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Eltokhi A, Bertocchi I, Rozov A, Jensen V, Borchardt T, Taylor A, Proenca CC, Rawlins JNP, Bannerman DM, Sprengel R. Distinct effects of AMPAR subunit depletion on spatial memory. iScience 2023; 26:108116. [PMID: 37876813 PMCID: PMC10590979 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological studies established a role for AMPARs in the mammalian forebrain in spatial memory performance. Here we generated global GluA1/3 double knockout mice (Gria1/3-/-) and conditional knockouts lacking GluA1 and GluA3 AMPAR subunits specifically from principal cells across the forebrain (Gria1/3ΔFb). In both models, loss of GluA1 and GluA3 resulted in reduced hippocampal GluA2 and increased levels of the NMDAR subunit GluN2A. Electrically-evoked AMPAR-mediated EPSPs were greatly diminished, and there was an absence of tetanus-induced LTP. Gria1/3-/- mice showed premature mortality. Gria1/3ΔFb mice were viable, and their memory performance could be analyzed. In the Morris water maze (MWM), Gria1/3ΔFb mice showed profound long-term memory deficits, in marked contrast to the normal MWM learning previously seen in single Gria1-/- and Gria3-/- knockout mice. Our results suggest a redundancy of function within the pool of available ionotropic glutamate receptors for long-term spatial memory performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Eltokhi
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pharmacolog, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ilaria Bertocchi
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute - Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation (NICO), Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrei Rozov
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhniy, 603022 Novgorod, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vidar Jensen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Division of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thilo Borchardt
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amy Taylor
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catia C. Proenca
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Rolf Sprengel
- Departments of Molecular Neurobiology and Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Chałupnik P, Vialko A, Pickering DS, Nielsen B, Bay Y, Skov Kristensen A, Hinkkanen M, Szczepańska K, Karcz T, Latacz G, Johansen TN, Szymańska E. Structure-Activity Relationship and Solubility Studies of N1-Substituted Quinoxaline-2,3-diones as Kainate Receptor Antagonists. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300278. [PMID: 37387321 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Kainate receptors are a class of ionotropic glutamate receptors that respond to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in the central nervous system and play an important role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders and the regulation of synaptic function. In the current study, we investigated the structure- activity relationship of the series of quinoxaline-2,3-diones substituted at N1, 6, and 7 positions, as ligands of kainate homomeric receptors GluK1-3 and GluK5. Pharmacological characterization showed that all derivatives obtained exhibited micromolar affinity at GluK3 receptors with Ki values in the range 0.1-4.4 μM range. The antagonistic properties of the selected analogues: N-(7-fluoro-6-iodo-2,3-dioxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide, N-(7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-6-iodo-2,3-dioxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide and N-(7-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-2,3-dioxo-6-(phenylethynyl)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-1(2H)-yl)-3-sulfamoylbenzamide at GluK3 receptors, were confirmed by an intracellular calcium imaging assay. To correlate in vitro affinity data with structural features of the synthesized compounds and to understand the impact of the substituent in N1 position on ability to form additional protein-ligand interactions, molecular modeling and docking studies were carried out. Experimental solubility studies using UV spectroscopy detection have shown that 7-imidazolyl-6-iodo analogues with a sulfamoylbenzamide moiety at the N1 position are the best soluble compounds in the series, with molar solubility in TRISS buffer at pH 9 more than 3-fold higher compared to NBQX, a known AMPA/kainate antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Chałupnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alina Vialko
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yasmin Bay
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Skov Kristensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Hinkkanen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Karcz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gniewomir Latacz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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3
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Chałupnik P, Szymańska E. Kainate Receptor Antagonists: Recent Advances and Therapeutic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1908. [PMID: 36768227 PMCID: PMC9916396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the 1990s, ionotropic glutamate receptors have served as an outstanding target for drug discovery research aimed at the discovery of new neurotherapeutic agents. With the recent approval of perampanel, the first marketed non-competitive antagonist of AMPA receptors, particular interest has been directed toward 'non-NMDA' (AMPA and kainate) receptor inhibitors. Although the role of AMPA receptors in the development of neurological or psychiatric disorders has been well recognized and characterized, progress in understanding the function of kainate receptors (KARs) has been hampered, mainly due to the lack of specific and selective pharmacological tools. The latest findings in the biology of KA receptors indicate that they are involved in neurophysiological activity and play an important role in both health and disease, including conditions such as anxiety, schizophrenia, epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and migraine. Therefore, we reviewed recent advances in the field of competitive and non-competitive kainate receptor antagonists and their potential therapeutic applications. Due to the high level of structural divergence among the compounds described here, we decided to divide them into seven groups according to their overall structure, presenting a total of 72 active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Taniguchi S, Stolz JR, Swanson GT. The Antiseizure Drug Perampanel Is a Subunit-Selective Negative Allosteric Modulator of Kainate Receptors. J Neurosci 2022; 42:5499-5509. [PMID: 35654603 PMCID: PMC9295835 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2397-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Perampanel (PMP) is a third-generation antiseizure drug reported to be a potent and selective noncompetitive negative allosteric modulator of one subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR), the α-amino-3-hydroxy-S-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors (AMPARs). However, the recent structural resolution of AMPARs in complex with PMP revealed that its binding pocket is formed from residues that are largely conserved in two members of another family of iGluRs, the GluK4 and GluK5 kainate receptor (KAR) subunits. We show here that PMP inhibits both recombinant and neuronal KARs, contrary to the previous reports, and that the negative allosteric modulator (NAM) activity requires GluK5 subunits to be channel constituents. PMP inhibited heteromeric GluK1/GluK5 and GluK2/GluK5 KARs at IC50 values comparable to that for AMPA receptors but was much less potent on homomeric GluK1 or GluK2 KARs. The auxiliary subunits Neto1 or Neto2 also made GluK2-containing KARs more sensitive to inhibition. Finally, PMP inhibited mouse neuronal KARs containing GluK5 subunits and Neto proteins in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia neurons and hippocampal mossy fiber-CA3 pyramidal neuron synapses. These data suggest that clinical actions of PMP could arise from differential inhibition of AMPAR or KAR signaling and that more selective drugs might maintain antiseizure efficacy while reducing adverse effects.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT PMP is a regulatory approved antiseizure drug used for refractory partial-onset and generalized tonic-clonic seizures that acts as a selective negative allosteric modulator of AMPARs. Here, we demonstrate that PMP inhibits KARs, a second family of ionotropic glutamate receptors, in addition to AMPARs. NAM activity on KARs required GluK5 subunits or Neto auxiliary subunits as channel constituents. KAR inhibition, therefore, could contribute to PMP antiseizure action or the adverse effects that are significant with this drug. Drug discovery aimed at more selective allosteric modulators that discriminate between AMPARs and KARs could yield next-generation drugs with improved therapeutic profiles for treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakiko Taniguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Jacob R Stolz
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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5
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Experimental and Computational Structural Studies of 2,3,5-Trisubstituted and 1,2,3,5-Tetrasubstituted Indoles as Non-Competitive Antagonists of GluK1/GluK2 Receptors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082479. [PMID: 35458681 PMCID: PMC9032324 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The blockade of kainate receptors, in particular with non-competitive antagonists, has—due to their anticonvulsant and neuroprotective properties—therapeutic potential in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Deciphering the structural properties of kainate receptor ligands is crucial to designing medicinal compounds that better fit the receptor binding pockets. In light of that fact, here, we report experimental and computational structural studies of four indole derivatives that are non-competitive antagonists of GluK1/GluK2 receptors. We used X-ray studies and Hirshfeld surface analysis to determine the structure of the compounds in the solid state and quantum chemical calculations to compute HOMO and LUMO orbitals and the electrostatic potential. Moreover, non-covalent interaction maps were also calculated. It is worth emphasizing that compounds 3 and 4 are achiral molecules crystallising in non-centrosymmetric space groups, which is a relatively rare phenomenon.
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6
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Rečnik LM, Thatcher RJ, Mallah S, Butts CP, Collingridge GL, Molnár E, Jane DE, Willis CL. Synthesis and pharmacological characterisation of arctigenin analogues as antagonists of AMPA and kainate receptors. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9154-9162. [PMID: 34642722 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Arctigenin and a series of new analogues have been synthesised and then tested for their potential as AMPA and kainate receptor antagonists of human homomeric GluA1 and GluK2 receptors expressed in HEK293 cells using a Ca2+ influx assay. In general, these compounds showed antagonist activity at both receptors with greater activity evident at AMPARs. Schild analysis indicates that a spirocyclic analogue 6c acts as a non-competitive antagonist. Molecular docking studies in which 6c was docked into the X-ray crystal structure of the GluA2 tetramer suggest that (-)-arctigenin and its analogues bind in the transmembrane domain in a similar manner to the known AMPA receptor non-competitive antagonists GYKI53655 and the antiepileptic drug perampanel. The arctigenin derivatives described herein may serve as novel leads for the development of drugs for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Rečnik
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK. .,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Robert J Thatcher
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Shahida Mallah
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Craig P Butts
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.,Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Elek Molnár
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David E Jane
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Christine L Willis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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7
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Li H, Li J, Guan Y, Wang Y. The emerging role of kainate receptor functional dysregulation in pain. Mol Pain 2021; 17:1744806921990944. [PMID: 33567997 PMCID: PMC7883153 DOI: 10.1177/1744806921990944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a serious clinical challenge, and is associated with a significant reduction in quality of life and high financial costs for affected patients. Research efforts have been made to explore the etiological basis of pain to guide the future treatment of patients suffering from pain conditions. Findings from studies using KA (kainate) receptor agonist, antagonists and receptor knockout mice suggested that KA receptor dysregulation and dysfunction may govern both peripheral and central sensitization in the context of pain. Additional evidence showed that KA receptor dysfunction may disrupt the finely-tuned process of glutamic acid transmission, thereby contributing to the onset of a range of pathological contexts. In the present review, we summarized major findings in recent studies which examined the roles of KA receptor dysregulation in nociceptive transmission and in pain. This timely overview of current knowledge will help to provide a framework for future developing novel therapeutic strategies to manage pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfa Li
- Department of Neurobiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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8
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Battaglia CR, Cursano S, Calzia E, Catanese A, Boeckers TM. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) alters mitochondrial morphology and function by activating the NF-kB-DRP1 axis in hippocampal neurons. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:1004. [PMID: 33230105 PMCID: PMC7683554 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal stress-adaptation combines multiple molecular responses. We have previously reported that thorax trauma induces a transient loss of hippocampal excitatory synapses mediated by the local release of the stress-related hormone corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Since a physiological synaptic activity relies also on mitochondrial functionality, we investigated the direct involvement of mitochondria in the (mal)-adaptive changes induced by the activation of neuronal CRH receptors 1 (CRHR1). We observed, in vivo and in vitro, a significant shift of mitochondrial dynamics towards fission, which correlated with increased swollen mitochondria and aberrant cristae. These morphological changes, which are associated with increased NF-kB activity and nitric oxide concentrations, correlated with a pronounced reduction of mitochondrial activity. However, ATP availability was unaltered, suggesting that neurons maintain a physiological energy metabolism to preserve them from apoptosis under CRH exposure. Our findings demonstrate that stress-induced CRHR1 activation leads to strong, but reversible, modifications of mitochondrial dynamics and morphology. These alterations are accompanied by bioenergetic defects and the reduction of neuronal activity, which are linked to increased intracellular oxidative stress, and to the activation of the NF-kB/c-Abl/DRP1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara R Battaglia
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Cursano
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,International Graduate School, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute for Anesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alberto Catanese
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Tobias M Boeckers
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany. .,DZNE, Ulm site, Ulm, Germany.
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9
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Subunit-selective iGluR antagonists can potentiate heteromeric receptor responses by blocking desensitization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25851-25858. [PMID: 32999066 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007471117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are key molecules for synaptic signaling in the central nervous system, which makes them promising drug targets. Intensive efforts are being devoted to the development of subunit-selective ligands, which should enable more precise pharmacologic interventions while limiting the effects on overall neuronal circuit function. However, many AMPA and kainate receptor complexes in vivo are heteromers composed of different subunits. Despite their importance, little is known about how subunit-selective ligands affect the gating of heteromeric iGluRs, namely their activation and desensitization properties. Using fast ligand application experiments, we studied the effects of competitive antagonists that block glutamate from binding at part of the four subunits. We found that UBP-310, a kainate receptor antagonist with high selectivity for GluK1 subunits, reduces the desensitization of GluK1/GluK2 heteromers and fully abolishes the desensitization of GluK1/GluK5 heteromers. This effect is mirrored by subunit-selective agonists and heteromeric receptors that contain binding-impaired subunits, as we show for both kainate and GluA2 AMPA receptors. These findings are consistent with a model in which incomplete agonist occupancy at the four receptor subunits can provide activation without inducing desensitization. However, we did not detect significant steady-state currents during UBP-310 dissociation from GluK1 homotetramers, indicating that antagonist dissociation proceeds in a nonuniform and cooperativity-driven manner, which disfavors nondesensitizing occupancy states. Besides providing mechanistic insights, these results have direct implications for the use of subunit-selective antagonists in neuroscience research and envisioned therapeutic interventions.
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10
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Kayser S, Temperini P, Poulie CBM, Staudt M, Nielsen B, Pickering DS, Bunch L. A Diversity Oriented Synthesis Approach to New 2,3- trans-Substituted l-Proline Analogs as Potential Ligands for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:702-714. [PMID: 32069018 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of chemical tools for the ionotropic glutamate receptors continues to be a challenging task. Herein we report a diversity-oriented approach to new 2,3-trans-l-proline analogs whereby we study how the spatial orientation of the distal carboxylate group influences the binding affinity and receptor class and subtype selectivity. In total, 10 new analogs were synthesized and 14 stereoisomers characterized in binding assays at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors, and at cloned human homomeric kainic acid (KA) receptor subtypes GluK1-3. The study identified isoxazole analogs 3d,e, which displayed selectivity in binding at native N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors over native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and KA receptors, in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range. Furthermore, analogs 3i-A/B showed a preference in binding affinity for GluK3 over GluK1,2. Finally, analog 3j displayed high nanomolar affinity for native NMDA receptors as well as for homomeric GluK3 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kayser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Piero Temperini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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11
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Møllerud S, Hansen RB, Pallesen J, Temperini P, Pasini D, Bornholt J, Nielsen B, Mamedova E, Chalupnik P, Paternain AV, Lerma J, Diaz-delCastillo M, Andreasen JT, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS, Johansen TN, Pickering DS. N-(7-(1 H-Imidazol-1-yl)-2,3-dioxo-6-(trifluoromethyl)-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-1(2 H)-yl)benzamide, a New Kainate Receptor Selective Antagonist and Analgesic: Synthesis, X-ray Crystallography, Structure-Affinity Relationships, and in Vitro and in Vivo Pharmacology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4685-4695. [PMID: 31622082 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective pharmacological tool compounds are invaluable for understanding the functions of the various ionotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. For the kainate receptors, these compounds are few. Here we have synthesized nine novel quinoxaline-2,3-diones with substitutions in the 7-position to investigate the structure-activity relationship at kainate and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. Compound 11 exhibited the highest binding affinity across GluK1-3 while having selectivity toward kainate vs AMPA receptors. Compound 11 potently inhibited glutamate evoked currents at homomeric GluK1 and GluK3 receptors in HEK293 cells with Kb values of 65 and 39 nM, respectively. The binding mode of 11 in the ligand binding domain of GluK1 was investigated by X-ray crystallography, revealing that 11 stabilizes the receptor in an open conformation, consistent with its demonstrated antagonism. Furthermore, 11 was tested for analgesic effects in the mouse tail flick test where it significantly increased tail flick latency at doses where 2,3-dioxo-6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenzo[f]-quinoxaline-7-sulfonamide (NBQX) was ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Møllerud
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rie B. Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Pallesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Piero Temperini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diletta Pasini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Bornholt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esmira Mamedova
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paulina Chalupnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ana V. Paternain
- Institute of Neuroscience, CSIC-UMH, ES-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Juan Lerma
- Institute of Neuroscience, CSIC-UMH, ES-03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Marta Diaz-delCastillo
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper T. Andreasen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S. Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy N. Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Tian Z, Clark BLM, Menard F. Kainic Acid-Based Agonists of Glutamate Receptors: SAR Analysis and Guidelines for Analog Design. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4190-4198. [PMID: 31550120 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive survey of kainic acid analogs that have been tested for their biological activity is presented. Specifically, this review (1) gathers and compares over 100 kainoids according to a relative activity scale, (2) exposes structural features required to optimize affinity for kainate receptors, and (3) suggests design rules to create next-generation KA analogs. Literature SAR data are analyzed systematically and combined with the most recent crystallographic studies. In view of the renewed interest in neuroactive molecules, this review aims to help guide the efforts of organic synthesis laboratories, as well as to inform newcomers to KA/GluK research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlin Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brianna L. M. Clark
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Frederic Menard
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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13
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Kainate receptors have different modulatory effect in seizure-like events and slow rhythmic activity in entorhinal cortex ex vivo. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:279-288. [PMID: 31550521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the neocortex, neurons form functional networks, the members of which exhibit a variable degree of synchronization. Slow rhythmic activity may be regarded as a balanced interplay of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal network activity, which is essential in learning and memory consolidation. On the other hand, seizures may be considered as hypersynchronized network states occurring in epileptic diseases. The brain slice method and multi-electrode array (MEA) systems offer a good opportunity for the modelling of cortical spontaneous activities by examining their initiation and propagation. Our main goals were to characterise and compare spontaneous activities developing in different conditions and cortical network states. The role of kainate receptors in these processes was also tested. According to our results, there are demonstrable dissimilarities between slow rhythmic activities vs. seizure-like events developing in the rat entorhinal cortex ex vivo in normal vs. epileptic conditions. Propagation velocity, time scale, activity pattern and pharmacological sensitivity are all different. Kainate receptors play a role in network activity in entorhinal cortex, they are capable to prolong the duration of the events of epileptiform activity. Their regulatory effect is more prominent under epileptic than under normal conditions.
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14
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Kumari J, Vinnakota R, Kumar J. Structural and Functional Insights into GluK3-kainate Receptor Desensitization and Recovery. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10254. [PMID: 31311973 PMCID: PMC6635489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
GluK3-kainate receptors are atypical members of the iGluR family that reside at both the pre- and postsynapse and play a vital role in the regulation of synaptic transmission. For a better understanding of structural changes that underlie receptor functions, GluK3 receptors were trapped in desensitized and resting/closed states and structures analyzed using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. While the desensitized GluK3 has domain organization as seen earlier for another kainate receptor-GluK2, antagonist bound GluK3 trapped a resting state with only two LBD domains in dimeric arrangement necessary for receptor activation. Using structures as a guide, we show that the N-linked glycans at the interface of GluK3 ATD and LBD likely mediate inter-domain interactions and attune receptor-gating properties. The mutational analysis also identified putative N-glycan interacting residues. Our results provide a molecular framework for understanding gating properties unique to GluK3 and exploring the role of N-linked glycosylation in their modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kumari
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Maharashtra, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Rajesh Vinnakota
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Maharashtra, Pune, 411007, India
| | - Janesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Membrane Protein Biology, National Centre for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, S. P. Pune University, Maharashtra, Pune, 411007, India.
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15
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Dudić A, Reiner A. Quinoxalinedione deprotonation is important for glutamate receptor binding. Biol Chem 2019; 400:927-938. [PMID: 30903748 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Quinoxalinediones are an important class of competitive antagonists at ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs), where they are widely used to block α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptor responses. In this study we utilize two prototypic quinoxalinedione antagonists, namely DNQX and CNQX, which quench the intrinsic fluorescence of the ligand binding domain (LBD), to perform in vitro binding assays. We find that binding of DNQX and CNQX at the AMPA receptor GluA2 LBD is strongly pH dependent, whereas glutamate binding is not affected by pH. We also show that the deprotonation of DNQX, CNQX and other quinoxalinediones (NBQX and YM90K) occurs close to physiological pH, which can be explained by the lactam-lactim tautomerization of the quinoxalinedione scaffold. Analysis of our binding data indicates that quinoxalinedione deprotonation is a key requirement for binding, as we find a >100-fold higher affinity for binding of the monoanionic form compared to the neutral form. This suggests a large electrostatic contribution to the interaction with a conserved arginine residue located in the binding pocket of iGluRs. The strong pH dependence of quinoxalinedione binding, which has not previously been reported, is relevant for structure-function studies, but also for the use of quinoxalinediones in physiological experiments and envisioned therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Dudić
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Reiner
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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16
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Poulie CBM, Alcaide A, Krell-Jørgensen M, Larsen Y, Astier E, Bjørn-Yoshimoto WE, Yi F, Syrenne JT, Storgaard M, Nielsen B, Frydenvang KA, Jensen AA, Hansen KB, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Design and Synthesis of 2,3- trans-Proline Analogues as Ligands for Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors and Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2989-3007. [PMID: 31124660 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of pharmacological tools for the ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) is imperative for the study and understanding of the role and function of these receptors in the central nervous system. We report the synthesis of 18 analogues of (2 S,3 R)-2-carboxy-3-pyrrolidine acetic acid (3a), which explores the effect of introducing a substituent on the ε-carbon (3c-q). A new synthetic method was developed for the efficient synthesis of racemic 3a and applied to give expedited access to 13 racemic analogues of 3a. Pharmacological characterization was carried out at native iGluRs, cloned homomeric kainate receptors (GluK1-3), NMDA receptors (GluN1/GluN2A-D), and excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1-3). From the structure-activity relationship studies, several new ligands emerged, exemplified by triazole 3p-d1, GluK3-preferring (GluK1/GluK3 Ki ratio of 15), and the structurally closely related tetrazole 3q-s3-4 that displayed 4.4-100-fold preference as an antagonist for the GluN1/GluN2A receptor ( Ki = 0.61 μM) over GluN1/GluN2B-D ( Ki = 2.7-62 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian B. M. Poulie
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anna Alcaide
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Krell-Jørgensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Younes Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Eloi Astier
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Walden E. Bjørn-Yoshimoto
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jed T. Syrenne
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Morten Storgaard
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Karla A. Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anders A. Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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17
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Mironiuk-Puchalska E, Buchowicz W, Grześkowiak P, Wińska P, Wielechowska M, Karatsai O, Rędowicz MJ, Bretner M, Koszytkowska-Stawińska M. Potential bioisosteres of β-uracilalanines derived from 1H-1,2,3-triazole-C-carboxylic acids. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:500-510. [PMID: 30453142 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The 1H-1,2,3-triazole-originated derivatives of willardiine were obtained by: (i) construction of the 1H-1,2,3-triazole ring in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the uracil-derived azides and the carboxylate-bearing alkynes or α-acylphosphorus ylide, or (ii) N-alkylation of the uracil derivative with the 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate-derived mesylate. The latter method offered: (i) reproducible results, (ii) a significant reduction of amounts of auxiliary materials, (iii) reduction in wastes and (iv) reduction in a number of manual operations required for obtaining the reaction product. Compound 6a exhibited significant binding affinity to hHS1S2I ligand-binding domain of GluR2 receptor (EC50 = 2.90 µM) and decreased viability of human astrocytoma MOG-G-CCM cells in higher extent than known AMPA antagonist GYKI 52466.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Mironiuk-Puchalska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Buchowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Grześkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Wińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Wielechowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olena Karatsai
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Jolanta Rędowicz
- Laboratory of Molecular Basis of Cell Motility, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 3 Pasteur St., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bretner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Scholefield CL, Atlason PT, Jane DE, Molnár E. Assembly and Trafficking of Homomeric and Heteromeric Kainate Receptors with Impaired Ligand Binding Sites. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:585-599. [PMID: 30302614 PMCID: PMC6420462 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Kainate receptors (KARs) are a subfamily of ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediating excitatory synaptic transmission. Cell surface expressed KARs modulate the excitability of neuronal networks. The transfer of iGluRs from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface requires occupation of the agonist binding sites. Here we used molecular modelling to produce a range of ligand binding domain (LBD) point mutants of GluK1-3 KAR subunits with and without altered agonist efficacy to further investigate the role of glutamate binding in surface trafficking and activation of homomeric and heteromeric KARs using endoglycosidase digestion, cell surface biotinylation and imaging of changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i. Mutations of conserved amino acid residues in the LBD that disrupt agonist binding to GluK1-3 (GluK1-T675V, GluK2-A487L, GluK2-T659V and GluK3-T661V) reduced both the total expression levels and cell surface delivery of all of these mutant subunits compared to the corresponding wild type in transiently transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. In contrast, the exchange of non-conserved residues in the LBD that convert antagonist selectivity of GluK1-3 (GluK1-T503A, GluK2-A487T, GluK3-T489A, GluK1-N705S/S706N, GluK2-S689N/N690S, GluK3-N691S) did not alter the biosynthesis and trafficking of subunit proteins. Co-assembly of mutant GluK2 with an impaired LBD and wild type GluK5 subunits enables the cell surface expression of both subunits. However, [Ca2+]i imaging indicates that the occupancy of both GluK2 and GluK5 LBDs is required for the full activation of GluK2/GluK5 heteromeric KAR channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Scholefield
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Palmi T Atlason
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - David E Jane
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Elek Molnár
- Centre for Synaptic Plasticity, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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19
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Blakemore LJ, Corthell JT, Trombley PQ. Kainate Receptors Play a Role in Modulating Synaptic Transmission in the Olfactory Bulb. Neuroscience 2018; 391:25-49. [PMID: 30213766 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate is the neurotransmitter used at most excitatory synapses in the mammalian brain, including those in the olfactory bulb (OB). There, ionotropic glutamate receptors including N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) play a role in processes such as reciprocal inhibition and glomerular synchronization. Kainate receptors (KARs) represent another type of ionotropic glutamate receptor, which are composed of five (GluK1-GluK5) subunits. Whereas KARs appear to be heterogeneously expressed in the OB, evidence as to whether these KARs are functional, found at synapses, or modify synaptic transmission is limited. In the present study, coapplication of KAR agonists (kainate, SYM 2081) and AMPAR antagonists (GYKI 52466, SYM 2206) demonstrated that functional KARs are expressed by OB neurons, with a subset of receptors located at synapses. Application of kainate and the GluK1-selective agonist ATPA had modulatory effects on excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by stimulation of the olfactory nerve layer. Application of kainate and ATPA also had modulatory effects on reciprocal inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) evoked using a protocol that evokes dendrodendritic inhibition. The latter finding suggests that KARs, with relatively slow kinetics, may play a role in circuits in which the relatively brief duration of AMPAR-mediated currents limits the role of AMPARs in synaptic transmission (e.g., reciprocal inhibition at dendrodendritic synapses). Collectively, our findings suggest that KARs, including those containing the GluK1 subunit, modulate excitatory and inhibitory transmission in the OB. These data further suggest that KARs participate in the regulation of synaptic circuits that encode odor information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Blakemore
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - John T Corthell
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Paul Q Trombley
- Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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20
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Demmer CS, Rombach D, Liu N, Nielsen B, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Revisiting the Quinoxalinedione Scaffold in the Construction of New Ligands for the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:2477-2495. [PMID: 28872835 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two decades ago, the quinoxalinedione scaffold was shown to act as an α-amino acid bioisoster. Following extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, the antagonists DNQX, CNQX, and NBQX in the ionotropic glutamate receptor field were identified. In this work, we revisit the quinoxalinedione scaffold and explore the incorporation of an acid functionality in the 6-position. The SAR studies disclose that by this strategy it was possible to tune in iGluR selectivity among the AMPA, NMDA, and KA receptors, and to some extent also obtain full receptor subtype selectivity. Highlights of the study of 44 new analogues are compound 2m being a high affinity ligand for native AMPA receptors (IC50= 0.48 μM), analogues 2e,f,h,k,v all displayed selectivity for native NMDA receptors, and compounds 2s,t,u are selective ligand for the GluK1 receptor. Most interestingly, compound 2w was shown to be a GluK3-preferring ligand with full selectivity over native AMPA, KA and NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S. Demmer
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - David Rombach
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology,
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
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21
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Szymańska E, Chałupnik P, Szczepańska K, Cuñado Moral AM, Pickering DS, Nielsen B, Johansen TN, Kieć-Kononowicz K. Design, synthesis and structure-activity relationships of novel phenylalanine-based amino acids as kainate receptors ligands. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5568-5572. [PMID: 27765511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new series of carboxyaryl-substituted phenylalanines was designed, synthesized and pharmacologically characterized in vitro at native rat ionotropic glutamate receptors as well as at cloned homomeric kainate receptors GluK1-GluK3. Among them, six compounds bound to GluK1 receptor subtypes with reasonable affinity (Ki values in the range of 4.9-7.5μM). A structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the obtained series, focused mainly on the pharmacological effect of structural modifications in the 4- and 5-position of the phenylalanine ring, was established. To illustrate the results, molecular docking of the synthesized series to the X-ray structure of GluK1 ligand binding core was performed. The influence of individual substituents at the phenylalanine ring for both the affinity and selectivity at AMPA, GluK1 and GluK3 receptors was analyzed, giving directions for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Paulina Chałupnik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Szczepańska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Ana Maria Cuñado Moral
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Kieć-Kononowicz
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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22
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Alcaide A, Marconi L, Marek A, Haym I, Nielsen B, Møllerud S, Jensen M, Conti P, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of the selective GluK1 radioligand (S)-2-amino-3-(6-[3H]-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)propanoic acid ([3H]-NF608). MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00339g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Expedite synthesis of [3H]NF608 – a new subtype selective GluK1 radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alcaide
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Laura Marconi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
| | - Ales Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences
- Prague 6
- Czech Republic
| | - Isabell Haym
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Stine Møllerud
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Mikael Jensen
- Nutech Hevesy Laboratory
- The Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences
- University of Copenhagen
- Denmark
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23
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Szymanska E, Frydenvang K, Pickering DS, Krintel C, Nielsen B, Kooshki A, Zachariassen LG, Olsen L, Kastrup JS, Johansen TN. Studies on Aryl-Substituted Phenylalanines: Synthesis, Activity, and Different Binding Modes at AMPA Receptors. J Med Chem 2015; 59:448-61. [PMID: 26653877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic aryl-substituted phenylalanines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro at recombinant rat GluA1-3, at GluK1-3, and at native AMPA receptors. The individual enantiomers of two target compounds, (RS)-2-amino-3-(3,4-dichloro-5-(5-hydroxypyridin-3-yl)phenyl)propanoic acid 37 and (RS)-2-amino-3-(3'-hydroxybiphenyl-3-yl)propanoic acid 38, were characterized. (S)-37 and (R)-38 were identified as the only biologically active isomers, both being antagonists at GluA2 receptors with Kb of 1.80 and 3.90 μM, respectively. To address this difference in enantiopharmacology, not previously seen for amino acid-based AMPA receptor antagonists, X-ray crystal structures of both eutomers in complex with the GluA2 ligand binding domain were solved. The cocrystal structures of (S)-37 and (R)-38 showed similar interactions of the amino acid parts but unexpected and different orientations and interactions of the biaromatic parts of the ligands inside the binding site, with (R)-38 having a binding mode not previously identified for amino acid-based antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szymanska
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karla Frydenvang
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Krintel
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayesheh Kooshki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linda G Zachariassen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy N Johansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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24
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Demmer CS, Møller C, Brown PMGE, Han L, Pickering DS, Nielsen B, Bowie D, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS, Bunch L. Binding mode of an α-amino acid-linked quinoxaline-2,3-dione analogue at glutamate receptor subtype GluK1. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:845-54. [PMID: 25856736 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two α-amino acid-functionalized quinoxalines, 1a (CNG-10301) and 1b (CNG-10300), of a quinoxaline moiety coupled to an amino acid moiety were designed, synthesized, and characterized pharmacologically. While 1a displayed low affinity at native AMPA, KA, and NMDA receptors, and at homomeric GluK1,3 receptors, the affinity for GluK2 was in the midmicromolar range (Ki = 136 μM), 1b displayed low to midmicromolar range binding affinity at all the iGluRs (Ki = 9-126 μM). In functional experiments (outside-out patches excised from transfected HEK293T cells), 100 μM 1a partially blocked GluK1 (33% peak response), while GluK2 was unaffected (96% peak response). Furthermore, 1a was shown not to be an agonist at GluK1 and GluK2 at 100 μM. On the other hand, 100 μM 1b fully antagonized GluK1 (8% peak response) but only partially blocked GluK2 (33% peak response). An X-ray structure at 2.3 Å resolution of 1b in the GluK1-LBD (ligand-binding domain) disclosed an unexpected binding mode compared to the predictions made during the design phase; the quinoxaline moiety remains to act as an amino acid bioisostere, but the amino acid moiety is oriented into a new area within the GluK1 receptor. The structure of the GluK1-LBD with 1b showed a large variation in domain openings of the three molecules from 25° to 49°, demonstrating that the GluK1-LBD is capable of undergoing major domain movements.
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25
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Schiavini P, Dawe GB, Bowie D, Moitessier N. Discovery of novel small-molecule antagonists for GluK2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2416-20. [PMID: 25913117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
KA receptors have shown to be potential therapeutic targets in CNS diseases such as schizophrenia, depression, neuropathic pain and epilepsy. Through the use of our docking tool Fitted, we investigated the relationship between ligand activity towards GluK2 and the conformational state induced at the receptor level. By focusing our rational design on the interaction between the ligand and a tyrosine residue in the binding site, we synthesized a series of molecules based on a glutamate scaffold, and carried out electrophysiological recordings. The observed ability of some of these molecules to inhibit receptor activation shows the potential of our design for the development of effective antagonists with a molecular size comparable to that of the endogenous neurotransmitter L-glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Schiavini
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - G Brent Dawe
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Derek Bowie
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill University, 3649 Promenade Sir William Osler, Montréal, Québec H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Nicolas Moitessier
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec H3A 0B8, Canada.
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26
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Cao Z, Zou X, Cui Y, Hulsizer S, Lein PJ, Wulff H, Pessah IN. Rapid throughput analysis demonstrates that chemicals with distinct seizurogenic mechanisms differentially alter Ca2+ dynamics in networks formed by hippocampal neurons in culture. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 87:595-605. [PMID: 25583085 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.096701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cultured hippocampal neurons (HN) form functional networks displaying synchronous Ca(2+) oscillations (SCOs) whose patterns influence plasticity. Whether chemicals with distinct seizurogenic mechanisms differentially alter SCO patterns was investigated using mouse HN loaded with the Ca(2+) indicator fluo-4-AM. Intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics were recorded from 96 wells simultaneously in real-time using fluorescent imaging plate reader. Although quiescent at 4 days in vitro (DIV), HN acquired distinctive SCO patterns as they matured to form extensive dendritic networks by 16 DIV. Challenge with kainate, a kainate receptor (KAR) agonist, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a K(+) channel blocker, or pilocarpine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, caused distinct changes in SCO dynamics. Kainate at <1 µM produced a rapid rise in baseline Ca(2+) (Phase I response) associated with high-frequency and low-amplitude SCOs (Phase II response), whereas SCOs were completely repressed with >1 µM kainate. KAR competitive antagonist CNQX [6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione] (1-10 µM) normalized Ca(2+) dynamics to the prekainate pattern. Pilocarpine lacked Phase I activity but caused a sevenfold prolongation of Phase II SCOs without altering either their frequency or amplitude, an effect normalized by atropine (0.3-1 µM). 4-AP (1-30 µM) elicited a delayed Phase I response associated with persistent high-frequency, low-amplitude SCOs, and these disturbances were mitigated by pretreatment with the KCa activator SKA-31 [naphtho[1,2-d]thiazol-2-ylamine]. Consistent with its antiepileptic and neuroprotective activities, nonselective voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channel blocker lamotrigine partially resolved kainate- and pilocarpine-induced Ca(2+) dysregulation. This rapid throughput approach can discriminate among distinct seizurogenic mechanisms that alter Ca(2+) dynamics in neuronal networks and may be useful in screening antiepileptic drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Xiaohan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Yanjun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Susan Hulsizer
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Pamela J Lein
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Heike Wulff
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
| | - Isaac N Pessah
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Provincial Key laboratory for TCM Evaluation and Translational Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China (Z.C., X.Z., Y.C.); Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine (Z.C., Y.C., S.H., P.J.L., I.N.P.) and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (H.W.),University of California, Davis, California
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27
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Pinto A, Tamborini L, Mastronardi F, Ettari R, Safoz Y, Bunch L, Nielsen B, Jensen AA, De Micheli C, Conti P. Synthesis of (3-hydroxy-pyrazolin-5-yl)glycine based ligands interacting with ionotropic glutamate receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 75:151-8. [PMID: 24531228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Following the concept that increasing the molecular complexity may enhance the receptor selectivity, we replaced the 3-hydroxy-isoxazoline ring of model compound tricholomic acid with a 3-hydroxy-pyrazoline ring, which could be variously decorated at the N1 position, inserting groups characterized by different electronic and steric properties. Binding assays on rat brain synaptic membranes showed that, depending on the nature of the substituent, some of the new synthesized ligands interacted with either AMPA or KA receptors, with affinities in the mid-micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pinto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Lucia Tamborini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Mastronardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Yeliz Safoz
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy; Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen OE, Denmark
| | - Carlo De Micheli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Conti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
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28
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Wittkowski KM, Sonakya V, Bigio B, Tonn MK, Shic F, Ascano M, Nasca C, Gold-Von Simson G. A novel computational biostatistics approach implies impaired dephosphorylation of growth factor receptors as associated with severity of autism. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e354. [PMID: 24473445 PMCID: PMC3905234 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2013.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased 20-fold over the past 50 years to >1% of US children. Although twin studies attest to a high degree of heritability, the genetic risk factors are still poorly understood. We analyzed data from two independent populations using u-statistics for genetically structured wide-locus data and added data from unrelated controls to explore epistasis. To account for systematic, but disease-unrelated differences in (non-randomized) genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a correlation between P-values and minor allele frequency with low granularity data and for conducting multiple tests in overlapping genetic regions, we present a novel study-specific criterion for 'genome-wide significance'. From recent results in a comorbid disease, childhood absence epilepsy, we had hypothesized that axonal guidance and calcium signaling are involved in autism as well. Enrichment of the results in both studies with related genes confirms this hypothesis. Additional ASD-specific variations identified in this study suggest protracted growth factor signaling as causing more severe forms of ASD. Another cluster of related genes suggests chloride and potassium ion channels as additional ASD-specific drug targets. The involvement of growth factors suggests the time of accelerated neuronal growth and pruning at 9-24 months of age as the period during which treatment with ion channel modulators would be most effective in preventing progression to more severe forms of autism. By extension, the same computational biostatistics approach could yield profound insights into the etiology of many common diseases from the genetic data collected over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Wittkowski
- The Rockefeller University, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Sonakya
- The Rockefeller University, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Bigio
- The Rockefeller University, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - M K Tonn
- Hochschule Koblenz, RheinAhrCampus, Joseph-Rovan-Allee 2, Remagen, Germany
| | - F Shic
- Yale School of Medicine, Yale Autism Program, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Ascano
- Tuschl Laboratory of RNA Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Nasca
- McEwen Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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29
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Martinez-Perez JA, Iyengar S, Shannon HE, Bleakman D, Alt A, Clawson DK, Arnold BM, Bell MG, Bleisch TJ, Castaño AM, Del Prado M, Dominguez E, Escribano AM, Filla SA, Ho KH, Hudziak KJ, Jones CK, Mateo A, Mathes BM, Mattiuz EL, Ogden AML, Simmons RMA, Stack DR, Stratford RE, Winter MA, Wu Z, Ornstein PL. GluK1 antagonists from 6-(tetrazolyl)phenyl decahydroisoquinoline derivatives: In vitro profile and in vivo analgesic efficacy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6463-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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30
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Martinez-Perez JA, Iyengar S, Shannon HE, Bleakman D, Alt A, Arnold BM, Bell MG, Bleisch TJ, Castaño AM, Del Prado M, Dominguez E, Escribano AM, Filla SA, Ho KH, Hudziak KJ, Jones CK, Mateo A, Mathes BM, Mattiuz EL, Ogden AML, Simmons RMA, Stack DR, Stratford RE, Winter MA, Wu Z, Ornstein PL. GluK1 antagonists from 6-(carboxy)phenyl decahydroisoquinoline derivatives. SAR and evaluation of a prodrug strategy for oral efficacy in pain models. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6459-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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31
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Venskutonytė R, Frydenvang K, Gajhede M, Bunch L, Pickering DS, Kastrup JS. Binding site and interlobe interactions of the ionotropic glutamate receptor GluK3 ligand binding domain revealed by high resolution crystal structure in complex with (S)-glutamate. J Struct Biol 2011; 176:307-14. [PMID: 21907808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are involved in excitatory signal transmission throughout the central nervous system and their malfunction is associated with various health disorders. GluK3 is a subunit of iGluRs, belonging to the subfamily of kainate receptors (GluK1-5). Several crystal structures of GluK1 and GluK2 ligand binding domains have been determined in complex with agonists and antagonists. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying GluK3 ligand binding properties and no compounds displaying reasonable selectivity towards GluK3 are available today. Here, we present the first X-ray crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of GluK3 in complex with glutamate, determined to 1.6Å resolution. The structure reveals a conserved glutamate binding mode, characteristic for iGluRs, and a water molecule network in the glutamate binding site similar to that seen in GluK1. In GluK3, a slightly lower degree of domain closure around glutamate is observed compared to most other kainate receptor structures with glutamate. The volume of the GluK3 glutamate binding cavity was found to be of intermediate size between those of GluK1 and GluK2. The residues in GluK3 contributing to the subfamily differences in the binding sites are primarily: Thr520, Ala691, Asn722, Leu736 and Thr742. The GluK3 ligand binding domain seems to be less stabilized through interlobe interactions than GluK1 and this may contribute to the faster desensitization kinetics of GluK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raminta Venskutonytė
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Venskutonytė R, Butini S, Sanna Coccone S, Gemma S, Brindisi M, Kumar V, Guarino E, Maramai S, Valenti S, Amir A, Valadés EA, Frydenvang K, Kastrup JS, Novellino E, Campiani G, Pickering DS. Selective Kainate Receptor (GluK1) Ligands Structurally Based upon 1H-Cyclopentapyrimidin-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Pharmacological and Biostructural Characterization. J Med Chem 2011; 54:4793-805. [DOI: 10.1021/jm2004078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università di Napoli Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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