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Kim KT, Henkelman G, Katz LE, Werth CJ. New Insights into Calcite Dissolution Mechanisms under Water, Proton, or Carbonic Acid-Dominated Conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:11331-11341. [PMID: 38907708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Carbonate minerals are ubiquitous in nature, and their dissolution impacts many environmentally relevant processes including preferential flow during geological carbon sequestration, pH buffering with climate-change induced ocean acidification, and organic carbon bioavailability in melting permafrost. In this study, we advance the atomic level understanding of calcite dissolution mechanisms to improve our ability to predict this complex process. We performed high pressure and temperature (1300 psi and 50 °C) batch experiments to measure transient dissolution of freshly cleaved calcite under H2O, H+, and H2CO3-dominated conditions, without and with an inhibitory anionic surfactant present. Before and after dissolution experiments, we measured dissolution etch-pit geometries using laser profilometry, and we used density functional theory to investigate relative adsorption energies of competing species that affect dissolution. Our results support the hypothesis that calcite dissolution is controlled by the ability of H2O to preferentially adsorb to surface Ca atoms over competing species, even when dissolution is dominated by H+ or H2CO3. More importantly, we identify for the first time that adsorbed H+ enhances the role of water by weakening surface Ca-O bonds. We also identify that H2CO3 undergoes dissociative adsorption resulting in adsorbed HCO3- and H+. Adsorbed HCO3- that competes with H2O for Ca acute edge sites inhibits dissolution, while adsorbed H+ at the neighboring surface of CO3 enhances dissolution. The net effect of the dissociative adsorption of H2CO3 is enhanced dissolution. These results will impact future efforts to more accurately model the impact of solutes in complex water matrices on carbonate mineral dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Tae Kim
- Department of Civil, Architecture & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78721, Unites States
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78721, United States
| | - Lynn E Katz
- Department of Civil, Architecture & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78721, Unites States
| | - Charles J Werth
- Department of Civil, Architecture & Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78721, Unites States
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2
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Folkerts EJ, Oehlert AM, Heuer RM, Nixon S, Stieglitz JD, Grosell M. The role of marine fish-produced carbonates in the oceanic carbon cycle is determined by size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170044. [PMID: 38244625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Rising CO2 emissions have heightened the necessity for increased understanding of Earth's carbon cycle to predict future climates. The involvement of marine planktonic species in the global carbon cycle has been extensively studied, but contributions by marine fish remain poorly characterized. Marine teleost fishes produce carbonate minerals ('ichthyocarbonates') within the lumen of their intestines which are excreted at significant rates on a global scale. However, we have limited understanding of the fate of excreted ichthyocarbonate. We analyzed ichthyocarbonate produced by three different marine teleosts for mol%MgCO3 content, size, specific gravity, and dissolution rate to gain a better understanding of ichthyocarbonate fate. Based on the species examined here, we report that 75 % of ichthyocarbonates are ≤0.91 mm in diameter. Analyses indicate high Mg2+ content across species (22.3 to 32.3 % mol%MgCO3), consistent with previous findings. Furthermore, ichthyocarbonate specific gravity ranged from 1.23 to 1.33 g/cm3, and ichthyocarbonate dissolution rates varied among species as a function of aragonite saturation state. Ichthyocarbonate sinking rates and dissolution depth were estimated for the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian ocean basins for the three species examined. In the North Atlantic, for example, ~33 % of examined ichthyocarbonates are expected to reach depths exceeding 200 m prior to complete dissolution. The remaining ~66 % of ichthyocarbonate is estimated to dissolve and contribute to shallow water alkalinity budgets. Considering fish biomass and ichthyocarbonate production rates, our results support that marine fishes are critical to the global carbon cycle, contributing to oceanic alkalinity budgets and thereby influencing the ability of the oceans to neutralize atmospheric CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America.
| | - Amanda M Oehlert
- Department of Marine Geosciences, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Sandy Nixon
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
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3
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Min KH, Kim DH, Pack SP. Size Control of Biomimetic Curved-Edge Vaterite with Chiral Toroid Morphology via Sonochemical Synthesis. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:174. [PMID: 38534858 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9030174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The metastable vaterite polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) holds significant practical importance, particularly in regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and various personal care products. Controlling the size and morphology of vaterite particles is crucial for biomedical applications. This study explored the synergistic effect of ultrasonic (US) irradiation and acidic amino acids on CaCO3 synthesis, specifically the size, dispersity, and crystallographic phase of curved-edge vaterite with chiral toroids (chiral-curved vaterite). We employed 40 kHz US irradiation and introduced L- or D-aspartic acid as an additive for the formation of spheroidal chiral-curved vaterite in an aqueous solution of CaCl2 and Na2CO3 at 20 ± 1 °C. Chiral-curved vaterites precipitated through mechanical stirring (without US irradiation) exhibited a particle size of approximately 15 μm, whereas those formed under US irradiation were approximately 6 μm in size and retained their chiral topoid morphology. When a fluorescent dye was used for the analysis of loading efficiency, the size-reduced vaterites with chiral morphology, produced through US irradiation, exhibited a larger loading efficiency than the vaterites produced without US irradiation. These results hold significant value for the preparation of biomimetic chiral-curved CaCO3, specifically size-reduced vaterites, as versatile biomaterials for material filling, drug delivery, and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ha Min
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
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4
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Basile M, Triunfo C, Gärtner S, Fermani S, Laurenzi D, Maoloni G, Mazzon M, Marzadori C, Adamiano A, Iafisco M, Montroni D, Gómez Morales J, Cölfen H, Falini G. Stearate-Coated Biogenic Calcium Carbonate from Waste Seashells: A Sustainable Plastic Filler. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11232-11242. [PMID: 38496946 PMCID: PMC10938433 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Waste seashells from aquaculture are a massive source of biogenic calcium carbonate (bCC) that can be a potential substitute for ground calcium carbonate and precipitated calcium carbonate. These last materials find several applications in industry after a surface coating with hydrophobic molecules, with stearate as the most used. Here, we investigate for the first time the capability of aqueous stearate dispersions to coat bCC powders from seashells of market-relevant mollusc aquaculture species, namely the oyster Crassostrea gigas, the scallop Pecten jacobaeus, and the clam Chamelea gallina. The chemical-physical features of bCC were extensively characterized by different analytical techniques. The results of stearate adsorption experiments showed that the oyster shell powder, which is the bCC with a higher content of the organic matrix, showed the highest adsorption capability (about 23 wt % compared to 10 wt % of geogenic calcite). These results agree with the mechanism proposed in the literature in which stearate adsorption mainly involves the formation of calcium stearate micelles in the dispersion before the physical adsorption. The coated bCC from oyster shells was also tested as fillers in an ethylene vinyl acetate compound used for the preparation of shoe soles. The obtained compound showed better mechanical performance than the one prepared using ground calcium. In conclusion, we can state that bCC can replace ground and precipitated calcium carbonate and has a higher stearate adsorbing capability. Moreover, they represent an environmentally friendly and sustainable source of calcium carbonate that organisms produce by high biological control over composition, polymorphism, and crystal texture. These features can be exploited for applications in fields where calcium carbonate with selected features is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria
Luisa Basile
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Triunfo
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Fano
Marine Center, viale
Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Stefanie Gärtner
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental
Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Laurenzi
- Plant
Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., Via Enrico Mattei, 1—Zona
Ind.le Campolungo, 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Gabriele Maoloni
- Plant
Ascoli Piceno, Finproject S.p.A., Via Enrico Mattei, 1—Zona
Ind.le Campolungo, 3100 Ascoli Piceno, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzon
- DiSTA,
Department
of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Environment, University of Bologna, via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Marzadori
- DiSTA,
Department
of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Environment, University of Bologna, via Fanin 40, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessio Adamiano
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Michele Iafisco
- Institute
of Science, Technology and Sustainability for Ceramics, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Granarolo 64, 48018 Faenza, Italy
| | - Devis Montroni
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jaime Gómez Morales
- Laboratorio
de Estudios Cristalográficos, Instituto
Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Avda Las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Department
of Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, University
of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, Box 714, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department
of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Xia H, Jiang K, Chen X, Chen Z, Yang R, Yin X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Yang W, Zhang Y. Research on the inhibitory properties and mechanism of carboxymethyl cellulose-modified sulfur quantum dots towards calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130106. [PMID: 38346628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
An eco-friendly antimicrobial sulfur quantum dot scale inhibitor (CMC-SQDs) synthesized using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) showed strong inhibition of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) at a concentration just below 1 mg/L, with an inhibition efficiency exceeding 99 %. However, the precise interaction process between CMC-SQDs and CaSO4 remains unclear. This article investigates the effectiveness of SQDs in inhibiting the formation of CaSO4 and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scales. Through static scale inhibition tests, molecular dynamics simulations, and quantum chemical calculations, the study aims to elucidate the different impacts of CMC-SQDs on CaSO4 and CaCO3 scale formation. The research focuses on understanding the relationship between the structural activity of CMC-SQDs and their scale-inhibiting performance and delving into the underlying mechanisms of scale inhibition. The findings describe the role of SQDs in a water-based solution, acting as persistent "nanodusts" that interact with calcium (Ca2+) ions and sulfate ions. CMC forms complexes with Ca2+ ions, and the presence of SQDs enhances the van der Waals force, indirectly increasing the resistance of associated ions and the binding energy on the surface of precipitated gypsum. Conversely, SQDs exhibit weak surface stability and have minimal binding energy when interacting with calcite, leading to limited occupation of available adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengtong Xia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kaixiang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Ruodong Yang
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Xiaoshuang Yin
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wenzhong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Henan Puyang Keliwei Chemical Co., Ltd, Henan 457000, China
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6
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Yang M, Tan L, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. The solubility product controls the rate of calcite dissolution in pure water and seawater. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2464-2472. [PMID: 38362434 PMCID: PMC10866361 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Quantification of calcite dissolution underpins climate and oceanographic modelling. We report the factors controlling the rate at which individual crystals of calcite dissolved. Clear, generic criteria based on the change of calcite particle dimensions measured microscopically with time are established to indicate if dissolution occurs under kinetic or thermodynamic control. The dissolution of calcite crystals into water is unambiguously revealed to be under thermodynamic control such that the rate at which the crystal dissolved is controlled by the rate of diffusion of ions from a saturated surface layer adjacent to the calcite surface. As such the dissolution rate is controlled by the true stoichiometric solubility product which is inferred from the microscopic measurement as a function of the concentration of NaCl. Comparison with accepted literature values shows that the role of ion pairing at high ionic strengths as in seawater, specifically that of CaCO3 and other ion pairs, exerts a significant influence since these equilibria control the amount of dissolved calcium and carbonate ions in the later of solution immediately adjacent to the solid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Yang
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | - Ling Tan
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
| | | | - Richard G Compton
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford UK
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7
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Azcárate-García T, Avila C, Figuerola B. Skeletal Mg content in common echinoderm species from Deception and Livingston Islands (South Shetland Islands, Antarctica) in the context of global change. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115956. [PMID: 38154175 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Echinoderms with high levels of magnesium (Mg) in their skeletons may be especially sensitive to ocean acidification, as the solubility of calcite increases with its Mg content. However, other structural characteristics and environmental/biological factors may affect skeletal solubility. To better understand which factors can influence skeletal mineralogy, we analyzed the Mg content of Antarctic echinoderms from Deception Island, an active volcano with reduced pH and relatively warm water temperatures, and Livingston Island. We found significant interclass and inter- and intraspecific differences in the Mg content, with asteroids exhibiting the highest levels, followed by ophiuroids and echinoids. Specimens exposed to hydrothermal fluids showed lower Mg levels, which may indicate local environmental effects. These patterns suggest that environmental factors such as seawater Mg2+/Ca2+ ratio and temperature may influence the Mg content of some echinoderms and affect their susceptibility to future environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Azcárate-García
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Conxita Avila
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Blanca Figuerola
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, Barcelona 08003, Catalonia, Spain.
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8
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Zhu G, Wei Z, Wu X, Li Y. New insights into the dolomitization and dissolution mechanisms of dolomite-calcite (104)/(110) crystal boundary: An implication to geologic carbon sequestration process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166273. [PMID: 37586510 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is a promising strategy to reduce the harm of CO2 due to the rapidly increased fossil fuel combustion. Dolomitization and dissolution processes of deeply buried carbonate reservoirs significantly impact the potential of GCS. However, previous investigations mainly focus on the macroscopic batch experiments, the mechanisms at atomic level are still unclear especially for crystal boundary, but urgently required. Herein, the GCS potential and the effects of boundary dissolution on calcite and dolomite were investigated based on both analytical and simulation methods such as molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, to deeply unveil the mechanisms of dolomitization and formation of intergranular secondary pores from the atomic perspective. The morphology results indicated that the dissolution of calcite and dolomite in carbonic acid solution started via the edges and corners. In addition, the simulated results showed that the carbon sequestration potential presented an order in dolomite (PMg50%) > PMg40% > PMg30% > PMg20% > PMg10% > calcite by dolomitization due to the reduced bulk volume but increased lattice stress. Furthermore, both electrons transfer and diffusion coefficients results suggested that the (104)/(110) boundary was preferentially dissolved as compared to the (104) and (110) planes, indicating that crystal boundary was beneficial to the formation of pores for the oil and gas storage, but harmful to the stability of long-term GCS. Therefore, this study, for the first time, provides new insights into uncovering the mechanisms of the GCS process in depth, from an atomic level focusing on the crystal boundary, thereby promoting the understand of the long-term evolution for both calcite and dolomite in deep reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyou Zhu
- Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhenlun Wei
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Yubiao Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China.
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9
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Luo W, Li Z, Zhang L, Xie X. Polyethylenimine-CO2 adduct templated CaCO3 nanoparticles as anticancer drug carrier. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-023-00156-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Due to their porous structure and capability to degrade under acidic conditions, CaCO3 nanoparticles in vaterite form can be used as carriers to effectively deliver drugs to low-pH sites such as tumors. The usually used intravenous administration requires long-term vaterite phase and colloidal stability for storage and blood circulation. While passive accumulation in tumors can be achieved via the enhanced permeation and retention effect, active accumulation requires reactive groups on vaterite nanoparticles to conjugate targeting molecules. Both requirements are hard to achieve in one simple and economical vaterite formulation. Herein, we used polyethylenimine (PEI)-based CO2 adduct as both a CO2 source and a template for vaterite mineralization to generate PEI-CO2@CaCO3 colloidal particles, with reactive amino groups from the PEI template.
Results
The obtained nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 200–300 nm have a vaterite phase and colloidal stability in an aqueous solution for over 8 months. These nanoparticles could effectively load anticancer drug doxorubicin via coprecipitation and be surface-modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and folic acid for long-term blood circulation and tumor targeting purposes, respectively. After being endocytosed, the PEI-CO2 adduct accelerates the dissolution of drug-loaded nanoparticles to generate CO2 bubbles to break the lysosomes, leading to rapid doxorubicin delivery inside tumor cells. The degradation of PEI-CO2 in the CaCO3 nanoparticles could also release PEI and CO2 and may contribute to the disruption of normal cellular functions. As a result, the drug-loaded PEI-CO2@CaCO3 nanoparticles strongly suppressed tumor growth in mice with HeLa tumor xenografts.
Conclusions
A new and effective vaterite drug carrier for anticancer therapy has been developed using PEI-CO2 adduct as both a CO2 source and vaterite template for CaCO3 mineralization. This delivery system illustrates an application of CO2 generation materials in drug delivery and has the potential for further development.
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10
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Joseph CJ, Renjith KR, Santhosh R, Ihjas K, M D, Naveena K. Distribution of geochemical forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in the surface sediments of Beypore Estuary, southwestern coast of India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1458. [PMID: 37950836 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12054-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient management in shallow transitional aquatic systems is very complex due to the sediment-water exchange, especially for phosphorus. The present study tries to get an in-depth understanding of the distribution of geochemical forms of phosphorus in the surface sediments of Beypore Estuary, a tropical estuarine system in southwest India, which has been subjected to immense climate change in recent times. Total phosphorus in the sediments was found to be abysmally lower (76.8 to 889.12 µg/g) than those reported for other tropical estuaries. Organic-bound phosphorus constituted the majority of the total phosphorus in the sediments, and unlike other tropical estuaries, iron-bound and calcium-bound phosphorus were minor fractions in the study region. However, the bioavailable phosphorus was consistent throughout the study period and varied from 16.5 to 51.0% of total phosphorus. This reveals the active phosphorus buffering in the Beypore Estuary even in the absence of an external source. Statistical evaluation of two contrasting seasons (low and high runoff periods) could illustrate the major biogeochemical pathways for phosphorus in the Beypore Estuary. This study highlights the significant role of hydrographical parameters in regulating phosphorus bioavailability in this estuary; therefore, any modifications to the same by climate change could make nutrient management even more challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindrella Joy Joseph
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
| | - K R Renjith
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India.
| | - Rose Santhosh
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
| | - K Ihjas
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
| | - Digilarani M
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
| | - K Naveena
- KSCSTE-Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM), Kunnamangalam, Kozhikode, 673 571, Kerala, India
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11
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Khudhur FWK, MacDonald JM, Daly L, Macente A, Spruženiece L, Griffin S, Wilson C. Microstructural analysis of slag properties associated with calcite precipitation due to passive CO 2 mineralization. Micron 2023; 174:103532. [PMID: 37683551 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
CO2 mineralization in slag has gained significant attention since it occurs with minimal human intervention and energy input. While the amount of theoretical CO2 that can be captured within slag has been quantified based on slag composition in several studies, the microstructural and mineralogical effects of slag on its ability to capture CO2 have not been fully addressed. In this work, the CO2 uptake within legacy slag samples is analyzed through microstructural characterization. Slag samples were collected from the former Ravenscraig steelmaking site in Lanarkshire, Scotland. The collected samples were studied using X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) to understand the distribution and geometry of pore space, as well as with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to visualize the distribution of elements within the studied samples. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to study the minerals distribution. The samples were also characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and the amount of captured CO2 was quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Our results demonstrate that CO2 uptake occurs to the extent of ∼9-30 g CO2/ kg slag. The studied samples are porous in nature, with pore space occupying up to ∼30% of their volumes, and they are dominated by åkermanite-gehlenite minerals which interact with the atmospheric CO2 slowly at ambient conditions. EDS and EBSD results illustrate that the precipitated carbonate in slag is calcite, and that the precipitation of calcite is accompanied by the formation of a Si-O-rich layer. The provided analysis concludes that the porous microstructure as well as the minerals distribution in slag should be considered in forecasting and designing large-scale solutions for passive CO2 mineralization in slag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal W K Khudhur
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - John M MacDonald
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, NSW, Australia; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Alice Macente
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XJ, UK; School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Liene Spruženiece
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Geoanalytical Electron Microscopy and Spectroscopy (GEMS) Laboratory, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sammy Griffin
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Claire Wilson
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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12
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Kaushal SS, Likens GE, Mayer PM, Shatkay RR, Shelton SA, Grant SB, Utz RM, Yaculak AM, Maas CM, Reimer JE, Bhide SV, Malin JT, Rippy MA. The Anthropogenic Salt Cycle. NATURE REVIEWS. EARTH & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 4:770-784. [PMID: 38515734 PMCID: PMC10953805 DOI: 10.1038/s43017-023-00485-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing salt production and use is shifting the natural balances of salt ions across Earth systems, causing interrelated effects across biophysical systems collectively known as freshwater salinization syndrome. In this Review, we conceptualize the natural salt cycle and synthesize increasing global trends of salt production and riverine salt concentrations and fluxes. The natural salt cycle is primarily driven by relatively slow geologic and hydrologic processes that bring different salts to the surface of the Earth. Anthropogenic activities have accelerated the processes, timescales and magnitudes of salt fluxes and altered their directionality, creating an anthropogenic salt cycle. Global salt production has increased rapidly over the past century for different salts, with approximately 300 Mt of NaCl produced per year. A salt budget for the USA suggests that salt fluxes in rivers can be within similar orders of magnitude as anthropogenic salt fluxes, and there can be substantial accumulation of salt in watersheds. Excess salt propagates along the anthropogenic salt cycle, causing freshwater salinization syndrome to extend beyond freshwater supplies and affect food and energy production, air quality, human health and infrastructure. There is a need to identify environmental limits and thresholds for salt ions and reduce salinization before planetary boundaries are exceeded, causing serious or irreversible damage across Earth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay S Kaushal
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Gene E Likens
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY, USA
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Paul M Mayer
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, OR, USA
| | - Ruth R Shatkay
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sydney A Shelton
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stanley B Grant
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
- Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | - Alexis M Yaculak
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Carly M Maas
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jenna E Reimer
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shantanu V Bhide
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
| | - Joseph T Malin
- Department of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Megan A Rippy
- Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, The Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA, USA
- Center for Coastal Studies, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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13
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da Silva DFM, da Silva LML, Garnier J, Araújo DF, Mulholland DS. Linking multivariate statistical methods and water quality indices to evaluate the natural and anthropogenic geochemical processes controlling the water quality of a tropical watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1240. [PMID: 37737924 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of water management requires monitoring techniques that accurately evaluate water quality status and detect the effects of land use changes on water chemistry. This study aimed to evaluate how multivariate statistical methods and water quality indices can be applied together to evaluate the processes controlling water chemical composition and the overall water quality status of a tropical watershed. Thirty-four water samples were collected in the Formoso River basin, located on the border of the Amazon Forest. Water parameters were measured in situ using a multiparameter and in the lab using spectroscopic and volumetric techniques. The water quality dataset was interpreted through principal component analysis, multivariate linear regression, and water quality indices. Statistical methods allowed us to identify the sources and geochemical processes controlling water quality chemistry, which were carbonate dissolution, runoff/erosion, nutrient input due to anthropogenic activities, and redox reactions in flooded zones. They were also used to create linear functions to evaluate the effects of land use changes on the geochemical processes controlling water chemistry. Conversely, the water quality indices provide information about the overall condition of the water. The Weight-Arithmetic Quality Index correctly evaluates water suitability for its multiple uses, according to the Brazilian guidelines. Conversely, the Ontario Water Quality Index is not suitable to evaluate the water quality of tropical rivers, since the usual higher water temperature and the low oxygen contents associated with tropical environments result in biased water quality evaluations by this index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Francisca Morais da Silva
- Laboratório de Águas e Efluentes e Laboratório de Análises Ambientais - Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Letícia Mariana Lopes da Silva
- Laboratório de Águas e Efluentes e Laboratório de Análises Ambientais - Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Garnier
- Laboratório de Geoquímica - Instituto de Geociências, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Riberio, , Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Daniel Ferreira Araújo
- Ifremer, CCEM-Contamination Chimique des Ecosystèmes Marins, F-44000, Nantes (Loire-Atlantique), France
| | - Daniel Santos Mulholland
- Laboratório de Águas e Efluentes e Laboratório de Análises Ambientais - Química Ambiental, Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Rua Badejós, Lote 7, Chácaras 69/72, Gurupi, Tocantins, 77402-970, Brazil.
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14
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Liu Y, Wu J, Chen J, Liu S, Xu H, Yang Q, Xu F, Guo Y, Jiang B. Robust electrolysis system divided by bipolar electrode and non-conductive membrane for energy-efficient calcium hardness removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138797. [PMID: 37116725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an energy-efficient divided bipolar electrolysis system was developed for water softening, where two PTFE membranes were used as the separating materials and a bipolar electrode was employed to enhance the H2O-splitting reactions. As compared with other two operation modes, the optimum calcium harness removal efficiencies of 85% and 57% could be reached in the induction cathode effluent and terminal effluent, respectively, at 8 mA cm-2 in the mode A. Increasing the current density from 5 to 20 mA cm-2 evidently promoted the removal of calcium hardness from 33% to 65% in the terminal effluent and the CaCO3 precipitation rate from 743 to 1462 gCaCO3 h-1 m-2 with the increased energy consumption from 0.53 to 2.2 kWh kg-1CaCO3. The optimized Ca2+/HCO3- molar ratio was 1:1.2 for the calcium hardness removal. In addition, increasing the flow rate into each cathode chamber from 10 to 40 mL min-1 gradually decreased from 67% to 35%. The calcium hardness was mainly removed in the forms of vaterite and calcite in the alkaline effluents and was marginally precipitated as aragonite and calcite on the cathodes surface. Generally, present energy-efficient electrochemical water softening system showed great potential for application in industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Jingli Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Shuliang Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Qipeng Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Fengqi Xu
- SunRui Marine Environment Engineering Company Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Yu Guo
- SunRui Marine Environment Engineering Company Ltd, Qingdao, 266033, PR China
| | - Bo Jiang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266033, PR China.
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15
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Zha J, Huang Q, Liu X, Han X, Guo H. Removal of Calcareous Concretions from Marine Archaeological Ceramics by Means of a Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2929. [PMID: 37447574 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of calcareous concretions on the surface of marine archaeological ceramics is a frequently observed phenomenon. It is necessary to remove these materials when the deposits obscure the feature of ceramics. Unfortunately, calcareous concretions provide distinctive documentation of the burning history of ceramics. The interaction of acid solution or detachment of the deposit layers in physical ways leads to the loss of archeological information. To prevent the loss of archeological information and to achieve precise and gentle concretion removal, responsive hydrogel cleaning systems have been developed. The hydrogels synthesized are composed of networks of poly(vinyl acetate)/sodium alginate that exhibit desirable water retention properties, are responsive to Ca2+ ions, and do not leave any residues after undergoing cleaning treatment. Four distinct compositions were selected. The study of water retention properties involved quantifying the weight changes. The composition was obtained from Fourier transform infrared spectra. The microstructure was obtained from scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were obtained from rheological measurements. To demonstrate both the efficiency and working mechanism of the selected hydrogels, a representative study of mocked samples is presented first. After selecting the most appropriate hydrogel composite, a cleaning process was implemented on the marine archaeological ceramics. This article demonstrates the advantages of stimuli-responsive hydrogels in controlling the release of acid solution release, thereby surpassing the limitations of traditional cleaning methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrui Zha
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qijun Huang
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangna Han
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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16
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Shaked N, Addadi S, Goliand I, Fox S, Barinova S, Weiner S. Intra- to extracellular crystallization of calcite in the freshwater green algae Phacotus lenticularis. Acta Biomater 2023:S1742-7061(23)00344-6. [PMID: 37348777 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Phacotus lenticularis is a freshwater unicellular green alga that forms lens-shaped calcitic shells around the cell. We documented P. lenticularis biomineralization pathways in live daughter cells while still within the reproductive complex, using scanning confocal microscopy and after vitrification using cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). We show that some or all of the calcium ions required for mineral formation enter the cell thorough endocytosis, as inferred from the uptake of calcein fluorescent dye. Ions first concentrate inside intracellular vesicles to form small crystals that were detected by birefringence, reflectance, and cryo-SEM of cells in near-native, hydrated state. The crystals later exit the cell and build up the lens-shaped shell. The small crystals first cover the outer lorica surface and later fuse to form a thin continuous shell. This is most likely followed by a second shell maturation phase in which the shell undergoes thickening and crystal reorganization. Crystal assembly within the confined protected volume of the reproduction complex allows controlled shell formation outside the daughter cell. Only two other unicellular marine calcifiers, coccolithophores and miliolid foraminifera, are known to perform intracellular crystal formation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposition in aquatic environments is a major component of the global carbon cycle which determines the CO2 content of the atmosphere. In freshwater ecosystems, the green alga Phacotus lenticularis is considered the main contributor of autochthonous calcite precipitation and the only algal species known to form its shell through a controlled process. The chemical and ecological effects of P. lenticularis are intensively investigated, but the knowledge of its shell formation is limited. We used advanced confocal laser scanning microscopy and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) to provide new insights into mineral formation and trafficking in the calcifying P. lenticularis cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noy Shaked
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Sefi Addadi
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Inna Goliand
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Steve Fox
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Sophia Barinova
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
| | - Steve Weiner
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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17
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Bullock LA, Alcalde J, Tornos F, Fernandez-Turiel JL. Geochemical carbon dioxide removal potential of Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 867:161287. [PMID: 36587666 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many countries have made pledges to reduce CO2 emissions over the upcoming decades to meet the Paris Agreement targets of limiting warming to no >1.5 °C, aiming for net zero by mid-century. To achieve national reduction targets, there is a further need for CO2 removal (CDR) approaches on a scale of millions of tonnes, necessitating a better understanding of feasible methods. One approach that is gaining attention is geochemical CDR, encompassing (1) in-situ injection of CO2-rich gases into Ca and Mg-rich rocks for geological storage by mineral carbonation, (2) ex-situ ocean alkalinity enhancement, enhanced weathering and mineral carbonation of alkaline-rich materials, and (3) electrochemical separation processes. In this context, Spain may host a notionally high geochemical CDR capacity thanks to its varied geological setting, including extensive mafic-ultramafic and carbonate rocks. However, pilot schemes and large-scale strategies for CDR implementation are presently absent in-country, partly due to gaps in current knowledge and lack of attention paid by regulatory bodies. Here, we identify possible materials, localities and avenues for future geochemical CDR research and implementation strategies within Spain. This study highlights the kilotonne to million tonne scale CDR options for Spain over the rest of the century, with attention paid to chemically and mineralogically appropriate materials, suitable implementation sites and potential strategies that could be followed. Mafic, ultramafic and carbonate rocks, mine tailings, fly ashes, slag by-products, desalination brines and ceramic wastes hosted and produced in Spain are of key interest, with industrial, agricultural and coastal areas providing opportunities to launch pilot schemes. Though there are obstacles to reaching the maximum CDR potential, this study helps to identify focused targets that will facilitate overcoming such barriers. The CDR potential of Spain warrants dedicated investigations to achieve the highest possible CDR to make valuable contributions to national reduction targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Bullock
- Geosciences Barcelona (GEO3BCN), CSIC, Lluis Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Juan Alcalde
- Geosciences Barcelona (GEO3BCN), CSIC, Lluis Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Tornos
- Instituto de Geociencias (IGEO, CSIC-UCM), Dr Severo Ochoa, 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Alharbi T, El-Sorogy AS. Quality and groundwater contamination of Wadi Hanifa, central Saudi Arabia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:525. [PMID: 36995444 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In arid and semi-arid regions, freshwater is mainly acquired from groundwater. Over the years, human activities have reduced the latter's quality, making it a threat to health. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI), metal index (MI), groundwater quality index (GWQI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium ratio (MR), Kelly's ratio (KR), and sodium percentage (Na%) were applied as pollution parameters and indices in assessing the groundwater's suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in Wadi Hanifa in Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected from 26 sites, and a physicochemical analysis and heavy metal analysis were conducted. The results showed a concentration of SO42-, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3-, Na+, Mg2+, and K+, which is higher than the WHO standards for drinking water. 96.15% of the water samples (n = 25) fell under the Ca-Cl groundwater dominant facies type, and one model fell under the mixed type. According to the GWQI classification, 16.66%, 50%, and 26.92% of the collected samples are categorized as very poor, poor, and generally unsuitable for human consumption, respectively. Parameters such as SAR, KR, and Na% are indicative of irrigation water. The study's primary factors affecting the groundwater chemistry included the natural processes of precipitation or dissolution of the silicates, carbonates, and evaporites alongside anthropogenic activities and soil leaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Alharbi
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdelbaset S El-Sorogy
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, College of Science, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, P.O Box: 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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19
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Fakhreeva AV, Nosov VV, Voloshin AI, Dokichev VA. Polysaccharides as Effective and Environmentally Friendly Inhibitors of Scale Deposition from Aqueous Solutions in Technological Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061478. [PMID: 36987258 PMCID: PMC10059850 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we consider natural and modified polysaccharides for use as active ingredients in scale deposition inhibitors to prevent the formation of scale in oil production equipment, heat exchange equipment, and water supply systems. Modified and functionalized polysaccharides with a strong ability to inhibit the formation of deposits of typical scale, such as carbonates and sulfates of alkaline earth elements found in technological processes, are described. This review discusses the mechanisms of the inhibition of crystallization using polysaccharides, and the various methodological aspects of evaluating their effectiveness are considered. This review also provides information on the technological application of scale deposition inhibitors based on polysaccharides. Special attention is paid to the environmental aspect of the use of polysaccharides in industry as scale deposition inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsu Venerovna Fakhreeva
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Iosifovich Voloshin
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
- RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa 450103, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-470-6695
| | - Vladimir Anatolyevich Dokichev
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa 450054, Russia
- RN–BashNIPIneft LLC, Ufa 450103, Russia
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20
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Meng J, Chen S, Wang J, Chen Z, Zhang J. Experimental Study on the Dissolution Characteristics and Microstructure of Carbonate Rocks under the Action of Thermal-Hydraulic-Chemical Coupling. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1828. [PMID: 36902944 PMCID: PMC10003850 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Microdamage in a rock induces a change in the rock's internal structure, affecting the stability and strength of the rock mass. To determine the influence of dissolution on the pore structure of rocks, the latest continuous flow microreaction technology was used, and a rock hydrodynamic pressure dissolution test device simulating multifactor coupling conditions was independently developed. The micromorphology characteristics of carbonate rock samples before and after dissolution were explored using computed tomography (CT) scanning. To conduct the dissolution test on 64 rock samples under 16 groups of working conditions, 4 rock samples under 4 groups were scanned by CT under working conditions, twice before and after corrosion. Subsequently, the changes in the dissolution effect and pore structure before and after dissolution were quantitatively compared and analyzed. The results show that the dissolution results were directly proportional to the flow rate, temperature, dissolution time, and hydrodynamic pressure. However, the dissolution results were inversely proportional to the pH value. The characterization of the pore structure changes before and after sample erosion is challenging. After erosion, the porosity, pore volume, and aperture of rock samples increased; however, the number of pores decreased. Under acidic conditions near the surface, carbonate rock microstructure changes can directly reflect structural failure characteristics. Consequently, heterogeneity, the presence of unstable minerals, and a large initial pore size result in the formation of large pores and a new pore system. This research provides the foundation and assistance for predicting the dissolution effect and evolution law of dissolved pores in carbonate rocks under multifactor coupling, offering a crucial guide for engineering design and construction in karst areas.
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21
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da Silva AF, Fernandes HLS, Pessoa FLP. An equilibrium model for simulating the deposition of calcium carbonate in cooling towers. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-022-00289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Paunova-Krasteva T, Hemdan BA, Dimitrova PD, Damyanova T, El-Feky AM, Elbatanony MM, Stoitsova S, El-Liethy MA, El-Taweel GE, El Nahrawy AM. Hybrid Chitosan/CaO-Based Nanocomposites Doped with Plant Extracts from Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach: Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activities. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Nahi O, Kulak AN, Zhang S, He X, Aslam Z, Ilett MA, Ford IJ, Darkins R, Meldrum FC. Polyamines Promote Aragonite Nucleation and Generate Biomimetic Structures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2203759. [PMID: 36403251 PMCID: PMC9811428 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate biomineralization is remarkable for the ability of organisms to produce calcite or aragonite with perfect fidelity, where this is commonly attributed to specific anionic biomacromolecules. However, it is proven difficult to mimic this behavior using synthetic or biogenic anionic organic molecules. Here, it is shown that cationic polyamines ranging from small molecules to large polyelectrolytes can exert exceptional control over calcium carbonate polymorph, promoting aragonite nucleation at extremely low concentrations but suppressing its growth at high concentrations, such that calcite or vaterite form. The aragonite crystals form via particle assembly, giving nanoparticulate structures analogous to biogenic aragonite, and subsequent growth yields stacked aragonite platelets comparable to structures seen in developing nacre. This mechanism of polymorph selectivity is captured in a theoretical model based on these competing nucleation and growth effects and is completely distinct from the activity of magnesium ions, which generate aragonite by inhibiting calcite. Profiting from these contrasting mechanisms, it is then demonstrated that polyamines and magnesium ions can be combined to give unprecedented control over aragonite formation. These results give insight into calcite/aragonite polymorphism and raise the possibility that organisms may exploit both amine-rich organic molecules and magnesium ions in controlling calcium carbonate polymorph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ouassef Nahi
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | | | - Shuheng Zhang
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Xuefeng He
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Zabeada Aslam
- School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Martha A. Ilett
- School of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Ian J. Ford
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
| | - Robert Darkins
- London Centre for NanotechnologyUniversity College London17–19 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AHUK
| | - Fiona C. Meldrum
- School of ChemistryUniversity of LeedsWoodhouse LaneLeedsLS2 9JTUK
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24
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Evidence for late-glacial oceanic carbon redistribution and discharge from the Pacific Southern Ocean. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6250. [PMID: 36369161 PMCID: PMC9652385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Southern Ocean deep-water circulation plays a vital role in the global carbon cycle. On geological time scales, upwelling along the Chilean margin likely contributed to the deglacial atmospheric carbon dioxide rise, but little quantitative evidence exists of carbon storage. Here, we develop an X-ray Micro-Computer-Tomography method to assess foraminiferal test dissolution as proxy for paleo-carbonate ion concentrations ([CO32-]). Our subantarctic Southeast Pacific sediment core depth transect shows significant deep-water [CO32-] variations during the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation (10-22 ka BP). We provide evidence for an increase in [CO32-] during the early-deglacial period (15-19 ka BP) in Lower Circumpolar Deepwater. The export of such low-carbon deep-water from the Pacific to the Atlantic contributed to significantly lowered carbon storage within the Southern Ocean, highlighting the importance of a dynamic Pacific-Southern Ocean deep-water reconfiguration for shaping late-glacial oceanic carbon storage, and subsequent deglacial oceanic-atmospheric CO2 transfer.
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25
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Edgar M, Hamdan N, Morales D, Boyer TH. Phosphorus removal by steel slag from tile drainage water: Lab and field evaluations. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135850. [PMID: 35964717 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Basic oxygen furnace (BOF) and blast furnace (BF) steel slags are well suited for phosphorous (P) removal from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff. However, the reported mechanism(s) of removal varies from study to study which complicates implementation for unique environmental conditions that may interfere with the removal mechanism(s). This work compared laboratory column experiments and field filter experiments to provide insights on the influence of relevant field conditions (water alkalinity, slag grain size distribution, BF:BOF slag ratio, and water stagnation) on P removal by BF and BOF steel slag mixtures. Alkalinity was the most influential variable in lab-scale slag columns that received 250 mg/L alkalinity water and achieved complete P removal throughout the 3-h experiment, while identical columns receiving 500 mg/L alkalinity water averaged 52% P removal and only 14% removal after 2.5 h. Batch regeneration and adsorption experiments were conducted on the exhumed BOF/BF slag mixture from the field filter to evaluate strategies for increasing field P removal capacity. The adsorption capacity of steel slags was effectively regenerated by 0.01 M Al2(SO4)3, which allowed for an additional 34% P removal in batch adsorption tests. The acid neutralization capacity of slag samples was effectively regenerated by 1 M NaOH, which allowed previously expended slag to reach a pH of 9.7 even in high alkalinity test water. The results presented here show that BF slag and Al2(SO4)3 regeneration of BF slag is best suited for high alkalinity influent conditions and removes P through adsorption while BOF slag and NaOH regeneration perform best under low alkalinity conditions and removes P through mineral precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Edgar
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA.
| | - Nasser Hamdan
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Dominic Morales
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
| | - Treavor H Boyer
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment (SSEBE), Arizona State University, PO Box 873005, Tempe, AZ, 85287-3005, USA
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26
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Meng J, Chen S, Wang J, Chen Z, Zhang J. Development and Application of Carbonate Dissolution Test Equipment under Thermal-Hydraulic-Chemical Coupling Condition. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:7383. [PMID: 36295447 PMCID: PMC9610596 DOI: 10.3390/ma15207383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The latest continuous flow micro reaction technology was adopted to independently develop carbonate rock dissolution test equipment. Carbonate rock dissolution tests were conducted under different temperatures, flow rates, and dynamic water pressure conditions to study the dissolution process of carbonate rocks under the coupling of heat-water-chemistry. The dissolution effect and development law of carbonate rocks were explored by quantitatively studying carbonate rock dissolution rate and chemical composition of karst water. The results showed that the self-designed dissolution test equipment has obvious advantages. After dissolution, carbonate rock specimens were damaged to varying degrees. The dissolution rate was proportional to water velocity and hydrodynamic pressure, with the velocity effect being greater than the hydrodynamic pressure effect. The pH value, conductivity, and Ca2+ ion content of the reaction solution gradually increased after dissolution. The development and application of the equipment have proved that, at low dynamic water pressures (2 MPa), the water flow velocity effect on the dissolution velocity was 1.5 times that when the dynamic water pressure was high (6 MPa); at a low water flow velocity of 15 mL/min, the dynamic water pressure effect on the dissolution velocity was three times that when the water flow velocity was high (75 mL/min). The development process is gradually becoming strong and stable. Its research has important theoretical significance and engineering application value to provide technical means and guarantee for the early identification, karst development, and safety evaluation of karst geological disasters.
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27
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Fan X, Batchelor-McAuley C, Yang M, Compton RG. Single Calcite Particle Dissolution Kinetics: Revealing the Influence of Mass Transport. ACS MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AU 2022; 2:422-429. [PMID: 36785660 PMCID: PMC9885995 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcite dissolution kinetics at the single particle scale are determined. It is demonstrated that at high undersaturation and in the absence of inhibitors the particulate mineral dissolution rate is controlled by a saturated calcite surface in local equilibrium with dissolved Ca2+ and CO3 2- coupled with rate determining diffusive transport of the ions away from the surface. Previous work is revisited and inconsistencies arising from the assumption of a surface-controlled reaction are highlighted. The data have implications for ocean modeling of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Fan
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Minjun Yang
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, Great Britain
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28
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Mineralogy, morphology, and reaction kinetics of ureolytic bio-cementation in the presence of seawater ions and varying soil materials. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17100. [PMID: 36224231 PMCID: PMC9556692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21268-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbially-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is a bio-cementation process that can improve the engineering properties of granular soils through the precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals on soil particle surfaces and contacts. The technology has advanced rapidly as an environmentally conscious soil improvement method, however, our understanding of the effect of changes in field-representative environmental conditions on the physical and chemical properties of resulting precipitates has remained limited. An improved understanding of the effect of subsurface geochemical and soil conditions on process reaction kinetics and the morphology and mineralogy of bio-cementation may be critical towards enabling successful field-scale deployment of the technology and improving our understanding of the long-term chemical permanence of bio-cemented soils in different environments. In this study, thirty-five batch experiments were performed to specifically investigate the influence of seawater ions and varying soil materials on the mineralogy, morphology, and reaction kinetics of ureolytic bio-cementation. During experiments, differences in reaction kinetics were quantified to identify conditions inhibiting CaCO3 precipitation and ureolysis. Following experiments, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and chemical composition analyses were employed to quantify differences in mineralogical compositions and material morphology. Ions present in seawater and variations in soil materials were shown to significantly influence ureolytic activity and precipitate mineralogy and morphology, however, calcite remained the predominant CaCO3 polymorph in all experiments with relative percentages exceeding 80% by mass in all precipitates.
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29
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Niu YQ, Liu JH, Aymonier C, Fermani S, Kralj D, Falini G, Zhou CH. Calcium carbonate: controlled synthesis, surface functionalization, and nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7883-7943. [PMID: 35993776 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00519g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an important inorganic mineral in biological and geological systems. Traditionally, it is widely used in plastics, papermaking, ink, building materials, textiles, cosmetics, and food. Over the last decade, there has been rapid development in the controlled synthesis and surface modification of CaCO3, the stabilization of amorphous CaCO3 (ACC), and CaCO3-based nanostructured materials. In this review, the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 is first examined, including Ca2+-CO32- systems, solid-liquid-gas carbonation, water-in-oil reverse emulsions, and biomineralization. Advancing insights into the nucleation and crystallization of CaCO3 have led to the development of efficient routes towards the controlled synthesis of CaCO3 with specific sizes, morphologies, and polymorphs. Recently-developed surface modification methods of CaCO3 include organic and inorganic modifications, as well as intensified surface reactions. The resultant CaCO3 can then be further engineered via template-induced biomineralization and layer-by-layer assembly into porous, hollow, or core-shell organic-inorganic nanocomposites. The introduction of CaCO3 into nanostructured materials has led to a significant improvement in the mechanical, optical, magnetic, and catalytic properties of such materials, with the resultant CaCO3-based nanostructured materials showing great potential for use in biomaterials and biomedicine, environmental remediation, and energy production and storage. The influences that the preparation conditions and additives have on ACC preparation and stabilization are also discussed. Studies indicate that ACC can be used to construct environmentally-friendly hybrid films, supramolecular hydrogels, and drug vehicles. Finally, the existing challenges and future directions of the controlled synthesis and functionalization of CaCO3 and its expanding applications are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qin Niu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
| | - Cyril Aymonier
- Univ Bordeaux, ICMCB, Bordeaux INP, UMR 5026, CNRS, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Research Health Sciences & Technologies, University of Bologna, 40064 Bologna, Italy
| | - Damir Kralj
- Laboratory for Precipitation Processes, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P. O. Box 1016, HR-10001 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Chun-Hui Zhou
- Research Group for Advanced Materials & Sustainable Catalysis (AMSC), State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China. .,Qing Yang Institute for Industrial Minerals, You Hua, Qing Yang, Chi Zhou 242804, China
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30
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McPherson IJ, Peruffo M, Unwin PR. Role of Mass Transport in the Deposition, Growth, and Transformation of Calcium Carbonate on Surfaces at High Supersaturation. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4721-4729. [PMID: 35942121 PMCID: PMC9354018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how combined in-situ measurements and finite element method modeling can provide new insight into the relative contribution of mass transport to the growth of calcium carbonate on two model surfaces, glass and gold, under high-supersaturation conditions relevant to surface scaling. An impinging jet-radial flow system is used to create a high-supersaturated solution at the inlet of different cells: an optical microscope cell presenting a glass surface for deposition and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and in-situ IR spectroscopy cells, both presenting a gold surface. The approach described is quantitative due to the well-defined mass transport, and both time-lapse optical microscopy images and QCM data are analyzed to provide information on the growth kinetics of the calcite crystals. Initially, amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), formed in solution, dominates the deposition process. At longer times, the growth of calcite is more significant and, on glass, is observed to consume ACC from the surface, leading to surface regions depleted of ACC developing around calcite microcrystals. On Au, the mass increase becomes linear with time in this region. Taken together, these microscopic and macroscopic measurements demonstrate that calcite growth has a significant component of mass transport control at high supersaturation. Finite element method (FEM) simulations of mass-transport-limited crystal growth support the strong mass transport contribution to the growth kinetics and further suggest that the observed growth must be sustained by more than just the Ca2+ and CO3 2- in solution, with dissolution/direct attachment of ACC and/or ion pairs also contributing to the growth process.
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31
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Cellulose nanofibril/mineral composites induced by H-bond/ionic coordination in co-refining system. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Understanding the crystallographic and nanomechanical properties of bryozoans. J Struct Biol 2022; 214:107882. [PMID: 35850322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study examines how microscale differences in skeletal ultrastructure affect the crystallographic and nanomechanical properties of two related bryozoan species: (i) Hornera currieae, which is found at relatively quiescent depths of c. 1000 m, and (ii) Hornera robusta, which lives at depths of 50-400 m where it is exposed to currents and storm waves. Microstructural and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) observations show that in both species the secondary walls are composed of low-Mg calcite crystallites that grow with their c-axes perpendicular to the wall. Branches in H. currieae develop a strong preferred orientation of the calcite c-axes, while in H. robusta the c-axes are more scattered. Microstructural observations suggest that the degree of scattering is controlled by the underlying morphology of the skeletons: in H. currieae the laminated branch walls are smooth and relatively uninterrupted, whereas the wall architecture of H. robusta is modified by numerous deflections, forming pustules and ridges associated with microscopic tubules. Modelling of the Young's modulus and measurements of nanoindentation hardness indicate that the observed scattering of the crystallite c-axes affects the elastic modulus and nanohardness of the branches, and therefore controls the mechanical properties of the skeletal walls. At relatively high pressure in deep waters, the anisotropic skeletal architecture of H. currieae is aimed at concentrating elasticity normal to the skeleton wall. In comparison, in the relatively shallow and active hydrographic regime of the continental shelf, the elastically isotropic skeleton of H. robusta is designed to increase protection from external predators and stronger omni-directional currents.
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Piwoni-Piórewicz A, Strekopytov S, Humphreys-Williams E, Najorka J, Szymczycha B, Kukliński P. Polymorphism of CaCO 3 and the variability of elemental composition of the calcareous skeletons secreted by invertebrates along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea. GEOBIOLOGY 2022; 20:575-596. [PMID: 35610771 DOI: 10.1111/gbi.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is of great importance in ecosystem functioning and for the use of carbonate skeleton as environmental proxies. Skeletal formation is controlled to different degrees by environmental parameters and biological mechanisms. While salinity is one of the most important factors affecting ecological processes and ocean physiochemistry, the goal of this investigation was to identify how salinity influences the mineral type and the concentrations of chemical elements in the whole skeleton of invertebrates from the Baltic Sea. In this model system, the surface salinity decreases from marine values (27.2) to almost fresh water (6.1). The selected organisms, mussels (Mytilus spp.), bryozoans (Einhornia crustulenta, Cribrilina cryptooecium, Cryptosula pallasiana, Electra pilosa, Escharella immersa), barnacles (Amphibalanus improvisus, Semibalanus balanoides), and polychaetes (Spirorbis tridentatus), precipitated skeleton composed of calcite and aragonite, most likely as a result of various interacting environmental and biological factors. The concentrations of all elements in bulk skeleton were highly variable between species from the same location, underlining the role of the biological mechanisms in skeletal formation. The concentration of Ca, Mg, Sr, and Na increased in the bulk skeleton of stenohaline organisms with increasing salinity, while in the bulk skeleton of euryhaline species, only the concentration of Na increased with increasing salinity. The concentrations of Mn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Y, V, Cd, and U in the skeleton of euryhaline species generally decreased at higher salinities, most likely reflecting the lower bioavailability of elements at higher salinity. However, the concentrations of elements in the skeleton of stenohaline organisms were highly variable with no clear salinity impact. This study suggests that, although the composition of skeleton of calcifying organisms along the salinity gradient of the Baltic Sea is to a large extent affected by biological mechanisms, it also reflects the responses to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Piwoni-Piórewicz
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Gdynia, Poland
| | | | | | - Jens Najorka
- Imaging and Analysis Centre, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Beata Szymczycha
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
| | - Piotr Kukliński
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot, Poland
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
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Song K, Bang JH, Chae SC, Kim J, Lee SW. Phase and morphology of calcium carbonate precipitated by rapid mixing in the absence of additives. RSC Adv 2022; 12:19340-19349. [PMID: 35865589 PMCID: PMC9251642 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03507c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium carbonate is one of the most common minerals, and its polymorphic formation and transformation pathways from the amorphous to crystalline phases are well documented. However, the effects of locally created pH changes on the preferential formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) or its crystalline phase remain poorly understood. In this study, the influence of the initial solution pH on the precipitated polymorphs of calcium carbonate was investigated by the rapid mixing of each solution containing calcium or carbonate ions in the absence of additives. The results showed that the amount of recovered ACC particles was associated with the availability of fully deprotonated carbonate ions. A secondary crystalline phase was identified as the vaterite phase, but no polymorphic change to produce the more stable calcite was detected during 5 h of stirring. Interestingly, during the early stage of pouring, the vaterite morphology was dependent on the generated pH range, over which ACC particles were stabilized (pH > 10.3), followed by the hydration–condensation processes. When the pH was sufficiently low (pH < 10.3) for bicarbonate ions to participate in the carbonation reaction, croissant- or cauliflower-like aggregates with layered structures were obtained. In contrast, typical spherical vaterite particles were obtained at a high initial pH when the carbonate ions were dominant. Meanwhile, vaterite particles that were formed in the presence of an excess of carbonate ions were irregular and separate agglomerates. These results elucidate the formation of ACC and the morphologies of the vaterite products. Vaterite with various polymorphs was prepared using different solution pH values. The effects of local solution differences in pH were systematically investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsun Song
- Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34132 Republic of Korea +82-42-868-3640
| | - Jun-Hwan Bang
- Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34132 Republic of Korea +82-42-868-3640
| | - Soo-Chun Chae
- Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34132 Republic of Korea +82-42-868-3640
| | - Jeongyun Kim
- Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34132 Republic of Korea +82-42-868-3640
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Korea Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources (KIGAM) Gwahang-no 124, Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34132 Republic of Korea +82-42-868-3640
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35
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Zhu Y, Gao Z, Lee B, Jun YS. Process-Specific Effects of Sulfate on CaCO 3 Formation in Environmentally Relevant Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9063-9074. [PMID: 35617118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Additives, such as ions, small molecules, and macromolecules, have been found to regulate the formation of CaCO3 and control its morphologies and properties. However, a single additive usually affects dominantly one process in CaCO3's formation and is seldom found to significantly affect multiple CaCO3 formation processes. Here, we used in situ grazing incidence X-ray techniques to observe the heterogeneous formation of CaCO3 and found that a series of formation processes (i.e., nucleation, growth, and Ostwald ripening) were modulated by sulfate. In the nucleation process, increased interfacial free energy and bulk free energy cooperatively increased the nucleation barrier and decreased nucleation rates. In the growth process, sulfate reduced the electrostatic repulsion between CaCO3 precursors and nuclei, promoting CaCO3 growth. This influence on the growth counteracted the inhibition effect in the nucleation process, causing a nearly 100% increase in the volume of heterogeneously formed CaCO3. Meanwhile, adsorbed sulfate on CaCO3 nuclei may poison the surface of smaller CaCO3 nuclei, inhibiting Ostwald ripening. These revealed sulfate's active roles in controlling CaCO3 formation advance our understanding of sulfate-incorporated biomineralization and scaling phenomena in natural and engineered aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zhenwei Gao
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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36
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Biriukov D, Wang HW, Rampal N, Tempra C, Kula P, Neuefeind JC, Stack AG, Předota M. The "good," the "bad," and the "hidden" in neutron scattering and molecular dynamics of ionic aqueous solutions. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:194505. [PMID: 35597655 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterize a concentrated 7.3 m CaCl2 solution, combining neutron diffraction with chloride isotopic substitution (Cl-NDIS) in null water and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We elucidate the solution structure, thermodynamic properties, and extent of ion pairing previously suggested as concentration-dependent and often not observed at lower concentrations. Our Cl-NDIS measurements designate the solvent-shared ion pairing as dominant and the contact ion pairing (CIP) as insignificant even under conditions close to the solubility limit. The MD models parameterized against neutron diffraction with calcium isotopic substitution (Ca-NDIS) overestimate CIP despite successfully reproducing most of the Cl-NDIS signal. This drawback originates from the fact that Ca2+-Cl- interactions were primarily "hidden" in the Ca-NDIS signal due to overlapping with Ca2+-Ow and Ca2+-Hw contributions to the total scattering. Contrary, MD models with moderate CIP and possessing generally good performance at high concentrations fail to reproduce the NDIS measurements accurately. Therefore, the electronic polarization, introduced in most of the recent MD models via scaling ionic charges, resolves some but not all parameterization drawbacks. We conclude that despite improving the quality of MD models "on average," the question "which model is the best" has not been answered but replaced by the question "which model is better for a given research." An overall "good" model can still be inappropriate or, in some instances, "bad" and, unfortunately, produce erroneous results. The accurate interpretation of several NDIS datasets, complemented by MD simulations, can prevent such mistakes and help identify the strengths, weaknesses, and convenient applications for corresponding computational models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denys Biriukov
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Hsiu-Wen Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Nikhil Rampal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Carmelo Tempra
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Kula
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Joerg C Neuefeind
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Andrew G Stack
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Milan Předota
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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37
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Heimann JE, Tucker JD, Huff LS, Kim YR, Ali J, Stroot MK, Welch XJ, White HE, Wilson ML, Wood CE, Gates GA, Rosenzweig Z, Bennett JW. Density Functional Theory (DFT) as a Nondestructive Probe in the Field of Art Conservation: Small-Molecule Adsorption on Aragonite Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:13858-13871. [PMID: 35258292 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humans have incorporated minerals in objects of cultural heritage importance for millennia. The surfaces of these objects, which often long outlast the humans that create them, are undeniably exposed to a diverse mixture of chemicals throughout their lifetimes. As of yet, the art conservation community lacks a nondestructive, accurate, and inexpensive flexible computational screening method to evaluate the potential impact of chemicals with art, as a complement to experimental studies. In this work, we propose periodic density functional theory (DFT) studies as a way to address this challenge, specifically for the aragonite phase of calcium carbonate, a mineral that has been used in pigments, marble statues, and limestone architecture since ancient times. Computational models allow art conservation scientists to better understand the atomistic impact of small-molecule adsorbates on common mineral surfaces across a wide variety of environmental conditions. To gain insight into the surface adsorption reactivity of aragonite, we use DFT to investigate the atomistic interactions present in small-molecule-surface interfaces. Our adsorbate set includes common solvents, atmospheric pollutants, and emerging contaminants. Chemicals that significantly disrupt the surface structure such as carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing molecules are highlighted. We also focus on comparing adsorption energies and changes in surface bonds, which allows for the identification of key features in the electronic structure presented in a projected-density-of-state analysis. The trends outlined here will guide future experiments and allow art conservators to gain a better understanding of how a wide range of molecules interact with an aragonite surface under variable conditions and in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Heimann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Jasper D Tucker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Layla S Huff
- Department of History, Geography, and Museum Studies, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Ye Rin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jood Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - M Kaylor Stroot
- Department of Chemistry, McDaniel College, Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | - Xavier J Welch
- Biology Department, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251, United States
| | - Harley E White
- Department of Chemistry, McDaniel College, Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | - Marcus L Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, Maryland 21252, United States
| | - Cecelia E Wood
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, St. Mary's College of Maryland, St. Mary's City, Maryland 20686, United States
| | - Glenn A Gates
- Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Zeev Rosenzweig
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Joseph W Bennett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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38
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Bullock LA, Yang A, Darton RC. Kinetics-informed global assessment of mine tailings for CO 2 removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:152111. [PMID: 34871673 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemically reactive mine tailings are a potential resource for drawing down carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere in mineral weathering schemes. Such carbon dioxide removal (CDR) systems, applied on a large scale, could help to meet internationally agreed targets for minimising climate change, but crucially we need to identify what materials could react fast enough to provide CDR at relevant climate change mitigation timescales. This study focuses on a range of silicate-dominated tailings, calculating their CDR potential from their chemical composition (specific capacity), estimated global production rates, and the speed of weathering under different reaction conditions. Tailings containing high abundances of olivine, serpentine and diopside show the highest CDR potential due to their favourable kinetics. We conclude that the most suitable tailings for CDR purposes are those associated with olivine dunites, diamond kimberlites, asbestos and talc serpentinites, Ni sulphides, and PGM layered mafic intrusions. We estimate the average annual global CDR potential of tailings weathered over the 70-year period 2030-2100 to be ~93 (unimproved conditions) to 465 (improved conditions) Mt/year. Results indicate that at least 30 countries possess tailings materials that, under improved conditions, may offer a route for CDR which is not currently utilised within the mining industry. By 2100, the total cumulative CDR could reach some 33 GtCO2, of which more than 60% is contributed by PGM tailings produced in Southern Africa, Russia, and North America. The global CDR potential could be increased by utilization of historic tailings and implementing measures to further enhance chemical reaction rates. If practical considerations can be addressed and enhanced weathering rates can be achieved, then CDR from suitable tailings could contribute significantly to national offset goals and global targets. More research is needed to establish the potential and practicality of this technology, including measurements of the mineral weathering kinetics under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Bullock
- Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Aidong Yang
- Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard C Darton
- Department of Engineering Science, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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39
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Application of Magnesium Oxide Media for Remineralization and Removal of Divalent Metals in Drinking Water Treatment: A Review. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14040633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The post-treatment of soft and desalinated waters is an integral step in the production of quality drinking water. Remineralization is therefore often essential in order to stabilize the effluent for distribution and to attain mineral levels that fulfill aesthetic and health goals. According to the World Health Organization, magnesium (Mg2+) is a nutrient essential to human health. This review summarizes the effectiveness of magnesium oxide (MgO) media for soft water remineralization, as well as its potential for divalent metal removal (e.g., Mn, Cu, and Zn), which is of particular interest in small or residential applications. We present MgO sources, properties, and dissolution mechanisms. Water treatment applications are then reviewed, and the available design models are critically appraised in regard to remineralization and contaminant removal processes. In addition, we review the process operation challenges and costs. Finally, we discuss the use of MgO in combination with calcite and address the technical advantages and limitations compared to other available methods.
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40
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Butt N, Halpern BS, O'Hara CC, Allcock AL, Polidoro B, Sherman S, Byrne M, Birkeland C, Dwyer RG, Frazier M, Woodworth BK, Arango CP, Kingsford MJ, Udyawer V, Hutchings P, Scanes E, McClaren EJ, Maxwell SM, Diaz‐Pulido G, Dugan E, Simmons BA, Wenger AS, Linardich C, Klein CJ. A trait‐based framework for assessing the vulnerability of marine species to human impacts. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Butt
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Casey C. O'Hara
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - A. Louise Allcock
- Department of Zoology National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
- The Ryan Institute's Centre for Ocean Research & Exploration (COREx) National University of Ireland Galway Galway Ireland
| | - Beth Polidoro
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Arizona State University Glendale Arizona USA
| | - Samantha Sherman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Earth to Oceans Research Group Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia Canada
- TRAFFIC Cambridge UK
| | - Maria Byrne
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Charles Birkeland
- Department of Biology University of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Ross G. Dwyer
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering University of the Sunshine Coast Sippy Downs Queensland Australia
| | - Melanie Frazier
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Bradley K. Woodworth
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | | | - Michael J. Kingsford
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and Marine Biology and Aquaculture College of Science and Engineering, JCU Townsville Queensland Australia
| | - Vinay Udyawer
- Arafura Timor Research Facility Australian Institute of Marine Science—Darwin Brinkin Northern Territory Australia
| | - Pat Hutchings
- Department of Marine Invertebrates Australian Museum Research Institute Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University North Ryde New South Wales Australia
| | - Elliot Scanes
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales Australia
| | - Emily Jane McClaren
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Sara M. Maxwell
- School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences University of Washington, Bothell Campus Bothell Washington USA
| | - Guillermo Diaz‐Pulido
- School of Environment & Science Griffith University, Nathan Campus Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Emma Dugan
- College of Letters & Science University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara California USA
| | | | - Amelia S. Wenger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
| | - Christi Linardich
- International Union for Conservation of Nature Marine Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biological Sciences Old Dominion University Norfolk Virginia USA
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science The University of Queensland St. Lucia Queensland Australia
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41
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Stockmann M, Fritsch K, Bok F, Fernandes MM, Baeyens B, Steudtner R, Müller K, Nebelung C, Brendler V, Stumpf T, Schmeide K. New insights into U(VI) sorption onto montmorillonite from batch sorption and spectroscopic studies at increased ionic strength. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150653. [PMID: 34597569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The influence of ionic strength up to 3 mol kg-1 (background electrolytes NaCl or CaCl2) on U(VI) sorption onto montmorillonite was investigated as function of pHc in absence and presence of CO2. A multi-method approach combined batch sorption experiments with spectroscopic methods (time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR)). In the absence of atmospheric carbonate, U(VI) sorption was nearly 99% above pHc 6 in both NaCl and CaCl2 and no significant effect of ionic strength was found. At lower pH, cation exchange was strongly reduced with increasing ionic strength. In the presence of carbonate, U(VI) sorption was reduced above pHc 7.5 in NaCl and pHc 6 in CaCl2 system due to formation of aqueous UO2(CO3)x(2-2x) and Ca2UO2(CO3)3 complexes, respectively, as verified by TRLFS. A significant ionic strength effect was observed due to the formation of Ca2UO2(CO3)3(aq), which strongly decreases U(VI) sorption with increasing ionic strength. The joint analysis of determined sorption data together with literature data (giving a total of 213 experimental data points) allowed to derive a consistent set of surface complexation reactions and constants based on the 2SPNE SC/CE approach, yielding log K°≡SSOUO2+ = 2.42 ± 0.04, log K°≡SSOUO2OH = -4.49 ± 0.7, and log K°≡SSOUO2(OH)32- = -20.5 ± 0.4. Ternary uranyl carbonate surface complexes were not required to describe the data. With this reduced set of surface complexes, an improved robust sorption model was obtained covering a broad variety of geochemical settings over wide ranges of ionic strengths and groundwater compositions, which subsequently was validated by an independent original dataset. This model improves the understanding of U(VI) retention by clay minerals and enables now predictive modeling of U(VI) sorption processes in complex clay rich natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stockmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - K Fritsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Marques Fernandes
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Waste Management, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - B Baeyens
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Waste Management, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - R Steudtner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - C Nebelung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - V Brendler
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - T Stumpf
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - K Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
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42
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Wan Y, Chen X. Preparation and characterization of self-suspended CaCO3 nanoparticles derived from scallop shells. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2028632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yaochuang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Powder, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Ultrafine Powder, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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43
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Maslyk M, Mondeshki M, Tremel W. Amorphous calcium carbonate monohydrate containing a defect hydrate network by mechanochemical processing of mono-hydrocalcite using ethanol as auxiliary solvent. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate monohydrate-like ACC was made by ball-milling with ethanol as auxiliary solvent. IR and solid-state NMR, diffraction and total scattering show that defects of the hydrate network due to partial displacement of water by ethanol are crucial for amorphization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Maslyk
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mihail Mondeshki
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Department Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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44
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Carchini G, Al‐Marri MJ, Hussein I, Shawabkeh R, Mahmoud M, Aparicio S. Molecular Dynamics of
CH
4
/
CO
2
on calcite for Enhancing Gas Recovery. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano Carchini
- Gas Processing Center College of Engineering, Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | - Mohammed J. Al‐Marri
- Department of Chemical Engineering College of Engineering, Qatar University Doha Qatar
| | | | - Reyad Shawabkeh
- Chemical Engineering Department University of Jordan Amman Jordan
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud
- Petroleum Engineering Department and Center for Integrative Petroleum Research KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia
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45
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Valavanis D, Ciocci P, Meloni GN, Morris P, Lemineur JF, McPherson IJ, Kanoufi F, Unwin PR. Hybrid scanning electrochemical cell microscopy-interference reflection microscopy (SECCM-IRM): tracking phase formation on surfaces in small volumes. Faraday Discuss 2021; 233:122-148. [PMID: 34909815 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00063b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We describe the combination of scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) and interference reflection microscopy (IRM) to produce a compelling technique for the study of interfacial processes and to track the SECCM meniscus status in real-time. SECCM allows reactions to be confined to well defined nm-to-μm-sized regions of a surface, and for experiments to be repeated quickly and easily at multiple locations. IRM is a highly surface-sensitive technique which reveals processes happening (very) close to a substrate with temporal and spatial resolution commensurate with typical electrochemical techniques. By using thin transparent conductive layers on glass as substrates, IRM can be coupled to SECCM, to allow real-time in situ optical monitoring of the SECCM meniscus and of processes that occur within it at the electrode/electrolyte interface. We first use the technique to assess the stability of the SECCM meniscus during voltammetry at an indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode at close to neutral pH, demonstrating that the meniscus contact area is rather stable over a large potential window and reproducible, varying by only ca. 5% over different SECCM approaches. At high cathodic potentials, subtle electrowetting is easily detected and quantified. We also look inside the meniscus to reveal surface changes at extreme cathodic potentials, assigned to the possible formation of indium nanoparticles. Finally, we examine the effect of meniscus size and driving potential on CaCO3 precipitation at the ITO electrode as a result of electrochemically-generated pH swings. We are able to track the number, spatial distribution and morphology of material with high spatiotemporal resolution and rationalise some of the observed deposition patterns with finite element method modelling of reactive-transport. Growth of solid phases on surfaces from solution is an important pathway to functional materials and SECCM-IRM provides a means for in situ or in operando visualisation and tracking of these processes with improved fidelity. We anticipate that this technique will be particularly powerful for the study of phase formation processes, especially as the high throughput nature of SECCM-IRM (where each spot is a separate experiment) will allow for the creation of large datasets, exploring a wide experimental parameter landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ciocci
- Université de Paris, ITODYS, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Gabriel N Meloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Peter Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Ian J McPherson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | | | - Patrick R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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46
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Farkhutdinov I, Soktoev B, Zlobina A, Farkhutdinov A, Zhang C, Chesalova E, Belan L, Volfson I. Influences of geological factors on the distribution of uranium in drinking water limescale in the junction zone of the East European Platform and the Southern Urals. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131106. [PMID: 34470160 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of uranium contents and distribution in drinking water limescale has been conducted in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB), Russia. A total of 515 limescale samples from 262 settlements of the RB were analyzed. The spread of U concentration values in limescale samples ranged from 0.01 to 61.0 μg/g. Elevated U concentrations in the West of the RB corresponded with the horsts of the granite-gneiss crystalline basement of the South-Tatar Dome and their Eastern slopes, the areas with the Lower Permian red beds and the oil and gas fields. The U migration from the granite-gneiss basement is attributed to the tectonic factor and hydrocarbons movement. Elevated concentrations of U within the South of the RB are associated primarily with the deposits of the Southern Ural brown coal basin. The Bashkir Trans-Urals anomalies are mainly associated with Lower Paleozoic eclogite complex, Devonian and Carboniferous volcanic-sedimentary, carbonate, intrusive formations, as well as the Jurassic cover of terrigenous marine sediments. The negative anomalies of the spatial distribution of U are located in the area of the Ufimian Plateau mainly composed of limestone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskhak Farkhutdinov
- Vernadsky State Geological Museum, 11 Mokhovaya str., Moscow, 125009, Russia.
| | - Bulat Soktoev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30, Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia.
| | | | | | - Chaosheng Zhang
- School of Geography, Archaeology & Irish Studies, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway H91 CF50, Ireland.
| | - Elena Chesalova
- Vernadsky State Geological Museum, 11 Mokhovaya str., Moscow, 125009, Russia.
| | - Larisa Belan
- Research Institute of Safety of Life, 12/1, 8 Marta str., Ufa, 450005, Russia.
| | - Iosif Volfson
- Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements, Veresaeva str., 15, Moscow, 121357, Russia.
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47
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Manríquez N, Bacigalupe LD, Lardies MA. Variable Environments in an Upwelling System Trigger Differential Thermal Sensitivity in a Low Intertidal Chiton. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.753486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental variability in coastal oceans associated with upwelling dynamics probably is one of the most pervasive forces affecting the physiological performance of marine life. As the environmental temperature is the abiotic factor with major incidence in the physiology and ecology of marine ectotherms, the abrupt temperature changes in upwelling systems could generate important variations in these organisms’ functional processes. The relationship between ambient temperature and physiological performance can be described through a thermal performance curve (TPC). The parameters of this curve usually show geographic variation usually is in accordance with the predictions of the climate variability hypothesis (CVH), which states that organisms inhabiting more variable environments should have broader ranges of environmental tolerance in order to cope with the fluctuating environmental conditions they experience. Here we study the effect generated by the environmental variability in an active upwelling zone on the physiological performance of the marine ectotherm Achanthopleura echinata. In particular, we compared the parameters of the TPC and the metabolic rate of two populations of A. echinata, one found in high semi-permanent upwelling (Talcaruca), while the other is situated in an adjacent area with seasonal upwelling (Los Molles) and therefore more stable environmental conditions. Our results show that: (1) oxygen consumption increases with body size and this effect is more significant in individuals from the Talcaruca population, (2) optimal temperature, thermal breadth, upper critical limit and maximum performance were higher in the population located in the area of high environmental heterogeneity and (3) individuals from Talcaruca showed greater variance in optimal temperature, thermal breadth, upper critical limit but not in maximum performance. Although it is clear that a variable environment affects the thermal physiology of organisms, expanding their tolerance ranges and generating energy costs in the performance of individuals, it is relevant to note that upwelling systems are multifactorial phenomena where the rise of water masses modifies not only temperature, but also decreases O2, pH, and increases pCO2 which in turn could modify metabolism and TPC.
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48
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Heberling F, Klačić T, Raiteri P, Gale JD, Eng PJ, Stubbs JE, Gil-Díaz T, Begović T, Lützenkirchen J. Structure and Surface Complexation at the Calcite(104)-Water Interface. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:12403-12413. [PMID: 34478280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c03578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Calcite is the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) under ambient conditions and is ubiquitous in natural systems. It plays a major role in controlling pH in environmental settings. Electrostatic phenomena at the calcite-water interface and the surface reactivity of calcite in general have important environmental implications. They may strongly impact nutrient and contaminant mobility in soils and other subsurface environments, they control oil recovery from limestone reservoirs, and they may impact the safety of nuclear waste disposal sites. Besides the environmental relevance, the topic is significant for industrial applications and cultural heritage preservation. In this study, the structure of the calcite(104)-water interface is investigated on the basis of a new extensive set of crystal truncation rod data. The results agree with recently reported structures and resolve previous ambiguities with respect to the coordination sphere of surface Ca ions. These structural features are introduced into an electrostatic three-plane surface complexation model, describing ion adsorption and charging at the calcite-water interface. Inner surface potential data for calcite, as measured with a calcite single-crystal electrode, are used as constraints for the model in addition to zeta potential data. Ion adsorption parameters are compared with molecular dynamics simulations. All model parameters, including protonation constants, ion-binding parameters, and Helmholtz capacitances, are within physically and chemically plausible ranges. A PhreeqC version of the model is presented, which we hope will foster application of the model in environmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Heberling
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tin Klačić
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Paolo Raiteri
- Curtin Institute for Computation/The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Julian D Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation/The Institute for Geoscience Research, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987 Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Peter J Eng
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Joanne E Stubbs
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Teba Gil-Díaz
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany
| | - Tajana Begović
- Division of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Johannes Lützenkirchen
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Li R, Elliott WA, Clark RJ, Sutjianto JG, Rioux RM, Palmer JC, Rimer JD. Factors controlling the molecular modification of one-dimensional zeolites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18610-18617. [PMID: 34612398 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between organic molecules and inorganic materials are ubiquitous in many applications and often play significant roles in directing pathways of crystallization. It is frequently debated whether kinetics or thermodynamics plays a more prominent role in the ability of molecular modifiers to impact crystal nucleation and growth processes. In the case of nanoporous zeolites, approaches in rational design often capitalize on the ability of organics, used as either modifiers or structure-directing agents, to markedly impact the physicochemical properties of zeolites. It has been demonstrated for multiple topologies that modifier-zeolite interactions can alter crystal size and morphology, yet few studies have distinguished the roles of thermodynamics and kinetics. We use a combination of calorimetry and molecular modeling to estimate the binding energies of organics on zeolite surfaces and correlate these results with synthetic trends in crystal morphology. Our findings reveal unexpectedly small energies of interaction for a range of modifiers with two zeolite structures, indicating the effect of organics on zeolite crystal surface free energy is minor and kinetic factors most likely govern growth modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, P. R. China
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50
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Zhu Y, Li Q, Kim D, Min Y, Lee B, Jun YS. Sulfate-Controlled Heterogeneous CaCO 3 Nucleation and Its Non-linear Interfacial Energy Evolution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11455-11464. [PMID: 34314155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unveiling the effects of an environmental abundant anion "sulfate" on the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is essential to understand the formation mechanisms of biominerals like corals and brachiopod shells, as well as the scale formation in desalination systems. However, it was experimentally challenging to elucidate the sulfate-CaCO3 interactions at the explicit first step of CaCO3 formation: nucleation. In addition, there is limited quantitative information on the precise control of nucleation kinetics. Here, heterogeneous CaCO3 nucleation is monitored in real time as a function of sulfate concentrations (0-10 mM Na2SO4) using synchrotron-based grazing incidence X-ray scattering techniques. The results showed that sulfate can be incorporated in the nuclei, resulting in a nearly 90% decrease in the CaCO3 nucleation rate, causing a 120% increase in the CaCO3 nucleus size, and inhibiting the vaterite-to-calcite phase transformation. Moreover, this work quantitatively relates sulfate concentrations to the effective interfacial energies of CaCO3 and finds a non-linear trend, suggesting that CaCO3 heterogeneous nucleation is more sensitive at a low sulfate concentration. This study can be readily extended to study other additives and obtain quantitative relationships between additive concentrations and CaCO3 interfacial energies, a key step toward achieving natural and engineered controls on CaCO3 nucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Zhu
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Qingyun Li
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Doyoon Kim
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Yujia Min
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Young-Shin Jun
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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