and toxicity determinations of functional materials like ex vivo potency assay and precision-cut liver slice (PCLS) models. The in silico tools with computational simulations like quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR), pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), dose and time response, and quantitative cationic-activity relationships ((Q)CARs) are used for prediction of the toxicity of functional materials. In this review, we studied the principle methods used for degradation studies, different degradation pathways, and mechanisms of functional material degradation with prototype examples. We discuss toxicity assessments with different toxicity approaches used for estimation of the safety and efficacy of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshani R Pagar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Shubham R Musale
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Ganesh Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Deepak Kulkarni
- Srinath College of Pharmacy, Bajajnagar, Aurangabad, Maharashtra 431136, India
| | - Prabhanjan S Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
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14
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Guindani C, Jaramillo WA, Candiotto G, Rebelatto EA, Tavares FW, Pinto JC, Ndiaye PM, Nele M. Synthesis of Polyglobalide by Enzymatic Ring Opening Polymerization Using Pressurized Fluids. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Enzymatic Poly(octamethylene suberate) Synthesis by a Two-Step Polymerization Method Based on the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new two-step enzymatic polymerization strategy for the synthesis of poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) using an immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (IMM-PBLI). The strategy overcomes the lack of enzymatic POS synthesis in solvent-free systems and increases the final polymer molecular weight. In the first step, the direct polycondensation of suberic acid and 1,8-octanediol was catalyzed by IMM-PBLI at 45 °C, leading to the production of prepolymers with molecular weights (MWs) of 2800, 3400, and 4900 g mol−1 after 8 h in miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane: tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v), respectively. In the second polymerization step, wet prepolymers were incubated at 60 or 80 °C, at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of IMM-PBLI, and without stirring. The final POS polymers showed a significant increase in MW to 5000, 5800, and 19,800 g mol−1 (previously synthesized in miniemulsion, water, or organic solvent, respectively). FTIR analysis of the final polymers confirmed the successful POS synthesis and a high degree of monomer conversion. This innovative two-step polymerization strategy opens up a new opportunity for implementing greener and more environmentally friendly processes for synthesizing biodegradable polyesters.
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16
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Martínez Cutillas A, Leon Cabanillas S, Oh S, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Enzymatic recycling of polymacrolactones. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of renewable monomers to make new polyesters which could replace the ones obtained from petrochemical resources employing green processes is a big concern in these days. With this...
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17
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Haider TP, Suraeva O, Lieberwirth I, Paneth P, Wurm FR. RNA-inspired intramolecular transesterification accelerates the hydrolysis of polyethylene-like polyphosphoesters. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16054-16064. [PMID: 35024127 PMCID: PMC8672729 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05509g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To synthesize new (bio)degradable alternatives to commodity polymers, adapting natural motives can be a promising approach. We present the synthesis and characterization of degradable polyethylene (PE)-like polyphosphoesters, which exhibit increased degradation rates due to an intra-molecular transesterification similar to RNA. An α,ω-diene monomer was synthesized in three steps starting from readily available compounds. By acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization, PE-like polymers with molecular weights up to 38 400 g mol-1 were obtained. Post-polymerization functionalization gave fully saturated and semicrystalline polymers with a precise spacing of 20 CH2 groups between each phosphate group carrying an ethoxy hydroxyl side chain. This side chain was capable of intramolecular transesterification with the main-chain similar to RNA-hydrolysis, mimicking the 2'-OH group of ribose. Thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC (T m ca. 85 °C)) and the crystal structure was investigated by wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Polymer films immersed in aqueous solutions at different pH values proved an accelerated degradation compared to structurally similar polyphosphoesters without pendant ethoxy hydroxyl groups. Polymer degradation proceeded also in artificial seawater (pH = 8), while the polymer was stable at physiological pH of 7.4. The degradation mechanism followed the intra-molecular "RNA-inspired" transesterification which was detected by NMR spectroscopy as well as by monitoring the hydrolysis of a polymer blend of a polyphosphoester without pendant OH-group and the RNA-inspired polymer, proving selective hydrolysis of the latter. This mechanism has been further supported by the DFT calculations. The "RNA-inspired" degradation of polymers could play an important part in accelerating the hydrolysis of polymers and plastics in natural environments, e.g. seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias P Haider
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Oksana Suraeva
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ingo Lieberwirth
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Piotr Paneth
- International Center for Research on Innovative Biobased Materials (ICRI-BioM), Lodz University of Technology Zeromskiego 116 90-924 Lodz Poland
| | - Frederik R Wurm
- Sustainable Polymer Chemistry, Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiteit Twente PO Box 217 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands
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18
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Vondran J, Furst MRL, Eastham GR, Seidensticker T, Cole-Hamilton DJ. Magic of Alpha: The Chemistry of a Remarkable Bidentate Phosphine, 1,2-Bis(di- tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6610-6653. [PMID: 33961414 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bidentate phosphine ligand 1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)benzene (1,2-DTBPMB) has been reported over the years as being one of, if not the, best ligands for achieving the alkoxycarbonylation of various unsaturated compounds. Bonded to palladium, the ligand provides the basis for the first step in the commercial (Alpha) production of methyl methacrylate as well as very high selectivity to linear esters and acids from terminal or internal double bonds. The present review is an overview covering the literature dealing with the 1,2-DTBPMB ligand: from its first reference, its catalysis, including the alkoxycarbonylation reaction and its mechanism, its isomerization abilities including the highly selective isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, other reactions such as cross-coupling, recycling approaches, and the development of improved, modified ligands, in which some tert-butyl ligands are replaced by 2-pyridyl moieties and which show exceptional rates for carbonylation reactions at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Vondran
- Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marc R L Furst
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST Scotland, U.K.,Athénée du Luxembourg, 24, Boulevard Pierre Dupong, L-1430 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Thomas Seidensticker
- Laboratory for Industrial Chemistry, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - David J Cole-Hamilton
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9ST Scotland, U.K
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19
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Beltrame JM, Guindani C, Novy MG, Felipe KB, Sayer C, Pedrosa RC, Hermes de Araújo PH. Covalently Bonded N-Acetylcysteine-polyester Loaded in PCL Scaffolds for Enhanced Interactions with Fibroblasts. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1552-1562. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeovandro Maria Beltrame
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Camila Guindani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Program, COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, PEQ/COPPE/UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-972, Brazil
| | - Mara Gabriela Novy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Karina Bettega Felipe
- Laboratory of Physiology and Cell Signaling, Department of Clinic Analysis, Federal University of Paraná, DAC/UFPR, Av. Prefeito Lothário Meissner, 632, Jardim Botânico, Curitiba, PR 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rozangela Curi Pedrosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina CCB/UFSC, R. João Pio Duarte Silva, 241, Córrego
Grande, Florianópolis, SC 88037-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, EQA/UFSC, C.P. 476, CEP 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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20
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Amaral HR, Wilson JA, do Amaral RJ, Pasçu I, de Oliveira FC, Kearney CJ, Freitas JC, Heise A. Synthesis of bilayer films from regenerated cellulose nanofibers and poly(globalide) for skin tissue engineering applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 252:117201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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21
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Determination of high-pressure phase equilibrium data of systems containing supercritical carbon dioxide and globalide. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Li C, Xu W, Lu Y, Gross RA. Lipase-Catalyzed Reactive Extrusion: Copolymerization of ε-Caprolactone and ω-Pentadecalactone. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000417. [PMID: 33047442 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study assesses the use of immobilized lipase catalyst N435 during reactive extrusion (REX) versus magnetically stirred bulk and solution reaction conditions for the copolymerization of ε-caprolactone with ω-pentadecalactone (CL/PDL 1:1 molar). N435-catalyzed REX for reaction times from 1 to 3 h results in total %-monomer conversion, Mn , and Đ values increase from 92.7% to 98.8%, 36.1 to 51.3 kDa, and 1.85 to 1.96, respectively. Diad fraction analysis by quantitative 13 C NMR reveals that, after just 1 h, rapid N435-catalyzed transesterification reactions occur that give random copolyesters. In contrast, for bulk polymerization with magnetic stirring in round bottom flasks, reaction times from 1 to 3 h result in the following: Mn increases from 12.4 to 25.6 kDa, Đ decreases from 2.98 to 1.87, and the randomness index increases from 0.74 and 0.86 as PDL*-PDL diads are dominant. These results highlight that REX avoids problems associated with internal batch mixing that are encountered in bulk polymerizations. In sharp contrast to a previous study of 1:1 molar PDL/δ-valerolactone (VL) copolymerizations by N435-catalyzed REX, VL %-conversion increases to just 40.1% in 1 h whereas CL reaches 94.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA.,Baling Petrochemical Company, SINOPEC Asset Management Corporation, Yueyang, 414014, China
| | - Weijian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yanbing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Richard A Gross
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
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23
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Czifrák K, Lakatos C, Árpád Kordován M, Nagy L, Daróczi L, Zsuga M, Kéki S. Block Copolymers of Poly(ω-Pentadecalactone) in Segmented Polyurethanes: Novel Biodegradable Shape Memory Polyurethanes. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091928. [PMID: 32859018 PMCID: PMC7563291 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, the synthesis of poly(ω-pentadecalactone) (PPDL) (co)polymers and their incorporation into polyurethanes (PUs) are reported. Optimal conditions for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL) using dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst were established. For the synthesis of linear and crosslinked PUs, 50 kDa poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) were used. The obtained polyurethanes were characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (AT-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The DMA of the selected sample showed a rubbery plateau on the storage modulus versus temperature curve predicting shape memory behavior. Indeed, good shape memory performances were obtained with shape fixity (Rf) and shape recovery (Rr) ratios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Czifrák
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Csilla Lakatos
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marcell Árpád Kordován
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lajos Daróczi
- Department of Solid State Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/b, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Miklós Zsuga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
| | - Sándor Kéki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.C.); (C.L.); (M.Á.K.); (L.N.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-512-900 (ext. 22455)
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24
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Mecking S. Polyethylene-like materials from plant oils. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2020; 378:20190266. [PMID: 32623990 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2019.0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene (PE) is the most important synthetic polymer material produced. Its excellent material properties arise from crystalline interactions in its hydrocarbon chains. This simple concept inspires studies of materials based on alternative non-fossil feedstocks and with additional traits such as a non-persistent nature. Renewable seed oil or microalgae oil lipids can serve as a feedstock for long-chain difunctional monomers. Catalytic conversion of their unsaturated fatty acids by e.g. isomerizing carbonylation or olefin metathesis yields long-chain monomers X-(CH2)n-X with 18-26 carbon atoms and terminal dicarboxy, diol or diamine groups (X), and ultralong-chain PE telechelics with 48 carbon atoms. These can be polymerized to polyesters, polycarbonates and other (ultra)long-chain polycondensates. These in many cases possess PE-like solid-state structure and properties. Unlike PE, they contain in-chain functional groups that can potentially enhance degradability. The crystalline and hydrophobic nature of the polymers decelerates degradation strongly compared to rapidly degrading shorter chain analogues. Our preliminary findings suggest that a non-persistent nature can be achieved for these materials. This review article is based on a lecture held at the Royal Society Discussion Meeting on Science to enable the circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mecking
- Chair of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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25
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Abstract
Microbial lipases represent one of the most important groups of biotechnological biocatalysts. However, the high-level production of lipases requires an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of gene expression, folding, and secretion processes. Stable, selective, and productive lipase is essential for modern chemical industries, as most lipases cannot work in different process conditions. However, the screening and isolation of a new lipase with desired and specific properties would be time consuming, and costly, so researchers typically modify an available lipase with a certain potential for minimizing cost. Improving enzyme properties is associated with altering the enzymatic structure by changing one or several amino acids in the protein sequence. This review detailed the main sources, classification, structural properties, and mutagenic approaches, such as rational design (site direct mutagenesis, iterative saturation mutagenesis) and direct evolution (error prone PCR, DNA shuffling), for achieving modification goals. Here, both techniques were reviewed, with different results for lipase engineering, with a particular focus on improving or changing lipase specificity. Changing the amino acid sequences of the binding pocket or lid region of the lipase led to remarkable enzyme substrate specificity and enantioselectivity improvement. Site-directed mutagenesis is one of the appropriate methods to alter the enzyme sequence, as compared to random mutagenesis, such as error-prone PCR. This contribution has summarized and evaluated several experimental studies on modifying the substrate specificity of lipases.
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26
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Saar JS, Lienkamp K. Bioinspired All-Polyester Diblock Copolymers Made from Poly(pentadecalactone) and Poly(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoate): Synthesis and Polymer Film Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020; 221:2000118. [PMID: 34404982 PMCID: PMC7611513 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The bioinspired diblock copolymers poly(pentadecalactone)-block-poly(2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-benzoate) (PPDL-block-P2HEB) were synthesized from pentadecalactone and dihydro-5H-1,4-benzodioxepin-5-one (2,3-DHB). No transesterification between the blocks was observed. In a sequential approach, PPDL obtained by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) was used to initiate 2,3-DHB. Here, the molar mass Mn of the P2HEB block was limited. In a modular approach, end-functionalized PPDL and P2HEB were obtained separately by ROP with functional initiators, and connected by 1,3-dipolar Huisgen reaction ("click-chemistry"). Block copolymer compositions from 85:15 mass percent to 28:72 mass percent (PPDL:P2HEB) were synthesized, with Mn of from about 30,000-50,000 g mol-1. The structure of the block copolymer was confirmed by proton NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography. Morphological studies by atomic force microscopy (AFM) further confirmed the block copolymer structure, while quantitative nanomechanical AFM measurements revealed that the DMT moduli of the block copolymers ranged between 17.2 ± 1.8 MPa and 62.3 ± 5.7 MPa, i.e. between the values of the parent P2HEB and PPDL homopolymers (7.6 ± 1.4 MPa and 801 ± 42 MPa, respectively). Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the thermal properties of the homopolymers were retained by each of the copolymer blocks (melting temperature 90 °C, glass transition temperature 36 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Saar
- Freiburg Center für Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center für Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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27
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Saar JS, Shi Y, Lienkamp K. Bioinspired All-Polyester Diblock Copolymers Made from Poly(pentadecalactone) and Poly(3-hydroxycinnamate): Synthesis and Polymer Film Properties. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020; 221:2000045. [PMID: 34404981 PMCID: PMC7611514 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A bioinspired diblock copolymer was synthesized from pentadecalactone and 3-hydroxy cinnamic acid. Poly(pentadecalactone) (PPDL) with a molar mass of up to 43,000 g mol-1 was obtained by ring-opening polymerization initiated propargyl alcohol. Poly(3-hydroxy cinnamate) (P3HCA) was obtained by polycondensation and end-functionalized with 3-azido propanol. The two functionalized homopolymers were connected via 1,3-dipolar Huisgen addition to yield the block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA. The structure the block copolymer was confirmed by proton NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and GPC. By analyzing the morphology of polymer films made from the homopolymers, from a 1:1 homopolymer blend, and from the PPDL-triazole-P3HCA block copolymer, clearly distinct micro- and nanostructures were revealed. Quantitative nanomechanical measurements revealed that the block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA had a DMT modulus of 22.3 ± 2.7 MPa, which was lower than that of the PPDL homopolymer (801 ± 42 MPa), yet significantly higher than that of the P3HCA homopolymer (1.77 ± 0.63 MPa). Thermal analytics showed that the melting point of PPDL-triazole-P3HCA was similar to PPDL (89-90 °C), while it had a glass transition was similar to P3HCA (123-124 °C). Thus, the semicrystalline, potentially degradable all-polyester block copolymer PPDL-triazole-P3HCA combines the thermal properties of either homopolymer, and has an intermediate elastic modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Saar
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yue Shi
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) and Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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28
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Tinajero-Díaz E, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Muñoz-Guerra S. Copolymacrolactones Grafted with l-Glutamic Acid: Synthesis, Structure, and Nanocarrier Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E995. [PMID: 32344766 PMCID: PMC7240413 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatic ring-opening copolymerization (eROP) of globalide (Gl) and pentadecalactone (PDL) was performed in solution from mixtures of the two macrolactones at ratios covering the whole range of comonomeric compositions. The resulting P(Glx-r-PDLy) random copolyesters were aminofunctionalized by thiol-ene reaction with aminoethanethiol. ROP of γ-benzyl-l-glutamate N-carboxyanhydride initiated by P(Glx-r-PDLy)-NH2 provided neutral poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate)-grafted copolyesters, which were converted by hydrolysis into negatively charged hybrid copolymers. Both water-soluble and nonsoluble copolymers were produced depending on copolymer charge and their grafting degree, and their capacity for self-assembling in nano-objects were comparatively examined. The emulsion solvent-evaporation technique applied to the chloroform-soluble copolymers grafted with benzyl glutamate rendered well-delineated spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 200-300 nm. Conversely, micellar solutions in water were produced from copolyesters bearing grafted chains composed of at least 10 units of glutamic acid in the free form. The copolymer micelles were shown to be able to load doxorubicin (DOX) efficiently through electrostatic interactions and also to release the drug at a rate that was markedly pH dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sebastián Muñoz-Guerra
- Departament d´Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (E.T.-D.); (A.M.d.I.)
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29
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Polloni AE, Chiaradia V, do Amaral RJFC, Kearney C, Gorey B, de Oliveira D, de Oliveira JV, de Araújo PHH, Sayer C, Heise A. Polyesters with main and side chain phosphoesters as structural motives for biocompatible electrospun fibres. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The functionalisation of polymacrolactones with phosphoesters was achieved by thiol–ene coupling resulting in copolymers with modulated properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- André E. Polloni
- Department of Chemistry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
| | - Viviane Chiaradia
- Department of Chemistry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
| | - Ronaldo José F. C. do Amaral
- Kearney Lab & Tissue Engineering Research Group
- Anatomy Department
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Cathal Kearney
- Kearney Lab & Tissue Engineering Research Group
- Anatomy Department
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Brian Gorey
- FOCAS Research Institute
- Dublin Institute of Technology
- Dublin 8
- Ireland
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - José V. de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Pedro H. H. de Araújo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Food Engineering
- Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC)
- Florianópolis
- Brazil
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Chemistry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
- Science Foundation Ireland Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM)
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30
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31
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Poly(amino acid)-grafted polymacrolactones. Synthesis, self-assembling and ionic coupling properties. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.104316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Engel J, Cordellier A, Huang L, Kara S. Enzymatic Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones: Traditional Approaches and Alternative Strategies. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Engel
- Department of Engineering Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Alex Cordellier
- Department of Engineering Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Engineering Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing GroupAarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 C 8000 Aarhus Denmark
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33
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Tinajero‐Díaz E, Martínez de Ilarduya A, Muñoz‐Guerra S. Block and Graft Copolymers Made of 16‐Membered Macrolactones and
l
‐Alanine: A Comparative Study. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Tinajero‐Díaz
- Dr. E. Tinajero‐Díaz, Dr. A. Martínez de Ilarduya, Prof. S. Muñoz‐Guerra Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ETSEIB, Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antxon Martínez de Ilarduya
- Dr. E. Tinajero‐Díaz, Dr. A. Martínez de Ilarduya, Prof. S. Muñoz‐Guerra Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ETSEIB, Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Sebastián Muñoz‐Guerra
- Dr. E. Tinajero‐Díaz, Dr. A. Martínez de Ilarduya, Prof. S. Muñoz‐Guerra Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya ETSEIB, Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
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34
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Wilson JA, Ates Z, Pflughaupt RL, Dove AP, Heise A. Polymers from macrolactones: From pheromones to functional materials. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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35
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Song L, Zhu T, Yuan L, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Tang C. Ultra-strong long-chain polyamide elastomers with programmable supramolecular interactions and oriented crystalline microstructures. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1315. [PMID: 30899014 PMCID: PMC6428834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamides are one of the most important polymers. Long-chain aliphatic polyamides could bridge the gap between traditional polyamides and polyethylenes. Here we report an approach to preparing sustainable ultra-strong elastomers from biomass-derived long-chain polyamides by thiol-ene addition copolymerization with diamide diene monomers. The pendant polar hydroxyl and non-polar butyrate groups between amides allow controlled programming of supramolecular hydrogen bonding and facile tuning of crystallization of polymer chains. The presence of thioether groups on the main chain can further induce metal-ligand coordination (cuprous-thioether). Unidirectional step-cycle tensile deformation has been applied to these polyamides and significantly enhances tensile strength to over 210 MPa while maintaining elasticity. Uniaxial deformation leads to a rearrangement and alignment of crystalline microstructures, which is responsible for the mechanical enhancement. These chromophore-free polyamides are observed with strong luminescence ascribed to the effect of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), originating from the formation of amide clusters with restricted molecular motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Song
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Liang Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jiangjun Zhou
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Yaqiong Zhang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Biomass Molecular Engineering Center, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China.
| | - Chuanbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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36
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Amador AG, Watts A, Neitzel AE, Hillmyer MA. Entropically Driven Macrolide Polymerizations for the Synthesis of Aliphatic Polyester Copolymers Using Titanium Isopropoxide. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian G. Amador
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Annabelle Watts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Angelika E. Neitzel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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37
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Guindani C, Dozoretz P, Araújo PH, Ferreira SR, de Oliveira D. N-acetylcysteine side-chain functionalization of poly(globalide-co-ε-caprolactone) through thiol-ene reaction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:477-483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Dannecker P, Biermann U, Sink A, Bloesser FR, Metzger JO, Meier MAR. Fatty Acid–Derived Aliphatic Long Chain Polyethers by a Combination of Catalytic Ester Reduction and ADMET or Thiol‐Ene Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Biermann
- University of Oldenburg Carl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Straße 9–11, 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Sink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Fabian R. Bloesser
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Jürgen O. Metzger
- University of Oldenburg Carl‐von‐Ossietzky‐Straße 9–11, 26129 Oldenburg Germany
| | - Michael A. R. Meier
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Straße am Forum 7, 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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39
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Becker G, Wurm FR. Functional biodegradable polymers via ring-opening polymerization of monomers without protective groups. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7739-7782. [PMID: 30221267 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are of current interest and chemical functionality in such materials is often demanded in advanced biomedical applications. Functional groups often are not tolerated in the polymerization process of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and therefore protective groups need to be applied. Advantageously, several orthogonally reactive functions are available, which do not demand protection during ROP. We give an insight into available, orthogonally reactive cyclic monomers and the corresponding functional synthetic and biodegradable polymers, obtained from ROP. Functionalities in the monomer are reviewed, which are tolerated by ROP without further protection and allow further post-modification of the corresponding chemically functional polymers after polymerization. Synthetic concepts to these monomers are summarized in detail, preferably using precursor molecules. Post-modification strategies for the reported functionalities are presented and selected applications highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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40
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Savin CL, Peptu C, Kroneková Z, Sedlačík M, Mrlik M, Sasinková V, Peptu CA, Popa M, Mosnáček J. Polyglobalide-Based Porous Networks Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) Structures Prepared by Photoinitiated Thiol–Ene Coupling. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:3331-3342. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina L. Savin
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Zuzana Kroneková
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Sedlačík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Mrlik
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida T. Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Vlasta Sasinková
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 38 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Catalina A. Peptu
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, 700050 Iaşi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 010071 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
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41
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Yang J, Liu Y, Liang X, Yang Y, Li Q. Enantio-, Regio-, and Chemoselective Lipase-Catalyzed Polymer Synthesis. Macromol Biosci 2018; 18:e1800131. [PMID: 29870576 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to chemical routes, enzymatic polymerization possesses favorable characteristics of mild reaction conditions, few by-products, and high activity toward cyclic lactones which make it a promising technique for constructing polymeric materials. Meanwhile, it can avoid the trace residue of metallic catalysts and potential toxicity, and thus exhibits great potential in the biomedical fields. More importantly, lipase-catalyzed polymer synthesis usually shows favorable enantio-, regio-, and chemoselectivity. Here, the history and recent developments in lipase-catalyzed selective polymerization for constructing polymers with unique structures and properties are highlighted. In particular, the synthesis of polymeric materials which are difficult to prepare in a chemical route and the construction of polymers through the combination of selective enzymatic and chemical methods are focused. In addition, the future direction is proposed especially based on the rapid developments in computational chemistry and protein engineering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiebing Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, 130012, China
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42
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Xiao Y, Pan J, Wang D, Heise A, Lang M. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of Poly(4-piperidine lactone- b-ω-pentadecalactone) Block Copolymers as Biomaterials with Antibacterial Properties. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:2673-2681. [PMID: 29698599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
With increasing troubles in bacterial contamination and antibiotic-resistance, new materials possessing both biocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy are supposed to be developed for future biomedical application. Herein, we demonstrated a chemo-enzymatic ring opening polymerization (ROP) approach for block copolyester, that is, poly(4-benzyl formate piperidine lactone- b-ω-pentadecalactone) (PNPIL- b-PPDL), in a one-pot two-step process. Afterward, cationic poly(4-piperidine lactone- b-ω-pentadecalactone) (PPIL- b-PPDL) with pendent secondary amino groups was obtained via acidic hydrolysis of PNPIL- b-PPDL. The resulting cationic block copolyester exhibited high antibacterial activity against Gram negative E. coli and Gram positive S. aureus, while showed low toxicity toward NIH-3T3 cells. Moreover, the antibacterial property, cytotoxicity and degradation behavior could be tuned simply by variation of PPIL content. Therefore, we anticipate that such cationic block copolymers could potentially be applied as biomaterials for medicine or implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Jinghao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry , Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , St. Stephens Green , Dublin 2 , Ireland
| | - Meidong Lang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai , 200237 , China
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43
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A review on enzymatic polymerization to produce polycondensation polymers: The case of aliphatic polyesters, polyamides and polyesteramides. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Chiaradia V, Polloni AE, de Oliveira D, de Oliveira JV, Araújo PHH, Sayer C. Polyester nanoparticles from macrolactones via miniemulsion enzymatic ring-opening polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Veneral JG, de Oliveira D, Ferreira SR, Oliveira JV. Continuous enzymatic synthesis of polycaprolactone in packed bed reactor using pressurized fluids. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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de Oliveira FCS, Olvera D, Sawkins MJ, Cryan SA, Kimmins SD, da Silva TE, Kelly DJ, Duffy GP, Kearney C, Heise A. Direct UV-Triggered Thiol–ene Cross-Linking of Electrospun Polyester Fibers from Unsaturated Poly(macrolactone)s and Their Drug Loading by Solvent Swelling. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:4292-4298. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando C. S. de Oliveira
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dinorath Olvera
- Trinity
Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael J. Sawkins
- Trinity
Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sally-Ann Cryan
- Trinity
Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Scott D. Kimmins
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Tatiane Eufrasio da Silva
- Trinity
Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Garry P. Duffy
- Trinity
Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Anatomy,
School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Cathal Kearney
- Advanced
Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department
of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St. Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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47
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Walther P, Naumann S. N-Heterocyclic Olefin-Based (Co)polymerization of a Challenging Monomer: Homopolymerization of ω-Pentadecalactone and Its Copolymers with γ-Butyrolactone, δ-Valerolactone, and ε-Caprolactone. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Walther
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Naumann
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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48
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Enzymatic ring opening copolymerization of globalide and ε-caprolactone under supercritical conditions. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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49
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Polloni AE, Chiaradia V, Figura EM, De Paoli JP, de Oliveira D, de Oliveira JV, de Araujo PHH, Sayer C. Polyesters from Macrolactones Using Commercial Lipase NS 88011 and Novozym 435 as Biocatalysts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 184:659-672. [PMID: 28836123 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The demand for environmentally friendly products allied with the depletion of natural resources has increased the search for sustainable materials in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Polyesters are among the most widely used biodegradable polymers in biomedical applications. In this work, aliphatic polyesters (from globalide and ω-pentadecalactone) were synthesized using a new commercial biocatalyst, the low-cost immobilized NS 88011 lipase (lipase B from Candida antarctica immobilized on a hydrophobic support). Results were compared with those obtained under the same conditions using a traditional, but more expensive, commercial biocatalyst, Novozym 435 (lipase B from C. antarctica immobilized on Lewatit VP OC). When NS 88011 was used in the polymerization of globalide, longer reaction times (240 min)-when compared to Novozym 435-were required to obtain high yields (80-90 wt%). However, higher molecular weights were achieved. When poly(ω-pentadecalactone) was synthesized, high yields and molecular weights (130,000 g mol-1) were obtained and the enzyme concentration showed strong influence on the polyester properties. This is the first report describing NS 88011 in polymer synthesis. The use of this cheaper enzymatic preparation can provide an alternative for polyester synthesis via enzymatic ring-opening polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Eliezer Polloni
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Viviane Chiaradia
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moresco Figura
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - João Pedro De Paoli
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - J Vladimir de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Hermes de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), P.O. Box 476, Florianopolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil.
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50
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Polloni AE, Rebelatto EA, Veneral JG, de Oliveira D, Oliveira JV, Araújo PH, Sayer C. Enzymatic ring opening polymerization of ω-Pentadecalactone in different solvents in a variable-volume view reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- André E. Polloni
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Evertan A. Rebelatto
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Josamaique G. Veneral
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Débora de Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - J. Vladimir Oliveira
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Pedro H.H. Araújo
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
| | - Claudia Sayer
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina; (UFSC) P.O. Box 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis SC Brazil
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