1
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Kronlachner L, Frank J, Rosenberg E, Limbeck A. A novel measurement strategy and a dedicated sampling cell for the parallel characterization of organic and inorganic constituents in polymer samples by concurrent laser ablation ICP-OES and EI-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1264:341305. [PMID: 37230723 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric composite materials are gaining importance due to their universal applicability and easy adaptability for their intended use. For the comprehensive characterization of these materials, the concurrent determination of the organic and the elemental constituents is necessary, which cannot be provided by classical analysis methods. In this work, we present a novel approach for advanced polymer analysis. The proposed approach is based on firing a focused laser beam onto a solid sample placed in an ablation cell. The generated gaseous and particular ablation products are measured online parallelly by EI-MS and ICP-OES. This bimodal approach allows direct characterization of the main organic and inorganic constituents of solid polymer samples. The LA-EI-MS data showed excellent agreement with the literature EI-MS data allowing not only the identification of pure polymers but also of copolymers, as demonstrated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the sample. The concurrent collection of ICP-OES elemental data is vital for classification, provenance determination, or authentication studies. The applicability of the proposed procedure has been demonstrated by analysis of various polymer samples from everyday use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kronlachner
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Johannes Frank
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Rosenberg
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Reif J. Dynamics and Processes on Laser-Irradiated Surfaces. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:379. [PMID: 36770341 PMCID: PMC9920288 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The modification of solid surfaces via the impacts of intense laser pulses and the dynamics of the relevant processes are reviewed. We start with rather weak interactions on dielectric materials, based on non-linear absorption across the bandgap and resulting in low-level local effects like electron and individual ion emission. The role of such locally induced defects in the cumulative effect of incubation, i.e., the increase in efficiency with the increasing number of laser pulses, is addressed. At higher excitation density levels, due to easier laser-material coupling and higher laser fluence, the energy dissipation is considerable, leading to lattice destabilization, surface relaxation, ablation, and surface modification (e.g., laser-induced periodic surface structures). Finally, a short list of possible applications, namely in the field of wettability, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juergen Reif
- Brandenburgische Technische Universität-BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Platz der Deutschen Einheit 1, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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3
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Smetanin IV, Shutov AV, Ustinovskii NN, Veliev PV, Zvorykin VD. A New Insight into High-Aspect-Ratio Channel Drilling in Translucent Dielectrics with a KrF Laser for Waveguide Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8347. [PMID: 36499843 PMCID: PMC9738459 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new insight into capillary channel formation with a high aspect ratio in the translucent matter by nanosecond UV laser pulses is discussed based on our experiments on KrF laser multi-pulse drilling of polymethyl methacrylate and K8 silica glass. The proposed mechanism includes self-consistent laser beam filamentation along a small UV light penetration depth caused by a local refraction index increase due to material densification by both UV and ablation pressure, followed by filamentation-assisted ablation. A similar mechanism was shown to be realized in highly transparent media, i.e., KU-1 glass with a multiphoton absorption switched on instead of linear absorption. Waveguide laser beam propagation in long capillary channels was considered for direct electron acceleration by high-power laser pulses and nonlinear compression of excimer laser pulses into the picosecond range.
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4
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Guo Y, Wang Q, Li H, Gao Y, Xu X, Tang B, Wang Y, Yang B, Lee YK, French PJ, Zhou G. Carbon Dots Embedded in Cellulose Film: Programmable, Performance-Tunable, and Large-Scale Subtle Fluorescent Patterning by in Situ Laser Writing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:2910-2920. [PMID: 35112845 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c09999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent patterns with multiple functions enable high-security anti-counterfeiting labels. Complex material synthesis and patterning processes limit the application of multifunctional fluorescent patterns, so the technology of in situ fluorescent patterning with tunable multimodal capabilities is becoming more necessary. In this work, an in situ fluorescent patterning technology was developed using laser direct writing on solid cellulose film at ambient conditions without masks. The fluorescent intensity and surface microstructure of the patterns could be adjusted by programmable varying of the laser parameters simultaneously. During laser direct writing, carbon dots are generated in situ in a cellulose ester polymer matrix, which significantly simplifies the fluorescent patterning process and reduces the manufacturing cost. Interestingly, the tunable fluorescent intensity empowers the fabrication of visual stereoscopic fluorescent patterns with excitation dependence, further improving its anti-counterfeiting performance. The obtained fluorescent patterns still show ultrahigh optical properties after being immersed in an acid/base solution (pH 5-12) over one month. In addition, the anti-UV performance of the obtained laser-patterned film with transmittance around 90% is comparable to that of commercial UV-resistant films. This work provided an advanced and feasible approach to fabricating programmable, performance-tunable, subtle fluorescent patterns in large-scale for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. & Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Quan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yixun Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xuezhu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Biao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Kuen Lee
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
- Department of Electronic & Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Paddy J French
- BE Lab, Faculty EWI, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628CD, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd. & Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
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5
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Abreu CM, Gasperini L, Lago MEL, Reis RL, Marques AP. Microscopy-guided laser ablation for the creation of complex skin models with folliculoid appendages. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10195. [PMID: 34027085 PMCID: PMC8126819 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineering complex tissues requires the use of advanced biofabrication techniques that allow the replication of the tissue's 3D microenvironment, architecture and cellular interactions. In the case of skin, the most successful strategies to introduce the complexity of hair follicle (HF) appendages have highlighted the importance of facilitating direct interaction between dermal papilla (DP) cells and keratinocytes (KCs) in organotypic skin models. In this work, we took advantage of microscopy-guided laser ablation (MGLA) to microfabricate a fibroblast-populated collagen hydrogel and create a subcompartment that guides the migration of KCs and lead their interaction with DP cells to recreate follicular structures. Upon definition of the processing parameters (laser incidence area and power), MGLA was used to create 3D microchannels from the surface of a standard organotypic human skin model up to the aggregates containing DP cells and KCs, previously incorporated into the dermal-like fibroblast-collagen layer. Analysis of the constructs showed that the fabricated microfeatures successfully guided the fusion between epidermal and aggregates keratinocytes, which differentiated into follicular-like structures within the organotypic human skin model, increasing its functionality. In summary, we demonstrate the fabrication of a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based construct using MGLA to attain a complex skin model bearing folliculoid structures, highlighting its potential use as an in vitro platform to study the mechanisms controlling HF development or for the screening of bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. Abreu
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Luca Gasperini
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Manuela E. L. Lago
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group – Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of MinhoGuimarãesPortugal
- ICVS/3B's – PT Government Associate LaboratoryBraga/GuimarãesPortugal
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6
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Masuhara H. From Nanosecond Photochemistry to Optical Force Chemistry: My Journey. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1261-1269. [PMID: 33656242 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Laser was invented in 1960 and soon introduced to chemistry research. We started time-resolved spectroscopy and photochemistry and initial trial was focused to nanosecond and then picosecond electronic absorption spectroscopy for studying molecular electronic excited states, charge separation in molecular complexes, and intermolecular electron transfer in solution. We considered that not only time-resolved but also space-resolved chemistry would be important for future laser-based chemistry and combined pulsed lasers with optical microscopes. Spectroscopy, photochemistry, ablation, and spatial arrangement of single microparticles and microdroplets in solution were carried out. Further we shifted from micro to nano and opened a new field covering spectroscopy, ablation, phase transition, crystallization, patterning, and fabrication. The progress is summarized and discussed as time-resolved nano spectroscopy, ablation nano dynamics, and optical force chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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7
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Sola D, Milles S, Lasagni AF. Direct Laser Interference Patterning of Diffraction Gratings in Safrofilcon-A Hydrogel: Fabrication and Hydration Assessment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13050679. [PMID: 33668214 PMCID: PMC7956354 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive index modification by laser micro-structuration of diffractive optical devices in ophthalmic polymers has recently been applied for refractive correction in the fields of optics and ophthalmology. In this work, Safrofilcon-A hydrogel, used as soft contact lenses, was processed by direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) to fabricate linear periodic patterns on the surface of the samples. Periodic modulation of the surface was attained under two-beam interference by using a Q-switched laser source with emission at 263 nm and 4 ns pulse duration. Features of processed areas were studied as a function of both the interference spatial period and the laser fluence. Optical confocal microscopy used to evaluate the topography of the processed samples showed that both structured height and surface roughness increased with laser fluence. Static water contact angle (WCA) measurements were carried out with deionized water droplets on the structured areas to evaluate the hydration properties of DLIP structures. It was observed that the laser structured areas induced a delay in the hydration process. Finally, microstructural changes induced in the structured areas were assessed by confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy showing that at low laser fluences the polymer structure remained almost unaltered. In addition, Raman spectra of hydrated samples recovered the original shape of areas structured at low laser fluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sola
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (A.F.L.)
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Centro de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Campus Espinardo, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Stephan Milles
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (A.F.L.)
| | - Andrés F. Lasagni
- Institut für Fertigungstechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (S.M.); (A.F.L.)
- Fraunhofer Institut für Werkstoff- und Strahltechnik IWS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
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8
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Deshmukh R, Stevenson LJ, Vajpayee RB. Laser-assisted corneal transplantation surgery. Surv Ophthalmol 2021; 66:826-837. [PMID: 33524460 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transplant surgeries have a broad range of indications with outcomes largely dependent on surgeon experience. Traditional manual techniques have certain limitations pertaining to the preparation of donor tissue and the recipient bed that might affect the predictability of visual outcomes. Use of lasers for keratoplasty procedures not only improves the repeatability and consistency of the technique, but also enables the surgeon to control the thickness and shape of the transplant tissue tailored to the specific condition. Despite the advantages, cost-effectiveness and technical know-how remain the major challenges. We discuss the various techniques of laser-assisted keratoplasties with respect to their methods, precision, and efficacy in various corneal indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Deshmukh
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Eye ENT Centre, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | | | - Rasik B Vajpayee
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Vision Eye Institute, Melbourne, Australia; University of Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Wu L, Sancaktar E. Effect of PET support membrane thickness on water permeation behavior of thermally responsive PNIPAM-g-PET membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Polymer Matrix Incorporated with ZIF-8 for Application in Nonlinear Optics. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10061036. [PMID: 32481655 PMCID: PMC7352344 DOI: 10.3390/nano10061036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymers with embedded metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been of interest in research for advanced applications in gas separation, catalysis and sensing due to their high porosity and chemical selectivity. In this study, we utilize specific MOFs with high thermal stability and non-centrosymmetric crystal structures (zeolitic imidazolate framework, ZIF-8) in order to give an example of MOF–polymer composite applications in nonlinear optics. The synthesized MOF-based polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite (ZIF-8–PMMA) demonstrates the possibility of the visualization of near-infrared laser beams in the research lab. The resulting ZIF-8–PMMA composite is exposed to a laser under extreme conditions and exhibits enhanced operating limits, much higher than that of the widely used inorganic materials in optics. Overall, our findings support the utilization of MOFs for synthesis of functional composites for optical application.
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11
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Abstract
Polyimide (PI, Kapton-H®) films are widely utilized in the spacecraft industry for their insulating properties, mechanical durability, light weight, and chemical resistance to radiation. Still PI materials remain exposed to a combination of high-energy electrons, protons, and ultraviolet (UV) photons, particles primarily responsible for radiation-induced damage in geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), which drastically change PI’s properties. This work reviews the effect of electron, proton, and UV photon irradiation on the material properties (morphology, absorption, mechanical properties, and charge transport) of PI. The different damaging mechanisms and chemical consequences that drive changes in the material properties of PI caused by each individual kind of irradiation will be discussed in detail.
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12
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Benton M, Hossan MR, Konari PR, Gamagedara S. Effect of Process Parameters and Material Properties on Laser Micromachining of Microchannels. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10020123. [PMID: 30769833 PMCID: PMC6413122 DOI: 10.3390/mi10020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser micromachining has emerged as a promising technique for mass production of microfluidic devices. However, control and optimization of process parameters, and design of substrate materials are still ongoing challenges for the widespread application of laser micromachining. This article reports a systematic study on the effect of laser system parameters and thermo-physical properties of substrate materials on laser micromachining. Three dimensional transient heat conduction equation with a Gaussian laser heat source was solved using finite element based Multiphysics software COMSOL 5.2a. Large heat convection coefficients were used to consider the rapid phase transition of the material during the laser treatment. The depth of the laser cut was measured by removing material at a pre-set temperature. The grid independent analysis was performed for ensuring the accuracy of the model. The results show that laser power and scanning speed have a strong effect on the channel depth, while the level of focus of the laser beam contributes in determining both the depth and width of the channel. Higher thermal conductivity results deeper in cuts, in contrast the higher specific heat produces shallower channels for a given condition. These findings can help in designing and optimizing process parameters for laser micromachining of microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Benton
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | - Mohammad Robiul Hossan
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | - Prashanth Reddy Konari
- Department of Engineering and Physics, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
| | - Sanjeewa Gamagedara
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73034, USA.
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13
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Chen TH, Fardel R, Arnold CB. Ultrafast z-scanning for high-efficiency laser micro-machining. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17181. [PMID: 30839516 PMCID: PMC6060055 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput laser micro-machining demands precise control of the laser beam position to achieve optimal efficiency, but existing methods can be both time-consuming and cost-prohibitive. In this paper, we demonstrate a new high-throughput micro-machining technique based on rapidly scanning the laser focal point along the optical axis using an acoustically driven variable focal length lens. Our results show that this scanning method enables higher machining rates over a range of defocus distances and that the effect becomes more significant as the laser energy is increased. In a specific example of silicon, we achieve a nearly threefold increase in the machining rate, while maintaining sharp side walls and a small spot size. This method has great potential for improving the micro-machining efficiency of conventional systems and also opens the door to applying laser machining to workpieces with uneven topography that have been traditionally difficult to process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Romain Fardel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Craig B Arnold
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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14
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Yazdi AZ, Navas IO, Abouelmagd A, Sundararaj U. Direct Creation of Highly Conductive Laser-Induced Graphene Nanocomposites from Polymer Blends. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28675656 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current state-of-the-art mixing strategies of nanoparticles with insulating polymeric components have only partially utilized the unique electrical conductivity of graphene in nanocomposite systems. Herein, this paper reports a nonmixing method of direct creation of polymer/graphene nanocomposites from polymer blends via laser irradiation. Polycarbonate-laser-induced graphene (PC-LIG) nanocomposite is produced from a PC/polyetherimide (PC/PEI) blend after exposure to commercially available laser scribing with a power of ≈6 W and a speed of ≈2 cm s-1 . Extremely high electrical conductivities are obtained for the PC-LIG nanocomposites, ranging from 26 to 400 S m-1 , depending on the vol% of the starting PEI phase in the blend. To the authors' knowledge, these conductivity values are at least one order of magnitude higher than the values that are previously reported for conductive polymer/graphene nanocomposites prepared via mixing strategies. The comprehensive microscopy and spectroscopy characterizations reveal a complete graphitization of the PEI phase with columnar microstructure embedded in the PC phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Zehtab Yazdi
- Polymer Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary 2500, University Dr, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Ivonne Otero Navas
- Polymer Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary 2500, University Dr, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abouelmagd
- Polymer Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary 2500, University Dr, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Polymer Processing Group, Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary 2500, University Dr, NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N1N4, Canada
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15
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van Roij L, Sluijs A, Laks JJ, Reichart G. Stable carbon isotope analyses of nanogram quantities of particulate organic carbon (pollen) with laser ablation nano combustion gas chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:47-58. [PMID: 27766694 PMCID: PMC5132107 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Analyses of stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13 C values) of organic and inorganic matter remains have been instrumental for much of our understanding of present and past environmental and biological processes. Until recently, the analytical window of such analyses has been limited to samples containing at least several μg of carbon. METHODS Here we present a setup combining laser ablation, nano combustion gas chromatography and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LA/nC/GC/IRMS). A deep UV (193 nm) laser is used for optimal fragmentation of organic matter with minimum fractionation effects and an exceptionally small ablation chamber and combustion oven are used to reduce the minimum sample mass requirement compared with previous studies. RESULTS Analyses of the international IAEA CH-7 polyethylene standard show optimal accuracy, and precision better than 0.5‰, when measuring at least 42 ng C. Application to untreated modern Eucalyptus globulus (C3 plant) and Zea mays (C4 plant) pollen grains shows a ~ 16‰ offset between these species. Within each single Z. mays pollen grain, replicate analyses show almost identical δ13 C values. CONCLUSIONS Isotopic offsets between individual pollen grains exceed analytical uncertainties, therefore probably reflecting interspecimen variability of ~0.5-0.9‰. These promising results set the stage for investigating both δ13 C values and natural carbon isotopic variability between single specimens of a single population of all kinds of organic particles yielding tens of nanograms of carbon. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda van Roij
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jelmer J. Laks
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gert‐Jan Reichart
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of GeosciencesUtrecht UniversityHeidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ)Landsdiep 4, 1797 SZ ‘t Horntje (Texel)The Netherlands
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16
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Wynn CM, Haupt RW, Doherty JH, Kunz RR, Bai W, Diebold G. Use of photoacoustic excitation and laser vibrometry to remotely detect trace explosives. APPLIED OPTICS 2016; 55:9054-9059. [PMID: 27857289 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.009054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we examine a laser-based approach to remotely initiate, measure, and differentiate acoustic and vibrational emissions from trace quantities of explosive materials against their environment. Using a pulsed ultraviolet laser (266 nm), we induce a significant (>100 Pa) photoacoustic response from small quantities of military-grade explosives. The photoacoustic signal, with frequencies predominantly between 100 and 500 kHz, is detected remotely via a wideband laser Doppler vibrometer. This two-laser system can be used to rapidly detect and discriminate explosives from ordinary background materials, which have significantly weaker photoacoustic response. A 100 ng/cm2 limit of detection is estimated. Photoablation is proposed as the dominant mechanism for the large photoacoustic signals generated by explosives.
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17
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Waddell EA, Locascio LE, Kramer GW. UV Laser Micromachining of Polymers for Microfluidic Applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1535-5535-04-00179-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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18
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Wong W, Chan K, Yeung KW, Lau KS. Chemical surface modification of poly (ethylene terephthalate) by excimer irradiation of high and low intensities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s100190000116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Wong
- Institute of Textile & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kwong Chan
- Institute of Textile & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Wing Yeung
- Institute of Textile & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Kai Shui Lau
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
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19
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20
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Okano K, Hsu HY, Li YK, Masuhara H. In situ patterning and controlling living cells by utilizing femtosecond laser. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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21
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Jia Y, Gong X, Peng P, Wang Z, Tian Z, Ren L, Fu Y, Zhang H. Toward High Carrier Mobility and Low Contact Resistance: Laser Cleaning of PMMA Residues on Graphene Surfaces. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2016; 8:336-346. [PMID: 30460292 PMCID: PMC6223693 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-016-0093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is widely used for graphene transfer and device fabrication. However, it inevitably leaves a thin layer of polymer residues after acetone rinsing and leads to dramatic degradation of device performance. How to eliminate contamination and restore clean surfaces of graphene is still highly demanded. In this paper, we present a reliable and position-controllable method to remove the polymer residues on graphene films by laser exposure. Under proper laser conditions, PMMA residues can be substantially reduced without introducing defects to the underlying graphene. Furthermore, by applying this laser cleaning technique to the channel and contacts of graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs), higher carrier mobility as well as lower contact resistance can be realized. This work opens a way for probing intrinsic properties of contaminant-free graphene and fabricating high-performance GFETs with both clean channel and intimate graphene/metal contact. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Jia
- Materials Physics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Gong
- School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongzheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liming Ren
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Circuits (MOE), Institute of Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Materials Physics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 People’s Republic of China
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22
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Kulkova J, Moritz N, Huhtinen H, Mattila R, Donati I, Marsich E, Paoletti S, Vallittu PK. Bioactive glass surface for fiber reinforced composite implants via surface etching by Excimer laser. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:664-670. [PMID: 27134152 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Biostable fiber-reinforced composites (FRC) prepared from bisphenol-A-glycidyldimethacrylate (BisGMA)-based thermosets reinforced with E-glass fibers are promising alternatives to metallic implants due to the excellent fatigue resistance and the mechanical properties matching those of bone. Bioactive glass (BG) granules can be incorporated within the polymer matrix to improve the osteointegration of the FRC implants. However, the creation of a viable surface layer using BG granules is technically challenging. In this study, we investigated the potential of Excimer laser ablation to achieve the selective removal of the matrix to expose the surface of BG granules. A UV-vis spectroscopic study was carried out to investigate the differences in the penetration of light in the thermoset matrix and BG. Thereafter, optimal Excimer laser ablation parameters were established. The formation of a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer on the surface of the laser-ablated specimens was verified in simulated body fluid (SBF). In addition, the proliferation of MG63 cells on the surfaces of the laser-ablated specimens was investigated. For the laser-ablated specimens, the pattern of proliferation of MG63 cells was comparable to that in the positive control group (Ti6Al4V). We concluded that Excimer laser ablation has potential for the creation of a bioactive surface on FRC-implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kulkova
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program and City of Turku Welfare Division, Itäinen pitkäkatu 4B (PharmaCity), FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Niko Moritz
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program and City of Turku Welfare Division, Itäinen pitkäkatu 4B (PharmaCity), FI-20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Hannu Huhtinen
- Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Riina Mattila
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program and City of Turku Welfare Division, Itäinen pitkäkatu 4B (PharmaCity), FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Eleonora Marsich
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza dell'Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sergio Paoletti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pekka K Vallittu
- Turku Clinical Biomaterials Centre (TCBC), Department of Biomaterials Science, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku and Biocity Turku Biomaterials Research Program and City of Turku Welfare Division, Itäinen pitkäkatu 4B (PharmaCity), FI-20520 Turku, Finland
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23
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Applegate MB, Partlow BP, Coburn J, Marelli B, Pirie C, Pineda R, Kaplan DL, Omenetto FG. Photocrosslinking of Silk Fibroin Using Riboflavin for Ocular Prostheses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2417-20. [PMID: 26821561 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A novel method to photocrosslink silk fibroin protein is reported, using riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a photoinitiator and the mechanism of crosslinking is determined. Exposure of riboflavin-doped liquid silk solution to light results in the formation of a transparent, elastic hydrogel. Several applications for this new material are investigated including corneal reshaping to restore visual acuity and photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Applegate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Benjamin P Partlow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Jeannine Coburn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Benedetto Marelli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Christopher Pirie
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| | - Roberto Pineda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby St., Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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24
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Rowthu S, Böhlen K, Bowen P, Hoffmann P. Surface 3D Micro Free Forms: Multifunctional Microstructured Mesoporous α-Alumina by in Situ Slip Casting Using Excimer Laser Ablated Polycarbonate Molds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24458-24469. [PMID: 26478952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ceramic surface microstructuring is a rapidly growing field with a variety of applications in tribology, wetting, biology, and so on. However, there are limitations to large-area microstructuring and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) micro free forms. Here, we present a route to obtain intricate surface structures through in situ slip casting using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) negative molds which are replicated from excimer laser ablated polycarbonate (PC) master molds. PC sheets are ablated with a nanosecond KrF (λ = 248 nm) excimer laser mask projection system to obtain micron-scale 3D surface features over a large area of up to 3 m(2). Complex surface structures that include 3D free forms such as 3D topography of Switzerland, shallow structures such as diffractive optical elements (60 nm step) and conical micropillars have been obtained. The samples are defect-free produced with thicknesses of up to 10 mm and 120 mm diameter. The drying process of the slip cast alumina slurry takes place as a one-dimensional process, through surface evaporation and water permeation through the PDMS membrane. This allows homogeneous one-dimensional shrinkage during the drying process, independent of the sample's lateral dimensions. A linear mass diffusion model has been proposed to predict and explain the drying process of these ceramic colloidal suspensions. The calculated drying time is linearly proportional to the height of the slurry and the thickness of the negatively structured PDMS and is validated by the experimental results. An experimentally observed optimum Sylgard PDMS thickness range of ∼400 μm to 1 mm has achieved the best quality microstructured green compacts. Further, the model predicts that the drying time is independent of the microstructured areas and was validated using experimental observations carried out with microstructured areas of 300 mm(2), 1200 mm(2), and 120 cm(2). Therefore, in principle, the structures can be further replicated in areas up to 3 m(2) with the same drying time for the same slurry height. The surface-structured ceramics display interesting wetting properties, for example, eicosane-coated mesoporous microstructured alumina shows superhydrophobic behavior. Additionally, ceramic bulk samples could be further used as second-generation very hard and low-wear molds for further microfabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriharitha Rowthu
- Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Karl Böhlen
- Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
| | - Paul Bowen
- Powder Technology Laboratory, Materials Science and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Hoffmann
- Advanced Materials Processing Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH-3602 Thun, Switzerland
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25
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Telitel S, Telitel S, Bosson J, Lalevée J, Clément JL, Godfroy M, Fillaut JL, Akdas-Kilig H, Guillaneuf Y, Gigmes D, Soppera O. UV-Induced Micropatterning of Complex Functional Surfaces by Photopolymerization Controlled by Alkoxyamines. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10026-10036. [PMID: 26301751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the use of an alkoxyamine (AA) for fabrication of functional micropatterns with complex structures by UV mask lithography. The living character of the polymer surface and the vertical spatial control of the repolymerization reaction from few tens of nanometers to few micrometers were demonstrated. The impact of the main parameters governing the controlled polymerization and the reinitiation process activated by light or heat was investigated. Micropatterning is shown to be a powerful method to investigate the physicochemical molecular phenomena. It is possible to control the polymer microstructure thickness from few tens of nanometers to few micrometers. In the last section, some applications are provided showing the potential of the AA for generating covalently bonded hydrophilic/hydrophobic micropatterns or luminescent surfaces. This demonstrates the high versatility and interest of this route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Telitel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Sofia Telitel
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Julien Bosson
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Godfroy
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Luc Fillaut
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Huriye Akdas-Kilig
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS UMR 6226, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 av. du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université , CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Soppera
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace 15 rue Jean Starcky, BP 2488, 68057 Mulhouse, Cedex, France
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26
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Tabetah M, Matei A, Constantinescu C, Mortensen NP, Dinescu M, Schou J, Zhigilei LV. The Minimum Amount of “Matrix” Needed for Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition of Biomolecules. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13290-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508284n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marshall Tabetah
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick
Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, United States
| | - Andreea Matei
- DTU
Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- INFLPR − National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Boulevard, Magurele, Bucharest RO-077125, Romania
| | - Catalin Constantinescu
- DTU
Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- INFLPR − National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Boulevard, Magurele, Bucharest RO-077125, Romania
| | - Ninell P. Mortensen
- DTU
Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis
Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Maria Dinescu
- INFLPR − National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor Boulevard, Magurele, Bucharest RO-077125, Romania
| | - Jørgen Schou
- DTU
Fotonik, Technical University of Denmark, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Leonid V. Zhigilei
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 395 McCormick
Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4745, United States
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27
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Lai YH, Chen BG, Lee YT, Wang YS, Lin SH. Contribution of thermal energy to initial ion production in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization observed with 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:1716-22. [PMID: 24975252 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although several reaction models have been proposed in the literature to explain matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), further study is still necessary to explore the important ionization pathways that occur under the high-temperature environment of MALDI. 2,4,6-Trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) is an ideal compound for evaluating the contribution of thermal energy to an initial reaction with minimum side reactions. METHODS Desorbed neutral THAP and ions were measured using a crossed-molecular beam machine and commercial MALDI-TOF instrument, respectively. A quantitative model incorporating an Arrhenius-type desorption rate derived from transition state theory was proposed. Reaction enthalpy was calculated using GAUSSIAN 03 software with dielectric effect. Additional evidence of thermal-induced proton disproportionation was given by the indirect ionization of THAP embedded in excess fullerene molecules excited by a 450 nm laser. RESULTS The quantitative model predicted that proton disproportionation of THAP would be achieved by thermal energy converted from a commonly used single UV laser photon. The dielectric effect reduced the reaction Gibbs free energy considerably even when the dielectric constant was reduced under high-temperature MALDI conditions. With minimum fitting parameters, observations of pure THAP and THAP mixed with fullerene both agreed with predictions. CONCLUSIONS Proton disproportionation of solid THAP was energetically favorable with a single UV laser photon. The quantitative model revealed an important initial ionization pathway induced by the abrupt heating of matrix crystals. In the matrix crystals, the dielectric effect reduced reaction Gibbs free energy under typical MALDI conditions. The result suggested that thermal energy plays an important role in the initial ionization reaction of THAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Hung Lai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
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28
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Simple and effective preparation of nano-pulverized curcumin by femtosecond laser ablation and the cytotoxic effect on C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:91-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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29
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Santander-Borrego M, Green DW, Chirila TV, Whittaker AK, Blakey I. Click functionalization of methacrylate-based hydrogels and their cellular response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriem Santander-Borrego
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for the Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - David W. Green
- The Queensland Eye Institute; 140 Melbourne Street, South Brisbane Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - Traian V. Chirila
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for the Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- The Queensland Eye Institute; 140 Melbourne Street, South Brisbane Queensland 4101 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Medicine; Herston Road Herston Queensland 4029 Australia
- Queensland University of Technology; Faculty of Science and Engineering; 2 George Street Brisbane Queensland 4001 Australia
- University of Western Australia; Faculty of Science; Crawley Western Australia 6009 Australia
| | - Andrew K. Whittaker
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for the Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- The Queensland Eye Institute; 140 Melbourne Street, South Brisbane Queensland 4101 Australia
- The University of Queensland; Centre for Advancing Imaging, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Idriss Blakey
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for the Bioengineering and Nanotechnology; St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland; Centre for Advancing Imaging, St Lucia Queensland 4072 Australia
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30
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Raos BJ, Unsworth CP, Costa JL, Rohde CA, Doyle CS, Delivopoulos E, Murray AF, Dickinson ME, Simpson MC, Graham ES, Bunting AS. Low cost, patterning of human hNT brain cells on parylene-C with UV & IR laser machining. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2013; 2013:862-5. [PMID: 24109824 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2013.6609637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the use of 800nm femtosecond infrared (IR) and 248nm nanosecond ultraviolet (UV) laser radiation in performing ablative micromachining of parylene-C on SiO2 substrates for the patterning of human hNT astrocytes. Results are presented that support the validity of using IR laser ablative micromachining for patterning human hNT astrocytes cells while UV laser radiation produces photo-oxidation of the parylene-C and destroys cell patterning. The findings demonstrate how IR laser ablative micromachining of parylene-C on SiO2 substrates can offer a low cost, accessible alternative for rapid prototyping, high yield cell patterning.
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31
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Masuhara H. Time-Resolved Spectroscopic and Imaging Studies on Laser Ablation of Molecular Systems: From Mechanistic Study to Bio/Nano Applications. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Masuhara
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University
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32
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Nottrodt N, Leonhäuser D, Bongard Y, Bremus-Köbberling E, Gillner A. Local ultraviolet laser irradiation for gradients on biocompatible polymer surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:999-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Nottrodt
- Biotechnology and Laser Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Dorothea Leonhäuser
- Biotechnology and Laser Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Yvonne Bongard
- Biotechnology and Laser Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Elke Bremus-Köbberling
- Biotechnology and Laser Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15; 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Arnold Gillner
- Biotechnology and Laser Therapy; Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology, Steinbachstrasse 15; 52074 Aachen Germany
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33
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Dygert NL, Pickel JM, Dingemans TJ, Haglund RF. All-aromatic polyetherimide and polyamide-imide thin films deposited by the infrared laser ablation. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008312452167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The thermo-oxidative stability and molecular weight were determined for polyimide and polyamide-imide thin films, deposited by resonant infrared laser ablation (RIR-LA). RIR-LA films were deposited at various wavelengths and compared with the traditional solution-cast films using thermogravimetric analysis. The RIR-LA films showed slightly lower oxidation temperatures, but the initial weight loss temperatures were greater. Since molecular weight is directly correlated with the physical and mechanical properties of the polymer, multiangle laser light scattering was employed to ascertain the weight-average molecular weight of the polymers before and after LA. The RIR-LA films exhibited slightly reduced weight-average molecular weight. This degradation has three possible sources: bond scission during LA, reduced solvent transfer leading to lower chain extension and hydrolysis caused by the presence of atmospheric water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Dygert
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joseph M. Pickel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Nanophase Material Science, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Theo J. Dingemans
- Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, HS Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Richard F. Haglund
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- W M Keck Foundation Free Electron Laser Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Zhang X, Liu H, Li H, Zhai T. Direct Nanopatterning Into Conjugated Polymers Using Interference Crosslinking. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Turunen S, Haaparanta AM, Äänismaa R, Kellomäki M. Chemical and topographical patterning of hydrogels for neural cell guidancein vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 7:253-70. [DOI: 10.1002/term.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Turunen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tampere University of Technology; Finland
| | | | - Riikka Äänismaa
- NeuroGroup, Institute for Biomedical Technology; University of Tampere; Finland
| | - Minna Kellomäki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Tampere University of Technology; Finland
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Langheinrich D, Yslas E, Broglia M, Rivarola V, Acevedo D, Lasagni A. Control of cell growth direction by direct fabrication of periodic micro- and submicrometer arrays on polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Mori T. Organic Charge-transfer Salts and the Component Molecules in Organic Transistors. CHEM LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2011.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Mukarakate C, Scheer AM, Robichaud DJ, Jarvis MW, David DE, Ellison GB, Nimlos MR, Davis MF. Laser ablation with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry for determining aromatic lignin volatilization products from biomass. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2011; 82:033104. [PMID: 21456715 DOI: 10.1063/1.3563704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have designed and developed a laser ablation∕pulsed sample introduction∕mass spectrometry platform that integrates pyrolysis (py) and∕or laser ablation (LA) with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS). Using this apparatus, we measured lignin volatilization products of untreated biomass materials. Biomass vapors are produced by either a custom-built hot stage pyrolysis reactor or laser ablation using the third harmonic of an Nd:YAG laser (355 nm). The resulting vapors are entrained in a free jet expansion of He, then skimmed and introduced into an ionization region. One color resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (1+1 REMPI) is used, resulting in highly selective detection of lignin subunits from complex vapors of biomass materials. The spectra obtained by py-REMPI-TOFMS and LA-REMPI-TOFMS display high selectivity and decreased fragmentation compared to spectra recorded by an electron impact ionization molecular beam mass spectrometer (EI-MBMS). The laser ablation method demonstrates the ability to selectively isolate and volatilize specific tissues within the same plant material and then detect lignin-based products from the vapors with enhanced sensitivity. The identification of select products observed in the LA-REMPI-TOFMS experiment is confirmed by comparing their REMPI wavelength scans with that of known standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin Mukarakate
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA.
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41
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Dorronsoro C, Schumacher S, Pérez-Merino P, Siegel J, Mrochen M, Marcos S. Effect of air-flow on the evaluation of refractive surgery ablation patterns. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:4653-4666. [PMID: 21369297 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.004653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
An Allegretto Eye-Q laser platform (Wavelight GmbH, Erlangen, Germany) was used to study the effect of air-flow speed on the ablation of artificial polymer corneas used for testing refractive surgery patterns. Flat samples of two materials (PMMA and Filofocon A) were ablated at four different air flow conditions. The shape and profile of the ablated surfaces were measured with a precise non-contact optical surface profilometer. Significant asymmetries in the measured profiles were found when the ablation was performed with the clinical air aspiration system, and also without air flow. Increasing air-flow produced deeper ablations, improved symmetry, and increased the repeatability of the ablation pattern. Shielding of the laser pulse by the plume of smoke during the ablation of plastic samples reduced the central ablation depth by more than 40% with no-air flow, 30% with clinical air aspiration, and 5% with 1.15 m/s air flow. A simple model based on non-inertial dragging of the particles by air flow predicts no central shielding with 2.3 m/s air flow, and accurately predicts (within 2 μm) the decrease of central ablation depth by shielding. The shielding effects for PMMA and Filofocon A were similar despite the differences in the ablation properties of the materials and the different full-shielding transmission coefficient, which is related to the number of particles ejected and their associated optical behavior. Air flow is a key factor in the evaluation of ablation patterns in refractive surgery using plastic models, as significant shielding effects are found with typical air-flow levels used under clinical conditions. Shielding effects can be avoided by tuning the air flow to the laser repetition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Dorronsoro
- Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain.
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Zainuddin, Chirila TV, Barnard Z, Watson GS, Toh C, Blakey I, Whittaker AK, Hill DJ. F2 excimer laser (157nm) radiation modification and surface ablation of PHEMA hydrogels and the effects on bioactivity: Surface attachment and proliferation of human corneal epithelial cells. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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UV Laser Ablation of Polymers: From Structuring to Thin Film Deposition. LASER-SURFACE INTERACTIONS FOR NEW MATERIALS PRODUCTION 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-03307-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Liu P, Cui H, Wang CX, Yang GW. From nanocrystal synthesis to functional nanostructure fabrication: laser ablation in liquid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:3942-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b918759f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Conforti PF, Prasad M, Garrison BJ. Elucidating the thermal, chemical, and mechanical mechanisms of ultraviolet ablation in poly(methyl methacrylate) via molecular dynamics simulations. Acc Chem Res 2008; 41:915-24. [PMID: 18662023 DOI: 10.1021/ar700278y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text]. Laser ablation harnesses photon energy to remove material from a surface. Although applications such as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, lithography, and nanoscale device fabrication take advantage of this process, a better understanding the underlying mechanism of ablation in polymeric materials remains much sought after. Molecular simulation is a particularly attractive technique to study the basic aspects of ablation because it allows control over specific process parameters and enables observation of microscopic mechanistic details. This Account describes a hybrid molecular dynamics-Monte Carlo technique to simulate laser ablation in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). It also discusses the impact of thermal and chemical excitation on the ensuing ejection processes. We used molecular dynamics simulation to study the molecular interactions in a coarse-grained PMMA substrate following photon absorption. To ascertain the role of chemistry in initiating ablation, we embedded a Monte Carlo protocol within the simulation framework. These calculations permit chemical reactions to occur probabilistically during the molecular dynamics calculation using predetermined reaction pathways and Arrhenius rates. With this hybrid scheme, we can examine thermal and chemical pathways of decomposition separately. In the simulations, we observed distinct mechanisms of ablation for each type of photoexcitation pathway. Ablation via thermal processes is governed by a critical number of bond breaks following the deposition of energy. For the case in which an absorbed photon directly causes a bond scission, ablation occurs following the rapid chemical decomposition of material. A detailed analysis of the processes shows that a critical energy for ablation can describe this complex series of events. The simulations show a decrease in the critical energy with a greater amount of photochemistry. Additionally, the simulations demonstrate the effects of the energy deposition rate on the ejection mechanism. When the energy is deposited rapidly, not allowing for mechanical relaxation of the sample, the formation of a pressure wave and subsequent tensile wave dominates the ejection process. This study provides insight into the influence of thermal, chemical, and mechanical processes in PMMA and facilitates greater understanding of the complex nature of polymer ablation. These simulations complement experiments that have used chemical design to harness the photochemical properties of materials to enhance laser ablation. We successfully fit the results of the simulations to established analytical models of both photothermal and photochemical ablation and demonstrate their relevance. Although the simulations are for PMMA, the mechanistic concepts are applicable to a large range of systems and provide a conceptual foundation for interpretation of experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F. Conforti
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Manish Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Barbara J. Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, 104 Chemistry Building, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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Alessandri I, Depero LE. Laser-induced modification of polymeric beads coated with gold nanoparticles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:305301. [PMID: 21828758 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/30/305301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A direct laser writing method for modifying colloidal crystals and single colloids is presented. This method takes advantage of the highly efficient conversion of photons into heat exhibited by gold nanoparticles. The easy control of experimental parameters allowed control of the spatial resolution of the patterns. This may open the way to practical applications for the technology.
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48
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Garrison BJ, Postawa Z. Computational view of surface based organic mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2008; 27:289-315. [PMID: 18421766 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface based mass spectrometric approaches fill an important niche in the mass analysis portfolio of tools. The particular niche depends on both the underlying physics and chemistry of molecule ejection as well as experimental characteristics. In this article, we use molecular dynamics computer simulations to elucidate the fundamental processes giving rise to ejection of organic molecules in atomic and cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), massive cluster impact (MCI) mass spectrometry, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. This review is aimed at graduate students and experimental researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Garrison
- Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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Coowanitwong I, Arya V, Patel G, Kim WS, Craciun V, Rocca JR, Singh R, Hochhaus G. Laser-ablated nanofunctional polymers for the formulation of slow-release powders for dry powder inhalers: physicochemical characterization and slow-release characteristics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 59:1473-84. [PMID: 17976257 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.11.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Recently, dry powder inhalation (DPI) powders coated with nanometre-thin layers of biodegradable polymers, prepared using pulse laser deposition (PLD), have been evaluated as a slow-release formulation for DPI use, with the goal of improving pulmonary selectivity. This paper describes evaluation of the chemical stability of one potential polymer, poly lactic acid (PLA), during the ablation process, the resulting respirable properties and potential cytotoxicity of coated glucocorticoid powders, and the resulting sustained-release characteristics of PLA-coated glucocorticoids creating using PLD. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) and budesonide (BUD) were used as two model glucocorticoids to determine pulmonary targeting (PT) in-vivo. The chemical stability of PLA was determined at various laser energy densities. The respirable fraction and the cytotoxicity of the micronized particles of TA and BUD, coated using optimum laser energy density, were determined. In-vitro dissolution profiles were generated for the coated/uncoated formulations and an ex-vivo receptor binding assay was used to determine PT in rats. Increasing laser energy density led to decreases in molecular weight and film density, and increases in degradation products, roughness and thickness of the film. The mean dissolution time of coated formulations of BUD was longer (4 h) than with the less lipophilic TA (2 h). This correlated well with a more pronounced pulmonary selectivity observed for coated BUD ex-vivo. Stability and the physical properties of the film correlated with the laser energy density. We observed a direct relationship between the dissolution rate of the uncoated and coated formulation and the degree of PT; however, physiochemical properties of the drug (e.g. lipophilicity) may also contribute to the improved PT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intira Coowanitwong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Sanrame CN, You Y, Talley M, Ivan MG, Scaiano J. Direct photobleaching of acrylates in polymethylsilsesquioxane films by 193nm irradiation. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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