1
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Kitayama Y, Takigawa S, Yuba E, Harada A. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Incorporated Core-Shell Polymer Nanogels Functionalized by Block Copolymer Installation for Cisplatin Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:6465-6473. [PMID: 39230243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The functionalization approach for nanomaterials is of great importance for their application in drug delivery systems. Herein, an approach based on block copolymer installation into polymer nanogels was newly developed. Poly(vinyl alcohol)-incorporated polymer nanogels were prepared by a two-step dispersion/precipitation polymerization. Poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(3-fluorophenylboronic acid methacrylamide) (PMAA-b-PFPBMA) prepared by two-step reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization was installed into the polymer nanogels via boronate ester formation. Furthermore, cisplatin as a cancer therapeutic drug was successfully loaded on the block copolymer-installed polymer nanogels, and cell death was achieved by using the resulting cisplatin-loaded nanogels. We believe that the functionality of the nanogels can be changed by varying the installed block copolymer, leading to the functionalization approach of polymer nanogels based on block copolymer installation, which will be of great utility in many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Kitayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takigawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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2
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Espuche B, Moya SE, Calderón M. Nanogels: Smart tools to enlarge the therapeutic window of gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123864. [PMID: 38309484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy can potentially treat a great number of diseases, from cancer to rare genetic disorders. Very recently, the development and emergency approval of nucleic acid-based COVID-19 vaccines confirmed its strength and versatility. However, gene therapy encounters limitations due to the lack of suitable carriers to vectorize therapeutic genetic material inside target cells. Nanogels are highly hydrated nano-size crosslinked polymeric networks that have been used in many biomedical applications, from drug delivery to tissue engineering and diagnostics. Due to their easy production, tunability, and swelling properties they have called the attention as promising vectors for gene delivery. In this review, nanogels are discussed as vectors for nucleic acid delivery aiming to enlarge gene therapy's therapeutic window. Recent works highlighting the optimization of inherent transfection efficiency and biocompatibility are reviewed here. The importance of the monomer choice, along with the internal structure, surface decoration, and responsive features are outlined for the different transfection modalities. The possible sources of toxicological endpoints in nanogels are analyzed, and the strategies to limit them are compared. Finally, perspectives are discussed to identify the remining challenges for the nanogels before their translation to the market as transfection agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Espuche
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- POLYMAT, Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, 48009 Bilbao, Spain.
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3
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Xi X, Lei F, Gao K, Li J, Liu R, Karpf AR, Bronich TK. Ligand-installed polymeric nanocarriers for combination chemotherapy of EGFR-positive ovarian cancer. J Control Release 2023; 360:872-887. [PMID: 37478915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Combination chemotherapeutic drugs administered via a single nanocarrier for cancer treatment provides benefits in reducing dose-limiting toxicities, improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the cargo and achieving spatial-temporal synchronization of drug exposure for maximized synergistic therapeutic effects. In an attempt to develop such a multi-drug carrier, our work focuses on functional multimodal polypeptide-based polymeric nanogels (NGs). Diblock copolymers poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (glutamic acid) (PEG-b-PGlu) modified with phenylalanine (Phe) were successfully synthesized and characterized. Self-assembly behavior of the resulting polymers was utilized for the synthesis of NGs with hydrophobic domains in cross-linked polyion cores coated with inert PEG chains. The resulting NGs were small (ca. 70 nm in diameter) and were able to encapsulate the combination of drugs with different physicochemical properties such as cisplatin and neratinib. Drug combination-loaded NGs exerted a selective synergistic cytotoxicity towards EGFR overexpressing ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, we developed ligand-installed EGFR-targeted NGs and tested them as an EGFR-overexpressing tumor-specific delivery system. Both in vitro and in vivo, ligand-installed NGs displayed preferential associations with EGFR (+) tumor cells. Ligand-installed NGs carrying cisplatin and neratinib significantly improved the treatment response of ovarian cancer xenografts. We also confirmed the importance of simultaneous administration of the dual drug combination via a single NG system which provides more therapeutic benefit than individual drug-loaded NGs administered at equivalent doses. This work illustrates the potential of our carrier system to mediate efficient delivery of a drug combination to treat EGFR overexpressing cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Xi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Fan Lei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Keliang Gao
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Rihe Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7363, USA
| | - Adam R Karpf
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases and Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986805 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6805, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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4
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Maldonado-Valderrama J, Yang Y, Jiménez-Guerra M, del Castillo-Santaella T, Ramos J, Martín-Molina A. Complexation of DNA with Thermoresponsive Charged Microgels: Role of Swelling State and Electrostatics. Gels 2022; 8:184. [PMID: 35323297 PMCID: PMC8955517 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro- and nanogels are being increasingly used to encapsulate bioactive compounds. Their soft structure allows large loading capacity while their stimuli responsiveness makes them extremely versatile. In this work, the complexation of DNA with thermoresponsive microgels is presented. To this end, PEGylated charged microgels based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide have been synthesized, allowing one to explore the electrostatics of the complexation. Cationic microgels complexate spontaneously by electrostatic attraction to oppositely charged DNA as demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility of the complexes. Then, Langmuir monolayers reveal an increased interaction of DNA with swollen microgels (20 °C). Anionic microgels require the presence of multivalent cations (Ca2+) to promote the complexation, overcoming the electrostatic repulsion with negatively charged DNA. Then again, Langmuir monolayers evidence their complexation at the surface. However, the presence of Ca2+ seems to induce profound changes in the interaction and surface conformation of anionic microgels. These alterations are further explored by measuring adsorbed films with the pendant drop technique. Conformational changes induced by Ca2+ on the structure of the microgel can ultimately affect the complexation with DNA and should be considered in the design. The combination of microstructural and surface properties for microgels offers a new perspective into complexation of DNA with soft particles with biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maldonado-Valderrama
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.-G.); (T.d.C.-S.)
- Excellence Research Unit “Modelling Nature” (MNat), Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Yan Yang
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.-G.); (T.d.C.-S.)
| | - Maykel Jiménez-Guerra
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.-G.); (T.d.C.-S.)
| | - Teresa del Castillo-Santaella
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.-G.); (T.d.C.-S.)
| | - José Ramos
- IQLIT Emulsiones Poliméricas S.L.U., Autovía Tarragona-Salou Km 3,8., 43110 La Canonja, Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Alberto Martín-Molina
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva sn, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain; (J.M.-V.); (Y.Y.); (M.J.-G.); (T.d.C.-S.)
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universdad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Granada, Spain
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5
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Kermaniyan SS, Chen M, Zhang C, Smith SA, Johnston APR, Such C, Such GK. Understanding the Biological Interactions of pH Swellable Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100445. [PMID: 35182032 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
pH responsive nanoparticles have generated significant interest for use as drug delivery systems due to their potential for inducible release at low pH. The pH variation from the blood stream (pH 7.4) to intracellular compartments of cells called endosomes/lysosomes (pH < 5.0) has been of particular interest. However, one of the limitations with nanoparticle delivery systems is the ability to migrate out of these compartments to the cytosol or other organelles, via a process termed endosomal escape. Previous studies have postulated that pH responsive nanoparticles can facilitate endosomal escape through a range of mechanisms including membrane interaction, pH-induced swelling, and the proton-sponge effect. In this study we designed a series of pH swellable nanoparticles (85-100 nm) and investigated their impact on biological interactions, particularly endosomal escape. The particles exhibited tuneable pH-induced swelling (from 120% to 200%) and had good buffering capacity. Cellular association was studied using flow cytometry and endosomal escape was determined using a calcein leakage assay. Interestingly, we found no endosomal escape with all nanoparticle formulations, which suggests there are limitations with both the proton-sponge effect and pH-induced swelling mechanism as the primary methods for inducing endosomal escape. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Kermaniyan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Moore Chen
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Changhe Zhang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Samuel A Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Chris Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Georgina K Such
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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6
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Rui Y, Wilson DR, Tzeng SY, Yamagata HM, Sudhakar D, Conge M, Berlinicke CA, Zack DJ, Tuesca A, Green JJ. High-throughput and high-content bioassay enables tuning of polyester nanoparticles for cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and systemic in vivo delivery of mRNA. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabk2855. [PMID: 34985952 PMCID: PMC8730632 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk2855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based mRNA therapeutics hold great promise, but cellular internalization and endosomal escape remain key barriers for cytosolic delivery. We developed a dual nanoparticle uptake and endosomal disruption assay using high-throughput and high-content image-based screening. Using a genetically encoded Galectin 8 fluorescent fusion protein sensor, endosomal disruption could be detected via sensor clustering on damaged endosomal membranes. Simultaneously, nucleic acid endocytosis was quantified using fluorescently tagged mRNA. We used an array of biodegradable poly(beta-amino ester)s as well as Lipofectamine and PEI to demonstrate that this assay has higher predictive capacity for mRNA delivery compared to conventional polymer and nanoparticle physiochemical characteristics. Top nanoparticle formulations enabled safe and efficacious mRNA expression in multiple tissues following intravenous injection, demonstrating that the in vitro screening method is also predictive of in vivo performance. Efficacious nonviral systemic delivery of mRNA with biodegradable particles opens up new avenues for genetic medicine and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Rui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David R. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephany Y. Tzeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah M. Yamagata
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deepti Sudhakar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marranne Conge
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biology, Berea College, Berea, KY, USA
| | - Cynthia A. Berlinicke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald J. Zack
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Molecular Biology and Genetics, and Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony Tuesca
- AstraZeneca, Dosage Form and Design Development, BioPharmaceutical Development, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jordan J. Green
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for NanoBioTechnology, and the Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Faizullin BA, Strelnik ID, Dayanova IR, Gerasimova TP, Kholin KV, Nizameev IR, Voloshina AD, Gubaidullin AT, Fedosimova SV, Mikhailov MA, Sokolov MN, Sibgatullina GV, Samigullin DV, Petrov KA, Karasik AA, Mustafina AR. Structure impact on photodynamic therapy and cellular contrasting functions of colloids constructed from dimeric Au(I) complex and hexamolybdenum clusters. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112355. [PMID: 34474903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatically driven self-assembly of [Au2L2]2+ (L is cyclic PNNP ligand) with [{Mo6I8}(L')6]2- (L' = I-, CH3COO-) in aqueous solutions is introduced as facile route for combination of therapeutic and cellular contrasting functions within heterometallic colloids (Mo6-Au2). The nature of L' affects the size and aggregation behavior of crystalline Mo6-Au2 aggregates, which in turn affect the luminescence of the cluster units incorporated into Mo6-Au2 colloids. The spin trap facilitated electron spin resonance spectroscopy technique indicates that the level of ROS generated by Mo6-Au2 colloids is also affected by their size. Both (L' = I-, CH3COO-) Mo6-Au2 colloids undergo cell internalization, which is enhanced by their assembly with poly-DL-lysine (PL) for L' = CH3COO-, but remains unchanged for L' = I-. The colloids PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) are visualized as huge crystalline aggregates both outside and inside the cell cytoplasm by confocal microscopy imaging of the incubated cells, while the smaller sized (30-50 nm) PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = I-) efficiently stain the cell nuclei. Quantitative colocalization analysis of PL-Mo6-Au2 (L' = CH3COO-) in lysosomal compartments points to the fast endo-lysosomal escape of the colloids followed by their intracellular aggregation. The cytotoxicity of PL-Mo6-Au2 differs from that of Mo6 and Au2 blocks, predominantly acting through apoptotic pathway. The photodynamic therapeutic effect of the PL-Mo6-Au2 colloids on the cancer cells correlates with their intracellular trafficking and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulat A Faizullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation.
| | - Igor D Strelnik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irina R Dayanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana P Gerasimova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill V Kholin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Aidar T Gubaidullin
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V Fedosimova
- Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim A Mikhailov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Maxim N Sokolov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry SB RAS, 3 Acad. Lavrentiev Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Guzel V Sibgatullina
- Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry V Samigullin
- Kazan National Research Technical University named after A.N. Tupolev - KAI, 10 K. Marx str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation; Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevski str., 420111 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Karasik
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Asiya R Mustafina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 8 Arbuzov str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
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8
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Kim CW, Toita R, Kang JH, Mori T, Kishimura A, Katayama Y. Protein Kinase C α-Responsive Gene Carrier for Cancer-Specific Transgene Expression and Cancer Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2530-2537. [PMID: 33890761 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The presence of intracellular signal transduction and its abnormal activities in many cancers has potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. We recently developed a protein kinase C α (PKCα)-responsive gene carrier for cancer-specific gene delivery. Here, we demonstrate an in-depth analysis of cellular signal-responsive gene carrier and the impact of its selective transgene expression in response to malfunctioning intracellular signaling in cancer cells. We prepared a novel gene carrier consisting of a linear polyethylenimine (LPEI) main chain grafted to a cationic PKCα-specific substrate (FKKQGSFAKKK-NH2). The LPEI-peptide conjugate formed a nanosized polyplex with pDNA and mediated efficient cellular uptake and endosomal escape. This polyplex also led to successful transgene expression which responded to the target PKCα in various cancer cells and exhibited a 10-100-fold higher efficiency compared to the control group. In xenograft tumor models, the LPEI-peptide conjugate promoted transgene expression showing a clear-cut response to PKCα. Furthermore, when a plasmid containing a therapeutic gene, human caspase-8 (pcDNA-hcasp8), was used, the LPEI-peptide conjugate had significant cancer-suppressive effects and extended animal survival. Collectively, these results reveal that our method has great potential for cancer-specific gene delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Woo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Riki Toita
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan.,AIST-Osaka University Advanced Photonics and Biosensing Open Innovation Laboratory, AIST, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jeong-Hun Kang
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Shinmachi, Kishibe, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,International Research Center for Molecular Systems, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Advanced Medical Innovation, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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9
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Kumari M, Prasad S, Fruk L, Parshad B. Polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels: from synthesis to applications. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:419-438. [PMID: 33403867 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels and nanogels have emerged as promising materials for biomedical applications owing to their large surface area and tunable mechanical and chemical properties. Their large surface area is well suited for bioconjugation, whilst the interior porous network can be utilized for the transport of valuable biomolecules. The use of biocompatible hydrophilic building blocks/linkers for the preparation of hydrogels and nanogels not only avoids undesired side effects within the biological system, but also retains high water content, thereby creating an environment which is very similar to extracellular matrix. Their tunable multivalency and hydrophilicity and excellent biocompatibility, together with ease of functionalization, makes polyglycerol macromonomers well suited for synthesizing cross-linked networks that can be used as extracellular matrix mimics. Here we provide an overview of the synthesis of polyglycerol-based hydrogels and nanogels for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women, Badhra, Ch. Dadri, Haryana 127308, India
| | - Suchita Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Badri Parshad
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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10
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Pérez-Mas L, Martín-Molina A, Quesada-Pérez M. Coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations of nanogel-polyelectrolyte complexes: electrostatic effects. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3022-3028. [PMID: 32129421 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Coarse-grained Monte-Carlo simulations of nanogel-polyelectrolyte complexes have been carried out. The results presented here capture two phenomena reported in experiments with real complexes: (i) the reduction in size after absorbing just a few chains and (ii) the charge inversion detected through electrophoretic mobility data. Our simulations reveal that charge inversion occurs if the polyelectrolyte charge is large enough. In addition, the distribution of chains inside the nanogel strongly depends on whether charge inversion takes place. It should also be stressed that the chain topology has little influence on most of the properties studied here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Pérez-Mas
- Departamento de Física, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Linares, Universidad de Jaén, 23700, Linares, Jaén, Spain.
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11
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Sato Y. Design of Fluorescent Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes Carrying Cyanine Dyes for Targeting Double-Stranded RNAs for Analytical Applications. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20190361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
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12
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Hajebi S, Rabiee N, Bagherzadeh M, Ahmadi S, Rabiee M, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Tahriri M, Tayebi L, Hamblin MR. Stimulus-responsive polymeric nanogels as smart drug delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2019; 92:1-18. [PMID: 31096042 PMCID: PMC6661071 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are three-dimensional nanoscale networks formed by physically or chemically cross-linking polymers. Nanogels have been explored as drug delivery systems due to their advantageous properties, such as biocompatibility, high stability, tunable particle size, drug loading capacity, and possible modification of the surface for active targeting by attaching ligands that recognize cognate receptors on the target cells or tissues. Nanogels can be designed to be stimulus responsive, and react to internal or external stimuli such as pH, temperature, light and redox, thus resulting in the controlled release of loaded drugs. This "smart" targeting ability prevents drug accumulation in non-target tissues and minimizes the side effects of the drug. This review aims to provide an introduction to nanogels, their preparation methods, and to discuss the design of various stimulus-responsive nanogels that are able to provide controlled drug release in response to particular stimuli. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Smart and stimulus-responsive drug delivery is a rapidly growing area of biomaterial research. The explosive rise in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, has provided a host of nanoparticles and nanovehicles which may bewilder the uninitiated reader. This review will lay out the evidence that polymeric nanogels have an important role to play in the design of innovative drug delivery vehicles that respond to internal and external stimuli such as temperature, pH, redox, and light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Hajebi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Division of Diseases, Advanced Technologies Research Group, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rabiee
- Biomaterials Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran; Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335-1996, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Lobat Tayebi
- Marquette University School of Dentistry, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, USA.
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13
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Liechty WB, Scheuerle RL, Vela Ramirez JE, Peppas NA. Cytoplasmic delivery of functional siRNA using pH-Responsive nanoscale hydrogels. Int J Pharm 2019; 562:249-257. [PMID: 30858114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The progress of short interfering RNA (siRNA) technologies has unlocked the development of novel alternatives for the treatment of a myriad of diseases, including viral infections, autoimmune disorders, or cancer. Nevertheless, the clinical use of these therapies faces significant challenges, mainly overcoming the charged and large nature of these molecules to effectively enter the cell. In this work, we developed a cationic polymer nanoparticle system that is able to load siRNA due to electrostatic interactions. The pH-responsiveness and membrane-disrupting ability of these carriers make them suitable intracellular delivery vehicles. In the work presented herein we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated the properties of nanoparticles based on 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate copolymers. A disulfide crosslinker was incorporated in the nanogels to enable the degradation of the nanoparticles in reductive environments, showing no significant changes on their physicochemical properties. The capability of the developed nanogels to be internalized, deliver siRNA, and induce gene knockdown were demonstrated using a human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. Overall, these findings suggest that this platform exhibits desirable characteristics as a potential siRNA-delivery platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Liechty
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Rebekah L Scheuerle
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Julia E Vela Ramirez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Nicholas A Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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14
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Kilchrist KV, Dimobi SC, Jackson MA, Evans BC, Werfel TA, Dailing EA, Bedingfield SK, Kelly IB, Duvall CL. Gal8 Visualization of Endosome Disruption Predicts Carrier-Mediated Biologic Drug Intracellular Bioavailability. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1136-1152. [PMID: 30629431 PMCID: PMC6995262 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b05482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Endolysosome entrapment is one of the key barriers to the therapeutic use of biologic drugs that act intracellularly. The screening of prospective nanoscale endosome-disrupting delivery technologies is currently limited by methods that are indirect and cumbersome. Here, we statistically validate Galectin 8 (Gal8) intracellular tracking as a superior approach that is direct, quantitative, and predictive of therapeutic cargo intracellular bioactivity through in vitro high-throughput screening and in vivo validation. Gal8 is a cytosolically dispersed protein that, when endosomes are disrupted, redistributes by binding to glycosylation moieties selectively located on the inner face of endosomal membranes. The quantitative redistribution of a Gal8 fluorescent fusion protein from the cytosol into endosomes is demonstrated as a real-time, live-cell assessment of endosomal integrity that does not require labeling or modification of either the carrier or the biologic drug and that allows quantitative distinction between closely related, endosome-disruptive drug carriers. Through screening two families of siRNA polymeric carrier compositions at varying dosages, we show that Gal8 endosomal recruitment correlates strongly ( r = 0.95 and p < 10-4) with intracellular siRNA bioactivity. Through this screen, we gathered insights into how composition and molecular weight affect endosome disruption activity of poly[(ethylene glycol)- b-[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)- co-(butyl methacrylate)]] [PEG-(DMAEMA- co-BMA)] siRNA delivery systems. Additional studies showed that Gal8 recruitment predicts intracellular bioactivity better than current standard methods such as Lysotracker colocalization ( r = 0.35, not significant), pH-dependent hemolysis (not significant), or cellular uptake ( r = 0.73 and p < 10-3). Importantly, the Gal8 recruitment method is also amenable to fully objective high-throughput screening using automated image acquisition and quantitative image analysis, with a robust estimated Z' of 0.6 (whereas assays with Z' > 0 have high-throughput screening utility). Finally, we also provide measurements of in vivo endosomal disruption based on Gal8 visualization ( p < 0.03) of a nanocarrier formulation confirmed to produce significant cytosolic delivery and bioactivity of siRNA within tumors ( p < 0.02). In sum, this report establishes the utility of Gal8 subcellular tracking for the rapid optimization and high-throughput screening of the endosome disruption potency of intracellular delivery technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kameron V. Kilchrist
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Somtochukwu C. Dimobi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Meredith A. Jackson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Brian C. Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | | | - Eric A. Dailing
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Sean K. Bedingfield
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Isom B. Kelly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351634, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
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15
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Abstract
With its nearly unrestricted possibilities, gene therapy attracts more and more significance in modern-day research. The only issue still seeming to hold back its clinical success is the actual effective delivery of genetic material. Nucleic acids are in general challenging to administer to their intracellular targets due to their unfavorable pharmaceutical characteristics. Polymeric nanogels present a promising delivery platform for oligonucleotide-based therapies, as the growing number of reports deliberated in this review represents. Within the scope of this article, recent progress in the employment of nanogels as gene delivery vectors is summarized and different examples of modified, stimuli-responsive, targeted and co-delivering nanogels are discussed in detail. Furthermore, major aspects of successful gene delivery are addressed and critically debated in regards to nanogels, giving insights into what progress has been made and which key issues still need to be further approached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kandil
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81337, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia M. Merkel
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81337, Munich, Germany
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16
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Smith SA, Selby LI, Johnston APR, Such GK. The Endosomal Escape of Nanoparticles: Toward More Efficient Cellular Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 30:263-272. [PMID: 30452233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many emerging therapies rely on the delivery of biological cargo into the cytosol. Nanoparticle delivery systems hold great potential to deliver these therapeutics but are hindered by entrapment and subsequent degradation in acidic compartments of the endo/lysosomal pathway. Engineering polymeric delivery systems that are able to escape the endosome has significant potential to address this issue. However, the development of safe and effective delivery systems that can reliably deliver cargo to the cytosol is still a challenge. Greater understanding of the properties that govern endosomal escape and how it can be quantified is important for the development of more efficient nanoparticle delivery systems. This Topical Review highlights the current understanding of the mechanisms by which nanoparticles escape the endosome, and the emerging techniques to improve the quantification of endosomal escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Smith
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
| | - Laura I Selby
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3052
| | - Georgina K Such
- The School of Chemistry , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia , 3010
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17
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Guerzoni LPB, Bohl J, Jans A, Rose JC, Koehler J, Kuehne AJC, De Laporte L. Microfluidic fabrication of polyethylene glycol microgel capsules with tailored properties for the delivery of biomolecules. Biomater Sci 2018; 5:1549-1557. [PMID: 28604857 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00322f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic encapsulation platforms have great potential not only in pharmaceutical applications but also in the consumer products industry. Droplet-based microfluidics is increasingly used for the production of monodisperse polymer microcapsules for biomedical applications. In this work, a microfluidic technique is developed for the fabrication of monodisperse double emulsion droplets, where the shell is crosslinked into microgel capsules. A six-armed acrylated star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide-stat-propylene oxide) pre-polymer is used to form the microgel shell after a photo-initiated crosslinking reaction. The synthesized microgel capsules are hollow, enabling direct encapsulation of large amounts of multiple biomolecules with the inner aqueous phase completely engulfed inside the double emulsion droplets. The shell thickness and overall microgel sizes can be controlled via the flow rates. The morphology and size of the shells are characterized by cryo-SEM. The encapsulation and retention of 10 kDa FITC-dextran and its microgel degradation mediated release are monitored by fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis P B Guerzoni
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jan Bohl
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Jans
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jonas C Rose
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jens Koehler
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Ekkelenkamp AE, Elzes MR, Engbersen JFJ, Paulusse JMJ. Responsive crosslinked polymer nanogels for imaging and therapeutics delivery. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:210-235. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb02239e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels are water-soluble crosslinked polymer networks with tremendous potential in targeted imaging and controlled drug and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonie E. Ekkelenkamp
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - M. Rachèl Elzes
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Johan F. J. Engbersen
- Department of Controlled Drug Delivery
- MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology
- Faculty of Science and Technology
- University of Twente
- Enschede
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19
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Hu Y, Deng M, Yang H, Chen L, Xiao C, Zhuang X, Chen X. Multi-responsive core-crosslinked poly (thiolether ester) micelles for smart drug delivery. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Ge D, Higashi K, Ito D, Nagano K, Ishikawa R, Terui Y, Higashi K, Moribe K, Linhardt RJ, Toida T. Poly-ion Complex of Chondroitin Sulfate and Spermine and Its Effect on Oral Chondroitin Sulfate Bioavailability. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 64:390-8. [PMID: 27150471 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c15-00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has been accepted as an ingredient in health foods for the treatment of symptoms related to arthritis and cartilage repair. However, CS is poorly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract because of its high negative electric charges and molecular weight (MW). In this study, poly-ion complex (PIC) formation was found in aqueous solutions through electrostatic interaction between CS and polyamines-organic molecules having two or more primary amino groups ubiquitously distributed in natural products at high concentrations. Characteristic properties of various PICs generated by mixing CS and natural polyamines, including unusual polyamines, were studied based on the turbidity for PIC formation, the dynamic light scattering for the size of PIC particles, and ζ-potential measurements for the surface charges of PIC particles. The efficiency of PIC formation between CS and spermine increased in a CS MW-dependent manner, with 15 kDa CS being critical for the formation of PIC (particle size: 3.41 µm) having nearly neutral surface charge (ζ-potential: -0.80 mV). Comparatively, mixing tetrakis(3-aminopropyl)ammonium and 15 kDa of CS afforded significant levels of PIC (particle size: 0.42±0.16 µm) despite a strongly negative surface charge (-34.67±1.15 mV). Interestingly, the oral absorption efficiency of CS was greatly improved only when PIC possessing neutral surface charges was administered to mice. High formation efficiency and electrically neutral surface charge of PIC particles are important factors for oral CS bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ge
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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21
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Nanomedicines for advanced cancer treatments: Transitioning towards responsive systems. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:132-164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Soni KS, Desale SS, Bronich TK. Nanogels: An overview of properties, biomedical applications and obstacles to clinical translation. J Control Release 2016; 240:109-126. [PMID: 26571000 PMCID: PMC4862943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanogels have emerged as a versatile hydrophilic platform for encapsulation of guest molecules with a capability to respond to external stimuli that can be used for a multitude of applications. These are soft materials capable of holding small molecular therapeutics, biomacromolecules, and inorganic nanoparticles within their crosslinked networks, which allows them to find applications for therapy as well as imaging of a variety of disease conditions. Their stimuli-responsive behavior can be easily controlled by selection of constituent polymer and crosslinker components to achieve a desired response at the site of action, which imparts nanogels the ability to participate actively in the intended function of the carrier system rather than being passive carriers of their cargo. These properties not only enhance the functionality of the carrier system but also help in overcoming many of the challenges associated with the delivery of cargo molecules, and this review aims to highlight the distinct and unique capabilities of nanogels as carrier systems for the delivery of an array of cargo molecules over other nanomaterials. Despite their obvious usefulness, nanogels are still not a commonplace occurrence in clinical practice. We have also made an attempt to highlight some of the major challenges that need to be overcome to advance nanogels further in the field of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti S Soni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Swapnil S Desale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA
| | - Tatiana K Bronich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug Delivery and Nanomedicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5830, USA.
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23
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Incorporation of Fe@Au nanoparticles into multiresponsive pNIPAM-AAc colloidal gels modulates drug uptake and release. Colloid Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-016-3944-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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24
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Jeevanandam J, Chan YS, Danquah MK. Nano-formulations of drugs: Recent developments, impact and challenges. Biochimie 2016; 128-129:99-112. [PMID: 27436182 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nano-formulations of medicinal drugs have attracted the interest of many researchers for drug delivery applications. These nano-formulations enhance the properties of conventional drugs and are specific to the targeted delivery site. Dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, nano-emulsions and micelles are some of the nano-formulations that are gaining prominence in pharmaceutical industry for enhanced drug formulation. Wide varieties of synthesis methods are available for the preparation of nano-formulations to deliver drugs in biological system. The choice of synthesis methods depend on the size and shape of particulate formulation, biochemical properties of drug, and the targeted site. This article discusses recent developments in nano-formulation and the progressive impact on pharmaceutical research and industries. Additionally, process challenges relating to consistent generation of nano-formulations for drug delivery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaison Jeevanandam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Yen San Chan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
| | - Michael K Danquah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, CDT 250, 98009, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia
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25
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Aguirre G, Ramos J, Forcada J. Advanced design of t and pH dual-responsive PDEAEMA-PVCL core-shell nanogels for siRNA delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Garbiñe Aguirre
- POLYMAT, Bionanoparticles Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, UFI 11/56, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Apdo. 1072 Donostia-San Sebastián 20080 Spain
| | - Jose Ramos
- POLYMAT, Bionanoparticles Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, UFI 11/56, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Apdo. 1072 Donostia-San Sebastián 20080 Spain
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- POLYMAT, Bionanoparticles Group, Department of Applied Chemistry, UFI 11/56, Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Apdo. 1072 Donostia-San Sebastián 20080 Spain
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26
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D’souza AA, Shegokar R. Polyethylene glycol (PEG): a versatile polymer for pharmaceutical applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1257-75. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1182485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha A. D’souza
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Ranjita Shegokar
- Department Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics & NutriCosmetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Sato T, Sato Y, Iwai K, Kuge S, Teramae N, Nishizawa S. Fluorescence imaging of siRNA delivery by peptide nucleic acid-based probe. ANAL SCI 2016; 31:315-20. [PMID: 25864675 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.31.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We report on the use of a peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-based fluorescent probe for the analysis of siRNA delivery to living cells. The probe, Py-AA-TO, possesses thiazole orange (TO) and pyrene moieties in the C- and N-termini of PNA, and can function as a light-up probe capable of selective binding to 3'-overhanging nucleotides of target siRNAs. The affinity-labeling of the siRNAs with Py-AA-TO facilitates fluorescence imaging of cellular uptake of polymer-based carriers encapsulating the siRNAs (polyplexes) through endocytosis and subsequent sequestration into lysosome. In addition, flow cytometric measurements reveal that the monitoring of Py-AA-TO fluorescence inside the cells is successfully applicable to the analysis of the polyplex disassembly. These promising functions of Py-AA-TO are presented and discussed as a basis for the design of molecular probes for fluorescent imaging and quantitative analysis of the siRNA delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Sato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
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28
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Jin S, Wan J, Meng L, Huang X, Guo J, Liu L, Wang C. Biodegradation and Toxicity of Protease/Redox/pH Stimuli-Responsive PEGlated PMAA Nanohydrogels for Targeting Drug delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:19843-19852. [PMID: 26288386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of nanomaterials in intelligent drug delivery is developing rapidly for treatment of cancers. In this paper, we fabricated a new kind of protease/redox/pH stimuli-responsive biodegradable nanohydrogels with methacrylic acid (MAA) as the monomer and N,N-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BACy) as the cross-linker through a facile reflux-precipitation polymerization. After that, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid (FA) were covalently grafted onto the surface of the nanohydrogels for enhancement of their long in vivo circulation lifetime and active targeting ability to the tumor cells and tissues. This kind of nanohydrogels could be disassembled into short polymer chains (Mn<1140; PDI<1.35) both in response to glutathione (GSH) through reduction of the sensitive disulfide bonds and protease by breakage of the amido bonds in the cross-linked networks. The nanohydrogels were utilized to simultaneously load both hydrophilic drug doxorubicin (DOX) and hydrophobic drug paclitaxel (PTX) with high drug loading efficiency. The cumulative release profile showed that the drug release from the drug-loaded nanohydrogels was significantly expedited by weak acidic (pH 5.0) and reducing environment (GSH), which exhibited an distinct redox/pH dual stimuli-responsive drug release to reduce the leakage of drugs before they reach tumor site. In addition, the in vitro experiment results indicated that the multidrug-loaded system had synergistic effect on cancer therapy. Meanwhile, the acute toxicity and intravital fluorescence imaging studies were adopted to evaluate the biocompatibility and biotoxicity of the nanohydrogels, the experimental results showed that the PEG modification could greatly enhance the long in vivo circulation lifetime and reduce the acute toxicity (LD50: from 138.4 mg/kg to 499.7 mg/kg) of the nanohydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiaxun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lizheng Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Phamaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Phamaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Phamaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, and Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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29
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Gilleron J, Paramasivam P, Zeigerer A, Querbes W, Marsico G, Andree C, Seifert S, Amaya P, Stöter M, Koteliansky V, Waldmann H, Fitzgerald K, Kalaidzidis Y, Akinc A, Maier MA, Manoharan M, Bickle M, Zerial M. Identification of siRNA delivery enhancers by a chemical library screen. Nucleic Acids Res 2015. [PMID: 26220182 PMCID: PMC4652771 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most delivery systems for small interfering RNA therapeutics depend on endocytosis and release from endo-lysosomal compartments. One approach to improve delivery is to identify small molecules enhancing these steps. It is unclear to what extent such enhancers can be universally applied to different delivery systems and cell types. Here, we performed a compound library screen on two well-established siRNA delivery systems, lipid nanoparticles and cholesterol conjugated-siRNAs. We identified fifty-one enhancers improving gene silencing 2–5 fold. Strikingly, most enhancers displayed specificity for one delivery system only. By a combination of quantitative fluorescence and electron microscopy we found that the enhancers substantially differed in their mechanism of action, increasing either endocytic uptake or release of siRNAs from endosomes. Furthermore, they acted either on the delivery system itself or the cell, by modulating the endocytic system via distinct mechanisms. Interestingly, several compounds displayed activity on different cell types. As proof of principle, we showed that one compound enhanced siRNA delivery in primary endothelial cells in vitro and in the endocardium in the mouse heart. This study suggests that a pharmacological approach can improve the delivery of siRNAs in a system-specific fashion, by exploiting distinct mechanisms and acting upon multiple cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Gilleron
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany INSERM U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire C3M, Nice, France; Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Prasath Paramasivam
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Zeigerer
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Giovanni Marsico
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cordula Andree
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sarah Seifert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pablo Amaya
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Stöter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Victor Koteliansky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Department, Leninskie Gory, 1/3, Moscow 119991, Russia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 100 Novaya str., Skolkovo, Odinsovsky district, Moscow 143025, Russia
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany Chemical Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Yannis Kalaidzidis
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Akin Akinc
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Marc Bickle
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marino Zerial
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307, Dresden, Germany
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30
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Toyoda M, Hama S, Ikeda Y, Nagasaki Y, Kogure K. Anti-cancer vaccination by transdermal delivery of antigen peptide-loaded nanogels via iontophoresis. Int J Pharm 2015; 483:110-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Gonzalez-Burgos M, Latorre-Sanchez A, Pomposo JA. Advances in single chain technology. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6122-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00209e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances in single chain technology for the construction of soft nano-objects via chain compaction, and their envisioned applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gonzalez-Burgos
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - Alejandro Latorre-Sanchez
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
| | - José A. Pomposo
- Centro de Física de Materiales (CSIC, UPV/EHU) – Materials Physics Center
- E-20018 San Sebastián
- Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)
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32
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Zhang X, Malhotra S, Molina M, Haag R. Micro- and nanogels with labile crosslinks – from synthesis to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:1948-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We emphasize the synthetic strategies to produce micro-/nanogels and the importance of degradable linkers incorporated in the gel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Shashwat Malhotra
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Maria Molina
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Freie Universität Berlin
- Berlin 14195
- Germany
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33
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Suzuki D, Kobayashi C. Raspberry-shaped composite microgel synthesis by seeded emulsion polymerization with hydrogel particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7085-92. [PMID: 24881767 DOI: 10.1021/la5017752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A series of raspberry-shaped composite microgels were synthesized by the seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene with hydrogel particles. Thermoresponsive microgels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) cross-linked with N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) acted as cores for the polymerization. During the surfactant-free polymerization, the core microgels shrank at 70 °C to provide thermoresponsive composite microgels, and the polystyrene particles attached to core microgels became bigger with increasing styrene concentration. Conversely, composite microgels synthesized with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) ([SDS] > 6.5 mM) did not exhibit thermoresponsive deswelling behavior because polystyrene particles covered the core microgels. In particular, polystyrene particles formed composites on the microgel surface as well as inside the microgels when the SDS concentration exceeded a critical value for core microgel swelling at 70 °C. A mechanism is proposed based on these results for the seeded emulsion polymerization of water-immiscible monomers with microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University , 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda 386-8567, Japan
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34
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Forbes DC, Peppas NA. Polymeric Nanocarriers for siRNA Delivery to Murine Macrophages. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1096-105. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diane C. Forbes
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- Department of Chemical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400 Austin TX 78712 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; The University of Texas at Austin; 1 University Station C0800 Austin TX 78712 USA
- College of Pharmacy; The University of Texas at Austin; 2409 University Ave. A1900 Austin TX 78712 USA
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35
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Suzuki D, Nagase Y, Kureha T, Sato T. Internal Structures of Thermosensitive Hybrid Microgels Investigated by Means of Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2194-204. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410983x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567 Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Nagase
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takuma Kureha
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567 Japan
| | - Takaaki Sato
- Graduate School of Textile Science & Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1 Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567 Japan
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36
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Khoee S, Kavand A. Preparation, co-assembling and interfacial crosslinking of photocurable and folate-conjugated amphiphilic block copolymers for controlled and targeted drug delivery: smart armored nanocarriers. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 73:18-29. [PMID: 24374349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel pH-sensitive, biodegradable and biocompatible copolymers based on polycaprolactone-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL/PEG) were synthesized and further modified with folic acid and/or acryloyl chloride. The mixed polymeric micelles were formed by self-assembling of folated-copolymer and non-folated-copolymer with different compositions via nanoprecipitation method. The solubilization of quercetin as anti-cancer drug by the mixed micelle with the optimized composition (folated/non-folated 20/80) was more efficient than those made of each one alone. Nanogels with different crosslinking density were produced in the presence of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker via a photochemical method. Interfacial crosslinking of acrylated groups were utilized to produce a core-shell spherical nanoparticle to evaluate their in-vitro drug release and degradation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Kavand
- Polymer Laboratory, Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran
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37
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Hama S, Kimura Y, Mikami A, Shiota K, Toyoda M, Tamura A, Nagasaki Y, Kanamura K, Kajimoto K, Kogure K. Electric stimulus opens intercellular spaces in skin. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:2450-6. [PMID: 24318878 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.514414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Iontophoresis is a technology for transdermal delivery of ionic small medicines by faint electricity. Since iontophoresis can noninvasively deliver charged molecules into the skin, this technology could be a useful administration method that may enhance patient comfort. Previously, we succeeded in the transdermal penetration of positively charged liposomes (diameters: 200-400 nm) encapsulating insulin by iontophoresis (Kajimoto, K., Yamamoto, M., Watanabe, M., Kigasawa, K., Kanamura, K., Harashima, H., and Kogure, K. (2011) Int. J. Pharm. 403, 57-65). However, the mechanism by which these liposomes penetrated the skin was difficult to define based on general knowledge of principles such as electro-repulsion and electro-osmosis. In the present study, we confirmed that rigid nanoparticles could penetrate into the epidermis by iontophoresis. We further found that levels of the gap junction protein connexin 43 protein significantly decreased after faint electric stimulus (ES) treatment, although occludin, CLD-4, and ZO-1 levels were unchanged. Moreover, connexin 43 phosphorylation and filamentous actin depolymerization in vivo and in vitro were observed when permeation of charged liposomes through intercellular spaces was induced by ES. Ca(2+) inflow into cells was promoted by ES with charged liposomes, while a protein kinase C inhibitor prevented ES-induced permeation of macromolecules. Consequently, we demonstrate that ES treatment with charged liposomes induced dissociation of intercellular junctions via cell signaling pathways. These findings suggest that ES could be used to regulate skin physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hama
- From the Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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38
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Urakami H, Hentschel J, Seetho K, Zeng H, Chawla K, Guan Z. Surfactant-free synthesis of biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive cationic nanogel particles. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:3682-8. [PMID: 24047127 DOI: 10.1021/bm401039r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanogels have attracted much attention lately because of their many potential applications, including as nanocarriers for drug and gene delivery. Most nanogels reported previously, however, are not biodegradable, and their synthesis often requires the use of surfactants. Herein we report a surfactant-free method for the preparation of biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive cationic nanogels. The nanogels were synthesized by simply coaservating linear polymer precursors in mixed solvents followed by in situ cross-linking with homobifunctional cross-linkers. The versatility of this approach has been demonstrated by employing two different polymers and various cross-linkers to prepare nanogel particles with diameters ranging from 170 to 220 nm. Specifically, disulfide-containing tetralysine (TetK)- and oligoethylenimine (OEI)-based prepolymers were prepared and the subsequent nanogels were formed by covalently cross-linking the polymer coacervate phase. Nanogel particles are responsive to pH changes, increasing in size and zeta-potential with concomitant lowering of solution pH. Furthermore, as revealed by AFM imaging, nanogel particles were degradable in the presence of glutathione at concentrations similar to those in intracellular environment (10 mM). Both the nanogel and the polymer precursors were determined to exhibit minimal cytotoxicity against fibroblast 3T3 cells by flow cytometric analyses and fluorescent imaging. This study demonstrates a new surfactant-free method for preparing biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive nanogels as potential nanocarriers for the delivery of drugs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Urakami
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , 1102 Natural Sciences 2, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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39
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Ramos J, Forcada J, Hidalgo-Alvarez R. Cationic Polymer Nanoparticles and Nanogels: From Synthesis to Biotechnological Applications. Chem Rev 2013; 114:367-428. [DOI: 10.1021/cr3002643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ramos
- POLYMAT,
Bionanoparticles Group, Departamento de Química Aplicada, UFI
11/56, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Forcada
- POLYMAT,
Bionanoparticles Group, Departamento de Química Aplicada, UFI
11/56, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Apdo. 1072, 20080 Donostia-San
Sebastián, Spain
| | - Roque Hidalgo-Alvarez
- Grupo
de Física de Fluidos y Biocoloides, Departamento de Física
Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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40
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41
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Suzuki D, Horigome K. Assembly of Oppositely Charged Microgels at the Air/Water Interface. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:9073-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4035166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- Graduate
School of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567,
Japan
| | - Koji Horigome
- Graduate
School of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda 386-8567,
Japan
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42
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Image-based analysis of lipid nanoparticle-mediated siRNA delivery, intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape. Nat Biotechnol 2013; 31:638-46. [PMID: 23792630 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.2612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) remains a key challenge in the development of RNA interference (RNAi) therapeutics. A better understanding of the mechanisms of siRNA cellular uptake, intracellular transport and endosomal release could critically contribute to the improvement of delivery methods. Here we monitored the uptake of lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) loaded with traceable siRNAs in different cell types in vitro and in mouse liver by quantitative fluorescence imaging and electron microscopy. We found that LNPs enter cells by both constitutive and inducible pathways in a cell type-specific manner using clathrin-mediated endocytosis as well as macropinocytosis. By directly detecting colloidal-gold particles conjugated to siRNAs, we estimated that escape of siRNAs from endosomes into the cytosol occurs at low efficiency (1-2%) and only during a limited window of time when the LNPs reside in a specific compartment sharing early and late endosomal characteristics. Our results provide insights into LNP-mediated siRNA delivery that can guide development of the next generation of delivery systems for RNAi therapeutics.
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43
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Advances in click chemistry for single-chain nanoparticle construction. Molecules 2013; 18:3339-55. [PMID: 23493101 PMCID: PMC6270143 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-chain polymeric nanoparticles are artificial folded soft nano-objects of ultra-small size which have recently gained prominence in nanoscience and nanotechnology due to their exceptional and sometimes unique properties. This review focuses on the current state of the investigations of click chemistry techniques for highly-efficient single-chain nanoparticle construction. Additionally, recent progress achieved for the use of well-defined single-chain nanoparticles in some promising fields, such as nanomedicine and catalysis, is highlighted.
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44
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Vehicles for Small Interfering RNA transfection: Exosomes versus Synthetic Nanocarriers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/rnan-2013-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTherapies based on RNA interference (RNAi) hold a great potential for targeted interference of the expression of specific genes. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and micro-RNAs interrupt protein synthesis by inducing the degradation of messenger RNAs or by blocking their translation. RNAibased therapies can modulate the expression of otherwise undruggable target proteins. Full exploitation of RNAi for medical purposes depends on efficient and safe methods for delivery of small RNAs to the target cells. Tremendous effort has gone into the development of synthetic carriers to meet all requirements for efficient delivery of nucleic acids into particular tissues. Recently, exosomes unveiled their function as a natural communication system which can be utilized for the transport of small RNAs into target cells. In this review, the capabilities of exosomes as delivery vehicles for small RNAs are compared to synthetic carrier systems. The step by step requirements for efficient transfection are considered: production of the vehicle, RNA loading, protection against degradation, lack of immunogenicity, targeting possibilities, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, RNA release into the cytoplasm and gene silencing efficiency. An exosomebased siRNA delivery system shows many advantages over conventional transfection agents, however, some crucial issues need further optimization before broad clinical application can be realized.
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45
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Tamura A, Yui N. Cellular internalization and gene silencing of siRNA polyplexes by cytocleavable cationic polyrotaxanes with tailored rigid backbones. Biomaterials 2013; 34:2480-91. [PMID: 23332177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To achieve successful delivery of siRNA therapeutics, cytocleavable cationic polyrotaxanes (PRXs) composed of N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (DMAE) group-modified α-cyclodextrins (CDs) that were threaded onto a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) axis and capped with a bulky stopper using cytocleavable disulfide linkages (DMAE-PRX) were utilized as an siRNA carrier. DMAE-PRXs with various numbers of threading CDs and modified DMAE groups were synthesized, and the physicochemical properties, cellular internalization, and gene silencing activity of DMAE-PRX/siRNA were investigated to elucidate the relationship between its supramolecular structure and its function. When the numbers of modified DMAE groups were increased, the DMAE-PRXs formed closely associated polyplexes with siRNA and increased their polyanion exchange resistance. Additionally, the DMAE-PRXs with 52 threading CDs (52CD-PRXs) showed greater binding capabilities with siRNA and greater resistance to polyanion competition than 31CD-PRXs, indicating that the highly CD-threaded PRX structure in the 52CD-PRXs is superior in forming stable polyplexes with siRNA. Indeed, 52CD-PRX/siRNA showed greater intracellular uptake of siRNA than 31CD-PRX/siRNA with comparable numbers of DMAE groups. 52CD-PRX/siRNA successfully induced gene silencing of a targeted luciferase expressed in human cervical carcinoma without marked cytotoxicity and non-specific gene silencing. Although the gene silencing activities of DMAE-PRX/siRNA were comparable to those of linear poly(ethylenimine) (L-PEI), L-PEI showed cytotoxicity and non-specific gene silencing. Additionally, DMAE-PRXs with cytocleavable capabilities were found to enhance gene silencing, in comparison with non-cleavable DMAE-PRX. Thus, the cytocleavable cationic PRXs are suggested to be attractive supermolecules for the delivery of therapeutic siRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Dai F, Liu Y, Wang W, Liu W. Stable gene transfection mediated by polysulfobetaine/PDMAEMA diblock copolymer in salted medium. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 24:330-43. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.690279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Dai
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin , 300072 , People’s Republic of China
- b National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering , Chinese Academy Of Sciences , No. 1 Zhongguancun North Second Street, Beijing , 100190 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin , 300072 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin , 300072 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenguang Liu
- a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials , Tianjin University , 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin , 300072 , People’s Republic of China
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Suzuki D, Yamakawa S. Hydrogel particles as a particulate stabilizer for dispersion polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:10629-10634. [PMID: 22780687 DOI: 10.1021/la301127q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel particles composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were used as a particulate steric stabilizer for the dispersion polymerization of styrene for the first time. The effects of the size and concentration of the hydrogel particles on the resultant polystyrene particles were investigated. As expected, the hydrogel particles indeed play the role of steric stabilizer for dispersion polymerization. Moreover, some of the resultant polystyrene particles were covered with hydrogel particles, which was confirmed by electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Suzuki
- International Young Researchers Empowerment Center, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida Ueda 386-8567 Japan.
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Wu ZW, Chien CT, Liu CY, Yan JY, Lin SY. Recent progress in copolymer-mediated siRNA delivery. J Drug Target 2012; 20:551-60. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.699057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Polymer nanogels: a versatile nanoscopic drug delivery platform. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2012; 64:836-51. [PMID: 22342438 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review we put the spotlight on crosslinked polymer nanogels, a promising platform that has the characteristics of an "ideal" drug delivery vehicle. Some of the key aspects of drug delivery vehicle design like stability, response to biologically relevant stimuli, passive targeting, active targeting, toxicity and ease of synthesis are discussed. We discuss several delivery systems in this light and highlight some examples of systems, which satisfy some or all of these design requirements. In particular, we point to the advantages that crosslinked polymeric systems bring to drug delivery. We review some of the synthetic methods of nanogel synthesis and conclude with the diverse applications in drug delivery where nanogels have been fruitfully employed.
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Nuhn L, Hirsch M, Krieg B, Koynov K, Fischer K, Schmidt M, Helm M, Zentel R. Cationic nanohydrogel particles as potential siRNA carriers for cellular delivery. ACS NANO 2012; 6:2198-214. [PMID: 22381078 DOI: 10.1021/nn204116u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides such as short, double-stranded RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) promise high potential in gene therapy. For pharmaceutical application, however, adequate drug carriers are required. Among various concepts progressing in the market or final development, nanosized hydrogel particles may serve as novel transport media especially for siRNA. In this work, a new concept of synthesizing polymeric cationic nanohydrogels was developed, which offers a promising strategy to complex and transport siRNA into cells. For this purpose, amphiphilic reactive ester block copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization of pentafluorophenyl methacrylate as reactive ester monomer together with tri(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate. In polar aprotic solvents, a self-assembly of these polymers could be observed leading to the formation of nanometer-sized polymer aggregates. The resulting superstructures were used to convert the reactive precursor block copolymers with amine-containing cross-linker molecules into covalently stabilized hydrogel particles. Detailed dynamic light scattering studies showed that the structure of the self-assembled aggregates can permanently be locked-in by this process. This method offers a new possibility to synthesize precise nanohydrogels of different size starting from various block copolymers. Moreover, via reactive ester approach, further functionalities could be attached to the nanoparticle, such as fluorescent dyes, which allowed distinct tracing of the hydrogels during complexation with siRNA or cell uptake experiments. In this respect, cellular uptake of the particles themselves as well as with its payload could be detected successfully. Looking ahead, these novel cationic nanohydrogel particles may serve as a new platform for proper siRNA delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Nuhn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Staudingerweg 5, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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