1
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Simpson JB, Walker ME, Sekela JJ, Ivey SM, Jariwala PB, Storch CM, Kowalewski ME, Graboski AL, Lietzan AD, Walton WG, Davis KA, Cloer EW, Borlandelli V, Hsiao YC, Roberts LR, Perlman DH, Liang X, Overkleeft HS, Bhatt AP, Lu K, Redinbo MR. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:925-944.e10. [PMID: 38754417 PMCID: PMC11176022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hormones and neurotransmitters are essential to homeostasis, and their disruptions are connected to diseases ranging from cancer to anxiety. The differential reactivation of endobiotic glucuronides by gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes may influence interindividual differences in the onset and treatment of disease. Using multi-omic, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we show that germ-free mice have reduced levels of active endobiotics and that distinct gut microbial Loop 1 and FMN GUS enzymes drive hormone and neurotransmitter reactivation. We demonstrate that a range of FDA-approved drugs prevent this reactivation by intercepting the catalytic cycle of the enzymes in a conserved fashion. Finally, we find that inhibiting GUS in conventional mice reduces free serotonin and increases its inactive glucuronide in the serum and intestines. Our results illuminate the indispensability of gut microbial enzymes in sustaining endobiotic homeostasis and indicate that therapeutic disruptions of this metabolism promote interindividual response variabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Morgan E Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua J Sekela
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Ivey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parth B Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron M Storch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark E Kowalewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Graboski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam D Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kacey A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica W Cloer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lee R Roberts
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - David H Perlman
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Xue Liang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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2
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Field SL, Galvan EA, Hernandez LL, Laporta J. Exploring the contribution of mammary-derived serotonin on liver and pancreas metabolism during lactation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304910. [PMID: 38837989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During lactation, the murine mammary gland is responsible for a significant increase in circulating serotonin. However, the role of mammary-derived serotonin in energy homeostasis during lactation is unclear. To investigate this, we utilized C57/BL6J mice with a lactation and mammary-specific deletion of the gene coding for the rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis (TPH1, Wap-Cre x TPH1FL/FL) to understand the metabolic contributions of mammary-derived serotonin during lactation. Circulating serotonin was reduced by approximately 50% throughout lactation in Wap-Cre x TPH1FL/FL mice compared to wild-type mice (TPH1FL/FL), with mammary gland and liver serotonin content reduced on L21. The Wap-Cre x TPH1FL/FL mice had less serotonin and insulin immunostaining in the pancreatic islets on L21, resulting in reduced circulating insulin but no changes in glucose. The mammary glands of Wap-Cre x TPH1FL/FL mice had larger mammary alveolar areas, with fewer and smaller intra-lobular adipocytes, and increased expression of milk protein genes (e.g., WAP, CSN2, LALBA) compared to TPH1FL/FL mice. No changes in feed intake, body composition, or estimated milk yield were observed between groups. Taken together, mammary-derived serotonin appears to contribute to the pancreas-mammary cross-talk during lactation with potential implications in the regulation of insulin homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena L Field
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Everardo Anta Galvan
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Laura L Hernandez
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Jimena Laporta
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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3
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Khoo SC, Zhang N, Luang-In V, Goh MS, Sonne C, Ma NL. Exploring environmental exposomes and the gut-brain nexus: Unveiling the impact of pesticide exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118441. [PMID: 38350544 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
This review delves into the escalating concern of environmental pollutants and their profound impact on human health in the context of the modern surge in global diseases. The utilisation of chemicals in food production, which results in residues in food, has emerged as a major concern nowadays. By exploring the intricate relationship between environmental pollutants and gut microbiota, the study reveals a dynamic bidirectional interplay, as modifying microbiota profile influences metabolic pathways and subsequent brain functions. This review will first provide an overview of potential exposomes and their effect to gut health. This paper is then emphasis the connection of gut brain function by analysing microbiome markers with neurotoxicity responses. We then take pesticide as example of exposome to elucidate their influence to biomarkers biosynthesis pathways and subsequent brain functions. The interconnection between neuroendocrine and neuromodulators elements and the gut-brain axis emerges as a pivotal factor in regulating mental health and brain development. Thus, manipulation of gut microbiota function at the onset of stress may offer a potential avenue for the prevention and treatment for mental disorder and other neurodegenerative illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Ching Khoo
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nan Zhang
- Synerk Biotech, BioBay, Suzhou, 215000, China; Neuroscience Program, Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Vijitra Luang-In
- Natural Antioxidant Innovation Research Unit, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang, Kantharawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Meng Shien Goh
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Danish Centre for Environment and Energy (DCE), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Nyuk Ling Ma
- Biological Security and Sustainability (BioSES) Research Interest Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Center for Global Health Research (CGHR), Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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4
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Kondo T, Okada Y, Shizuya S, Yamaguchi N, Hatakeyama S, Maruyama K. Neuroimmune modulation by tryptophan derivatives in neurological and inflammatory disorders. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151418. [PMID: 38729083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nervous and immune systems are highly developed, and each performs specialized physiological functions. However, they work together, and their dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Specialized molecules, such as neurotransmitters, cytokines, and more general metabolites, are essential for the appropriate regulation of both systems. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is converted into functional molecules such as serotonin and kynurenine, both of which play important roles in the nervous and immune systems. The role of kynurenine metabolites in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases has recently received particular attention. Recently, we found that hyperactivity of the kynurenine pathway is a critical risk factor for septic shock. In this review, we first outline neuroimmune interactions and tryptophan derivatives and then summarized the changes in tryptophan metabolism in neurological disorders. Finally, we discuss the potential of tryptophan derivatives as therapeutic targets for neuroimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kondo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Saika Shizuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-0012, Japan
| | - Naoko Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8636, Japan
| | - Kenta Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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5
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Litteral V, Migliozzi R, Metzger D, McPherson C, Saldanha R. Engineering a Cortisol Sensing Enteric Probiotic. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5163-5175. [PMID: 37647169 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress can lead to prolonged adrenal gland secretion of cortisol, resulting in human ailments such as anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, immunosuppression, and cardiomyopathy. Real time monitoring of chronic increases in cortisol and intervening therapies to minimize the physiological effects of stress would be beneficial to prevent these endocrine related illnesses. Gut microbiota have shown the ability to secrete, respond, and even regulate endocrine hormones. One such microbe, Clostridium scindens, responds transcriptionally to cortisol. We engineered these cortisol responsive genetic elements from C. scindens into an enteric probiotic, E. coli Nissle 1917, to drive the expression of a fluorescent reporter allowing for the designing, testing, and building of a robust and physiologically relevant novel cortisol probiotic sensor. This smart probiotic was further engineered to be more sensitive and to respond to elevated cortisol by expressing tryptophan decarboxylase, thereby bestowing the ability to generate tryptamine and serotonin. Here we show that upon cortisol treatment the smart probiotic produces measurable amounts of tryptamine. Accumulated levels of these neuromodulators should improve mood, anxiety, and depression and drive down cortisol levels. Importantly, this work can serve as a model for the engineering of a sense-and-respond probiotic to modulate the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaughn Litteral
- UES Corporation, 4401 Dayton-Xenia Avenue, Beavercreek, Ohio 45432-1805, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Bioengineering Division, Applied Biotechnology Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Rebecca Migliozzi
- UES Corporation, 4401 Dayton-Xenia Avenue, Beavercreek, Ohio 45432-1805, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Bioengineering Division, Applied Biotechnology Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - David Metzger
- UES Corporation, 4401 Dayton-Xenia Avenue, Beavercreek, Ohio 45432-1805, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Bioengineering Division, Applied Biotechnology Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Craig McPherson
- UES Corporation, 4401 Dayton-Xenia Avenue, Beavercreek, Ohio 45432-1805, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Bioengineering Division, Applied Biotechnology Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Roland Saldanha
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711 Human Performance Wing, Airman Bioengineering Division, Applied Biotechnology Branch, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, United States
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6
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Yu J, Vogt MC, Fox BW, Wrobel CJJ, Fajardo Palomino D, Curtis BJ, Zhang B, Le HH, Tauffenberger A, Hobert O, Schroeder FC. Parallel pathways for serotonin biosynthesis and metabolism in C. elegans. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:141-150. [PMID: 36216995 PMCID: PMC9898190 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin plays a central role in animal behavior and physiology, and many of its functions are regulated via evolutionarily conserved biosynthesis and degradation pathways. Here we show that in Caenorhabditis elegans, serotonin is abundantly produced in nonneuronal tissues via phenylalanine hydroxylase, in addition to canonical biosynthesis via tryptophan hydroxylase in neurons. Combining CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, comparative metabolomics and synthesis, we demonstrate that most serotonin in C. elegans is incorporated into N-acetylserotonin-derived glucosides, which are retained in the worm body and further modified via the carboxylesterase CEST-4. Expression patterns of CEST-4 suggest that serotonin or serotonin derivatives are transported between different tissues. Last, we show that bacterial indole production interacts with serotonin metabolism via CEST-4. Our results reveal a parallel pathway for serotonin biosynthesis in nonneuronal cell types and further indicate that serotonin-derived metabolites may serve distinct signaling functions and contribute to previously described serotonin-dependent phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Yu
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Merly C Vogt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bennett W Fox
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chester J J Wrobel
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Diana Fajardo Palomino
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian J Curtis
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Henry H Le
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Tauffenberger
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Oliver Hobert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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7
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Kwon YH, Banskota S, Wang H, Rossi L, Grondin JA, Syed SA, Yousefi Y, Schertzer JD, Morrison KM, Wade MG, Holloway AC, Surette MG, Steinberg GR, Khan WI. Chronic exposure to synthetic food colorant Allura Red AC promotes susceptibility to experimental colitis via intestinal serotonin in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7617. [PMID: 36539404 PMCID: PMC9768151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemicals in food are widely used leading to significant human exposure. Allura Red AC (AR) is a highly common synthetic colorant; however, little is known about its impact on colitis. Here, we show chronic exposure of AR at a dose found in commonly consumed dietary products exacerbates experimental models of colitis in mice. While intermittent exposure is more akin to a typical human exposure, intermittent exposure to AR in mice for 12 weeks, does not influence susceptibility to colitis. However, exposure to AR during early life primes mice to heightened susceptibility to colitis. In addition, chronic exposure to AR induces mild colitis, which is associated with elevated colonic serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) levels and impairment of the epithelial barrier function via myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). Importantly, chronic exposure to AR does not influence colitis susceptibility in mice lacking tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), the rate limiting enzyme for 5-HT biosynthesis. Cecal transfer of the perturbed gut microbiota by AR exposure worsens colitis severity in the recipient germ-free (GF) mice. Furthermore, chronic AR exposure elevates colonic 5-HT levels in naïve GF mice. Though it remains unknown whether AR has similar effects in humans, our study reveals that chronic long-term exposure to a common synthetic colorant promotes experimental colitis via colonic 5-HT in gut microbiota-dependent and -independent pathway in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Han Kwon
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Huaqing Wang
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Laura Rossi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jensine A. Grondin
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Saad A. Syed
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Yeganeh Yousefi
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Jonathan D. Schertzer
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Katherine M. Morrison
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Michael G. Wade
- grid.57544.370000 0001 2110 2143Environmental Health, Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Alison C. Holloway
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Michael G. Surette
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Gregory R. Steinberg
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Center for Metabolism, Obesity, and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Waliul I. Khan
- grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada ,grid.25073.330000 0004 1936 8227Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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Simpson JB, Redinbo MR. Multi-omic analysis of host-microbial interactions central to the gut-brain axis. Mol Omics 2022; 18:896-907. [PMID: 36169030 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota impact numerous aspects of human physiology, including the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging work is now focusing on the microbial factors underlying the bi-directional communication network linking host and microbial systems within the gastrointestinal tract to the CNS, the "gut-brain axis". Neurotransmitters are key coordinators of this network, and their dysregulation has been linked to numerous neurological disease states. As the bioavailability of neurotransmitters is modified by gut microbes, it is critical to unravel the influence of the microbiota on neurotransmitters in the context of the gut-brain axis. Here we review foundational studies that defined molecular relationships between the microbiota, neurotransmitters, and the gut-brain axis. We examine links between the gut microbiome, behavior, and neurological diseases, as well as microbial influences on neurotransmitter bioavailability and physiology. Finally, we review multi-omics technologies uniquely applicable to this area, including high-throughput genetics, modern metabolomics, structure-guided metagenomics, targeted proteomics, and chemogenetics. Interdisciplinary studies will continue to drive the discovery of molecular mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to clinical manifestations of neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, and the Integrated Program in Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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9
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Haleem DJ. Nutritional importance of tryptophan for improving treatment in depression and diabetes. Nutr Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The importance of nutrients in our diet is becoming increasingly recognized. From the viewpoint of protein synthesis and other physiologic and metabolic functions, all amino acids are important, but some of these amino acids are not synthesized endogenously. This subset, called essential amino acids, comprise dietarily indispensable nutrients. Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, is the sole precursor of neuronal as well as peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine). Its systemic or oral administration increases serotonin synthesis because tryptophan hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of 5-hydroxytryptamine biosynthesis, is physiologically unsaturated with its substrate. Central serotonin is implicated in a number of psychiatric illnesses, including depression, and in responses to stress. Acting peripherally, serotonin affects vasoconstriction, intestinal motility, control of T cell–mediated immunity, and liver and pancreatic functions. Depression and diabetes are 2 highly prevalent diseases that often coexist. There is evidence that occurrence of depression is 2–3 times higher in people with diabetes mellitus. A comorbid condition of diabetes and depression worsens the treatment and increases risk for death. Stress, known for its causal role in depression, can also enhance risk for diabetes. Stress-induced decreases in the circulating levels of tryptophan can impair brain and pancreatic serotonin-dependent functions to precipitate these diseases. The importance of tryptophan supplementation for improving therapeutic intervention in depression and diabetes is the focus of this article. A deficiency of this essential amino acid may enhance risk for depression as well as diabetes, and can also weaken treatment efficacy of medicinal compounds for treating these diseases. Guidelines for optimal levels of circulating tryptophan can help if supplements of this amino acid can improve treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darakhshan Jabeen Haleem
- University of Karachi Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Dr Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine & Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, and the Department of Biochemistry, Neurochemistry and Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, , Karachi, Pakistan
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10
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Cai Y, Li X, Zhou H, Zhou J. The serotonergic system dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:899069. [PMID: 35910256 PMCID: PMC9331500 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.899069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most peripheral serotonin (5-HT) is synthesized in enterochromaffin cells, and most circulating 5-HT is stored in platelets. As a monoamine, 5-HT has several functions in various non-neuronal and neuronal systems. In the central nervous system, it functions as a neurotransmitter to modulate feeding behavior and mood. Numerous clinical trials have focused on increasing 5-HT activation in the central nervous system, including those involving anti-obesity drugs currently in the market, although severe side effects on peripheral system can lead to the withdrawal of certain drugs. Recent studies have revealed that both the peripheral and central serotonergic systems play a vital role in diabetes and its complications. This review summarizes the roles of the serotonergic system in blood glucose regulation, diabetic macroangiopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and diabetic encephalopathy, indicating its potential clinical significance as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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11
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Barra NG, Kwon YH, Morrison KM, Steinberg GR, Wade MG, Khan WI, Vijayan MM, Schertzer JD, Holloway AC. Increased gut serotonin production in response to bisphenol A structural analogs may contribute to their obesogenic effects. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 323:E80-E091. [PMID: 35575233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00049.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesogens are synthetic, environmental chemicals that can disrupt endocrine control of metabolism and contribute to the risk of obesity and metabolic disease. Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the most studied obesogens. There is considerable evidence that BPA exposure is associated with weight gain, increased adiposity, poor blood glucose control, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in animal models and human populations. Increased usage of structural analogs of BPA has occurred in response to legislation banning their use in some commercial products. However, BPA analogs may also cause some of the same metabolic impairments because of common mechanisms of action. One key effector that is altered by BPA and its analogs is serotonin, however, it is unknown if BPA-induced changes in peripheral serotonin pathways underlie metabolic perturbations seen with BPA exposure. Upon ingestion, BPA and its analogs act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the gastrointestinal tract to influence serotonin production by the gut, where over 95% of serotonin is produced. The purpose of this review is to evaluate how BPA and its analogs alter gut serotonin regulation and then discuss how disruption of serotonergic networks influences host metabolism. We also provide evidence that BPA and its analogs enhance serotonin production in gut enterochromaffin cells. Taken together, we propose that BPA and many BPA analogs represent endocrine-disrupting chemicals that can influence host metabolism through the endogenous production of gut-derived factors, such as serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Barra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yun Han Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan D Schertzer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Zhang L, Xu JY, Yuan L, Yin XB, Li YH, Qin LQ. Protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate combined with organic selenium against transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced fibrosis in LX-2 cells. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14223. [PMID: 35586925 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the protective effects and possible mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (EGCG) combined with organic selenium in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-activated LX-2 cells. After 12 h of starvation, LX-2 cells were treated with 10 ng/ml of recombinant TGF-β1 and different concentrations of EGCG, L-selenomethionine (L-SeMet), or L-selenomethylcysteine (L-SeMC) for 24 h. We found that 100 and 200 μM EGCG combined with 1 mM L-SeMet or L-SeMC showed a synergistic effect in decreasing the survival rate of activated LX-2 cells. In addition, the combination of 100 mM EGCG and 1 mM L-SeMet or L-SeMC promoted the apoptosis of activated LX-2 cells. Compared with the EGCG treatment group, the combination intervention group had significantly suppressed levels of hepatic stellate cell activation markers including alpha-smooth muscle actin, collagen type I alpha 1, collagen type III alpha 1, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT), and 5-HT receptors 2A and 2B. Moreover, interleukin-10 levels were decreased, while TGF-β1 levels were increased after TGF-β1 activation in LX-2 culture medium, whereas the combin1ation intervention reversed this phenomenon. The combination treatment had a more pronounced effect than any single treatment at the same dose. These results demonstrated that the combination of EGCG and organic selenium synergistically improves the TGF-β1-induced fibrosis of LX-2 cells to some extent by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell activation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Here, we found that the effects of epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (EGCG) + L-selenomethionine or L-selenomethylcysteine were more pronounced than those of EGCG alone. Future studies should investigate the protective effects of green tea and selenium-enriched green tea against hepatic fibrosis and explore the differences in their molecular mechanisms. The results of this study will be helpful for the development and utilization of selenium-enriched tea for food processing and health supplement production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linxi Yuan
- Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Bin Yin
- Key Laboratory for Functional Agriculture, Suzhou Research Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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13
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Han Y, Zhang M, Duan J, Li L, Du J, Cheng H, Zhang S, Zhai Y, An X, Li Q, Zhang X, Li Z, Tang B. Maternal Prepregnancy 5-Hydroxytryptamine Exposure Affects the Early Development of the Fetus. Front Physiol 2022; 13:761357. [PMID: 35370795 PMCID: PMC8969228 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.761357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the increasing incidence of depression has contributed to an increase in the use of serotonergic drugs, such as antidepressants, which predisposes humans to serotonin syndrome. Serotonin syndrome is caused by elevated serotonin levels in the central and peripheral nervous systems. It has been well documented that the development of offspring can be affected by maternal exposure to environmental challenges, such as stress, diseases, or an unhealthy diet during pregnancy. Serotonin, also called 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is widely expressed in the female reproductive system and plays an important role in the development of follicles and embryos. However, whether the suffering of the mother from serotonin syndrome before pregnancy affects fetal development is still uncertain. In the present study, to explore the effect of maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure on the fetus, intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT was used to change maternal prepregnancy 5-HT levels. It was found that maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure significantly reduced the body weight and liver weight and the levels of estrogen and progesterone in female mice. Although there was no significant difference in the cleavage rate and blastocyst rate between the 5-HT and control groups, maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure increased the percentage of embryo resorption, decreased placental weight, and led to placental inflammation at E13.5. Notably, 5-HT exposure caused weight loss in the offspring at 2 weeks. These results suggested that maternal prepregnancy 5-HT exposure could affect the development of the offspring, which was partly caused by reduced hormonal secretion and placental inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiahui Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Leyi Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinge Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhui Zhai
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinglan An
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Li
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xueming Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Academy of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Tang,
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14
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Khan UW, Newmark PA. Somatic regulation of female germ cell regeneration and development in planarians. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110525. [PMID: 35294875 PMCID: PMC8994625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Female germ cells develop into oocytes, with the capacity for totipotency. In most animals, these remarkable cells are specified during development and cannot be regenerated. By contrast, planarians, known for their regenerative prowess, can regenerate germ cells. To uncover mechanisms required for female germ cell development and regeneration, we generated gonad-specific transcriptomes and identified genes whose expression defines progressive stages of female germ cell development. Strikingly, early female germ cells share molecular signatures with the pluripotent stem cells driving planarian regeneration. We observe spatial heterogeneity within somatic ovarian cells and find that a regionally enriched foxL homolog is required for oocyte differentiation, but not specification, suggestive of functionally distinct somatic compartments. Unexpectedly, a neurotransmitter-biosynthetic enzyme, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), is also expressed in somatic gonadal cells, and plays opposing roles in female and male germ cell development. Thus, somatic gonadal cells deploy conserved factors to regulate germ cell development and regeneration in planarians. Unlike most animals, planarians can regenerate germ cells. Here, Khan and Newmark characterize gene expression in the planarian ovary, identifying genes expressed at progressive stages of female germ cell development and in somatic ovarian cells. Functional characterization revealed somatically expressed genes required for specification or differentiation of female germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair W Khan
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Phillip A Newmark
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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15
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Fijalkowski R, Reher D, Rinke A, Gress TM, Schrader J, Baum RP, Kaemmerer D, Hörsch D. Clinical Features and Prognosis of Patients with Carcinoid Syndrome and Carcinoid Heart Disease: A Retrospective Multicentric Study of 276 Patients. Neuroendocrinology 2022; 112:547-554. [PMID: 34348326 DOI: 10.1159/000518651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carcinoid syndrome is the most frequent functional syndrome of neuroendocrine neoplasia. It is characterized by flushing, diarrhea, wheezing, hypotension, and exanthema and may cause carcinoid heart disease. METHODS We assessed clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease in 276 patients from 3 referral centers. RESULTS Carcinoid syndrome patients had a mean age of 57 years (range 21-84) and a normal BMI of 24.9 (SD 4.5; range 13.8-39.6). Most primaries were of small bowel or unknown primaries with distant metastasis in 94.6%. Flushing was the most frequent symptom in 74.3% of patients, followed by diarrhea in 68.8%, and wheezing in 40.9%. Pain was described by 45.3%, weakness by 23.5%, and weight loss of >10% in 6 months by 30.1% of patients. Carcinoid heart disease was diagnosed in 37.3% of patients (n = 104) by echocardiography and involved predominantly in the tricuspid valve. Combinations with other valve defects were common. Somatostatin analogs were taken by 80.4% of patients and 17% needed additional loperamide/opium tincture. Surgery and peptide receptor radiotherapy were most frequent treatments. The median survival of patients with carcinoid syndrome after diagnosis was 9 years. Prognosis was significantly impaired by male sex and diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease but surprisingly significantly increased by the presence of symptoms flushing and weakness. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION Carcinoid syndrome is associated with extensive disease and primaries in small bowels or of unknown primary. Weight loss, weakness, and pain are frequent, and carcinoid heart disease is diagnosed in more than one-third of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Fijalkowski
- ENETS Center of Excellence Bad Berka, Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Dominik Reher
- I. Department of Medicine, ENETS Center of Excellence, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Rinke
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Internal Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Gress
- ENETS Center of Excellence, Internal Medicine, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schrader
- I. Department of Medicine, ENETS Center of Excellence, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard P Baum
- ENETS Center of Excellence Bad Berka, Molecular Radiotherapy, Bad Berka, Germany
- CURANOSTICUM Wiesbaden-Frankfurt, DKD Helios Clinic, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Daniel Kaemmerer
- ENETS Center of Excellence Bad Berka, General and Visceral Surgery, Bad Berka, Germany
| | - Dieter Hörsch
- ENETS Center of Excellence Bad Berka, Internal Medicine/Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Bad Berka, Germany
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16
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Panahi N, Arjmand B, Ostovar A, Kouhestani E, Heshmat R, Soltani A, Larijani B. Metabolomic biomarkers of low BMD: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:2407-2431. [PMID: 34309694 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, this study was conducted to identify metabolomic studies investigating the metabolic profile of low bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases up to April 08, 2020, to identify observational studies with cross-sectional or case-control designs investigating the metabolic profile of low BMD in adults using biofluid specimen via metabolomic platform. The quality assessment panel specified for the "omics"-based diagnostic research (QUADOMICS) tool was used to estimate the methodologic quality of the included studies. Ten untargeted and one targeted approach metabolomic studies investigating biomarkers in different biofluids through mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance platforms were included in the systematic review. Some metabolite panels, rather than individual metabolites, showed promising results in differentiating low BMD from normal. Candidate metabolites were of different categories including amino acids, followed by lipids and carbohydrates. Besides, certain pathways were suggested by some of the studies to be involved. This systematic review suggested that metabolic profiling could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. Despite valuable findings attained from each of these studies, there was great heterogeneity regarding the ethnicity and age of participants, samples, and the metabolomic platform. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate the results and confirm the predictive role of metabolic profile on low BMD and fracture. It is also mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies by using reliable quantitative methods. Summary: Due to the metabolic nature of osteoporosis, researchers have considered metabolomic studies recently. This systematic review showed that metabolic profiling including different categories of metabolites could improve the diagnosis of low BMD. However, great heterogeneity was observed and it is mandatory to address and minimize the heterogeneity in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Panahi
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Arjmand
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - A Ostovar
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - E Kouhestani
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - R Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Soltani
- Evidence Based Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Snarska J, Fiedorowicz E, Rozmus D, Wroński K, Latacz M, Kordulewska N, Płomiński J, Grzybowski R, Savelkoul HFJ, Kostyra E, Cieślińska A. TPH1 gene polymorphism rs211105 is associated with serotonin and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 concentrations in acute pancreatitis patients. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:426. [PMID: 34772352 PMCID: PMC8588706 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The role of serotonin and its metabolic pathway in proper functioning of the pancreas has not been thoroughly investigated yet in acute pancreatitis (AP) patients. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) as the rate-limiting enzyme of serotonin synthesis has been considered for possible associations in various diseases. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TPH genes have been already described in associations with psychiatric and digestive system disorders. This study aimed to explore the association of a rs211105 (T/G) polymorphism in TPH1 gene with tryptophan hydroxylase 1 concentrations in blood serum in a population of acute pancreatitis patients, and to investigate this association with acute pancreatitis susceptibility. Results Our data showed an association between the presence of the T allele at the position rs211105 (OR = 2.47, 95 % CI 0.94–6.50, p = 0.06) under conditions of a decreased AP incidence. For TT and GT genotypes in the control group, the lowest concentration of TPH was associated with higher serotonin levels (TT: Rs = − 0.415, p = 0.0018; GT: Rs = − 0.457, p = 0.0066), while for the AP group the highest levels of TPH among the TT genotype were associated with lower levels of serotonin (TT: Rs = − 0.749, p < 0.0001, and in the GG genotype higher levels of TPH were associated with higher levels of serotonin (GG: Rs = − 0.738, p = 0.037). Conclusions Here, a new insight in the potential role of a selected genetic factor in pancreatitis development was shown. Not only the metabolic pathway of serotonin, but also factors affecting serotonin synthesis may be interesting and important points in acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Snarska
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Fiedorowicz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dominika Rozmus
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Konrad Wroński
- General and Colorectal Surgery Clinic, University Clinical Hospital of the Military Medical Academy - Central Veterans Hospital in Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maria Latacz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Kordulewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Płomiński
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Roman Grzybowski
- Department and Clinic of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Huub F J Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elżbieta Kostyra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Cieślińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Cannon Homaei S, Barone H, Kleppe R, Betari N, Reif A, Haavik J. ADHD symptoms in neurometabolic diseases: Underlying mechanisms and clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:838-856. [PMID: 34774900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurometabolic diseases (NMDs) are typically caused by genetic abnormalities affecting enzyme functions, which in turn interfere with normal development and activity of the nervous system. Although the individual disorders are rare, NMDs are collectively relatively common and often lead to lifelong difficulties and high societal costs. Neuropsychiatric manifestations, including ADHD symptoms, are prominent in many NMDs, also when the primary biochemical defect originates in cells and tissues outside the nervous system. ADHD symptoms have been described in phenylketonuria, tyrosinemias, alkaptonuria, succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, X-linked ichthyosis, maple syrup urine disease, and several mitochondrial disorders, but are probably present in many other NMDs and may pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here we review current literature linking NMDs with ADHD symptoms. We cite emerging evidence that many NMDs converge on common neurochemical mechanisms that interfere with monoamine neurotransmitter synthesis, transport, metabolism, or receptor functions, mechanisms that are also considered central in ADHD pathophysiology and treatment. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic implications of these findings and propose a path forward to increase our understanding of these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Cannon Homaei
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Helene Barone
- Regional Resource Center for Autism, ADHD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Western Norway, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Rune Kleppe
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Norwegian Centre for Maritime and Diving Medicine, Department of Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway.
| | - Nibal Betari
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Norway; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway.
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Mammoli A, Riccio A, Bianconi E, Coletti A, Camaioni E, Macchiarulo A. One Key and Multiple Locks: Substrate Binding in Structures of Tryptophan Dioxygenases and Hydroxylases. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2732-2743. [PMID: 34137184 PMCID: PMC8518741 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery at the beginning of the past century, the essential nutrient l-Tryptophan (l-Trp) and its catabolic pathways have acquired an increasing interest in an ever wider scientific community for their pivotal roles in underlying many important physiological functions and associated pathological conditions. As a consequence, enzymes catalyzing rate limiting steps along l-Trp catabolic pathways - including IDO1, TDO, TPH1 and TPH2 - have turned to be interesting drug targets for the design and development of novel therapeutic agents for different disorders such as carcinoid syndrome, cancer and autoimmune diseases. This article provides a fresh comparative overview on the most recent advancements that crystallographic studies, biophysical and computational works have brought on structural aspects and molecular recognition patterns of these enzymes toward l-Trp. Finally, a conformational analysis of l-Trp is also discussed as part of the molecular recognition process governing the binding of a substrate to its cognate enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mammoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaVia del Liceo N. 106123PerugiaItaly
| | - Alessandra Riccio
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaVia del Liceo N. 106123PerugiaItaly
| | - Elisa Bianconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaVia del Liceo N. 106123PerugiaItaly
| | - Alice Coletti
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of PerugiaP. le Gambuli06132PerugiaItaly
| | - Emidio Camaioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaVia del Liceo N. 106123PerugiaItaly
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of PerugiaVia del Liceo N. 106123PerugiaItaly
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20
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Schneider MA, Heeb L, Beffinger MM, Pantelyushin S, Linecker M, Roth L, Lehmann K, Ungethüm U, Kobold S, Graf R, van den Broek M, Vom Berg J, Gupta A, Clavien PA. Attenuation of peripheral serotonin inhibits tumor growth and enhances immune checkpoint blockade therapy in murine tumor models. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabc8188. [PMID: 34524861 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abc8188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel André Schneider
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Laura Heeb
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Mateusz Beffinger
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Pantelyushin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Michael Linecker
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lilian Roth
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland.,Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kuno Lehmann
- Surgical Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Udo Ungethüm
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Center of Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPS-M) and Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lindwurmstrasse 2a, D-80337 Munich, Germany.,German Center for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), partner site Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Graf
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maries van den Broek
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Vom Berg
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Zürich, Wagistrasse 12, CH-8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Laboratory of the Swiss Hepato-Pancreatico-Biliary (HPB) and Transplantation Centre, Department of Surgery, University Hospital and University of Zürich, Raemistrasse 100, CH-8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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21
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Haq S, Grondin JA, Khan WI. Tryptophan-derived serotonin-kynurenine balance in immune activation and intestinal inflammation. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21888. [PMID: 34473368 PMCID: PMC9292703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100702r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous tryptophan metabolism pathways lead to the production of serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), kynurenine, and several downstream metabolites which are involved in a multitude of immunological functions in both health and disease states. Ingested tryptophan is largely shunted to the kynurenine pathway (95%) while only minor portions (1%–2%) are sequestered for 5‐HT production. Though often associated with the functioning of the central nervous system, significant production of 5‐HT, kynurenine and their downstream metabolites takes place within the gut. Accumulating evidence suggests that these metabolites have essential roles in regulating immune cell function, intestinal inflammation, as well as in altering the production and suppression of inflammatory cytokines. In addition, both 5‐HT and kynurenine have a considerable influence on gut microbiota suggesting that these metabolites impact host physiology both directly and indirectly via compositional changes. It is also now evident that complex interactions exist between the two pathways to maintain gut homeostasis. Alterations in 5‐HT and kynurenine are implicated in the pathogenesis of many gastrointestinal dysfunctions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, these pathways present numerous potential therapeutic targets, manipulation of which may aid those suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. This review aims to update both the role of 5‐HT and kynurenine in immune regulation and intestinal inflammation, and analyze the current knowledge of the relationship and interactions between 5‐HT and kynurenine pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jensine A Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Laboratory Medicine, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Marazziti D, Buccianelli B, Palermo S, Parra E, Arone A, Beatino MF, Massa L, Carpita B, Barberi FM, Mucci F, Dell’Osso L. The Microbiota/Microbiome and the Gut-Brain Axis: How Much Do They Matter in Psychiatry? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080760. [PMID: 34440503 PMCID: PMC8401073 DOI: 10.3390/life11080760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) is the result of the constant integration of bidirectional messages between the brain and peripheral organs, together with their connections with the environment. Despite the anatomical separation, gut microbiota, i.e., the microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract, is highly related to the CNS through the so-called "gut-brain axis". The aim of this paper was to review and comment on the current literature on the role of the intestinal microbiota and the gut-brain axis in some common neuropsychiatric conditions. The recent literature indicates that the gut microbiota may affect brain functions through endocrine and metabolic pathways, antibody production and the enteric network while supporting its possible role in the onset and maintenance of several neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders. Alterations in the gut microbiota composition were observed in mood disorders and autism spectrum disorders and, apparently to a lesser extent, even in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, as well as in schizophrenia. Therefore, gut microbiota might represent an interesting field of research for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of common neuropsychiatric disorders and possibly as a target for the development of innovative treatments that some authors have already labelled "psychobiotics".
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
- Unicamillus—Saint Camillus International University of Medical and Health Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatrice Buccianelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Stefania Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Elisabetta Parra
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Alessandro Arone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Maria Francesca Beatino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucia Massa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Barbara Carpita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Filippo M. Barberi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
| | - Federico Mucci
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Liliana Dell’Osso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy; (B.B.); (S.P.); (E.P.); (A.A.); (M.F.B.); (L.M.); (B.C.); (F.M.B.); (L.D.)
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23
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Hranilovic D, Stefulj J, Zill P. Editorial: Developmental Abnormalities of Serotonin Homeostasis in Behavioral and Metabolic Disorders: From Epigenetic Mechanisms to Protein Function. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:659356. [PMID: 34054414 PMCID: PMC8155299 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.659356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dubravka Hranilovic
- Division of Animal Physiology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasminka Stefulj
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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24
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Nikishin DA, Khramova YV, Alyoshina NM, Malchenko LA, Shmukler YB. Oocyte-Mediated Effect of Serotonin on the Functional Status of Granulosa Cells. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421020065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Maruyama K. Senso-immunology: crosstalk between nociceptive and immune systems. FEBS J 2021; 289:4132-4145. [PMID: 33780155 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of nociception has recently grown impressively. Nociception is mediated by mechanical, chemical, or microbial stimuli that evoke unpleasant feelings, alerting the host of the risk of tissue damage. Such diverse arrays of noxious stimuli trigger various escape reactions, usually altering immune homeostasis. Notably, nociceptors can recognize cytokines or pathogens via sensory molecules or innate immune receptors, participating in immune responses. Accumulating evidence suggests that activated nociceptors produce various humoral factors that affect the immune system and act like endocrine/paracrine signals. Thus, understanding the interplay between the nociceptive and immune systems may open new avenues for the development of an interdisciplinary research field, hereinafter referred to as 'senso-immunology'. This review will discuss the physiological relevance of the senso-immune system in the host defense context, focusing on how senso-immune research might yield novel treatments to cure pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Maruyama
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
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26
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Salazar-Petres ER, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Pregnancy-induced changes in β-cell function: what are the key players? J Physiol 2021; 600:1089-1117. [PMID: 33704799 DOI: 10.1113/jp281082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In this review we examine how placental and maternal hormones work cooperatively to activate several signalling pathways, transcription factors and epigenetic regulators to drive adaptations in β-cell function during pregnancy. We also explore how adverse maternal environmental conditions, including malnutrition, obesity, circadian rhythm disruption and environmental pollutants, may impact the endocrine and molecular mechanisms controlling β-cell adaptations during pregnancy. The available data from human and experimental animal studies highlight the need to better understand how maternal β-cells integrate the various environmental, metabolic and endocrine cues and thereby determine appropriate β-cell adaptation during gestation. In doing so, these studies may identify targetable pathways that could be used to prevent not only the development of pregnancy complications like gestational diabetes that impact maternal and fetal wellbeing, but also more generally the pathogenesis of other metabolic conditions like type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Roberto Salazar-Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
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27
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Bae EJ, Choi WG, Pagire HS, Pagire SH, Parameswaran S, Choi JH, Yoon J, Choi WI, Lee JH, Song JS, Bae MA, Kim M, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Kim H, Ahn JH. Peripheral Selective Oxadiazolylphenyl Alanine Derivatives as Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 Inhibitors for Obesity and Fatty Liver Disease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:1037-1053. [PMID: 33417443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) has been recently suggested as a promising therapeutic target for treating obesity and fatty liver disease. A new series of 1,2,4-oxadiazolylphenyl alanine derivatives were identified as TPH1 inhibitors. Among them, compound 23a was the most active in vitro, with an IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 42 nM, showed good liver microsomal stability, and showed no significant inhibition of CYP and hERG. Compound 23a inhibited TPH1 in the peripheral tissue with limited BBB penetration. In high-fat diet-fed mice, 23a reduced body weight gain, body fat, and hepatic lipid accumulation. Also, 23a improved glucose intolerance and energy expenditure. Taken together, compound 23a shows promise as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of obesity and fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gun Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Haushabhau S Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Suvarna H Pagire
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Saravanan Parameswaran
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyeon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hun Lee
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sook Song
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Ae Bae
- Bio and Drug Discovery Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kim
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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28
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Tian P, Zhu H, Zou R, Kong Q, Xu M, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen W, Wang G. An in vitro screening method for probiotics with antidepressant-like effect using the enterochromaffin cell model. Food Funct 2021; 12:646-655. [PMID: 33404580 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02307h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Certain probiotics can regulate the host's neurobehavioral function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, screening these probiotics is mainly carried out in animal models, and is costly and inefficient. Herein, a putative enterochromaffin cell line (RIN14B) was used as an in vitro pre-screening model; 30 bacterial strains were tested for bacteria-stimulated tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (Tph1) expression and 5-hydroxytryptophan/5-hydroxytryptamine secretion. All strains were further validated for their neurobehavioral effects in chronic stress-induced depressive mice. Using partial least squares (PLS) modeling of in vitro and in vivo datasets, we found that the level of Tph1 mRNA in RIN14B significantly correlated with the performance of a forced swim test and sucrose preference test, and serum corticosterone level in chronically stressed mice. Four strains were identified as the best candidates among 30 strains using principal component analysis on all in vivo measures, and unsurprisingly, three of them could enhance Tph1 expression in RIN14B, which further proved that the RIN14B-based screening method (especially the detection of bacteria-stimulated Tph1 mRNA) has good predictive validity and screening efficiency for the strain's antidepressant-like capacity. Collectively, this study provides a novel in vitro method for screening probiotics (or other related bioproducts) with antidepressant-like potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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29
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Xu Y, Li Y, Li L, Zhang L, Ding Z, Shi G. Reductase-catalyzed tetrahydrobiopterin regeneration alleviates the anti-competitive inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylation by 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01958e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
l-Tyrosine hydroxylation by tyrosine hydroxylase is a significant reaction for preparing many nutraceutical and pharmaceutical chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinbiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Youran Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Leyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Zhongyang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Guiyang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Biotechnology
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
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30
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Field SL, Marrero MG, Dado-Senn B, Skibiel AL, Ramos PM, Scheffler TL, Laporta J. Peripheral serotonin regulates glucose and insulin metabolism in Holstein dairy calves. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2021; 74:106519. [PMID: 32739765 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2020.106519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin regulates energy metabolism in several mammalian species, however, the potential contribution of serotonergic mechanisms as metabolic and endocrine regulators in growing dairy calves remain unexplored. Objectives were to characterize the role of serotonin in glucose and insulin metabolism in dairy calves with increased serotonin bioavailability. Milk replacer was supplemented with saline, 5-hydroxytryptophan (90 mg/d), or fluoxetine (40 mg/d) for 10-d (n = 8/treatment). Blood was collected daily during supplementation and on days 2, 7, and 14 during withdrawal. Calves were euthanized after 10-d supplementation or 14-d withdrawal periods to harvest liver and pancreas tissue. 5-hydroxytryptophan increased circulating insulin concentrations during the supplementation period, whereas both treatments increased circulating glucose concentration during the withdrawal period. The liver and pancreas of preweaned calves express serotonin factors (ie, TPH1, SERT, and cell surface receptors), indicating their ability to synthesize, uptake, and respond to serotonin. Supplementation of 5-hydroxytryptophan increased hepatic and pancreatic serotonin concentrations. After the withdrawal period, fluoxetine cleared from the pancreas but not liver tissue. Supplementation of 5-hydroxytryptophan upregulated hepatic mRNA expression of serotonin receptors (ie, 5-HTR1B, -1D, -2A, and -2B), and downregulated pancreatic 5-HTR1F mRNA and insulin-related proteins (ie, Akt and pAkt). Fluoxetine-supplemented calves had fewer pancreatic islets per microscopic field with reduced insulin intensity, whereas 5-hydroxytryptophan supplemented calves had increased islet number and area with greater insulin and serotonin and less glucagon intensities. After the 14-d withdrawal of 5-hydroxytryptophan, hepatic mRNA expression of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes were simultaneously downregulated. Improving serotonin bioavailability could serve as a potent regulator of endocrine and metabolic processes in dairy calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Field
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - B Dado-Senn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - P M Ramos
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - T L Scheffler
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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31
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Deregulated Serotonin Pathway in Women with Morbid Obesity and NAFLD. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100245. [PMID: 33081272 PMCID: PMC7603041 DOI: 10.3390/life10100245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) extends from simple steatosis (SS) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Peripheral serotonin (5-HT) has become as an important regulator of different metabolic pathways. 5-HT has been related to obesity and lipid accumulation in the liver. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between the 5-HT signaling pathway and the degree of NAFLD, as well as to investigate whether peripheral 5-HT levels are related to the hepatic and jejunal mRNA abundance of serotonin receptors (HTR) in a cohort of women with morbid obesity (MO) and NAFLD. ELISA was used to quantify the serum 5-HT from normal-weight subjects (n = 26) and patients with MO (n = 58). We used RTq-PCR analysis to evaluate the relative expression of HTR in women with MO with normal liver (n = 22), SS (n = 21), and NASH (n = 15). The 5-HT was diminished in women with MO under a hypocaloric diet, regardless of the presence of NAFLD. Additionally, we report a negative correlation of 5-HT levels with metabolic syndrome criteria, suggesting that serotonin may have a protective role in obesity. Additionally, the hepatic expression of HTR2A and HTR2B were decreased in women with MO and NAFLD, but no significant differences in the HTR jejunal expression according to the presence of NAFLD were found.
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32
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Effects of testosterone replacement on serotonin levels in the prostate and plasma in a murine model of hypogonadism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14688. [PMID: 32895458 PMCID: PMC7477238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71718-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Benign prostate hyperplasia is a dysfunctional disease with an elevated prevalence. Despite the accepted impact of aging and testosterone (TES) in its pathophysiology, its aetiology remains unknown. Recent studies described that serotonin (5-HT) inhibits benign prostate growth through the modulation of the androgen receptor, in the presence of TES. Accordingly, this work aimed to determine the impact of castration and TES replacement in plasmatic and prostatic 5-HT regulation. C57BL/6 mice were submitted to surgical castration and divided into three groups, continually exposed to either vehicle or different TES doses for 14 days. Plasmatic 5-HT concentration was measured before and after castration, and after TES reintroduction. Finally, total prostatic weight and intra-prostatic 5-HT were determined in the different groups. Our results demonstrate that mice prostate exhibits high 5-HT tissue levels and that intra-prostatic total 5-HT was independent of castration or TES reintroduction, in all studied groups. Also, 5-HT plasmatic concentration significantly increased after castration and then normalized after TES administration. Our findings revealed that mice prostate has a high 5-HT content and that total prostatic 5-HT levels do not depend on androgens’ action. On the other hand, castration induced a significant increase in plasmatic 5-HT concentration, raising the hypothesis that androgens might be regulating the production of extra-prostatic 5-HT.
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33
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Discovery and biological characterization of a novel scaffold for potent inhibitors of peripheral serotonin synthesis. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1461-1474. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) catalyzes serotonin synthesis in peripheral tissues. Selective TPH1 inhibitors may be useful for treating disorders related to serotonin dysregulation. Results & methodology: Screening using a thermal shift assay for TPH1 binders yielded Compound 1 (2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2 H)-one), which showed high potency (50% inhibition at 98 ± 30 nM) and selectivity for inhibiting TPH over related aromatic amino acid hydroxylases in enzyme activity assays. Structure–activity relationships studies revealed several analogs of 1 showing comparable potency. Kinetic studies suggested a noncompetitive mode of action of 1, with regards to tryptophan and tetrahydrobiopterin. Computational docking studies and live cell assays were also performed. Conclusion: This TPH1 inhibitor scaffold may be useful for developing new therapeutics for treating elevated peripheral serotonin.
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Sugisawa E, Takayama Y, Takemura N, Kondo T, Hatakeyama S, Kumagai Y, Sunagawa M, Tominaga M, Maruyama K. RNA Sensing by Gut Piezo1 Is Essential for Systemic Serotonin Synthesis. Cell 2020; 182:609-624.e21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Tian P, O'Riordan KJ, Lee YK, Wang G, Zhao J, Zhang H, Cryan JF, Chen W. Towards a psychobiotic therapy for depression: Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 reverses chronic stress-induced depressive symptoms and gut microbial abnormalities in mice. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 12:100216. [PMID: 32258258 PMCID: PMC7109524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulating evidence points to an association between gut microbial abnormalities and depression disorder. The microbiota-gut-brain axis is an emerging target for treating depression using nutritional strategies, considering the numerous limitations of current pharmacological approaches. Here we studied the effect and probable mechanisms of psychobiotic treatment on depression. METHODS Chronically stressed C57BL/6J male mice were administered viable Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 for 5 weeks prior to behavioral testing. Brain neurological alterations, serum corticosterone, cytokines levels, fecal microbial composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content were measured. In addition, the effect of SCFA on 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) biosynthesis was investigated in an in vitro model of enterochromaffin cells (RIN14B). RESULTS CCFM1025 treatment significantly reduced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. The hyperactive hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal response, as well as inflammation, were also alleviated, possibly via regulating the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (Nr3c1). Moreover, CCFM1025 also down-regulated the pCREB-c-Fos pathway but increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Meanwhile, chronic stress-induced gut microbial abnormalities were restored, accompanied by increased SCFA and 5-HTP levels. The intestinal 5-HTP biosynthesis positively correlated with fecal SCFA and Bifidobacterium breve levels. CONCLUSIONS In summary, Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1025 showed considerable antidepressant-like and microbiota-regulating effects, which opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies towards treating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kenneth J. O'Riordan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yuan-kun Lee
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Yangzhou Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Center of Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center and Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Center of Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Sibon D, Coman T, Rossignol J, Lamarque M, Kosmider O, Bayard E, Fouquet G, Rignault R, Topçu S, Bonneau P, Bernex F, Dussiot M, Deroy K, Laurent L, Callebert J, Launay JM, Georgin-Lavialle S, Courtois G, Maroteaux L, Vaillancourt C, Fontenay M, Hermine O, Côté F. Enhanced Renewal of Erythroid Progenitors in Myelodysplastic Anemia by Peripheral Serotonin. Cell Rep 2020; 26:3246-3256.e4. [PMID: 30893598 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan as the precursor of several active compounds, including kynurenine and serotonin, is critical for numerous important metabolic functions. Enhanced tryptophan metabolism toward the kynurenine pathway has been associated with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs), which are preleukemic clonal diseases characterized by dysplastic bone marrow and cytopenias. Here, we reveal a fundamental role for tryptophan metabolized along the serotonin pathway in normal erythropoiesis and in the physiopathology of MDS-related anemia. We identify, both in human and murine erythroid progenitors, a functional cell-autonomous serotonergic network with pro-survival and proliferative functions. In vivo studies demonstrate that pharmacological increase of serotonin levels using fluoxetine, a common antidepressant, has the potential to become an important therapeutic strategy in low-risk MDS anemia refractory to erythropoietin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sibon
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Tereza Coman
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Département d'Hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Julien Rossignol
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Département d'Hématologie, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus Grand Paris, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Mathilde Lamarque
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Kosmider
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, APHP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Elisa Bayard
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Guillemette Fouquet
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Rachel Rignault
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Selin Topçu
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bonneau
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Montpellier 34298, France; INSERM, U1194, Network of Experimental Histology, BioCampus, CNRS, UMS3426, Montpellier 34094, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Kathy Deroy
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Laetitia Laurent
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jacques Callebert
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Launay
- Service de Biochimie, INSERM U942, Hôpital Lariboisière, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Georgin-Lavialle
- Département de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Tenon, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, AP-HP, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Courtois
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-S1270, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment, Montreal, QC H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Michaela Fontenay
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, APHP, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre-Cochin, Paris 75014, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France; Department of Hematology, Hôpital Necker AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Francine Côté
- Institut Imagine, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8254, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.
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Nieto C, Rayo I, de Las Casas-Engel M, Izquierdo E, Alonso B, Béchade C, Maroteaux L, Vega MA, Corbí ÁL. Serotonin (5-HT) Shapes the Macrophage Gene Profile through the 5-HT 2B-Dependent Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2808-2817. [PMID: 32253244 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages can either promote or resolve inflammatory responses, and their polarization state is modulated by peripheral serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]). In fact, pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages differ in the expression of serotonin receptors, with 5-HT2B and 5-HT7 expression restricted to M-CSF-primed monocyte-derived macrophages (M-MØ). 5-HT7 drives the acquisition of profibrotic and anti-inflammatory functions in M-MØ, whereas 5-HT2B prevents the degeneration of spinal cord mononuclear phagocytes and modulates motility of murine microglial processes. Because 5-HT2B mediates clinically relevant 5-HT-related pathologies (valvular heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension) and is an off target of anesthetics, antiparkinsonian drugs, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, we sought to determine the transcriptional consequences of 5-HT2B engagement in human macrophages, for which 5-HT2B signaling remains unknown. Assessment of the effects of specific agonists and antagonist revealed that 5-HT2B engagement modifies the cytokine and gene signature of anti-inflammatory M-MØ, upregulates the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target genes, and stimulates the transcriptional activation of AhR. Moreover, we found that 5-HT dose dependently upregulates the expression of AhR target genes in M-MØ and that the 5-HT-mediated activation of AhR is 5-HT2B dependent because it is abrogated by the 5-HT2B-specific antagonist SB204741. Altogether, our results demonstrate the existence of a functional 5-HT/5-HT2B/AhR axis in human macrophages and indicate that 5-HT potentiates the activity of a transcription factor (AhR) that regulates immune responses and the biological responses to xenobiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concha Nieto
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Rayo
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateo de Las Casas-Engel
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bárbara Alonso
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Béchade
- INSERM UMR-S839, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University and UPMC University Paris, 75005 Paris, France; and.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Maroteaux
- INSERM UMR-S839, 75005 Paris, France.,Sorbonne University and UPMC University Paris, 75005 Paris, France; and.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Miguel A Vega
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel L Corbí
- Laboratorio de Células Mieloides, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Chen S, Zhao H, Yan X, Zhang Z, Hu K, Gao H, Du W, Luo J, Zheng H. 5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan Promotes the Milk Calcium Level via the miR-99a-3p/ ATP2B1 Axis in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:3277-3285. [PMID: 32054265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxy-l-tryptophan (5-HTP) is the primary product that converts l-tryptophan into 5-hydroxytryptamine by a rate-limiting enzyme. Our previous study found that 5-HTP could promote the intracellular calcium level in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). Herein, first, dairy goats were injected with 5-HTP or saline daily from 7 days before delivery, and the calcium level in colostrum of 5-HTP-injected goats was significantly higher than that of saline-injected goats. Moreover, miR-99a-3p expression was significantly increased after 5-HTP treatment from transcriptome sequencing analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. In addition, it was found that ATP2B1 is one of the target genes of miR-99a-3p predicted by bioinformatic methods, which plays a crucial role in the maintenance of intracellular calcium homeostasis of mammary epithelial cells. Next, we confirmed that miR-99a-3p could increase the intracellular calcium level via decreasing ATP2B1 in GMECs. Taken together, we draw the conclusion that 5-HTP promotes the calcium level in colostrum possibly by increasing intracellular calcium of mammary epithelial cells induced by the miR-99a-3p/ATP2B1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Haiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoru Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Kaizhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huijie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Huiling Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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Xie R, Jiang P, Lin L, Jiang J, Yu B, Rao J, Liu H, Wei W, Qiao Y. Oral treatment with Lactobacillus reuteri attenuates depressive-like behaviors and serotonin metabolism alterations induced by chronic social defeat stress. J Psychiatr Res 2020; 122:70-78. [PMID: 31927268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in bidirectional gut-brain interactions are believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. Considering the putative connections among gut microbiota, neural function, and behavior, this study investigated the potential of microbe-induced gut-to-brain signaling to modulate the impact of stress on depressive-like behaviors and serotonin metabolism. METHODS Depression-susceptible mice induced by chronic social defeat stress received oral treatment of either Lactobacillus reuteri 3 (L. reuteri 3) or vehicle for 28 days, and alterations in behavior and serotonin metabolism were assessed. 16S rRNA sequencing and gas chromatograph were employed to analyze the gut microbiota community and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). RESULTS Treatment with L. reuteri 3 ameliorated depressive-like behaviors, suppressed the increase in the relative abundances of Clostridiales and Adlercreutzia, improved the decrease in abundances of Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Sutterella induced by stress, and significantly increased the proportion of Bifidobacterium. L. reuteri 3 reduced the acetate and total SCFAs levels in the depression group. Blood and colon 5-HT were decreased in depressive-like mice but were significantly ameliorated after L. reuteri 3 treatment. Moreover, L. reuteri 3 administration increased the expression of enzymes involved in serotonin biosynthesis but suppressed that of the enzymes involved in tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway in colon and prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Despite the complexity of the gut microbiota, exposure to a single microbial strain L. reuteri 3 can protect against depressive-like behaviors induced by chronic social defeat stress. The anti-depressive effects of L. reuteri 3 were associated with improved gut microbiota and serotonin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Xie
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Jining First People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Li Lin
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Yu
- College of integrated Chinese and western medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingjing Rao
- Institute of neurobiology, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
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Kyritsi K, Chen L, O’Brien A, Francis H, Hein TW, Venter J, Wu N, Ceci L, Zhou T, Zawieja D, Gashev AA, Meng F, Invernizzi P, Fabris L, Wu C, Skill NJ, Saxena R, Liangpunsakul S, Alpini G, Glaser SS. Modulation of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1/Monoamine Oxidase-A/5-Hydroxytryptamine/5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A/2B/2C Axis Regulates Biliary Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Cholestasis. Hepatology 2020; 71:990-1008. [PMID: 31344280 PMCID: PMC6993623 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Serotonin (5HT) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthetized in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) are the key enzymes for the synthesis and catabolism of 5HT, respectively. Previous studies demonstrated that 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HTR)1A/1B receptor agonists inhibit biliary hyperplasia in bile-duct ligated (BDL) rats, whereas 5HTR2B receptor antagonists attenuate liver fibrosis (LF) in mice. Our aim was to evaluate the role of 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists/antagonists in cholestatic models. APPROACH AND RESULTS While in vivo studies were performed in BDL rats and the multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2-/- ) mouse model of PSC, in vitro studies were performed in cell lines of cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO-A/TPH1 are expressed in cholangiocytes and HSCs from BDL rats and Mdr2-/- - mice. Ductular reaction, LF, as well as the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes increased in normal, BDL rats, and Mdr2-/- - mice following treatment 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists, but decreased when BDL rats and Mdr2-/- mice were treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to BDL rats and Mdr2-/- mice, respectively. 5HT levels increase in Mdr2-/- mice and in PSC human patients compared to their controls and decrease in serum of Mdr2-/- mice treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to untreated Mdr2-/- mice. In vitro, cell lines of murine cholangiocytes and human HSCs express 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO-A/TPH1; treatment of these cell lines with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists or TPH1 inhibitor decreased 5HT levels as well as expression of fibrosis and inflammation genes compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of the TPH1/MAO-A/5HT/5HTR2A/2B/2C axis may represent a therapeutic approach for management of cholangiopathies, including PSC.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B/physiology
- Animals
- Bile Ducts/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Cholangitis, Sclerosing/etiology
- Cholestasis/pathology
- Humans
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Male
- Mice
- Monoamine Oxidase/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/physiology
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Serotonin/blood
- Serotonin/physiology
- Tryptophan Hydroxylase/physiology
- ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family B Member 4
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantina Kyritsi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Lixian Chen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - April O’Brien
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Travis W. Hein
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Julie Venter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Nan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ludovica Ceci
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tianhao Zhou
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - David Zawieja
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Anatoliy A. Gashev
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
| | - Fanyin Meng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano (MI), Italy
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Luca Fabris
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua School of Medicine, Padua, Italy
- Digestive Disease Section, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Nicholas J. Skill
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Romil Saxena
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Suthat Liangpunsakul
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Shannon S. Glaser
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX
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Cheng AA, Li W, Hernandez LL. Transcriptomic analysis investigating the interaction between peripheral serotonin and high-fat diet feeding on mammary gene expression in midlactation mice. Physiol Genomics 2019; 52:47-55. [PMID: 31814535 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00073.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the role of peripheral serotonin and its interaction with diet in midlactation mammary gene expression, our study uses tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout (Tph1-KO) mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). It has previously been demonstrated that HFD feeding increases inflammatory and immune pathways in peak lactation mammary glands of mice and increases pup mortality in wild-type (WT) mice compared with dams fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Peripheral serotonin inhibition has been associated with resistance to obesity in male mice fed an HFD. Little is known about the function of Tph1 and how peripheral serotonin affects mammary gland function during pregnancy and lactation. In this study, WT and Tph1-KO models were used to investigate global transcriptomic changes in peak lactation mammary glands when dams were fed either an HFD or LFD. WT and Tph1-KO female mice were assigned to either an LFD or HFD beginning at 3 wk of age (n = 4/group). Dams were euthanized on lactation day 11. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were first filtered by adjusted P value (cutoff ≤ 0.05) and fold-change (FC, cutoff ≥2). Genes were further filtered by mean normalized read count with a cutoff 310. We did not observe many differentially expressed genes in WT and Tph1-KO dams fed LFD. However, 3,529 DEGs were observed between WT-HFD and Tph1-KO-HFD mice, including cell cycle regulation and MAPK pathways being significantly enriched. Further research is required to completely understand the physiological significance of our results on peak lactation mammary physiology and the contribution of serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Cheng
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - W Li
- United States Department of Agriculture Dairy Forage, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - L L Hernandez
- Department of Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
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Thirumaran SL, Lepailleur A, Rochais C. Structure-activity relationships of serotonin 5-HT7 receptors ligands: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Abstract
The rate-limiting enzyme in serotonin synthesis is tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). There are two independent serotonin systems in the body characterized by two isoforms of TPH, TPH1 and TPH2. While TPH2 synthesizes serotonin in the brain, TPH1 is expressed in the gut and in other peripheral tissues and supplies platelets in the circulation with serotonin. This duality of the serotonin system is enforced by the blood-brain barrier which is impermeable for serotonin. In the brain serotonin acts as neurotransmitter and is a main target for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In the periphery it is released by platelets at the site of activation and elicits numerous physiological effects. TPH1 deficient mice were shown to be protected from diverse diseases including hemostatic, inflammatory, fibrotic, gastrointestinal, and metabolic disorders and therefore serotonin synthesis inhibition emerged as a reasonable therapeutic paradigm. Recently the first TPH inhibitor, telotristat ethyl, came on the market for the treatment of carcinoid syndrome. This review summarizes the state of development and the therapeutic opportunities of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany; University of Lübeck, Institute for Biology, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; Charité University Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.
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Marrero MG, Dado-Senn B, Field SL, da Silva DR, Skibiel AL, Laporta J. Increasing serotonin bioavailability in preweaned dairy calves impacts hematology, growth, and behavior. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2019; 69:42-50. [PMID: 31280025 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral serotonin has been shown to regulate important physiological functions such as energy homeostasis and immunity, particularly in rodent and humans, but its role is poorly understood in livestock species. Herein, we tested the safety and effectiveness of increasing serotonin bioavailability in preweaned dairy calves by oral supplementation of a serotonin precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) or a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine, FLX). Bull Holstein calves (21 ± 2 d old; N = 24) were fed milk replacer (8 L/d) supplemented with either saline as control (CON, 8 mL/d, n = 8), FLX (40 mg/d, approx. 0.8 mg/kg; n = 8), or 5-HTP (90 mg/d, approx. 1.8 mg/kg; n = 8) for 10 consecutive days in a complete randomized block design. Heart rate (HR), respiration rate, rectal temperature, and health scores were recorded daily. Hip height and body weight were measured at d 1, 5, and 10 relative to initiation of supplementation. Blood samples were collected once before the supplementation period (d 1), during the 10-d supplementation period (daily), and during a 14-d withdrawal period (d 2, 3, 4, 7, and 14 relative to initiation of withdrawal). Cerebrospinal fluid and muscle tissue were collected from a subset of calves (n = 12) that were euthanized after the 10-d supplementation or 14-d withdrawal period. Whole blood serotonin concentrations increased in 5-HTP calves and decreased in FLX calves compared with CON (P < 0.001), indicating that serotonin bioavailability was increased in both groups. Whole blood serotonin concentrations of 5-HTP and FLX calves returned to CON levels after 7 d of withdrawal. All calves grew and were considered healthy throughout the study. In fact, calves fed 5-HTP had higher average daily gain compared with CON (0.87 vs 0.66 ± 0.12 kg/d, P = 0.05). Calves fed FLX had lower HR (P = 0.02) and greater red blood cells and hemoglobin counts on d 10 of supplementation compared with CON (P < 0.01). After the 14-d withdrawal period, FLX was not detected in circulation of FLX calves, but was still present in the muscle tissue. Our results demonstrate that manipulation of the serotonin pathway by supplementing FLX or 5-HTP is a feasible and safe approach in preweaned dairy calves; however, it takes more than 14 d for FLX to be completely withdrawn from the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Marrero
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B Dado-Senn
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S L Field
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D R da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A L Skibiel
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J Laporta
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Scotton WJ, Hill LJ, Williams AC, Barnes NM. Serotonin Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Clinical Features, Management, and Potential Future Directions. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919873925. [PMID: 31523132 PMCID: PMC6734608 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919873925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin syndrome (SS) (also referred to as serotonin toxicity) is a potentially life-threatening drug-induced toxidrome associated with increased serotonergic activity in both the peripheral (PNS) and central nervous systems (CNS). It is characterised by a dose-relevant spectrum of clinical findings related to the level of free serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]), or 5-HT receptor activation (predominantly the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A subtypes), which include neuromuscular abnormalities, autonomic hyperactivity, and mental state changes. Severe SS is only usually precipitated by the simultaneous initiation of 2 or more serotonergic drugs, but the syndrome can also occur after the initiation of a single serotonergic drug in a susceptible individual, the addition of a second or third agent to long-standing doses of a maintenance serotonergic drug, or after an overdose. The combination of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), in particular MAO-A inhibitors that preferentially inhibit the metabolism of 5-HT, with serotonergic drugs is especially dangerous, and may lead to the most severe form of the syndrome, and occasionally death. This review describes our current understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation and management of SS, and summarises some of the drugs and interactions that may precipitate the condition. We also discuss the newer novel psychoactive substances (NPSs), a growing public health concern due to their increased availability and use, and their potential risk to evoke the syndrome. Finally, we discuss whether the inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), in particular the neuronal isoform (TPH2), may provide an opportunity to pharmacologically target central 5-HT synthesis, and so develop new treatments for severe, life-threatening SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Scotton
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicholas M Barnes
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is a complex disorder caused by functional neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). This debilitating disease is characterized by hyper-secretion of biologically active substances eliciting major hormonal symptoms burden and fibrotic changes that are often challenging for management. There have been a number of insights that have substantially advanced treatments since the introduction of somatostatin analogs (SSAs). Second-line treatments are needed in a substantial proportion of patients with advanced disease that have uncontrolled hormone secretion on the highest labeled doses of SSAs. International guidelines suggest several available options including dose escalation of SSAs, interferon alpha, everolimus, radionuclide therapy, liver-directed therapies, and the novel tryptophan hydroxylase 1 inhibitor, telotristat ethyl. The clear preference of one second-line therapy over the other is not stated since their relative and long-term efficacy are largely unknown, and standardized approach of hormonal response assessment is lacking in the literature. In the clinical setting, the treatment of CS is guided in conjunction with patients' performance status, tumor origin, grade, stage, and growth rate, with regard to both anti-hormonal, as well as anti-proliferative effect. There is an unmet need for further well-designed randomized placebo-controlled and head-to-head studies that systematically assess CS symptom control and biochemical response following a specific intervention.
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Ishida Y, Sugiura Y, Magome T, Kamakura T, Takimoto Y, Hanada Y, Kitayama K, Nakamura Y, Shimada S, Ohta N, Naono-Nakayama R, Kamijo K. Expression Analysis of Serotonin Receptors, Serotonin Transporter and l-Amino Acid Decarboxylase in the Mouse Sphenopalatine Ganglion by RT-PCR, Northern Blot Analysis and In Situ Hybridization. Neuroscience 2019; 411:23-36. [PMID: 31128160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is a gathering of the cell bodies of parasympathetic fibers that dominate the nasal gland, lacrimal gland and cerebral blood vessels. The SPG controls nasal secretions, tears, and the dilation of cerebral blood vessels. However, it is unclear how serotonin regulates SPG functions. In this study, we investigated the expression of genes involved in the serotonergic system in the mouse SPG. We examined the mRNA expression levels of 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, 5-HT1F, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT2C, 5-HT3A, 5-HT3B, 5-HT4, 5-HT5A, 5-HT5B, 5-HT6 and 5-HT7 receptors, as well as serotonin transporter, tryptophan hydroxylases 1 and 2, and L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) by RT-PCR. It revealed that the 5-HT3A and 5-HT3B ionotropic receptors and AADC were likely to be highly expressed in the SPG, as measured by RT-PCR. We next performed in situ hybridization on the SPG to examine the expression of these three genes at the cellular level after validating the specificity of each cRNA probe by northern blotting. The 5-HT3A receptor, 5-HT3B receptor, and AADC were expressed in 96.5% ± 1.0%, 29.7% ± 10.7%, and 57.4% ± 2.9% of neuronal cell bodies in the SPG, respectively, indicating that the 5-HT3A receptor was virtually expressed in all SPG neurons. Our results on the expression of these critical serotonin system genes in the parasympathetic SPG provide insight into the pathogenetics of rhinitis, conjunctivitis and headache. Furthermore, our findings suggest that targeting the 5-HT3A receptor might have therapeutic potential in the treatment of these ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishida
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan; Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Sugiura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Magome
- Department of medicine for Sports and Performing Arts, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kamakura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Takimoto
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hanada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitayama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shoichi Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ohta
- Division of Otorhinolaryngology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Rumi Naono-Nakayama
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Keiju Kamijo
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
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König D, Jaźwińska A. Zebrafish fin regeneration involves transient serotonin synthesis. Wound Repair Regen 2019; 27:375-385. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Désirée König
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Anna Jaźwińska
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 10, 1700, Fribourg Switzerland
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Hudon Thibeault AA, Sanderson JT, Vaillancourt C. Serotonin-estrogen interactions: What can we learn from pregnancy? Biochimie 2019; 161:88-108. [PMID: 30946949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have reviewed the scientific literature related to four diseases in which to serotonin (5-HT) is involved in the etiology, herein named 5-HT-linked diseases, and whose prevalence is influenced by estrogenic status: depression, migraine, irritable bowel syndrome and eating disorders. These diseases all have in common a sex-dimorphic prevalence, with women more frequently affected than men. The co-occurrence between these 5-HT-linked diseases suggests that they have common physiopathological mechanisms. In most 5-HT-linked diseases (except for anorexia nervosa and irritable bowel syndrome), a decrease in the serotonergic tone is observed and estrogens are thought to contribute to the improvement of symptoms by stimulating the serotonergic system. Human pregnancy is characterized by a unique 5-HT and estrogen synthesis by the placenta. Pregnancy-specific disorders, such as hyperemesis gravidarum, gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia, are associated with a hyperserotonergic state and decreased estrogen levels. Fetal programming of 5-HT-linked diseases is a complex phenomenon that involves notably fetal-sex differences, which suggest the implication of sex steroids. From a mechanistic point of view, we hypothesize that estrogens regulate the serotonergic system, resulting in a protective effect against 5-HT-linked diseases, but that, in turn, 5-HT affects estrogen synthesis in an attempt to retrieve homeostasis. These two processes (5-HT and estrogen biosynthesis) are crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes, and thus, a disruption of this 5-HT-estrogen relationship may explain pregnancy-specific pathologies or pregnancy complications associated with 5-HT-linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée-Anne Hudon Thibeault
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - J Thomas Sanderson
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Cathy Vaillancourt
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531, boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada; Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Well-Being, Health, Society and Environment (Cinbiose), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P.8888, succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Rendell MS. The journey from gene knockout to clinical medicine: telotristat and sotagliflozin. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:817-824. [PMID: 30880915 PMCID: PMC6408923 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s144556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gene knockout has been a powerful technique to evaluate the physiologic role of selected gene products. Lexicon pioneered high-throughput gene knockout technology and went further in designing agents to inhibit products of gene expression. Two agents have entered late-stage development. Telotristat is an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), preventing the production of serotonin. Although this agent blocks the two isoforms of TPH, it does not cross the blood–brain barrier, thus avoiding central neurologic manifestations. It inhibits the peripheral production of serotonin, and in particular prevents serotonin action in the intestines, resulting in decreased peristaltic action. Lexicon successfully developed telotristat to treat carcinoid syndrome not responding adequately to somatostatin inhibitors. Sotagliflozin development proceeded from the observation that dual inhibition of SGLT2 in the kidneys and SGLT1 in the intestines resulted in increased renal glucose excretion, reduced early-phase glucose absorption, as well as increased blood levels of GLP-1 and PYY. Initial development efforts focused on type 1 diabetes and have shown reduced postprandial glucose levels, less tendency to hypoglycemia, and lower HbA1c. Several other SGLT2 inhibitors have been associated with increased frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In the type 1 trials, sotagliflozin-treated individuals experienced DKA at a higher rate than placebo-treated patients. The sotagliflozin development program has now been extended to trials on type 2 diabetes. Long-term clinical trials will determine the benefits and risks of the agent in comparison to other currently marketed SGLT2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc S Rendell
- Association of Diabetes Investigators, Omaha, NE 68131, USA, .,Rose Salter Medical Research Foundation, Newport Coast, CA 92657, USA,
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