1
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Tian GL, Hsieh CJ, Taylor M, Lee JY, Riad AA, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis of bitopic ligands based on fallypride and evaluation of their affinity and selectivity towards dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115751. [PMID: 37688938 PMCID: PMC10841072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The difference in the secondary binding site (SBS) between the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and dopamine 3 receptor (D3R) has been used in the design of compounds displaying selectivity for the D3R versus D2R. In the current study, a series of bitopic ligands based on Fallypride were prepared with various secondary binding fragments (SBFs) as a means of improving the selectivity of this benzamide analog for D3R versus D2R. We observed that compounds having a small alkyl group with a heteroatom led to an improvement in D3R versus D2R selectivity. Increasing the steric bulk in the SBF increase the distance between the pyrrolidine N and Asp110, thereby reducing D3R affinity. The best-in-series compound was (2S,4R)-trans-27 which had a modest selectivity for D3R versus D2R and a high potency in the β-arrestin competition assay which provides a measure of the ability of the compound to compete with endogenous dopamine for binding to the D3R. The results of this study identified factors one should consider when designing bitopic ligands based on Fallypride displaying an improved affinity for D3R versus D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Long Tian
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Texas, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aladdin A Riad
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Texas, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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2
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Powers AS, Pham V, Burger WAC, Thompson G, Laloudakis Y, Barnes NW, Sexton PM, Paul SM, Christopoulos A, Thal DM, Felder CC, Valant C, Dror RO. Structural basis of efficacy-driven ligand selectivity at GPCRs. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:805-814. [PMID: 36782010 PMCID: PMC10299909 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
A drug's selectivity for target receptors is essential to its therapeutic utility, but achieving selectivity between similar receptors is challenging. The serendipitous discovery of ligands that stimulate target receptors more strongly than closely related receptors, despite binding with similar affinities, suggests a solution. The molecular mechanism of such 'efficacy-driven selectivity' has remained unclear, however, hindering design of such ligands. Here, using atomic-level simulations, we reveal the structural basis for the efficacy-driven selectivity of a long-studied clinical drug candidate, xanomeline, between closely related muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs). Xanomeline's binding mode is similar across mAChRs in their inactive states but differs between mAChRs in their active states, with divergent effects on active-state stability. We validate this mechanism experimentally and use it to design ligands with altered efficacy-driven selectivity. Our results suggest strategies for the rational design of ligands that achieve efficacy-driven selectivity for many pharmaceutically important G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Powers
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vi Pham
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wessel A C Burger
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Geoff Thompson
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yianni Laloudakis
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Barnes
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Neuromedicines Discovery Center, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Celine Valant
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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3
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Zell L, Bretl A, Temml V, Schuster D. Dopamine Receptor Ligand Selectivity-An In Silico/In Vitro Insight. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1468. [PMID: 37239139 PMCID: PMC10216180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dopamine receptor (DR) subtypes are involved in pathophysiological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), schizophrenia and depression. While many DR-targeting drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), only a very small number are truly selective for one of the DR subtypes. Additionally, most of them show promiscuous activity at related G-protein coupled receptors, thus suffering from diverse side-effect profiles. Multiple studies have shown that combined in silico/in vitro approaches are a valuable contribution to drug discovery processes. They can also be applied to divulge the mechanisms behind ligand selectivity. In this study, novel DR ligands were investigated in vitro to assess binding affinities at different DR subtypes. Thus, nine D2R/D3R-selective ligands (micro- to nanomolar binding affinities, D3R-selective profile) were successfully identified. The most promising ligand exerted nanomolar D3R activity (Ki = 2.3 nM) with 263.7-fold D2R/D3R selectivity. Subsequently, ligand selectivity was rationalized in silico based on ligand interaction with a secondary binding pocket, supporting the selectivity data determined in vitro. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in the further understanding of the structural motifs responsible for DR subtype selectivity, thus benefitting drug development in D2R/D3R-associated pathologies such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.Z.); (A.B.); (V.T.)
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4
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Hsieh CJ, Giannakoulias S, Petersson EJ, Mach RH. Computational Chemistry for the Identification of Lead Compounds for Radiotracer Development. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:317. [PMID: 37259459 PMCID: PMC9964981 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of computer-aided drug design (CADD) for the identification of lead compounds in radiotracer development is steadily increasing. Traditional CADD methods, such as structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening and optimization, have been successfully utilized in many drug discovery programs and are highlighted throughout this review. First, we discuss the use of virtual screening for hit identification at the beginning of drug discovery programs. This is followed by an analysis of how the hits derived from virtual screening can be filtered and culled to highly probable candidates to test in in vitro assays. We then illustrate how CADD can be used to optimize the potency of experimentally validated hit compounds from virtual screening for use in positron emission tomography (PET). Finally, we conclude with a survey of the newest techniques in CADD employing machine learning (ML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sam Giannakoulias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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5
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Kim HY, Lee JY, Hsieh CJ, Taylor M, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Design and Synthesis of Conformationally Flexible Scaffold as Bitopic Ligands for Potent D 3-Selective Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:432. [PMID: 36613875 PMCID: PMC9820167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have confirmed that the binding of D3 receptor antagonists is competitively inhibited by endogenous dopamine despite excellent binding affinity for D3 receptors. This result urges the development of an alternative scaffold that is capable of competing with dopamine for binding to the D3 receptor. Herein, an SAR study was conducted on metoclopramide that incorporated a flexible scaffold for interaction with the secondary binding site of the D3 receptor. The alteration of benzamide substituents and secondary binding fragments with aryl carboxamides resulted in excellent D3 receptor affinities (Ki = 0.8-13.2 nM) with subtype selectivity to the D2 receptor ranging from 22- to 180-fold. The β-arrestin recruitment assay revealed that 21c with 4-(pyridine-4-yl)benzamide can compete well against dopamine with the highest potency (IC50 = 1.3 nM). Computational studies demonstrated that the high potency of 21c and its analogs was the result of interactions with the secondary binding site of the D3 receptor. These compounds also displayed minimal effects for other GPCRs except moderate affinity for 5-HT3 receptors and TSPO. The results of this study revealed that a new class of selective D3 receptor antagonists should be useful in behavioral pharmacology studies and as lead compounds for PET radiotracer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Young Kim
- Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 1012, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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6
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Kim S, Doukmak EJ, Flax RG, Gray DJ, Zirimu VN, de Jong E, Steinhardt RC. Developing Photoaffinity Probes for Dopamine Receptor D 2 to Determine Targets of Parkinson's Disease Drugs. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:3008-3022. [PMID: 36183275 PMCID: PMC9585581 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopaminergic pathways control highly consequential aspects of physiology and behavior. One of the most therapeutically important and best-studied receptors in these pathways is dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2). Unfortunately, DRD2 is challenging to study with traditional molecular biological techniques, and most drugs designed to target DRD2 are ligands for many other receptors. Here, we developed probes able to both covalently bind to DRD2 using photoaffinity labeling and provide a chemical handle for detection or affinity purification. These probes behaved like good DRD2 agonists in traditional biochemical assays and were able to perform in chemical-biological assays of cell and receptor labeling. Rat whole brain labeling and affinity enrichment using the probes permitted proteomic analysis of the probes' interacting proteins. Bioinformatic study of the hits revealed that the probes bound noncanonically targeted proteins in Parkinson's disease network as well as the retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1, GABA receptor, and dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) signaling networks. Follow-up analysis may yield insights into how this pathway relates specifically to Parkinson's disease symptoms or provide new targets for treatments. This work reinforces the notion that the combination of chemical biology and omics-based approaches provides a broad picture of a molecule's "interactome" and may also give insight into the pleiotropy of effects observed for a drug or perhaps indicate new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer
T. Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Emma J. Doukmak
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Raymond G. Flax
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Dylan J. Gray
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Victoria N. Zirimu
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Ebbing de Jong
- SUNY
Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Rachel C. Steinhardt
- Department
of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States,BioInspired
Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States,Department
of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States,
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7
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Identification of Novel Dopamine D2 Receptor Ligands—A Combined In Silico/In Vitro Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144435. [PMID: 35889317 PMCID: PMC9318694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system are an alarming global problem showing an increasing prevalence. Dopamine receptor D2 (D2R) has been shown to be involved in central nervous system diseases. While different D2R-targeting drugs have been approved by the FDA, they all suffer from major drawbacks due to promiscuous receptor activity leading to adverse effects. Increasing the number of potential D2R-targeting drug candidates bears the possibility of discovering molecules with less severe side-effect profiles. In dire need of novel D2R ligands for drug development, combined in silico/in vitro approaches have been shown to be efficient strategies. In this study, in silico pharmacophore models were generated utilizing both ligand- and structure-based approaches. Subsequently, different databases were screened for novel D2R ligands. Selected virtual hits were investigated in vitro, quantifying their binding affinity towards D2R. This workflow successfully identified six novel D2R ligands exerting micro- to nanomolar (most active compound KI = 4.1 nM) activities. Thus, the four pharmacophore models showed prospective true-positive hit rates in between 4.5% and 12%. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in developing novel drug candidates for D2R-associated pathologies.
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8
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Artificial intelligence and machine-learning approaches in structure and ligand-based discovery of drugs affecting central nervous system. Mol Divers 2022; 27:959-985. [PMID: 35819579 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CNS disorders are indications with a very high unmet medical needs, relatively smaller number of available drugs, and a subpar satisfaction level among patients and caregiver. Discovery of CNS drugs is extremely expensive affair with its own unique challenges leading to extremely high attrition rates and low efficiency. With explosion of data in information age, there is hardly any aspect of life that has not been touched by data driven technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Drug discovery is no exception, emergence of big data via genomic, proteomic, biological, and chemical technologies has driven pharmaceutical giants to collaborate with AI oriented companies to revolutionise drug discovery, with the goal of increasing the efficiency of the process. In recent years many examples of innovative applications of AI and ML techniques in CNS drug discovery has been reported. Research on therapeutics for diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's and Parkinsonism has been provided with a new direction and thrust from these developments. AI and ML has been applied to both ligand-based and structure-based drug discovery and design of CNS therapeutics. In this review, we have summarised the general aspects of AI and ML from the perspective of drug discovery followed by a comprehensive coverage of the recent developments in the applications of AI/ML techniques in CNS drug discovery.
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9
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Ji L, Fang Y, Tang J, Liu C, Huang C, Hu Q, Li Q, Chen Z. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 18F-labelled dopamine D 3 receptor selective ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 62:128630. [PMID: 35182773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is highly expressed in the limbic regions of the brain and closely related to a variety of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and drug-seeking behavior. In vivo imaging of D3R with radio-labelled tracers and positron emission tomography (PET) has become a powerful technique in related disorders. In this study, we synthesized three novel aromatically 18F-labelled phenylpiperazine-like D3R selective radioactive ligands ([18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b) and developed a simple, rapid and efficient 18F-labelling method by condition optimization. Radiosynthesis of [18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b was achieved by 18F-fluorination from nitroarene precursors. Final radiochemical purities of [18F]5b, [18F]8b and [18F]11b solution were > 99% and remained good stability (> 98% for up to 6 h) in PBS and FBS. PET imaging and cellular binding studies revealed that [18F]8b had a higher D3R affinity than [18F]5b and [18F]11b. Autoradiography and biodistribution studies of the brain showed that [18F]8b had medium intensity specific accumulation in the striatum and cortex. Meanwhile, the low skeletal uptake of [18F]8b revealed a good in vivo stability with negligible defluorination. These results indicated that [18F]8b might be a potential 18F-labelled D3R PET imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Yi Fang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Jie Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Chunyi Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China
| | - Caiyun Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Qianyue Hu
- Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qingming Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zhengping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi 214063, China.
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10
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Interaction of Ligands for PET with the Dopamine D3 Receptor: In Silico and In Vitro Methods. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040529. [PMID: 33918451 PMCID: PMC8065765 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[18F]Fallypride and [18F]Fluortriopride (FTP) are two different PET radiotracers that bind with sub-nanomolar affinity to the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R). In spite of their similar D3 affinities, the two PET ligands display very different properties for labeling the D3R in vivo: [18F]Fallypride is capable of binding to D3R under "baseline" conditions, whereas [18F]FTP requires the depletion of synaptic dopamine in order to image the receptor in vivo. These data suggest that [18F]Fallypride is able to compete with synaptic dopamine for binding to the D3R, whereas [18F]FTP is not. The goal of this study was to conduct a series of docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies to identify differences in the ability of each molecule to interact with the D3R that could explain these differences with respect to competition with synaptic dopamine. Competition studies measuring the ability of each ligand to compete with dopamine in the β-arrestin assay were also conducted. The results of the in silico studies indicate that FTP has a weaker interaction with the orthosteric binding site of the D3R versus that of Fallypride. The results of the in silico studies were also consistent with the IC50 values of each compound in the dopamine β-arrestin competition assays. The results of this study indicate that in silico methods may be able to predict the ability of a small molecule to compete with synaptic dopamine for binding to the D3R.
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11
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Krohn KA, Vera DR. Concepts for design and analysis of receptor radiopharmaceuticals: The Receptor-Binding Radiotracers series of meetings provided the foundation. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 92:5-23. [PMID: 32331709 PMCID: PMC8049838 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A symposium at George Washington University on Receptor-Binding Radiotracers in 1980 and three follow-up meetings held at University of California, San Diego provided a forum for debating the critical concepts involved in the new field of designing and evaluating radiotracers for imaging receptors and transporters. This review is intended to educate young investigators who may be relatively new to receptor radiopharmaceutical development. Our anticipated audience includes researchers in basic pharmacology, radiochemistry, imaging technology and kinetic data analysis and how these disciplines have worked together to build our understanding of the human biology of transporters and receptor signaling in health and disease. We have chosen to focus on radiochemical design of a useful imaging agent and how design is coupled to analysis of data collected from dynamic imaging with that agent. Some pharmacology may be required for designing the imaging agent and some imaging physics may be important in optimizing the quality of data that is collected. However, the key to a successful imaging agent is matching the radiotracer to the target receptor and to analysis of the time-course data that is used to parse delivery from specific binding and subsequent metabolism or degradation. Properly designed imaging agents are providing critical information about human biology in health and disease as well as pharmacodynamic response to drug interventions. The review emphasizes some of the ideas that were controversial at the 1980 conference and chronicles with literature examples how they have resolved over the four decades of using radiotracers to study transporters and receptors in human subjects. These examples show that there are situations where a very small KD, i.e. high affinity, has the potential to yield an image that reflects blood flow more than receptor density. The examples also show that by combining two studies, one with high specific activity and a second with low specific activity injections one can unravel the pseudo-first order rate B'max into the true second-order rate constant, k3, and the unoccupied receptor density. The final section describes how mathematical methods first presented to the receptor-imaging community in 1980 are now being used to provide confidence in the analysis of kinetic biodistribution studies. Our hope is that by bringing these concepts together in a single review, the next generation of scientists developing receptor imaging agents can be much more efficient than their pioneers in developing useful imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Krohn
- Center for Radiochemistry Research, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Mail Code L104, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, OR 97239, United States of America.
| | - David R Vera
- UCSD Moores Cancer Center, Department of Radiology, Mail Code 0819, University of California, San Diego, CA 92037, United States of America
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12
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Martel JC, Gatti McArthur S. Dopamine Receptor Subtypes, Physiology and Pharmacology: New Ligands and Concepts in Schizophrenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1003. [PMID: 32765257 PMCID: PMC7379027 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptors are widely distributed within the brain where they play critical modulator roles on motor functions, motivation and drive, as well as cognition. The identification of five genes coding for different dopamine receptor subtypes, pharmacologically grouped as D1- (D1 and D5) or D2-like (D2S, D2L, D3, and D4) has allowed the demonstration of differential receptor function in specific neurocircuits. Recent observation on dopamine receptor signaling point at dopamine-glutamate-NMDA neurobiology as the most relevant in schizophrenia and for the development of new therapies. Progress in the chemistry of D1- and D2-like receptor ligands (agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists) has provided more selective compounds possibly able to target the dopamine receptors homo and heterodimers and address different schizophrenia symptoms. Moreover, an extensive evaluation of the functional effect of these agents on dopamine receptor coupling and intracellular signaling highlights important differences that could also result in highly differentiated clinical pharmacology. The review summarizes the recent advances in the field, addressing the relevance of emerging new targets in schizophrenia in particular in relation to the dopamine - glutamate NMDA systems interactions.
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13
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Matini T, Haghparast A, Rezaee L, Salehi S, Tehranchi A, Haghparast A. Role of Dopaminergic Receptors Within the Ventral Tegmental Area in Antinociception Induced by Chemical Stimulation of the Lateral Hypothalamus in an Animal Model of Orofacial Pain. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1449-1460. [PMID: 32606911 PMCID: PMC7304680 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s255250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ventral tegmental area (VTA), as one of the classical components of the brain reward circuitry, shares large neural networks with the pain processing system. We previously showed the role of VTA dopamine receptors in modulation of lateral hypothalamus (LH)-induced antinociception in acute pain conditions. However, considering the fact that the neural systems involved in the mediation of tonic pain are not the same as those that mediate phasic pain. In the present study, we aimed to examine the role of intra-VTA dopamine receptors in LH-induced antinociceptive responses during tonic orofacial pain conditions. Methods Male Wistar rats weighing 230-250 g were implanted with two separate cannulae into the LH and VTA on the same side. Different solutions of carbachol (62.5, 125 and 250 nM), as a non-selective cholinergic receptor agonist that activates the LH projecting neurons, were microinjected into the LH. In the other groups, D1-like dopamine receptor antagonist, SCH-23390 (0.25, 1 and 4 µg/03 µL saline) or D2-like dopamine receptor antagonist, Sulpiride (0.25, 1 and 4 µg/0.3 µL DMSO 12%) were microinjected into VTA, 5 min prior intra-LH carbachol (250 nM), then subjected to orofacial formalin test. Intra-LH carbachol microinjection dose-dependently attenuated biphasic orofacial pain. Results Intra-VTA administration of SCH-23390 or Sulpiride dose-dependently decreased intra-LH carbachol-induced antinociception during both phases of orofacial formalin test with further effects in the late phase. Discussion The findings suggest that chemical stimulation of the LH by carbachol possibly activates the orexin projecting neurons and subsequently, the VTA dopaminergic neurons involved in the orofacial pain modulation. Detecting such neural circuitry offers an alternative approach in the development of more efficient therapies for such debilitating pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Matini
- School of Dentistry, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Haghparast
- School of Dentistry, International Branch of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Laleh Rezaee
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sakineh Salehi
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicine, Ardabil Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Azita Tehranchi
- Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Haghparast
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Natfji AA, Nikitin DO, Semina II, Moustafine RI, Khutoryanskiy VV, Lin H, Stephens GJ, Watson KA, Osborn HM, Greco F. Conjugation of haloperidol to PEG allows peripheral localisation of haloperidol and eliminates CNS extrapyramidal effects. J Control Release 2020; 322:227-235. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Fyfe TJ, Kellam B, Sykes DA, Capuano B, Scammells PJ, Lane JR, Charlton SJ, Mistry SN. Structure-Kinetic Profiling of Haloperidol Analogues at the Human Dopamine D 2 Receptor. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9488-9520. [PMID: 31580666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic drug (APD) associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSs) and hyperprolactinemia relative to atypical APDs such as clozapine. Both drugs are dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) antagonists, with contrasting kinetic profiles. Haloperidol displays fast association/slow dissociation at the D2R, whereas clozapine exhibits relatively slow association/fast dissociation. Recently, we have provided evidence that slow dissociation from the D2R predicts hyperprolactinemia, whereas fast association predicts EPS. Unfortunately, clozapine can cause severe side effects independent of its D2R action. Our results suggest an optimal kinetic profile for D2R antagonist APDs that avoids EPS. To begin exploring this hypothesis, we conducted a structure-kinetic relationship study of haloperidol and revealed that subtle structural modifications dramatically change binding kinetic rate constants, affording compounds with a clozapine-like kinetic profile. Thus, optimization of these kinetic parameters may allow development of novel APDs based on the haloperidol scaffold with improved side-effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim J Fyfe
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - Barrie Kellam
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
| | - David A Sykes
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K
| | | | | | - J Robert Lane
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K
| | - Steven J Charlton
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2UH , U.K.,Excellerate Bioscience Ltd., BioCity , Nottingham NG1 1GF , U.K
| | - Shailesh N Mistry
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , U.K
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16
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The Universal 3D QSAR Model for Dopamine D 2 Receptor Antagonists. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184555. [PMID: 31540025 PMCID: PMC6770028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to search for novel antipsychotics acting through the D2 receptor, it is necessary to know the structure–activity relationships for dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. In this context, we constructed the universal three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D- QSAR) model for competitive dopamine D2 receptor antagonists. We took 176 compounds from chemically different groups characterized by the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)from the CHEMBL database and docked them to the X-ray structure of the human D2 receptor in the inactive state. Selected docking poses were applied for Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) alignment. The obtained CoMFA model is characterized by a cross-validated coefficient Q2 of 0.76 with an optimal component of 5, R2 of 0.92, and an F value of 338.9. The steric and electrostatic field contributions are 67.4% and 32.6%, respectively. The statistics obtained prove that the CoMFA model is significant. Next, the IC50 of the 16 compounds from the test set was predicted with R2 of 0.95. Finally, a progressive scrambling test was carried out for additional validation. The CoMFA fields were mapped onto the dopamine D2 receptor binding site, which enabled a discussion of the structure–activity relationship based on ligand–receptor interactions. In particular, it was found that one of the desired steric interactions covers the area of a putative common allosteric pocket suggested for some other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which would suggest that some of the known dopamine receptor antagonists are bitopic in their essence. The CoMFA model can be applied to predict the potential activity of novel dopamine D2 receptor antagonists.
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17
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Reilly SW, Riad AA, Hsieh CJ, Sahlholm K, Jacome DA, Griffin S, Taylor M, Weng CC, Xu K, Kirschner N, Luedtke RR, Parry C, Malhotra S, Karanicolas J, Mach RH. Leveraging a Low-Affinity Diazaspiro Orthosteric Fragment to Reduce Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R) Ligand Promiscuity across Highly Conserved Aminergic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5132-5147. [PMID: 31021617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-9-(3-((4-methyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)propyl)-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane (1) compound with excellent dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) affinity (D3R Ki = 12.0 nM) and selectivity (D2R/D3R ratio = 905). Herein, we present derivatives of 1 with comparable D3R affinity (32, D3R Ki = 3.2 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 60) and selectivity (30, D3R Ki = 21.0 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 934). Fragmentation of 1 revealed orthosteric fragment 5a to express an unusually low D3R affinity ( Ki = 2.7 μM). Compared to piperazine congener 31, which retains a high-affinity orthosteric fragment (5d, D3R Ki = 23.9 nM), 1 was found to be more selective for the D3R among D1- and D2-like receptors and exhibited negligible off-target interactions at serotoninergic and adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), common off-target sites for piperazine-containing D3R scaffolds. This study provides a unique rationale for implementing weakly potent orthosteric fragments into D3R ligand systems to minimize drug promiscuity at other aminergic GPCR sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Reilly
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Aladdin A Riad
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Daniel A Jacome
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , University of Pennsylvania , 421 Curie Boulevard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Suzy Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nathan Kirschner
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Christopher Parry
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Shipra Malhotra
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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18
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Bueschbell B, Barreto CAV, Preto AJ, Schiedel AC, Moreira IS. A Complete Assessment of Dopamine Receptor- Ligand Interactions through Computational Methods. Molecules 2019; 24:E1196. [PMID: 30934701 PMCID: PMC6479630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selectively targeting dopamine receptors (DRs) has been a persistent challenge in the last years for the development of new treatments to combat the large variety of diseases involving these receptors. Although, several drugs have been successfully brought to market, the subtype-specific binding mode on a molecular basis has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Homology modeling and molecular dynamics were applied to construct robust conformational models of all dopamine receptor subtypes (D₁-like and D₂-like). Fifteen structurally diverse ligands were docked. Contacts at the binding pocket were fully described in order to reveal new structural findings responsible for selective binding to DR subtypes. Results: Residues of the aromatic microdomain were shown to be responsible for the majority of ligand interactions established to all DRs. Hydrophobic contacts involved a huge network of conserved and non-conserved residues between three transmembrane domains (TMs), TM2-TM3-TM7. Hydrogen bonds were mostly mediated by the serine microdomain. TM1 and TM2 residues were main contributors for the coupling of large ligands. Some amino acid groups form electrostatic interactions of particular importance for D₁R-like selective ligands binding. Conclusions: This in silico approach was successful in showing known receptor-ligand interactions as well as in determining unique combinations of interactions, which will support mutagenesis studies to improve the design of subtype-specific ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Carlos A V Barreto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - António J Preto
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
| | - Anke C Schiedel
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Irina S Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC- Biotech Parque Tecnológico de Cantanhede, Núcleo 04, Lote B, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal.
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Hayatshahi HS, Xu K, Griffin SA, Taylor M, Mach RH, Liu J, Luedtke RR. Analogues of Arylamide Phenylpiperazine Ligands To Investigate the Factors Influencing D3 Dopamine Receptor Bitropic Binding and Receptor Subtype Selectivity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2972-2983. [PMID: 30010318 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported on the ability of arylamide phenylpiperazines to bind selectively to the D3 versus the D2 dopamine receptor subtype. For these studies, we used LS-3-134 as the prototypic arylamide phenylpiperazine ligand because it binds with high affinity at D3 dopamine receptor (0.17 nM) and exhibits >150-fold D3 vs D2 receptor binding selectivity. Our goal was to investigate how the composition and size of the nonaromatic ring structure at the piperazine position of substituted phenylpiperazine analogues might influence binding affinity at the human D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. Two factors were identified as being important for determining the binding affinity of bitropic arylamide phenylpiperazines at the dopamine D3 receptor subtype. One factor was the strength of the salt bridge between the highly conserved residue Asp3.32 with the protonated nitrogen of the nonaromatic ring at the piperazine position. The second factor was the configuration of the unbound ligand in an aqueous solution. These two factors were found to be related to the logarithm of the affinities using a simple correlation model, which could be useful when designing high affinity subtype selective bitropic ligands. While this model is based upon the interaction of arylamide phenylpiperazines with the D2 and D3 D2-like dopamine receptor subtypes, it provides insights into the complexity of the factors that define a bitropic mode of the binding at GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed S. Hayatshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Suzy A. Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of North Texas System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas 76107, United States
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20
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Durdagi S, Erol I, Salmas RE, Aksoydan B, Kantarcioglu I. Oligomerization and cooperativity in GPCRs from the perspective of the angiotensin AT1 and dopamine D2 receptors. Neurosci Lett 2018; 700:30-37. [PMID: 29684528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) can form homo- and heterodimers or constitute higher oligomeric clusters with other heptahelical GPCRs. In this article, multiscale molecular modeling approaches as well as experimental techniques which are used to study oligomerization of GPCRs are reviewed. In particular, the effect of dimerization/oligomerization to the ligand binding affinity of individual protomers and also on the efficacy of the oligomer are discussed by including diverse examples from the literature. In addition, possible allosteric effects that may emerge upon interaction of GPCRs with membrane components, like cholesterol, is also discussed. Investigation of these above-mentioned interactions may greatly contribute to the candidate molecule screening studies and development of novel therapeutics with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ismail Erol
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ramin Ekhteiari Salmas
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busecan Aksoydan
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isik Kantarcioglu
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University (BAU), Istanbul, Turkey; Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, Turkey
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21
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Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors have key roles in behavioral reward, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, and there is interest in studying their role in these disorders using PET. However, current PET radiotracers for studying D3 receptors in humans all bind to both D2 and D3 due to similarities between the two receptors. Selective D2 and D3 radioligands would aid investigation of the differences between D2 and D3 circuitry in the central nervous system. While there are currently in vitro measures of ligand D3/D2 selectivity, there is a need for an in vivo PET measure of D3/D2 selectivity. This review discusses current PET imaging of dopamine D2/D3 receptors and proposes methodology for quantitating in vivo selectivity of probes for PET imaging of dopamine D3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K Doot
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Jacob G Dubroff
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kyle J Labban
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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22
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Lemos A, Melo R, Preto AJ, Almeida JG, Moreira IS, Cordeiro MNDS. In Silico Studies Targeting G-protein Coupled Receptors for Drug Research Against Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:786-848. [PMID: 29521236 PMCID: PMC6080095 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180308161642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative brain disorder that mainly affects the motor system. The causes are still unknown, and even though currently there is no cure, several therapeutic options are available to manage its symptoms. The development of novel antiparkinsonian agents and an understanding of their proper and optimal use are, indeed, highly demanding. For the last decades, L-3,4-DihydrOxyPhenylAlanine or levodopa (L-DOPA) has been the gold-standard therapy for the symptomatic treatment of motor dysfunctions associated to PD. However, the development of dyskinesias and motor fluctuations (wearing-off and on-off phenomena) associated with long-term L-DOPA replacement therapy have limited its antiparkinsonian efficacy. The investigation for non-dopaminergic therapies has been largely explored as an attempt to counteract the motor side effects associated with dopamine replacement therapy. Being one of the largest cell membrane protein families, G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) have become a relevant target for drug discovery focused on a wide range of therapeutic areas, including Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. The modulation of specific GPCRs potentially implicated in PD, excluding dopamine receptors, may provide promising non-dopaminergic therapeutic alternatives for symptomatic treatment of PD. In this review, we focused on the impact of specific GPCR subclasses, including dopamine receptors, adenosine receptors, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, metabotropic glutamate receptors, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, on the pathophysiology of PD and the importance of structure- and ligand-based in silico approaches for the development of small molecules to target these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agostinho Lemos
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
- GIGA Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Rita Melo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (ao km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Antonio Jose Preto
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Guilherme Almeida
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irina Sousa Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-517Coimbra, Portugal
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science - Chemistry, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3584CH, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Natalia Dias Soeiro Cordeiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007Porto, Portugal
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Reilly SW, Griffin S, Taylor M, Sahlholm K, Weng CC, Xu K, Jacome DA, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Highly Selective Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists with Arylated Diazaspiro Alkane Cores. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9905-9910. [PMID: 29125762 PMCID: PMC5767125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of potent and selective D3 receptor (D3R) analogues with diazaspiro alkane cores were synthesized. Radioligand binding of compounds 11, 14, 15a, and 15c revealed favorable D3R affinity (Ki = 12-25.6 nM) and were highly selective for D3R vs D3R (ranging from 264- to 905-fold). Variation of these novel ligand architectures can be achieved using our previously reported 10-20 min benchtop C-N cross-coupling methodology, affording a broad range of arylated diazaspiro precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W. Reilly
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Suzy Griffin
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, the Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, the Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Daniel A. Jacome
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, the Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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24
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Mach RH, Luedtke RR. Challenges in the development of dopamine D2- and D3-selective radiotracers for PET imaging studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:291-298. [PMID: 28857231 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D2-like receptors (ie, D2/3 receptors) have been the most extensively studied CNS receptor with Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The 3 different radiotracers that have been used in these studies are [11 C]raclopride, [18 F]fallypride, and [11 C]PHNO. Because these radiotracers have a high affinity for both dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, the density of dopamine receptors in the CNS is reported as the D2/3 binding potential, which reflects a measure of the density of both receptor subtypes. Although the development of D2- and D3-selective PET radiotracers has been an active area of research for many years, this by and large presents an unmet need in the area of translational PET imaging studies. This article discusses some of the challenges that have inhibited progress in this area of research and the current status of the development of subtype selective radiotracers for imaging D3 and D2 dopamine receptors with PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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He SB, Ben Hu, Kuang ZK, Wang D, Kong DX. Predicting Subtype Selectivity for Adenosine Receptor Ligands with Three-Dimensional Biologically Relevant Spectrum (BRS-3D). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36595. [PMID: 27812030 PMCID: PMC5095671 DOI: 10.1038/srep36595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are potential therapeutic targets for Parkinson’s disease, diabetes, pain, stroke and cancers. Prediction of subtype selectivity is therefore important from both therapeutic and mechanistic perspectives. In this paper, we introduced a shape similarity profile as molecular descriptor, namely three-dimensional biologically relevant spectrum (BRS-3D), for AR selectivity prediction. Pairwise regression and discrimination models were built with the support vector machine methods. The average determination coefficient (r2) of the regression models was 0.664 (for test sets). The 2B-3 (A2Bvs A3) model performed best with q2 = 0.769 for training sets (10-fold cross-validation), and r2 = 0.766, RMSE = 0.828 for test sets. The models’ robustness and stability were validated with 100 times resampling and 500 times Y-randomization. We compared the performance of BRS-3D with 3D descriptors calculated by MOE. BRS-3D performed as good as, or better than, MOE 3D descriptors. The performances of the discrimination models were also encouraging, with average accuracy (ACC) 0.912 and MCC 0.792 (test set). The 2A-3 (A2Avs A3) selectivity discrimination model (ACC = 0.882 and MCC = 0.715 for test set) outperformed an earlier reported one (ACC = 0.784). These results demonstrated that, through multiple conformation encoding, BRS-3D can be used as an effective molecular descriptor for AR subtype selectivity prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Bing He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ben Hu
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Kuang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Salomone S, Drago F. Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kuang ZK, Feng SY, Hu B, Wang D, He SB, Kong DX. Predicting subtype selectivity of dopamine receptor ligands with three-dimensional biologically relevant spectrum. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:859-872. [PMID: 27390270 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We applied a novel molecular descriptor, three-dimensional biologically relevant spectrum (BRS-3D), in subtype selectivity prediction of dopamine receptor (DR) ligands. BRS-3D is a shape similarity profile calculated by superimposing the objective compounds against 300 template ligands from sc-PDB. First, we constructed five subtype selectivity regression models between DR subtypes D1-D2, D1-D3, D2-D3, D2-D4, and D3-D4. The models' 10-fold cross-validation-squared correlation coefficient (Q2 , for training sets) and determination coefficient (R2 , for test sets) were in the range of 0.5-0.7 and 0.6-0.8, respectively. Then, four pair-wise (D1-D2, D2-D3, D2-D4, and D3-D4) and a multitype (D2, D3, and D4) classification models were developed with the prediction accuracies around or over 90% (for test sets). Lastly, we compared the performances of the models developed on BRS-3D and classical descriptors. The results showed that BRS-3D performed similarly to classical 2D descriptors and better than other 3D descriptors. Combining BRS-3D and 2D descriptors can further improve the prediction performance. These results confirmed the capacity of BRS-3D in the prediction of DR subtype-selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Kun Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Song-Bing He
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - De-Xin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, College of informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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An Algorithm to Identify Target-Selective Ligands - A Case Study of 5-HT7/5-HT1A Receptor Selectivity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156986. [PMID: 27271158 PMCID: PMC4896471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A computational procedure to search for selective ligands for structurally related protein targets was developed and verified for serotonergic 5-HT7/5-HT1A receptor ligands. Starting from a set of compounds with annotated activity at both targets (grouped into four classes according to their activity: selective toward each target, not-selective and not-selective but active) and with an additional set of decoys (prepared using DUD methodology), the SVM (Support Vector Machines) models were constructed using a selective subset as positive examples and four remaining classes as negative training examples. Based on these four component models, the consensus classifier was then constructed using a data fusion approach. The combination of two approaches of data representation (molecular fingerprints vs. structural interaction fingerprints), different training set sizes and selection of the best SVM component models for consensus model generation, were evaluated to determine the optimal settings for the developed algorithm. The results showed that consensus models with molecular fingerprints, a larger training set and the selection of component models based on MCC maximization provided the best predictive performance.
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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Luchi AM, Angelina EL, Andujar SA, Enriz RD, Peruchena NM. Halogen bonding in biological context: a computational study of D2 dopamine receptor. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano M. Luchi
- Lab. Estructura Molecular y Propiedades, IQUIBA-NEA; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, FACENA; Av. Libertad 5470 Corrientes 3400 Argentina
| | - Emilio L. Angelina
- Lab. Estructura Molecular y Propiedades, IQUIBA-NEA; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, FACENA; Av. Libertad 5470 Corrientes 3400 Argentina
| | - Sebastián A. Andujar
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, FQBF; Chacabuco 917 San Luis 5700 Argentina
| | - Ricardo D. Enriz
- Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas San Luis; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, CONICET, FQBF; Chacabuco 917 San Luis 5700 Argentina
| | - Nélida M. Peruchena
- Lab. Estructura Molecular y Propiedades, IQUIBA-NEA; Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, FACENA; Av. Libertad 5470 Corrientes 3400 Argentina
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Zhang H, Tong R, Bai L, Shi J, Ouyang L. Emerging targets and new small molecule therapies in Parkinson’s disease treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:1419-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Sase A, Aher YD, Saroja SR, Ganesan MK, Sase S, Holy M, Höger H, Bakulev V, Ecker GF, Langer T, Sitte HH, Leban J, Lubec G. A heterocyclic compound CE-103 inhibits dopamine reuptake and modulates dopamine transporter and dopamine D1-D3 containing receptor complexes. Neuropharmacology 2016; 102:186-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Thomas T, Fang Y, Yuriev E, Chalmers DK. Ligand Binding Pathways of Clozapine and Haloperidol in the Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:308-21. [PMID: 26690887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The binding of a small molecule ligand to its protein target is most often characterized by binding affinity and is typically viewed as an on/off switch. The more complex reality is that binding involves the ligand passing through a series of intermediate states between the solution phase and the fully bound pose. We have performed a set of 29 unbiased molecular dynamics simulations to model the binding pathways of the dopamine receptor antagonists clozapine and haloperidol binding to the D2 and D3 dopamine receptors. Through these simulations we have captured the binding pathways of clozapine and haloperidol from the extracellular vestibule to the orthosteric binding site and thereby, we also predict the bound pose of each ligand. These are the first long time scale simulations of haloperidol or clozapine binding to dopamine receptors. From these simulations, we have identified several important stages in the binding pathway, including the involvement of Tyr7.35 in a "handover" mechanism that transfers the ligand between the extracellular vestibule and Asp3.32. We have also performed interaction and cluster analyses to determine differences in binding pathways between the D2 and D3 receptors and identified metastable states that may be of use in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trayder Thomas
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Yu Fang
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David K Chalmers
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Xu F, Chen H, Xu J, Liang X, He X, Shao B, Sun X, Li B, Deng X, Yuan M. Synthesis, structure–activity relationship and biological evaluation of novel arylpiperzines as α1A/1D-AR subselective antagonists for BPH. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7735-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Chłoń-Rzepa G, Bucki A, Kołaczkowski M, Partyka A, Jastrzębska-Więsek M, Satała G, Bojarski AJ, Kalinowska-Tłuścik J, Kazek G, Mordyl B, Głuch-Lutwin M, Wesołowska A. Arylpiperazinylalkyl derivatives of 8-amino-1,3-dimethylpurine-2,6-dione as novel multitarget 5-HT/D receptor agents with potential antipsychotic activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1048-62. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1088844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna Chłoń-Rzepa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Adam Bucki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Marcin Kołaczkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Anna Partyka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
| | | | - Grzegorz Satała
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Justyna Kalinowska-Tłuścik
- Department of Crystal Chemistry and Crystal Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland,
| | - Grzegorz Kazek
- Department of Pharmacological Screening, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland, and
| | - Barbara Mordyl
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Głuch-Lutwin
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wesołowska
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,
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Cao Y, Paudel S, Zhang X, Kim KM, Cheon SH. Synthesis and evaluation of arylpiperazine-reverse amides as biased dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rangel-Barajas C, Malik M, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. Pharmacological modulation of abnormal involuntary DOI-induced head twitch response movements in male DBA/2J mice: II. Effects of D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds. Neuropharmacology 2015; 93:179-90. [PMID: 25698528 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported on the characterization of the hallucinogen 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine's (DOI) ability to elicit a head twitch response (HTR) in DBA/2J mice and the ability of D2 vs. D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds to modulate that response. For these studies, the ability of D3 vs. D2 dopamine receptor selective compounds to attenuate the DOI-dependent HTR was examined. WC 10, a D3 dopamine receptor weak partial agonist with 40-fold binding selectivity for D3 vs. D2 dopamine receptors, produced a dose-dependent decrease in the DOI-induced HTR (IC50 = 3.7 mg/kg). WC 44, a D3 receptor selective full agonist, also inhibited the DOI-induced HTR (IC50 = 5.1 mg/kg). The effect of two D3 receptor selective partial agonists, LAX-4-136 and WW-III-55, were also evaluated. These analogs exhibit 150-fold and 800-fold D3 vs. D2 binding selectivity, respectively. Both compounds inhibited the HTR with similar potency but with different maximum efficacies. At 10 mg/kg WW-III-55 inhibited the HTR by 95%, while LAX-4-136 administration resulted in a 50% reduction. In addition, DOI (5 mg/kg) was administered at various times after LAX-4-136 or WW-III-55 administration to compare the duration of action. The homopiperazine analog LAX-4-136 exhibited greater stability. An assessment of our test compounds on motor performance and coordination was performed using a rotarod test. None of the D3 dopamine receptor selective compounds significantly altered latency to fall, suggesting that these compounds a) did not attenuate the DOI-dependent HTR due to sedative or adverse motor effects and b) may have antipsychotic/antihallucinogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Maninder Malik
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Chemistry Building, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Duan X, Zhang M, Zhang X, Wang F, Lei M. Molecular modeling and docking study on dopamine D2-like and serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 57:143-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Peng X, Wang Q, Mishra Y, Xu J, Reichert DE, Malik M, Taylor M, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of triazole containing dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:519-23. [PMID: 25556097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2-methoxyphenyl piperazine analogues containing a triazole ring were synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities at human dopamine D2 and D3 receptors were evaluated. Compounds 5b, 5c, 5d, and 4g, demonstrate high affinity for dopamine D3 receptors and moderate selectivity for the dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtypes. To further examine their potential as therapeutic agents, their intrinsic efficacy at both D2 and D3 receptors was determined using a forskolin-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay. Affinity at dopamine D4 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors was also determined. In addition, information from previous molecular modeling studies of the binding of a panel of 163 structurally-related benzamide analogues at dopamine D2 and D3 receptors was applied to this series of compounds. The results of the modeling studies were consistent with our previous experimental data. More importantly, the modeling study results explained why the replacement of the amide linkage with the hetero-aromatic ring leads to a reduction in the affinity of these compounds at D3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Yogesh Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - David E Reichert
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States.
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Castro-Hernández J, Afonso-Oramas D, Cruz-Muros I, Salas-Hernández J, Barroso-Chinea P, Moratalla R, Millan MJ, González-Hernández T. Prolonged treatment with pramipexole promotes physical interaction of striatal dopamine D3 autoreceptors with dopamine transporters to reduce dopamine uptake. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 74:325-35. [PMID: 25511804 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), a membrane glycoprotein expressed in dopaminergic neurons, clears DA from extracellular space and is regulated by diverse presynaptic proteins like protein kinases, α-synuclein, D2 and D3 autoreceptors. DAT dysfunction is implicated in Parkinson's disease and depression, which are therapeutically treated by dopaminergic D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) agonists. It is, then, important to improve our understanding of interactions between D3R and DAT. We show that prolonged administration of pramipexole (0.1mg/kg/day, 6 to 21 days), a preferential D3R agonist, leads to a decrease in DA uptake in mouse striatum that reflects a reduction in DAT affinity for DA in the absence of any change in DAT density or subcellular distribution. The effect of pramipexole was absent in mice with genetically-deleted D3R (D3R(-/-)), yet unaffected in mice genetically deprived of D2R (D2R(-/-)). Pramipexole treatment induced a physical interaction between D3R and DAT, as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation assay. Furthermore, it promoted the formation of DAT dimers and DAT association with both D2R and α-synuclein, effects that were abolished in D3R(-/-) mice, yet unaffected in D2R(-/-) mice, indicating dependence upon D3R. Collectively, these data suggest that prolonged treatment with dopaminergic D3 agonists provokes a reduction in DA reuptake by dopaminergic neurons related to a hitherto-unsuspected modification of the DAT interactome. These observations provide novel insights into the long-term antiparkinson, antidepressant and additional clinical actions of pramipexole and other D3R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castro-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Domingo Afonso-Oramas
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cruz-Muros
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Josmar Salas-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Pedro Barroso-Chinea
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Departamento de Biología Funcional y de Sistemas, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red sobre enfermedades neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Mark J Millan
- Pole of Innovation in Neuropsychopharmacology, Institut de Recherches Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Tomás González-Hernández
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB, CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Centro de investigación Biomédica en Red sobre enfermedades neurodegenerativas, CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
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Keck TM, Burzynski C, Shi L, Newman AH. Beyond small-molecule SAR: using the dopamine D3 receptor crystal structure to guide drug design. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 69:267-300. [PMID: 24484980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. The high protein sequence homology between the D3 and D2 receptors has posed a challenge to developing D3 receptor-selective ligands whose behavioral actions can be attributed to D3 receptor engagement, in vivo. However, through primarily small-molecule structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a variety of chemical scaffolds have been discovered over the past two decades that have resulted in several D3 receptor-selective ligands with high affinity and in vivo activity. Nevertheless, viable clinical candidates remain limited. The recent determination of the high-resolution crystal structure of the D3 receptor has invigorated structure-based drug design, providing refinements to the molecular dynamic models and testable predictions about receptor-ligand interactions. This chapter will highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential utility of D3 receptor-selective ligands in the treatment of addiction. In addition, new structure-based rational drug design strategies for D3 receptor-selective ligands that complement traditional small-molecule SAR to improve the selectivity and directed efficacy profiles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Zanatta G, Nunes G, Bezerra EM, da Costa RF, Martins A, Caetano EWS, Freire VN, Gottfried C. Antipsychotic haloperidol binding to the human dopamine D3 receptor: beyond docking through QM/MM refinement toward the design of improved schizophrenia medicines. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:1041-54. [PMID: 25181639 DOI: 10.1021/cn500111e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As the dopamine D3R receptor is a promising target for schizophrenia treatment, an improved understanding of the binding of existing antipsychotics to this receptor is crucial for the development of new potent and more selective therapeutic agents. In this work, we have used X-ray cocrystallization data of the antagonist eticlopride bound to D3R as a template to predict, through docking essays, the placement of the typical antipsychotic drug haloperidol at the D3R receptor binding site. Afterward, classical and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computations were employed to improve the quality of the docking calculations, with the QM part of the simulations being accomplished by using the density functional theory (DFT) formalism. After docking, the calculated QM improved total interaction energy EQMDI = -170.1 kcal/mol was larger (in absolute value) than that obtained with classical molecular mechanics improved (ECLDI = -156.3 kcal/mol) and crude docking (ECRDI = -137.6 kcal/mol) procedures. The QM/MM computations reveal the pivotal role of the Asp110 amino acid residue in the D3R haloperidol binding, followed by Tyr365, Phe345, Ile183, Phe346, Tyr373, and Cys114. Besides, it highlights the relevance of the haloperidol hydroxyl group axial orientation, which interacts with the Tyr365 and Thr369 residues, enhancing its binding to dopamine receptors. Finally, our computations indicate that functional substitutions in the 4-clorophenyl and in the 4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl fragments (such as C3H and C12H hydrogen replacement by OH or COOH) can lead to haloperidol derivatives with distinct dopamine antagonism profiles. The results of our work are a first step using in silico quantum biochemical design as means to impact the discovery of new medicines to treat schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geancarlo Zanatta
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Gustavo Nunes
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Eveline M. Bezerra
- Post-graduate
Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Roner F. da Costa
- Department
of Physics, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 59780-000 Caraúbas, RN Brazil
| | - Alice Martins
- Post-graduate
Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-372 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Ewerton W. S. Caetano
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, 60040-531 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Department
of Physics, Federal University of Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Department
of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
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Rangel-Barajas C, Malik M, Taylor M, Neve KA, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. Characterization of [(3) H]LS-3-134, a novel arylamide phenylpiperazine D3 dopamine receptor selective radioligand. J Neurochem 2014; 131:418-31. [PMID: 25041389 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
LS-3-134 is a substituted N-phenylpiperazine derivative that has been reported to exhibit: (i) high-affinity binding (Ki value 0.2 nM) at human D3 dopamine receptors, (ii) > 100-fold D3 versus D2 dopamine receptor subtype binding selectivity, and (iii) low-affinity binding (Ki > 5000 nM) at sigma 1 and sigma 2 receptors. Based upon a forskolin-dependent activation of the adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay, LS-3-134 is a weak partial agonist at both D2 and D3 dopamine receptor subtypes (29% and 35% of full agonist activity, respectively). In this study, [(3) H]-labeled LS-3-134 was prepared and evaluated to further characterize its use as a D3 dopamine receptor selective radioligand. Kinetic and equilibrium radioligand binding studies were performed. This radioligand rapidly reaches equilibrium (10-15 min at 37°C) and binds with high affinity to both human (Kd = 0.06 ± 0.01 nM) and rat (Kd = 0.2 ± 0.02 nM) D3 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells. Direct and competitive radioligand binding studies using rat caudate and nucleus accumbens tissue indicate that [(3) H]LS-3-134 selectively binds a homogeneous population of binding sites with a dopamine D3 receptor pharmacological profile. Based upon these studies, we propose that [(3) H]LS-3-134 represents a novel D3 dopamine receptor selective radioligand that can be used for studying the expression and regulation of the D3 dopamine receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Ananthan S, Saini SK, Zhou G, Hobrath JV, Padmalayam I, Zhai L, Bostwick JR, Antonio T, Reith MEA, McDowell S, Cho E, McAleer L, Taylor M, Luedtke RR. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of [4-(4-carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: insights into structural features contributing to dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7042-60. [PMID: 25126833 PMCID: PMC4148173 DOI: 10.1021/jm500801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Antagonist and partial agonist modulators
of the dopamine D3 receptor
(D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of
substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development
of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has
been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the
D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized
a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units
and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and
D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against
a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at
the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity
of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially
enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ananthan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute , Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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van Wieringen JP, Shalgunov V, Janssen HM, Fransen PM, Janssen AGM, Michel MC, Booij J, Elsinga PH. Synthesis and characterization of a novel series of agonist compounds as potential radiopharmaceuticals for imaging dopamine D₂/₃ receptors in their high-affinity state. J Med Chem 2014; 57:391-410. [PMID: 24325578 DOI: 10.1021/jm401384w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging of dopamine D2/3 receptors (D2/3R) can shed light on the nature of several neuropsychiatric disorders in which dysregulation of D2/3R signaling is involved. Agonist D2/3 tracers for PET/SPECT imaging are considered to be superior to antagonists because they are more sensitive to dopamine concentrations and may selectively label the high-affinity receptor state. Carbon-11-labeled D2/3R agonists have been developed, but these short-lived tracers can be used only in centers with a cyclotron. Here, we report the development of a series of novel D2R agonist compounds based on the 2-aminomethylchromane (AMC) scaffold that provides ample opportunities for the introduction of longer-lived [(18)F] or [(123)I]. Binding experiments showed that several AMC compounds have a high affinity and selectivity for D2/3R and act as agonists. Two fluorine-containing compounds were [(18)F]-labeled, and both displayed specific binding to striatal D2/3R in rat brain slices in vitro. These findings encourage further in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Peter van Wieringen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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47
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Tu Z, Li S, Li A, Taylor M, Ho D, Malik M, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of indolyl carboxylic amide analogues as D 3 dopamine receptor selective ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:1283-1289. [PMID: 24156012 PMCID: PMC3804115 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 1H-indolyl carboxylic acid amides that contain a N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine or N-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperazine group were synthesized and their affinities for human dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors were determined. Two of these compounds, 14a and 14b, displayed high binding affinity at D3 (Ki = 0.18 and 0.4 nM, respectively), and selectivity for D3vs. D2 receptors (87-fold and 60-fold, respectively). These two compounds had low binding affinity at D4 receptors and σ receptor sites. The intrinsic activity of these compounds at D2 and D3 receptors was determined using a forskolin-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay; both 14a and 14b were found to be partial agonists. Furthermore, for compound 14a, the log D value of 2.85 suggested it has suitable lipophilicity for crossing the blood-brain-barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhude Tu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Shihong Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Aixiao Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - David Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
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Dalet FGE, Guadalupe TFJ, María del Carmen CH, Humberto GAC, Antonio SUM. Insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors impacts drug design for central nervous system neurodegenerative processes. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:2290-302. [PMID: 25206539 PMCID: PMC4146033 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.24.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, there have been important new insights into the structural biology of G-protein coupled receptors. It is now known that allosteric binding sites are involved in the affinity and selectivity of ligands for G-protein coupled receptors, and that signaling by these receptors involves both G-protein dependent and independent pathways. The present review outlines the physiological and pharmacological implications of this perspective for the design of new drugs to treat disorders of the central nervous system. Specifically, new possibilities are explored in relation to allosteric and orthosteric binding sites on dopamine receptors for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, and on muscarinic receptors for Alzheimer's disease. Future research can seek to identify ligands that can bind to more than one site on the same receptor, or simultaneously bind to two receptors and form a dimer. For example, the design of bivalent drugs that can reach homo/hetero-dimers of D2 dopamine receptor holds promise as a relevant therapeutic strategy for Parkinson's disease. Regarding the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the design of dualsteric ligands for mono-oligomeric rinic receptors could increase therapeutic effectiveness by generating potent compounds that could activate more than one signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farfán-García Eunice Dalet
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Trujillo-Ferrara José Guadalupe
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Castillo-Hernández María del Carmen
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Guerra-Araiza Christian Humberto
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
- Corresponding author: Soriano-Ursúa Marvin Antonio, Professor/Researcher, Departamento de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomas, Del. Benito Juárez, Mexico City 11340, Mexico, , (N201304028)
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Neisewander JL, Cheung THC, Pentkowski NS. Dopamine D3 and 5-HT1B receptor dysregulation as a result of psychostimulant intake and forced abstinence: Implications for medications development. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt B:301-19. [PMID: 23973315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants, including cocaine and amphetamine, is associated with dysregulation of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems. Neuroadaptations in these systems vary depending on the stage of the drug taking-abstinence-relapse cycle. Consequently, the effects of potential treatments that target these systems may vary depending on whether they are given during abstinence or relapse. In this review, we discuss evidence that dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) and 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) are dysregulated in response to both chronic psychostimulant use and subsequent abstinence. We then review findings from preclinical self-administration models which support targeting D3Rs and 5-HT1BRs as potential medications for psychostimulant dependence. Potential side effects of the treatments are discussed and attention is given to studies reporting positive treatment outcomes that depend on: 1) whether testing occurs during self-administration versus abstinence, 2) whether escalation of drug self-administration has occurred, 3) whether the treatments are given repeatedly, and 4) whether social factors influence treatment outcomes. We conclude that D3/D2 agonists may decrease psychostimulant intake; however, side effects of D3/D2R full agonists may limit their therapeutic potential, whereas D3/D2R partial agonists have fewer undesirable side effects. D3-selective antagonists may not reduce psychostimulant intake during relapse, but nonetheless, may decrease motivation for seeking psychostimulants with relatively few side-effects. 5-HT1BR agonists provide a striking example of treatment outcomes that are dependent on the stage of the addiction cycle. Specifically, these agonists initially increase cocaine's reinforcing effects during maintenance of self-administration, but after a period of abstinence they reduce psychostimulant seeking and the resumption of self-administration. In conclusion, we suggest that factors contributing to dysregulation of monoamine systems, including drug history, abstinence, and social context, should be considered when evaluating potential treatments to better model treatment effects in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
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50
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Model structure-activity relationship studies of potential tropane 5HT 1A, 5HT 2A, and D 2 receptor ligands. Med Chem Res 2013; 22:3148-3153. [PMID: 23710122 PMCID: PMC3661918 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0305-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The two-stages studies of structure-activity relationship for model ligands of 5HT1A, 5HT2A, and D2 receptors were performed. On the first stage, the pharmacophores of two potential ligands of known in vitro binding to 5HT1A, 5HT2A, D2 receptors and model pharmacophore of strongly interacting D2 receptor ligands were found and their parameters were related to affinity data. The analyzed parameters were hydrophobic, hydrophilic, aromatic, donor and acceptor of proton centers. The geometry of spatial distribution of these properties was also investigated in comparative analysis. The studied, model compounds were two 3β-acylamine derivatives of tropane. The second stage includes docking of studied compounds to D2 receptor model and the comparison of its quality with in vivo binding data. The obtained results are consistent with in vitro binding data and applied procedure accurate estimates the affinity of potential ligands to D2 receptors.
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