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Wang B, Kobeissy F, Golpich M, Cai G, Li X, Abedi R, Haskins W, Tan W, Benner SA, Wang KKW. Aptamer Technologies in Neuroscience, Neuro-Diagnostics and Neuro-Medicine Development. Molecules 2024; 29:1124. [PMID: 38474636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aptamers developed using in vitro Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technology are single-stranded nucleic acids 10-100 nucleotides in length. Their targets, often with specificity and high affinity, range from ions and small molecules to proteins and other biological molecules as well as larger systems, including cells, tissues, and animals. Aptamers often rival conventional antibodies with improved performance, due to aptamers' unique biophysical and biochemical properties, including small size, synthetic accessibility, facile modification, low production cost, and low immunogenicity. Therefore, there is sustained interest in engineering and adapting aptamers for many applications, including diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, aptamers have shown promise as early diagnostic biomarkers and in precision medicine for neurodegenerative and neurological diseases. Here, we critically review neuro-targeting aptamers and their potential applications in neuroscience research, neuro-diagnostics, and neuro-medicine. We also discuss challenges that must be overcome, including delivery across the blood-brain barrier, increased affinity, and improved in vivo stability and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- The Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 1501 NW 68th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CVNR), Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
| | - Mojtaba Golpich
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Guangzheng Cai
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Reem Abedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - William Haskins
- Gryphon Bio, Inc., 611 Gateway Blvd. Suite 120 #253, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Weihong Tan
- Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Steven A Benner
- The Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, 1501 NW 68th Terrace, Gainesville, FL 32605, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Center for Neurotrauma, MultiOmics and Biomarkers (CNMB), Department of Neurobiology, Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, 1601 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation (CVNR), Atlanta VA Health Care System, 1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033, USA
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Hu Q, Zhang B, Ren H, Zhou X, He C, Shen Y, Zhou Z, Hu H. Supramolecular metal-organic frameworks as host-guest nanoplatforms for versatile and customizable biomedical applications. Acta Biomater 2023; 168:617-627. [PMID: 37482147 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of disease with multifunctional nanoparticles has improved specificity and sensitivity but also raises the complexity, potential toxicity, and cost. Here, we show a facile and degradable self-assembly β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) nanoplatform for customizable multifunctional imaging. These β-CD-MOF nanoparticles were obtained with favorable morphology and size by controlling the degradation time. The β-CD-MOF were used as nanoplatforms for facile functionalization with adamantane (Ad)-modified probes through host-guest interactions between the surface β-CD units and Ad molecules. We demonstrated the method's feasibility and capability by developing various contrast agents for multiple biomedical imaging, including fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) imaging. The nanoprobes showed superior performance compared to the corresponding small molecular probes, including better physio-chemical properties (e.g., about 5 times of T1 relaxivity for MRI, 1.2 times of Hounsfield units for CT), improved pharmacokinetics, effective tissue imaging capability, and low safety concerns. These β-CD-MOF-based nanoparticles are promising host-guest nanoplatforms for developing multifunctional and safe imaging probes. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Molecular imaging of disease with multifunctional nanoparticles has improved specificity and sensitivity but also raises the complexity, potential toxicity, and cost. Here, we introduce facile and degradable self-assembly β-cyclodextrin metal-organic framework (β-CD-MOF) nanoplatforms for customizable multifunctional imaging. The significance of this work includes: 1) This work reports the tailoring of MOFs nanoparticles with suitable sizes and shapes for biomedical applications through controllable morphological transition and degradation; 2) The β-CD-MOF-based host-guest nanoplatforms are facile and feasible for developing multifunctional nanoparticular contrast agents for effective tissue imaging; 3) The nanoparticular contrast agents show low safety concerns with a long-term tissue deposition similar to the small molecular probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH) of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Huiming Ren
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH) of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Chengbin He
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH) of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Hongjie Hu
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH) of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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Nhàn NTT, Yamada T, Yamada KH. Peptide-Based Agents for Cancer Treatment: Current Applications and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12931. [PMID: 37629112 PMCID: PMC10454368 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based strategies have received an enormous amount of attention because of their specificity and applicability. Their specificity and tumor-targeting ability are applied to diagnosis and treatment for cancer patients. In this review, we will summarize recent advancements and future perspectives on peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. The literature search was conducted to identify relevant articles for peptide-based strategies for cancer treatment. It was performed using PubMed for articles in English until June 2023. Information on clinical trials was also obtained from ClinicalTrial.gov. Given that peptide-based strategies have several advantages such as targeted delivery to the diseased area, personalized designs, relatively small sizes, and simple production process, bioactive peptides having anti-cancer activities (anti-cancer peptides or ACPs) have been tested in pre-clinical settings and clinical trials. The capability of peptides for tumor targeting is essentially useful for peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), diagnosis, and image-guided surgery. Immunomodulation with peptide vaccines has been extensively tested in clinical trials. Despite such advantages, FDA-approved peptide agents for solid cancer are still limited. This review will provide a detailed overview of current approaches, design strategies, routes of administration, and new technological advancements. We will highlight the success and limitations of peptide-based therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyễn Thị Thanh Nhàn
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Tohru Yamada
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Richard & Loan Hill Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois College of Engineering, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kaori H. Yamada
- Department of Pharmacology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Lanfranco A, Alberti D, Parisotto S, Renzi P, Lecomte V, Geninatti Crich S, Deagostino A. Biotinylation of a MRI/Gd BNCT theranostic agent to access a novel tumour-targeted delivery system. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5342-5354. [PMID: 35748589 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00764a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new biotin based BNCT (Boron Neutron Capture Therapy)-MRI theranostic is here reported (Gd-AL01) in order to exploit the high tumour specificity of biotin and the selectivity of BNCT in a synergistic manner. The key is the preparation of an intermediate where an o-carborane is linked to two amino groups orthogonally protected via the exploitation of two consecutive Mitsunobu reactions. The aim is its functionalisation in two different steps with biotin as the biological vector and Gd-DOTA as the MRI probe and GdNCT agent. Cell uptake was evaluated on HeLa tumour cells overexpressing biotin receptors. The internalised boron is proportional to the concentration of the theranostic agent incubated in the presence of cells. A maximum value of 77 ppm is reached and a well detectable signal intensity increase in the T1 weighted image of HeLa cells was observed, differently from clinically used GdHPDO3A, where no contrast is detected. These excellent results indicate that Gd-AL01 can be applied as a theranostic probe in BNCT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Lanfranco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Diego Alberti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Parisotto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Polyssena Renzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valentin Lecomte
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Annamaria Deagostino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
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Application of Dendrimers in Anticancer Diagnostics and Therapy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103237. [PMID: 35630713 PMCID: PMC9144149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The application of dendrimeric constructs in medical diagnostics and therapeutics is increasing. Dendrimers have attracted attention due to their compact, spherical three-dimensional structures with surfaces that can be modified by the attachment of various drugs, hydrophilic or hydrophobic groups, or reporter molecules. In the literature, many modified dendrimer systems with various applications have been reported, including drug and gene delivery systems, biosensors, bioimaging contrast agents, tissue engineering, and therapeutic agents. Dendrimers are used for the delivery of macromolecules, miRNAs, siRNAs, and many other various biomedical applications, and they are ideal carriers for bioactive molecules. In addition, the conjugation of dendrimers with antibodies, proteins, and peptides allows for the design of vaccines with highly specific and predictable properties, and the role of dendrimers as carrier systems for vaccine antigens is increasing. In this work, we will focus on a review of the use of dendrimers in cancer diagnostics and therapy. Dendrimer-based nanosystems for drug delivery are commonly based on polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM) that can be modified with drugs and contrast agents. Moreover, dendrimers can be successfully used as conjugates that deliver several substances simultaneously. The potential to develop dendrimers with multifunctional abilities has served as an impetus for the design of new molecular platforms for medical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Abstract
Molecular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging utilizes molecular probes to provide added biochemical or cellular information to what can already be achieved with anatomical and functional MR imaging. This review provides an overview of molecular MR and focuses specifically on molecular MR contrast agents that provide contrast by shortening the T1 time. We describe the requirements for a successful molecular MR contrast agent and the challenges for clinical translation. The review highlights work from the last 5 years and places an emphasis on new contrast agents that have been validated in multiple preclinical models. Applications of molecular MR include imaging of inflammation, fibrosis, fibrogenesis, thromboembolic disease, and cancers. Molecular MR is positioned to move beyond detection of disease to the quantitative staging of disease and measurement of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Caravan
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Rajabi M, Adeyeye M, Mousa SA. Peptide-Conjugated Nanoparticles as Targeted Anti-angiogenesis Therapeutic and Diagnostic in Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5664-5683. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190620100800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:Targeting angiogenesis in the microenvironment of a tumor can enable suppression of tumor angiogenesis and delivery of anticancer drugs into the tumor. Anti-angiogenesis targeted delivery systems utilizing passive targeting such as Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) and specific receptor-mediated targeting (active targeting) should result in tumor-specific targeting. One targeted anti-angiogenesis approach uses peptides conjugated to nanoparticles, which can be loaded with anticancer agents. Anti-angiogenesis agents can suppress tumor angiogenesis and thereby affect tumor growth progression (tumor growth arrest), which may be further reduced with the targetdelivered anticancer agent. This review provides an update of tumor vascular targeting for therapeutic and diagnostic applications, with conventional or long-circulating nanoparticles decorated with peptides that target neovascularization (anti-angiogenesis) in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
| | - Mary Adeyeye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States
| | - Shaker A. Mousa
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY 12144, United States
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Mukherjee S, Sonanini D, Maurer A, Daldrup-Link HE. The yin and yang of imaging tumor associated macrophages with PET and MRI. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:7730-7748. [PMID: 31695797 PMCID: PMC6831464 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAM) are key players in the cancer microenvironment. Molecular imaging modalities such as MRI and PET can be used to track and monitor TAM dynamics in tumors non-invasively, based on specific uptake and quantification of MRI-detectable nanoparticles or PET-detectable radiotracers. Particular molecular signatures can be leveraged to target anti-inflammatory TAM, which support tumor growth, and pro-inflammatory TAM, which suppress tumor growth. In addition, TAM-directed imaging probes can be designed to include immune modulating properties, thereby leading to combined diagnostic and therapeutic (theranostic) effects. In this review, we will discuss the complementary role of TAM-directed radiotracers and iron oxide nanoparticles for monitoring cancer immunotherapies with PET and MRI technologies. In addition, we will outline how TAM-directed imaging and therapy is interdependent and can be connected towards improved clinical outcomes
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Désogère P, Montesi SB, Caravan P. Molecular Probes for Imaging Fibrosis and Fibrogenesis. Chemistry 2019; 25:1128-1141. [PMID: 30014529 PMCID: PMC6542638 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis, or the accumulation of extracellular matrix molecules that make up scar tissue, is a common result of chronic tissue injury. Advances in the clinical management of fibrotic diseases have been hampered by the low sensitivity and specificity of noninvasive early diagnostic options, lack of surrogate end points for use in clinical trials, and a paucity of noninvasive tools to assess fibrotic disease activity longitudinally. Hence, the development of new methods to image fibrosis and fibrogenesis is a large unmet clinical need. Herein, an overview of recent and selected molecular probes for imaging of fibrosis and fibrogenesis by magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Désogère
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02128, USA
| | - Sydney B Montesi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- The Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02128, USA
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Pagoto A, Tripepi M, Stefania R, Lanzardo S, Livio Longo D, Garello F, Porpiglia F, Manfredi M, Aime S, Terreno E. An efficient MRI agent targeting extracellular markers in prostate adenocarcinoma. Magn Reson Med 2018; 81:1935-1946. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amerigo Pagoto
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Martina Tripepi
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Rachele Stefania
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Stefania Lanzardo
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Francesca Garello
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
| | - Francesco Porpiglia
- Division of Urology University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Matteo Manfredi
- Division of Urology University of Torino, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital Orbassano, Torino Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
- IBB‐CNR Sede Secondaria c/o MBC Torino Italy
| | - Enzo Terreno
- Molecular and Preclinical Imaging Centers, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences University of Torino Torino Italy
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Cao Y, Zu G, Kuang Y, He Y, Mao Z, Liu M, Xiong D, Pei R. Biodegradable Nanoglobular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent Constructed with Host-Guest Self-Assembly for Tumor-Targeted Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26906-26916. [PMID: 30028584 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) have attracted increasing interest in tumor diagnosis. However, their practical application is potentially limited because the long-term retention of gadolinium ion in vivo will induce toxicity. Here, a nanoglobular MRI contrast agent (CA) PAMAM-PG- g-s-s-DOTA(Gd) + FA was designed and synthesized on the basis of the facile host-guest interaction between β-cyclodextrin and adamantane, which initiated the self-assembly of poly(glycerol) (PG) separately conjugated with gadolinium chelates by disulfide bonds and folic acid (FA) molecule onto the surface of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer, finally realizing the biodegradability and targeting specificity. The nanoglobular CA has a higher longitudinal relaxivity ( r1) than commercial gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA), showing a value of 8.39 mM-1 s-1 at 0.5 T, and presents favorable biocompatibility on the observations of cytotoxicity and tissue toxicity. Furthermore, MRI on cells and tumor-bearing mice both demonstrate the obvious targeting specificity, on the basis of which the effective contrast enhancement at tumor location was obtained. In addition, this CA exhibits the ability of cleavage to form free small-molecule gadolinium chelates and can realize minimal gadolinium retention in main organs and tissues after tumor detection. These results suggest that the biodegradable nanoglobular PAMAM-PG- g-s-s-DOTA(Gd) + FA can be a safe and efficient MRI CA for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Guangyue Zu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Ye Kuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yilin He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zheng Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Min Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Dangsheng Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Science and Technology , Nanjing 210094 , China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine , Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123 , China
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Avitabile E, Bedognetti D, Ciofani G, Bianco A, Delogu LG. How can nanotechnology help the fight against breast cancer? NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11719-11731. [PMID: 29917035 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02796j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review we provide a broad overview on the use of nanotechnology for the fight against breast cancer (BC). Nowadays, detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention may be possible thanks to the application of nanotechnology to clinical practice. Taking into consideration the different forms of BC and the disease status, nanomaterials can be designed to meet the most forefront objectives of modern therapy and diagnosis. We have analyzed in detail three main groups of nanomaterial applications for BC treatment and diagnosis. We have identified several types of drugs successfully conjugated with nanomaterials. We have analyzed the main important imaging techniques and all nanomaterials used to help the non-invasive, early detection of the lesions. Moreover, we have examined theranostic nanomaterials as unique tools, combining imaging, detection, and therapy for BC. This state of the art review provides a useful guide depicting how nanotechnology can be used to overcome the current barriers in BC clinical practice, and how it will shape the future scenario of treatments, prevention, and diagnosis, revolutionizing the current approaches, e.g., reducing the suffering related to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Avitabile
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Lai WF, Rogach AL, Wong WT. Chemistry and engineering of cyclodextrins for molecular imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:6379-6419. [PMID: 28930330 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00040e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are naturally occurring cyclic oligosaccharides bearing a basket-shaped topology with an "inner-outer" amphiphilic character. The abundance of hydroxyl groups enables CDs to be functionalized with multiple targeting ligands and imaging elements. The imaging time, and the payload of different imaging elements, can be tuned by taking advantage of the commercial availability of CDs with different sizes of the cavity. This review aims to offer an outlook of the chemistry and engineering of CDs for the development of molecular probes. Complexation thermodynamics of CDs, and the corresponding implications for probe design, are also presented with examples demonstrating the structural and physiochemical roles played by CDs in the full ambit of molecular imaging. We hope that this review not only offers a synopsis of the current development of CD-based molecular probes, but can also facilitate translation of the incremental advancements from the laboratory to real biomedical applications by illuminating opportunities and challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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15
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Raavé R, van Kuppevelt TH, Daamen WF. Chemotherapeutic drug delivery by tumoral extracellular matrix targeting. J Control Release 2018; 274:1-8. [PMID: 29382546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Systemic chemotherapy is a primary strategy in the treatment of cancer, but comes with a number of limitations such as toxicity and unfavorable biodistribution. To overcome these issues, numerous targeting systems for specific delivery of chemotherapeutics to tumor cells have been designed and evaluated. Such strategies generally address subsets of tumor cells, still allowing the progressive growth of tumor cells not expressing the target. Moreover, tumor stem cells and tumor supportive cells, such as cancer associated fibroblasts and cancer associated macrophages, are left unaffected by this approach. In this review, we discuss an alternative targeting strategy aimed at delivery of anti-tumor drugs to the tumoral extracellular matrix with the potential to eliminate all cell types. The extracellular matrix of tumors is vastly different from that of healthy tissue and offers hooks for targeted drug delivery. It is concluded that matrix targeting is promising, but that clinical studies are required to evaluate translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Raavé
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Toin H van Kuppevelt
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Willeke F Daamen
- Radboud university medical center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Kim I, Jin SM, Han EH, Ko E, Ahn M, Bang WY, Bang JK, Lee E. Structure-Dependent Antimicrobial Theranostic Functions of Self-Assembled Short Peptide Nanoagents. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3600-3610. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhye Kim
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Jin
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Immunotherapy
Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhee Ko
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - MiJa Ahn
- Anticancer
Agent Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Young Bang
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Bang
- Department of Bio-analytical Science, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Lee
- Graduate
School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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17
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Lu ZR. Magnetic resonance molecular imaging for non-invasive precision cancer diagnosis. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2017; 3:67-73. [PMID: 30272041 PMCID: PMC6158012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive clinical imaging modality for high-resolution imaging of soft tissues. Magnetic resonance molecular imaging (MRMI) has the potential to provide high-resolution delineation of cancer for precision medicine. However, its clinical application is hampered by the low sensitivity of contrast enhanced MRI and the lack of safe and effective targeted MRI contrast agents. Significant progress has recently been made in the design and development of novel clinically translatable targeted MRI contrast agents for MRMI of cancer. The challenges and strategies for designing the safe and effective targeted MRI contrast agents are discussed here. Some of the recent progresses in MRMI are also highlighted. These progresses provide a new paradiagm for the design and development of safe and effective MRI contrast agents for clinical translation and pave the pave for clinical application of MRMI in precision management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Rong Lu
- Case Center for Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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18
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:24-48. [PMID: 27497513 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. It is different from normal tissue in the extracellular matrix, vascular and lymphatic networks, as well as physiologic conditions. Molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment provides a better understanding of its function in cancer biology, and thus allowing for the design of new diagnostics and therapeutics for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. The clinical translation of cancer molecular imaging is often hampered by the high cost of commercialization of targeted imaging agents as well as the limited clinical applications and small market size of some of the agents. Because many different cancer types share similar tumor microenvironment features, the ability to target these biomarkers has the potential to provide clinically translatable molecular imaging technologies for a spectrum of cancers and broad clinical applications. There has been significant progress in targeting the tumor microenvironment for cancer molecular imaging. In this review, we summarize the principles and strategies of recent advances made in molecular imaging of the tumor microenvironment, using various imaging modalities for early detection and diagnosis of cancer.
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19
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Jia Y, Omri A, Krishnan L, McCluskie MJ. Potential applications of nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:63-74. [PMID: 27870598 PMCID: PMC5287329 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1245251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years considerable progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy whereby treatments that modulate the body's own immune system are used to combat cancer. This has the potential to not only elicit strong anti-cancer immune responses which can break pre-existing tolerance and help promote tumor regression, but could also induce immunological memory which may help prevent tumor recurrence. In order to ensure effective delivery of immunotherapeutic agents, such as vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, chemotherapeutic agents and nucleic acids, a safe and effective delivery system is often required. One such approach is the use of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs), such as liposomes, polymers, micelles, dendrimers, inorganic NPs, and hybrid NPs, which have the potential to combine the delivery of a diverse range of therapeutic immunomodulators thereby increasing the efficacy of tumor cell killing. This review focuses on recent progress in NP-mediated immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Jia
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lakshmi Krishnan
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael J. McCluskie
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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20
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Zhang K, Xu H, Jia X, Chen Y, Ma M, Sun L, Chen H. Ultrasound-Triggered Nitric Oxide Release Platform Based on Energy Transformation for Targeted Inhibition of Pancreatic Tumor. ACS NANO 2016; 10:10816-10828. [PMID: 28024356 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b04921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by considerable application potential in various diseases, nitric oxide (NO) has gained increasing attention. Nevertheless, current NO release scaffolds suffer from some inevitable drawbacks, for example, high toxicity for NO donor byproducts, poor specificity, shallow penetration depth, and strong ionizing irradiation for triggers, all of which remain obstacles to clinical application. Herein, an ultrasound-triggered NO on-demand release system is constructed using natural l-arginine as NO donor and local ultrasound as trigger. The focused ultrasound can activate H2O2 to generate more oxygen-contained species (ROS) of stronger oxidation ability than H2O2 for oxidizing LA via the energy transformation from ultrasound mechanical energy to chemical energy, and thus produce more NO for ultimately suppressing the highly aggressive and lethal Panc-1 tumor. Moreover, a blood vessel-intercellular matrix-cell "relay" targeting strategy has been established and relying on it, over 7-fold higher retention of such NO release system in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model of Panc-1 is obtained, which consequently results in a more evident inhibitory effect and a prolonged survival rate (80% ± 5% improvement in 60-day survival).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth people's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
- Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine , 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Huixiong Xu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth people's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
- Ultrasound Research and Education Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine , 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Shanghai Tenth people's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hangrong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of High performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructures, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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21
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Hapuarachchige S, Artemov D. Click Chemistry in the Development of Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:205-213. [PMID: 27748712 PMCID: PMC5082715 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry provides fast, convenient, versatile, and reliable chemical reactions that take place between pairs of functional groups of small molecules that can be purified without chromatographic methods. Due to the fast kinetics and low or no elimination of byproducts, click chemistry is a promising approach that is rapidly gaining acceptance in drug discovery, radiochemistry, bioconjugation, and nanoscience applications. Increasing use of click chemistry in synthetic procedures or as a bioconjugation technique in diagnostic imaging is occurring because click reactions are fast, provide a quantitative yield, and produce a minimal amount of nontoxic byproducts. This review summarizes the recent application of click chemistry in magnetic resonance imaging and discusses the directions for applying novel click reactions and strategies for further improving magnetic resonance imaging performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudath Hapuarachchige
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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22
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Mehta A, Ghaghada K, Mukundan S. Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumors Using Liposomal Contrast Agents and Nanoparticles. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2016; 24:751-763. [PMID: 27742115 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The first generation of cross-sectional brain imaging using computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography, and eventually MR imaging focused on determining structural or anatomic changes associated with brain disorders. The current state-of-the-art imaging, functional imaging, uses techniques such as CT and MR perfusion that allow determination of physiologic parameters in vivo. In parallel, tissue-based genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiling of brain tumors has created several novel and exciting possibilities for molecular targeting of brain tumors. The next generation of imaging translates these molecular in vitro techniques to in vivo, noninvasive, targeted reconstruction of tumors and their microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnav Mehta
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 757 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ketan Ghaghada
- Edward B. Singleton Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Street, Suite 850, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Radiology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Srinivasan Mukundan
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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23
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Zhou Z, Han Z, Lu ZR. A targeted nanoglobular contrast agent from host-guest self-assembly for MR cancer molecular imaging. Biomaterials 2016; 85:168-79. [PMID: 26874280 PMCID: PMC5412079 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The clinical application of nanoparticular Gd(III) based contrast agents for tumor molecular MRI has been hindered by safety concerns associated with prolonged tissue retention, although they can produce strong tumor enhancement. In this study, a targeted well-defined cyclodextrin-based nanoglobular contrast agent was developed through self-assembly driven by host-guest interactions for safe and effective cancer molecular MRI. Multiple β-cyclodextrins attached POSS (polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane) nanoglobule was used as host molecule. Adamantane-modified macrocyclic Gd(III) contrast agent, cRGD (cyclic RGDfK peptide) targeting ligand and fluorescent probe was used as guest molecules. The targeted host-guest nanoglobular contrast agent cRGD-POSS-βCD-(DOTA-Gd) specifically bond to αvβ3 integrin in malignant 4T1 breast tumor and provided greater contrast enhancement than the corresponding non-targeted agent. The agent also provided significant fluorescence signal in tumor tissue. The histological analysis of the tumor tissue confirmed its specific and effective targeting to αvβ3 integrin. The targeted imaging agent has a potential for specific cancer molecular MR and fluorescent imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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24
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Fibronectin-targeted drug delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:101-10. [PMID: 26639577 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fibronectin is an extracellular matrix protein with pivotal physiological and pathological functions in development and adulthood. Alternative splicing of the precursor mRNA, produced from the single copy fibronectin gene, occurs at three sites coding for the EDA, EDB and IIICS domains. Fibronectin isoforms comprising the EDA or EDB domains are known as oncofetal forms due to their developmental importance and their re-expression in tumors, contrasting with restricted presence in normal adult tissues. These isoforms are also recognized as important markers of angiogenesis, a crucial physiological process in development and required by tumor cells in cancer progression. Attributed to this feature, EDA and EDB domains have been extensively used for the targeted delivery of cytokines, cytotoxic agents, chemotherapy drugs and radioisotopes to fibronectin-expressing tumors to exert therapeutic effects on primary cancers and metastatic lesions. In addition to drug delivery, the EDA and EDB domains of fibronectin have also been utilized to develop imaging strategies for tumor tissues. Furthermore, EDA and EDB based vaccines seem to be promising for the treatment and prevention of certain cancer types. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in fibronectin EDA and EDB-based therapeutic strategies developed to treat cancer.
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25
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Strauch H, Engelmann J, Scheffler K, Mayer HA. A simple approach to a new T8-POSS based MRI contrast agent. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15104-15113. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02365g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of a new nanoglobular T8-silsesquioxane based contrast agent for the application in MRI is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Strauch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz-Zentrum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologische Kybernetik
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Hochfeld-Magnetresonanz-Zentrum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologische Kybernetik
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
- Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance
| | - Hermann A. Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
- 72076 Tübingen
- Germany
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26
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Guo C, Sun L, She W, Li N, Jiang L, Luo K, Gong Q, Gu Z. A dendronized heparin–gadolinium polymer self-assembled into a nanoscale system as a potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00059b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An amphiphilic dendronized heparin–gadolinium conjugate self-assembles into a nanoscale system by a combination of the features of the nanoparticle, dendrimer and heparin. The nanoscale system demonstrates great potential as an efficient and safe MRI contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Wenchuan She
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Ning Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Lei Jiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Kui Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
- China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials
- 29 Wangjiang Road
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- China
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27
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Dendrimer-Based Nanodevices as Contrast Agents for MR Imaging Applications. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-48544-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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28
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Zhou Z, Qutaish M, Han Z, Schur RM, Liu Y, Wilson DL, Lu ZR. MRI detection of breast cancer micrometastases with a fibronectin-targeting contrast agent. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7984. [PMID: 26264658 PMCID: PMC4557274 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of death in breast cancer patients. Early detection of high-risk breast cancer, including micrometastasis, is critical in tailoring appropriate and effective interventional therapies. Increased fibronectin expression, a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, is associated with high-risk breast cancer and metastasis. We have previously developed a penta-peptide CREKA (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala)-targeted gadolinium-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 (Gd-DOTA (4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecyl gadolinium), which binds to fibrin-fibronectin complexes that are abundant in the tumour microenvironment of fast-growing breast cancer. Here we assess the capability of CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 to detect micrometastasis with MRI in co-registration with high-resolution fluorescence cryo-imaging in female mice bearing metastatic 4T1 breast tumours. We find that CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 provides robust contrast enhancement in the metastatic tumours and enables the detection of micrometastases of size <0.5 mm, extending the detection limit of the current clinical imaging modalities. These results demonstrate that molecular MRI with CREKA-Tris(Gd-DOTA)3 may facilitate early detection of high-risk breast cancer and micrometastasis in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Center for Bionanoengineering and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Mohammed Qutaish
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Zheng Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Schur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Yiqiao Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - David L. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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29
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Arseneault M, Wafer C, Morin JF. Recent advances in click chemistry applied to dendrimer synthesis. Molecules 2015; 20:9263-94. [PMID: 26007183 PMCID: PMC6272213 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20059263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers are monodisperse polymers grown in a fractal manner from a central point. They are poised to become the cornerstone of nanoscale devices in several fields, ranging from biomedicine to light-harvesting. Technical difficulties in obtaining these molecules has slowed their transfer from academia to industry. In 2001, the arrival of the "click chemistry" concept gave the field a major boost. The flagship reaction, a modified Hüisgen cycloaddition, allowed researchers greater freedom in designing and building dendrimers. In the last five years, advances in click chemistry saw a wider use of other click reactions and a notable increase in the complexity of the reported structures. This review covers key developments in the click chemistry field applied to dendrimer synthesis from 2010 to 2015. Even though this is an expert review, basic notions and references have been included to help newcomers to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Arseneault
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Caroline Wafer
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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30
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Recent advances in molecular magnetic resonance imaging of liver fibrosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:595467. [PMID: 25874221 PMCID: PMC4385649 DOI: 10.1155/2015/595467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a life-threatening disease with high morbidity and mortality owing to its diverse causes. Liver biopsy, as the current gold standard for diagnosing and staging liver fibrosis, has a number of limitations, including sample variability, relatively high cost, an invasive nature, and the potential of complications. Most importantly, in clinical practice, patients often reject additional liver biopsies after initiating treatment despite their being necessary for long-term follow-up. To resolve these problems, a number of different noninvasive imaging-based methods have been developed for accurate diagnosis of liver fibrosis. However, these techniques only reflect morphological or perfusion-related alterations in the liver, and thus they are generally only useful for the diagnosis of late-stage liver fibrosis (liver cirrhosis), which is already characterized by "irreversible" anatomic and hemodynamic changes. Thus, it is essential that new approaches are developed for accurately diagnosing early-stage liver fibrosis as at this stage the disease may be "reversed" by active treatment. The development of molecular MR imaging technology has potential in this regard, as it facilitates noninvasive, target-specific imaging of liver fibrosis. We provide an overview of recent advances in molecular MR imaging for the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis and we compare novel technologies with conventional MR imaging techniques.
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31
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Kanapathipillai M, Brock A, Ingber DE. Nanoparticle targeting of anti-cancer drugs that alter intracellular signaling or influence the tumor microenvironment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 79-80:107-18. [PMID: 24819216 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based therapeutics are poised to become a leading delivery strategy for cancer treatment because they potentially offer higher selectivity, reduced toxicity, longer clearance times, and increased efficacy compared to conventional systemic therapeutic approaches. This article reviews existing nanoparticle technologies and methods that are used to target drugs to treat cancer by altering signal transduction or modulating the tumor microenvironment. We also consider the implications of recent advances in the nanotherapeutics field for the future of cancer therapy.
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Ma X, Gong A, Chen B, Zheng J, Chen T, Shen Z, Wu A. Exploring a new SPION-based MRI contrast agent with excellent water-dispersibility, high specificity to cancer cells and strong MR imaging efficacy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 126:44-9. [PMID: 25543982 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Advances in contrast agents have greatly enhanced the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for early diagnosis of cancer. However, the commercial superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)-based contrast agents synthesized by co-precipitation method are not monodisperse with irregular morphologies and ununiform sizes. Other reported SPION-based contrast agents synthesized by solvothermal method or thermal decomposition method are limited by the bad water-dispersibility and low specificity to cancer cells. Herein, we propose a new strategy for exploring SPION-based MRI contrast agents with excellent water-dispersibility and high specificity to cancer cells. The SPION was synthesized by a polyol method and then entrapped into albumin nanospheres (AN). After that, a ligand folic acid (FA) was conjugated onto the surface of the AN to construct a SPION-AN-FA composite. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) results indicate that the SPION-AN-FA has a spherical shape, a uniform size and an excellent water-dispersibility (polydispersity index (PDI) <0.05). The results of laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) and flow cytometry demonstrate that the SPION-AN-FA nanoparticles are highly specific to MCF-7 and SPC-A-1 cells due to the recognition of ligand FA and folate receptor α (FRα). The r2/r1 value of SPION-AN-FA is around 40, which is much higher than that of Resovist(®) indicating that our SPION-AN-FA has a stronger T2 shortening effect. The T2-weighted images of MCF-7 cells incubated with SPION-AN-FA are significantly darker than those of MCF-7 cells incubated with AN, indicating that our SPION-AN-FA has a strong MR imaging efficacy. In view of the excellent water-dispersibility, the high specificity to cancer cells and the strong MR imaging efficacy, our SPION-AN-FA can be used as a negative MR contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - An Gong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Jianjun Zheng
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315010, China
| | - Tianxiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Zheyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices & Division of Functional Materials and Nano Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China.
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Dendritic nanoglobules with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core and their biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:2387-401. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrimers have been recognized as promising materials for biomedical applications due to their unique properties, such as well-defined unimolecular structures, precise molecular weights and high degrees of branching and surface functionality. The dendrimers with a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane core – nanoglobules – have many advantageous features over traditional dendrimers, including more functional groups at the same generation of dendrimers, well-defined 3D structures and relatively compact morphologies. Various nanoglobules of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-core dendrimers have been synthesized and investigated for biomedical applications. Nanoglobules have been used as carriers for developing drug-delivery systems, gene-delivery systems and imaging contrast agents with precisely defined structures and sizes. This article summarizes the recent developments in nanoglobules for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Wu X, Yu G, Lindner D, Brady-Kalnay SM, Zhang Q, Lu ZR. Peptide targeted high-resolution molecular imaging of prostate cancer with MRI. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2014; 4:525-536. [PMID: 25250202 PMCID: PMC4171839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive accurate detection of prostate cancer is critical for clinical management of the disease. Molecular MRI has a potential for accurate detection of prostate cancer with high spatial resolution. Fibronectin is a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition occurred in aggressive prostate cancer and highly expressed in malignant tumors. A pentapeptide CREKA targeted contrast agent CREKA-dL-(DOTA-Gd)4 was synthesized and evaluated to target fibrin-fibronectin complexes in tumor extracellular matrix for molecular MRI of prostate cancer. The contrast agent was synthesized by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The T1 relaxivity of CREKA-(DOTA-Gd)4 at 1.5 T was 33.2 mM(-1)s(-1) per molecule (8.3 per Gd). The fluorescence imaging showed that CREKA specifically bound to orthotopic PC3 prostate tumor in athymic nude mice. Strong enhancement was observed in the tumor tissue injected with CREKA-(DOTA-Gd)4 in the first 5 minutes post-injection before MR signal became visible in the bladder at a low dose of 0.03 mmol-Gd/kg. The targeted contrast agent exhibited minimal Gd retention in the main organs and tissues 2 days after injection. The peptide targeted contrast agent CREKA-(DOTA-Gd)4 is promising for high-resolution molecular MRI of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Guanping Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daniel Lindner
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Cleveland ClinicCleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Susann M Brady-Kalnay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, Hainan UniversityHaikou, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Zhang B, Shen S, Liao Z, Shi W, Wang Y, Zhao J, Hu Y, Yang J, Chen J, Mei H, Hu Y, Pang Z, Jiang X. Targeting fibronectins of glioma extracellular matrix by CLT1 peptide-conjugated nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2014; 35:4088-98. [PMID: 24513320 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) in the glioma microenvironment play a critical role in the maintenance of glioma morphology, glioma cells differentiation and proliferation, but little has been done to understand the feasibility of ECM as the therapeutic target for glioma therapy. In this study, a drug delivery system targeting fibronectins (FNs), a prevailing component in the ECM of many solid tumors, was constructed for glioma therapy based on the interaction between the abundant FNs in glioma tissues and the FNs-targeting moiety CLT1 peptide. CLT1 peptide was successfully conjugated to PEG-PLA nanoparticles (CNP). FNs were demonstrated to be highly expressed in the ECM of glioma spheroids in vitro and glioma tissues in vivo. CLT1 modification favored targeting nanoparticles penetration into the core of glioma spheroids and consequently induced more severe inhibitive effects on glioma spheroids growth than traditional NP. In vivo imaging, ex vivo imaging and glioma tissue slides showed that CNP enhanced nanoparticles retention in glioma site, distributed more extensively and more deeply into glioma tissues than that of conventional NP, and mainly located in glioma cells rather than in extracellular matrix as conventional NP. Pharmacodynamics outcomes revealed that the median survival time of glioma-bearing mice models treated with paclitaxel-loaded CNP (CNP-PTX) was significantly prolonged when compared with that of any other group. TUNEL assay demonstrated that more extensive cell apoptosis was induced by CNP-PTX treatment compared with other treatments. Altogether, these promising results indicated that this ECM-targeting drug delivery system enhanced retention and glioma cell uptake of nanoparticles and might have a great potential for glioma therapy in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Shun Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Ziwei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Shi
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Jiarong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Heng Mei
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China
| | - Yu Hu
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, PR China.
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - Xinguo Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China
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Wu X, Yu G, Luo C, Maeda A, Zhang N, Sun D, Zhou Z, Puntel A, Palczewski K, Lu ZR. Synthesis and evaluation of a nanoglobular dendrimer 5-aminosalicylic Acid conjugate with a hydrolyzable schiff base spacer for treating retinal degeneration. ACS NANO 2014; 8:153-61. [PMID: 24350906 PMCID: PMC4060971 DOI: 10.1021/nn4054107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible dendrimers with well-defined nanosizes are increasingly being used as carriers for drug delivery. 5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an FDA-approved therapeutic agent recently found effective in treating retinal degeneration of animal models. Here, a water-soluble dendrimer conjugate of 5-ASA (AGFB-ASA) was designed to treat such retinal degeneration. The drug was conjugated to a generation 2 (G2) lysine dendrimer with a silsesquioxane core (nanoglobule) by using a hydrolyzable Schiff base spacer. Incubation of nanoglobular G2 dendrimer conjugates containing a 4-formylbenzoate (FB) Schiff base spacer in pH 7.4 phosphate buffers at 37 °C gradually released 5-ASA. Drug release from the dendrimer conjugate was significantly slower than from the low molecular weight free Schiff base of 5-ASA (FB-ASA). 5-ASA release from the dendrimer conjugate was dependent on steric hindrance around the spacer. After intraperitoneal injection, the nanoglobular 5-ASA conjugate provided more effective 7-day protection against light-induced retinal degeneration at a reduced dose than free 5-ASA in Abca4(-/-)Rdh8(-/-) mice. The dendrimer 5-ASA conjugate with a degradable spacer could be a good candidate for controlled delivery of 5-ASA to the eye for treatment of retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Guanping Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Chengcai Luo
- Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Akiko Maeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Da Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony Puntel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Krzysztof Palczewski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zheng-Rong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Yang CT, Chandrasekharan P, He T, Poh Z, Raju A, Chuang KH, Robins EG. An intravascular MRI contrast agent based on Gd(DO3A-Lys) for tumor angiography. Biomaterials 2013; 35:327-36. [PMID: 24138829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
An intravascular MRI contrast agent Gd(DO3A-Lys), Gadolinium(III) (2,2',2″-(10-(3-(5-benzamido-6-methoxy-6-oxohexylamino)-3-oxopropyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetate), has been studied for tumor angiography based on its high relaxivity and long blood half-life. The preparation procedures of the contrast agent have been modified in order to achieve higher yield and improve the synthetic reproducibility. High relaxivity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) has been confirmed by measurements at 3 T, 7 T and 9.4 T magnetic fields. The relaxivity-dependent albumin binding study indicated that Gd(DO3A-Lys) partially bound to albumin protein. In vitro cell viability in HK2 cell indicated low cytotoxicity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) up to 1.2 mM [Gd] concentration. In vivo toxicity studies demonstrated no toxicity of Gd(DO3A-Lys) on kidney tissues up to 0.2 mM [Gd]. While the toxicity on liver tissue was not observed at low dosage (1.0 mM [Gd]), Gd(DO3A-Lys) cause certain damage on hepatic tissue at high dosage (2.0 mM [Gd]). The DO3A-Lys has been labeled with (68)Ga radioisotope for biodistribution studies. (68)Ga(DO3A-Lys) has high uptake in both HT1080 and U87MG xenograft tumors, and has high accumulation in blood. Contrast-enhanced MR angiography (CE-MRA) in mice bearing U87MG xenograft tumor demonstrated that Gd(DO3A-Lys) could enhance vascular microenvironment around the tumor, and displays promising characteristics of an MRI contrast agent for tumor angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Tong Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02 Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore.
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Narunsky L, Oren R, Bochner F, Neeman M. Imaging aspects of the tumor stroma with therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 141:192-208. [PMID: 24134903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on extensive support from the stroma in order to survive, proliferate and invade. The tumor stroma is thus an important potential target for anti-cancer therapy. Typical changes in the stroma include a shift from the quiescence promoting-antiangiogenic extracellular matrix to a provisional matrix that promotes invasion and angiogenesis. These changes in the extracellular matrix are induced by changes in the secretion of extracellular matrix proteins and glucose amino glycans, extravasation of plasma proteins from hyperpermeable vessels and release of matrix modifying enzymes resulting in cleavage and cross-linking of matrix macromolecules. These in turn alter the rigidity of the matrix and the exposure and release of cytokines. Changes in matrix rigidity and vessel permeability affect drug delivery and mediate resistance to cytotoxic therapy. These stroma changes are brought about not only by the cancer cells, but also through the action of many cell types that are recruited by tumors including immune cells, fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Within the tumor, these normal host cells are activated resulting in loss of inhibitory and induction of cancer promoting activities. Key to the development of stroma-targeted therapies, selective biomarkers were developed for specific imaging of key aspects of the tumor stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Narunsky
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Roni Oren
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Filip Bochner
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Zhou Z, Wu X, Kresak A, Griswold M, Lu ZR. Peptide targeted tripod macrocyclic Gd(III) chelates for cancer molecular MRI. Biomaterials 2013; 34:7683-93. [PMID: 23863450 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rational design and develop of targeted contrast agents binding to cancer-related proteins will achieve more accurate cancer diagnosis and prognosis by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. CREKA is a tumor-homing pentapeptide (Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala) specifically homes to fibrin-fibronectin complexes abundantly expressed in tumor microenvironment. In this study, we developed and evaluated a CREKA peptide targeted multiplexed Gd-MR probe (CREKA-Tris-Gd(DOTA)3) for MR imaging of breast tumors. CREKA and azide bearing Gd(III) was attached to a maleimide-functional trialkyne scaffold via thiol-maleimide and azide-alkyne click chemistry, respectively. CREKA-Tris-Gd(DOTA)3 has a well-defined structure with a molecular weight of 2914 Da. The T1 relaxivity of CREKA-Tris-Gd(DOTA)3 is 8.06 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd (24.18 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule) at room temperature and 3 T. Fluorescence imaging showed high binding specificity of CREKA to a 4T1 breast tumor model in mice while it was not found for the scrambled CREKA (CERAK). The CREKA peptide-targeted contrast agent resulted in greater contrast enhancement than the corresponding CERAK agent and the commercialized contrast agent ProHance(®) in tumor at a dose of 0.1 mmol Gd/kg in female athymic mice bearing 4T1 breast carcinoma xenograft. This small molecular contrast agent was easily excreted from body after imaging indicated low toxicity. The targeted MRI contrast agent has a potential for specific cancer molecular imaging with MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Molecular MRI of liver fibrosis by a peptide-targeted contrast agent in an experimental mouse model. Invest Radiol 2013. [PMID: 23192162 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3182749c0b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cyclic decapeptide CGLIIQKNEC (CLT1) has been demonstrated to target fibronectin-fibrin complexes in the extracellular matrix of different tumors and tissue lesions. Although liver fibrosis is characterized by an increased amount of extracellular matrix consisting of fibril-forming collagens and matrix glycoconjugates such as fibronectin, we aimed to investigate the feasibility of detecting and characterizing liver fibrosis using CLT1 peptide-targeted nanoglobular contrast agent (Gd-P) with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in an experimental mouse model of liver fibrosis at 7 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gd-P, control peptide KAREC conjugated nanoglobular contrast agent (Gd-CP), and control nontargeting nanoglobular contrast agent (Gd-C) were synthesized. Male adult C57BL/6N mice (22-25 g; N = 54) were prepared and were divided into fibrosis (n = 36) and normal (n = 18) groups. Liver fibrosis was induced in the fibrosis group through subcutaneous injection of 1:3 mixture of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in olive oil at a dose of 4 μL/g of body weight twice a week for 8 weeks. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI was performed in all animals. Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was analyzed to yield postinjection ΔR(1)(t) maps for quantitative measurements. Histological analysis was also performed. RESULTS Differential enhancements were observed and characterized between the normal and fibrotic livers using Gd-P at 0.03 mmol/kg, when compared with nontargeted controls (Gd-CP and Gd-C). For Gd-P injection, both the peak and steady-state ΔR(1) of the normal livers were significantly lower than those after 4 and 8 weeks of CCl(4) dosing. Liver fibrogenesis with increased amount of fibronectin in the extracellular space in insulted livers were confirmed by histological observations. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with CLT1 peptide-targeted nanoglobular contrast agent can detect and stage liver fibrosis by probing the accumulation of fibronectin in fibrotic livers.
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Application of nanoparticles on diagnosis and therapy in gliomas. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:351031. [PMID: 23691498 PMCID: PMC3652126 DOI: 10.1155/2013/351031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most deadly diseases that affect humans, and it is characterized by high resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its median survival is only fourteen months, and this dramatic prognosis has stilled without changes during the last two decades; consequently GBM remains as an unsolved clinical problem. Therefore, alternative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are needed for gliomas. Nanoparticles represent an innovative tool in research and therapies in GBM due to their capacity of self-assembly, small size, increased stability, biocompatibility, tumor-specific targeting using antibodies or ligands, encapsulation and delivery of antineoplastic drugs, and increasing the contact surface between cells and nanomaterials. The active targeting of nanoparticles through conjugation with cell surface markers could enhance the efficacy of nanoparticles for delivering several agents into the tumoral area while significantly reducing toxicity in living systems. Nanoparticles can exploit some biological pathways to achieve specific delivery to cellular and intracellular targets, including transport across the blood-brain barrier, which many anticancer drugs cannot bypass. This review addresses the advancements of nanoparticles in drug delivery, imaging, diagnosis, and therapy in gliomas. The mechanisms of action, potential effects, and therapeutic results of these systems and their future applications in GBM are discussed.
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Tan M, Ye Z, Lindner D, Brady-Kalnay SM, Lu ZR. Synthesis and evaluation of a targeted nanoglobular dual-modal imaging agent for MR imaging and image-guided surgery of prostate cancer. Pharm Res 2013; 31:1469-76. [PMID: 23471641 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-013-1008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To synthesize and evaluate a peptide targeted nanoglobular dual modal imaging agent specific to a cancer biomarker in tumor stroma for MRI and fluorescence visualization of prostate tumor in image-guided surgery. METHODS A peptide (CGLIIQKNEC, CLT1) targeted generation 2 nanoglobular (polylysine dendrimer with a silsesquioxane core) dual modal imaging agent, CLT1-G2-(Gd-DOTA-MA)-Cy5, was synthesized by stepwise conjugation of Gd-DOTA-MA, Cy5 and peptide to the dendrimer. Contrast enhanced MR imaging of the targeted dual imaging agent was evaluated on a Bruker 7T animal scanner with male athymic nude mice bearing orthotopic PC3-GFP prostate tumor. Fluorescence tumor imaging of the agent was carried out on a Maestro fluorescence imaging system. RESULTS The targeted agent CLT1-G2-(Gd-DOTA-MA)-Cy5 produced greater contrast enhancement in the tumor tissue than the control agent KAREC-G2-(Gd-DOTA-MA)-Cy5 at a dose of 30 μmol-Gd/kg in the MR images of the tumor bearing mice. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of CLT1-G2-(Gd-DOTA-MA)-Cy5 in the tumor tissue was approximately 2 fold of that of the control agent in the first 15 min post-injection. The targeted agent also resulted in bright fluorescence signals in the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION The CLT1 peptide targeted nanoglobular dual-imaging agent CLT1-G2-(Gd-DOTA-MA)-Cy5 has a potential for MRI and fluorescence visualization of prostate tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Wickenden Building, Room 427, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106-7207, USA
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Fibrin deposition has been indicated within the stroma of a majority of solid tumors. Here we assess the feasibility of using the established fibrin-specific probe EP-2104R for noninvasive imaging of fibrin in the context of breast cancer. METHODS EP-2104R, untargeted gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA), and a newly synthesized nonfibrin binding control linear peptide (CLP) were compared using steady-state and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in a breast cancer xenograft mouse model at 9.4 T. RESULTS EP-2104R transiently enhanced both tumor core and tumor periphery, but only the enhancement in the tumor periphery persisted even 90 minutes after EP-2104R administration. However, untargeted Gd-DTPA and CLP are not retained in the tumor periphery. The half-life of EP-2104R in the tumor periphery (103 ± 18 minutes) is significantly longer (P < 0.05) than that of either Gd-DTPA (29.6 ± 2.4 minutes) or CLP (42.4 ± 1.5 minutes), but the rate of clearance is similar for all the 3 probes from the tumor core. The presence of high concentrations of fibrin in the tumor periphery was corroborated using immunohistochemistry with a fibrin-specific antibody. CONCLUSIONS The persistent enhancement observed in the tumor periphery with EP-2104R is likely a result of its fibrin-specific binding rather than its size and demonstrates the feasibility of EP-2104R for molecular imaging of fibrin in tumor stroma.
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Fabritz S, Hörner S, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Bioconjugation on cube-octameric silsesquioxanes. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:2224-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ob26807h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Toppino A, Bova ME, Geninatti Crich S, Alberti D, Diana E, Barge A, Aime S, Venturello P, Deagostino A. A Carborane-Derivative “Click” Reaction under Heterogeneous Conditions for the Synthesis of a Promising Lipophilic MRI/GdBNCT Agent. Chemistry 2012; 19:721-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201201634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Bryson J, Reineke JW, Reineke TM. Macromolecular Imaging Agents Containing Lanthanides: Can Conceptual Promise Lead to Clinical Potential? Macromolecules 2012; 45:8939-8952. [PMID: 23467737 DOI: 10.1021/ma301568u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Macromolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents are increasingly being used to improve the resolution of this noninvasive diagnostic technique. All clinically-approved T1 contrast agents are small molecule chelates of gadolinium [Gd(III)] that affect bound water proton relaxivity. Both the small size and monomeric nature of these agents ultimately limits the image resolution enhancement that can be achieved for both contrast enhancement and pharmacokinetic/biodistribution reasons. The multimeric nature of macromolecules, such as polymers, dendrimers, and noncovalent complexes of small molecule agents with proteins, have been shown to significantly increase the image contrast and resolution due to their large size and ability to incorporate multiple Gd(III) chlelation sites. Also, macromolecular agents are advantageous as they have the ability to be designed to be nontoxic, hydrophilic, easily purified, aggregation-resistant, and have controllable three-dimensional macromolecular structure housing the multiple lanthanide chelation sites. For these reasons, large molecule diagnostics have the ability to significantly increase the relaxivity of water protons within the targeted tissues and thus the image resolution for many diagnostic applications. The FDA approval of a contrast agent that consists of a reversible, non-covalent coupling of a small Gd(III) chelate with serum albumin for blood pool imaging (marketed under the trade names of Vasovist and Ablivar) proved to be one of the first diagnostic agent to capitalize on these benefits from macromolecular association in humans. However, much research and development is necessary to optimize the safety of these unique agents for in vivo use and potential clinical development. To this end, recent work in the field of polymer, dendrimer, and noncovalent complex-based imaging agents are reviewed herein and the future outlook of this field is discussed.
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Zhou Z, Lu ZR. Gadolinium-based contrast agents for magnetic resonance cancer imaging. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 5:1-18. [PMID: 23047730 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a clinical imaging modality effective for anatomical and functional imaging of diseased soft tissues, including solid tumors. MRI contrast agents (CA) have been routinely used for detecting tumor at an early stage. Gadolinium-based CA are the most commonly used CA in clinical MRI. There have been significant efforts to design and develop novel Gd(III) CA with high relaxivity, low toxicity, and specific tumor binding. The relaxivity of the Gd(III) CA can be increased by proper chemical modification. The toxicity of Gd(III) CA can be reduced by increasing the agents' thermodynamic and kinetic stability, as well as optimizing their pharmacokinetic properties. The increasing knowledge in the field of cancer genomics and biology provides an opportunity for designing tumor-specific CA. Various new Gd(III) chelates have been designed and evaluated in animal models for more effective cancer MRI. This review outlines the design and development, physicochemical properties, and in vivo properties of several classes of Gd(III)-based MR CA tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuxian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Vithanarachchi SM, Allen MJ. Strategies for Target-Specific Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 1:12-25. [PMID: 23316452 DOI: 10.2174/2211555211201010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review describes recent research efforts focused on increasing the specificity of contrast agents for proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Contrast agents play an indispensable role in MRI by enhancing the inherent contrast of images; however, the non-specific nature of current clinical contrast agents limits their usefulness. This limitation can be addressed by conjugating contrast agents or contrast-agent-loaded carriers-including polymers, nanoparticles, dendrimers, and liposomes-to molecules that bind to biological sites of interest. An alternative approach to conjugation is synthetically mimicking biological structures with metal complexes that are also contrast agents. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of these two targeting strategies with respect to translation from in vitro to in vivo imaging while focusing on advances from the last ten years.
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Wu X, Burden-Gulley SM, Yu GP, Tan M, Lindner D, Brady-Kalnay SM, Lu ZR. Synthesis and evaluation of a peptide targeted small molecular Gd-DOTA monoamide conjugate for MR molecular imaging of prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem 2012; 23:1548-56. [PMID: 22812444 DOI: 10.1021/bc300009t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumor extracellular matrix has an abundance of cancer related proteins that can be used as biomarkers for cancer molecular imaging. Innovative design and development of safe and effective targeted contrast agents to these biomarkers would allow effective MR cancer molecular imaging with high spatial resolution. In this study, we synthesized a low molecular weight CLT1 peptide targeted Gd(III) chelate CLT1-dL-(Gd-DOTA)(4) specific to clotted plasma proteins in tumor stroma for cancer MR molecular imaging. CLT1-dL-(Gd-DOTA)(4) was synthesized by conjugating four Gd-DOTA monoamide chelates to a CLT1 peptide via generation 1 lysine dendrimer. The T(1) relaxivity of CLT1-dL-(Gd-DOTA)(4) was 40.4 mM(-1) s(-1) per molecule (10.1 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd) at 37 °C and 1.5 T. Fluorescence imaging showed high binding specificity of CLT1 to orthotopic PC3 prostate tumor in mice. The contrast agent resulted in improved tumor contrast enhancement in male athymic nude mice bearing orthotopic PC3 prostate tumor xenograft at a dose of 0.03 mmol Gd/kg. The peptide targeted MRI contrast agent is promising for high-resolution MR molecular imaging of prostate tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueming Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Liu Y, Zhang N. Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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