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Wu T, Chen Y, Wei W, Song W, Wu J, Wen J, Hu G, Li X, Gao C, Chen X, Liu L. Mechanism-Guided Computational Design Drives meso-Diaminopimelate Dehydrogenase to Efficient Synthesis of Aromatic d-amino Acids. ACS Synth Biol 2024; 13:1879-1892. [PMID: 38847341 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.4c00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Aromatic d-amino acids (d-AAs) play a pivotal role as important chiral building blocks and key intermediates in fine chemical and drug synthesis. Meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase (DAPDH) serves as an excellent biocatalyst in the synthesis of d-AAs and their derivatives. However, its strict substrate specificity and the lack of efficient engineering methods have hindered its widespread application. Therefore, this study aims to elucidate the catalytic mechanism underlying DAPDH from Proteus vulgaris (PvDAPDH) through the examination of its crystallographic structure, computational simulations of potential energies and molecular dynamics simulations, and site-directed mutagenesis. Mechanism-guided computational design showed that the optimal mutant PvDAPDH-M3 increased specific activity and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) for aromatic keto acids up to 124-fold and 92.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of the wild type. Additionally, it expanded the substrate scope to 10 aromatic keto acid substrates. Finally, six high-value-added aromatic d-AAs and their derivatives were synthesized using a one-pot three-enzyme cascade reaction, exhibiting a good conversion rate ranging from 32 to 84% and excellent stereoselectivity (enantiomeric excess >99%). These findings provide a potential synthetic pathway for the green industrial production of aromatic d-AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfu Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yihan Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian Wen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Guipeng Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Cong Gao
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiulai Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Liming Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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2
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Nulakani NVR, Ali MA. Unveiling the chemical kinetics of aminomethanol (NH 2CH 2OH): insights into O . H and O 2 photo-oxidation reactions and formamide dominance. Front Chem 2024; 12:1407355. [PMID: 38873406 PMCID: PMC11169873 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1407355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Aminomethanol is released into the atmosphere through various sources, including biomass burning. In this study, we have expounded the chemical kinetics of aminomethanol in the reaction pathways initiated by the hydroxyl radical (O ˙ H) with the aid of ab initio//density functional theory (DFT) i.e., coupled-cluster theory (CCSD(T))//hybrid-DFT (M06-2X/6-311++G (3df, 3pd). We have explored various possible directions of theO ˙ H radical on aminomethanol, as well as the formation of distinct pre-reactive complexes. Our computational findings reveal that the H transfer necessitates activation energies ranging from 4.1 to 6.5 kcal/mol from the -CH2 group, 3.5-6.5 kcal/mol from the -NH2 group and 7-9.3 kcal/mol from the -OH group of three rotational conformers. The H transfer from -CH2, -NH2 and -OH exhibits an estimated total rate constant (k OH) of approximately 1.97 × 10-11 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 300 K. The branching fraction analysis indicates a pronounced dominance of C-centered NH2C ˙ HOH radicals with a favorability of 77%, surpassing the N-centeredN ˙ HCH2OH (20%) and O-centered NH2CH2O ˙ (3%) radicals. Moreover, our investigation delves into the oxidation of the prominently favored carbon-centered NH2C ˙ HOH radical through its interaction with atmospheric oxygen molecules. Intriguingly, our findings reveal that formamide (NH2CHO) emerges as the predominant product in the NH2C ˙ HOH + 3O2 reaction, eclipsing alternative outcomes such as amino formic acid (NH2COOH) and formimidic acid (HN = C(H)-OH). At atmospheric conditions pertinent to the troposphere, the branching fraction value for the formation of formamide is about 99%, coupled with a rate constant of 5.5 × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. Finally, we have scrutinized the detrimental impact of formamide on the atmosphere. Interaction of formamide with atmospheric hydroxyl radicals could give rise to the production of potentially perilous compounds such as HNCO. Further, unreactedN ˙ HCH2OH radicals may initiate the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines when reacting with trace N-oxides (namely, NO and NO2). This, in turn, escalates the environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for the Catalyst and Separations, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Abad AND, Seshadri K, Ohashi M, Delgadillo DA, de Moraes LS, Nagasawa KK, Liu M, Johnson S, Nelson HM, Tang Y. Discovery and Characterization of Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Dependent Cycloleucine Synthases. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14672-14684. [PMID: 38743881 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes are the most versatile biocatalysts for synthesizing nonproteinogenic amino acids. α,α-Disubstituted quaternary amino acids, such as 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid (cycloleucine), are useful building blocks for pharmaceuticals. In this study, starting with the biosynthesis of fusarilin A, we discovered a family of PLP-dependent enzymes that can facilitate tandem carbon-carbon forming steps to catalyze an overall [3 + 2]-annulation. In the first step, the cycloleucine synthases use SAM as the latent electrophile and an in situ-generated enamine as the nucleophile for γ-substitution. Whereas previously characterized γ-replacement enzymes protonate the resulting α-carbon and release the acyclic amino acid, cycloleucine synthases can catalyze an additional, intramolecular aldol or Mannich reaction with the nucleophilic α-carbon to form the substituted cyclopentane. Overall, the net [3 + 2]-annulation reaction can lead to 2-hydroxy or 2-aminocycloleucine products. These studies further expand the biocatalytic scope of PLP-dependent enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abner N D Abad
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Kaushik Seshadri
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Masao Ohashi
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - David A Delgadillo
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Lygia S de Moraes
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kyle K Nagasawa
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Mengting Liu
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Samuel Johnson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Hosea M Nelson
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Yi Tang
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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4
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Alvey GR, Stepanova EV, Shatskiy A, Lantz J, Willemsen R, Munoz A, Dinér P, Kärkäs MD. Asymmetric synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids through photoredox-mediated C-O bond activation of aliphatic alcohols. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7316-7323. [PMID: 38756799 PMCID: PMC11095513 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00403e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Unnatural α-amino acids constitute a fundamental class of biologically relevant compounds. However, despite the interest in these motifs, synthetic strategies have traditionally employed polar retrosynthetic disconnections. These methods typically entail the use of stoichiometric amounts of toxic and highly sensitive reagents, thereby limiting the substrate scope and practicality for scale up. In this work, an efficient protocol for the asymmetric synthesis of unnatural α-amino acids is realized through photoredox-mediated C-O bond activation in oxalate esters of aliphatic alcohols as radical precursors. The developed system uses a chiral glyoxylate-derived N-sulfinyl imine as the radical acceptor and allows facile access to a range of functionalized unnatural α-amino acids through an atom-economical redox-neutral process with CO2 as the only stoichiometric byproduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory R Alvey
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elena V Stepanova
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
- Chemical Technology, Materials Sciences, Metallurgy, Tomsk Polytechnic University Lenin Avenue 30 634050 Tomsk Russia
| | - Andrey Shatskiy
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Josefin Lantz
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Rachel Willemsen
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Alix Munoz
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Peter Dinér
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Markus D Kärkäs
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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5
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Simonyan H, Palumbo R, Petrosyan S, Mkrtchyan A, Galstyan A, Saghyan A, Scognamiglio PL, Vicidomini C, Fik-Jaskólka M, Roviello GN. BSA Binding and Aggregate Formation of a Synthetic Amino Acid with Potential for Promoting Fibroblast Proliferation: An In Silico, CD Spectroscopic, DLS, and Cellular Study. Biomolecules 2024; 14:579. [PMID: 38785986 PMCID: PMC11118884 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents the chemical synthesis, purification, and characterization of a novel non-natural synthetic amino acid. The compound was synthesized in solution, purified, and characterized using NMR spectroscopy, polarimetry, and melting point determination. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis demonstrated its ability to form aggregates with an average size of 391 nm, extending to the low micrometric size range. Furthermore, cellular biological assays revealed its ability to enhance fibroblast cell growth, highlighting its potential for tissue regenerative applications. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed the ability of the synthetic amino acid to bind serum albumins (using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model), and CD deconvolution provided insights into the changes in the secondary structures of BSA upon interaction with the amino acid ligand. Additionally, molecular docking using HDOCK software elucidated the most likely binding mode of the ligand inside the BSA structure. We also performed in silico oligomerization of the synthetic compound in order to obtain a model of aggregate to investigate computationally. In more detail, the dimer formation achieved by molecular self-docking showed two distinct poses, corresponding to the lowest and comparable energies, with one pose exhibiting a quasi-coplanar arrangement characterized by a close alignment of two aromatic rings from the synthetic amino acids within the dimer, suggesting the presence of π-π stacking interactions. In contrast, the second pose displayed a non-coplanar configuration, with the aromatic rings oriented in a staggered arrangement, indicating distinct modes of interaction. Both poses were further utilized in the self-docking procedure. Notably, iterative molecular docking of amino acid structures resulted in the formation of higher-order aggregates, with a model of a 512-mer aggregate obtained through self-docking procedures. This model of aggregate presented a cavity capable of hosting therapeutic cargoes and biomolecules, rendering it a potential scaffold for cell adhesion and growth in tissue regenerative applications. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of this synthetic amino acid for tissue regenerative therapeutics and provide valuable insights into its molecular interactions and aggregation behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayarpi Simonyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Rosanna Palumbo
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Satenik Petrosyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anna Mkrtchyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Armen Galstyan
- Department of Chemistry, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Ashot Saghyan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | | | - Caterina Vicidomini
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Fik-Jaskólka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Giovanni N. Roviello
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
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6
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Garg A, Rendina D, Bendale H, Akiyama T, Ojima I. Recent advances in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Front Chem 2024; 12:1398397. [PMID: 38783896 PMCID: PMC11112575 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1398397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric catalysis stands at the forefront of modern chemistry, serving as a cornerstone for the efficient creation of enantiopure chiral molecules characterized by their high selectivity. In this review, we delve into the realm of asymmetric catalytic reactions, which spans various methodologies, each contributing to the broader landscape of the enantioselective synthesis of chiral molecules. Transition metals play a central role as catalysts for a wide range of transformations with chiral ligands such as phosphines, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), etc., facilitating the formation of chiral C-C and C-X bonds, enabling precise control over stereochemistry. Enantioselective photocatalytic reactions leverage the power of light as a driving force for the synthesis of chiral molecules. Asymmetric electrocatalysis has emerged as a sustainable approach, being both atom-efficient and environmentally friendly, while offering a versatile toolkit for enantioselective reductions and oxidations. Biocatalysis relies on nature's most efficient catalysts, i.e., enzymes, to provide exquisite selectivity, as well as a high tolerance for diverse functional groups under mild conditions. Thus, enzymatic optical resolution, kinetic resolution and dynamic kinetic resolution have revolutionized the production of enantiopure compounds. Enantioselective organocatalysis uses metal-free organocatalysts, consisting of modular chiral phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen components, facilitating remarkably efficient and diverse enantioselective transformations. Additionally, unlocking traditionally unreactive C-H bonds through selective functionalization has expanded the arsenal of catalytic asymmetric synthesis, enabling the efficient and atom-economical construction of enantiopure chiral molecules. Incorporating flow chemistry into asymmetric catalysis has been transformative, as continuous flow systems provide precise control over reaction conditions, enhancing the efficiency and facilitating optimization. Researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid approaches that combine multiple strategies synergistically to tackle complex synthetic challenges. This convergence holds great promise, propelling the field of asymmetric catalysis forward and facilitating the efficient construction of complex molecules in enantiopure form. As these methodologies evolve and complement one another, they push the boundaries of what can be accomplished in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, leading to the discovery of novel, highly selective transformations which may lead to groundbreaking applications across various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashna Garg
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Dominick Rendina
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Hersh Bendale
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | | | - Iwao Ojima
- Stony Brook University, Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook, NY, United States
- Stony Brook University, Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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7
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Wang TC, Mai BK, Zhang Z, Bo Z, Li J, Liu P, Yang Y. Stereoselective amino acid synthesis by photobiocatalytic oxidative coupling. Nature 2024; 629:98-104. [PMID: 38693411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Photobiocatalysis-where light is used to expand the reactivity of an enzyme-has recently emerged as a powerful strategy to develop chemistries that are new to nature. These systems have shown potential in asymmetric radical reactions that have long eluded small-molecule catalysts1. So far, unnatural photobiocatalytic reactions are limited to overall reductive and redox-neutral processes2-9. Here we report photobiocatalytic asymmetric sp3-sp3 oxidative cross-coupling between organoboron reagents and amino acids. This reaction requires the cooperative use of engineered pyridoxal biocatalysts, photoredox catalysts and an oxidizing agent. We repurpose a family of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes, threonine aldolases10-12, for the α-C-H functionalization of glycine and α-branched amino acid substrates by a radical mechanism, giving rise to a range of α-tri- and tetrasubstituted non-canonical amino acids 13-15 possessing up to two contiguous stereocentres. Directed evolution of pyridoxal radical enzymes allowed primary and secondary radical precursors, including benzyl, allyl and alkylboron reagents, to be coupled in an enantio- and diastereocontrolled fashion. Cooperative photoredox-pyridoxal biocatalysis provides a platform for sp3-sp3 oxidative coupling16, permitting the stereoselective, intermolecular free-radical transformations that are unknown to chemistry or biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ci Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Zhiyu Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jiedong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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8
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Pecchini P, Fochi M, Bartoccini F, Piersanti G, Bernardi L. Enantioselective organocatalytic strategies to access noncanonical α-amino acids. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5832-5868. [PMID: 38665517 PMCID: PMC11041364 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01081g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis has evolved over the years and continues to attract the interest of many researchers worldwide. Enantiopure noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) are valuable building blocks in organic synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and chemical biology. They are employed in the elaboration of peptides and proteins with enhanced activities and/or improved properties compared to their natural counterparts, as chiral catalysts, in chiral ligand design, and as chiral building blocks for asymmetric syntheses of complex molecules, including natural products. The linkage of ncAA synthesis and enantioselective organocatalysis, the subject of this perspective, tries to imitate the natural biosynthetic process. Herein, we present contemporary and earlier developments in the field of organocatalytic activation of simple feedstock materials, providing potential ncAAs with diverse side chains, unique three-dimensional structures, and a high degree of functionality. These asymmetric organocatalytic strategies, useful for forging a wide range of C-C, C-H, and C-N bonds and/or combinations thereof, vary from classical name reactions, such as Ugi, Strecker, and Mannich reactions, to the most advanced concepts such as deracemisation, transamination, and carbene N-H insertion. Concurrently, we present some interesting mechanistic studies/models, providing information on the chirality transfer process. Finally, this perspective highlights, through the diversity of the amino acids (AAs) not selected by nature for protein incorporation, the most generic modes of activation, induction, and reactivity commonly used, such as chiral enamine, hydrogen bonding, Brønsted acids/bases, and phase-transfer organocatalysis, reflecting their increasingly important role in organic and applied chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Pecchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Center for Chemical Catalysis C3 & INSTM RU Bologna V. Gobetti 85 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Mariafrancesca Fochi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Center for Chemical Catalysis C3 & INSTM RU Bologna V. Gobetti 85 40129 Bologna Italy
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo Piazza Rinascimento 6 61029 Urbino PU Italy
| | - Luca Bernardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", Center for Chemical Catalysis C3 & INSTM RU Bologna V. Gobetti 85 40129 Bologna Italy
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9
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Hong F, Aldhous TP, Kemmitt PD, Bower JF. A directed enolization strategy enables by-product-free construction of contiguous stereocentres en route to complex amino acids. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01473-5. [PMID: 38565976 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01473-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Homochiral α-amino acids are widely used in pharmaceutical design as key subunits in chiral catalyst synthesis or as building blocks in synthetic biology. Many synthetic methods have been developed to access rare or unnatural variants by controlling the installation of the α-stereocentre. By contrast, and despite their importance, α-amino acids possessing β-stereocentres are much harder to synthesize. Here we demonstrate an iridium-catalysed protocol that allows the direct upconversion of simple alkenes and glycine derivatives to give β-substituted α-amino acids with exceptional levels of regio- and stereocontrol. Our method exploits the native directing ability of a glycine-derived N-H unit to facilitate Ir-catalysed enolization of the adjacent carbonyl. The resulting stereodefined enolate cross-couples with a styrene or α-olefin to install two contiguous stereocentres. The process offers very high levels of regio- and stereocontrol and occurs with complete atom economy. In broader terms, our reaction design offers a unique directing-group-controlled strategy for the direct stereocontrolled α-alkylation of carbonyl compounds, and provides a powerful approach for the synthesis of challenging contiguous stereocentres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenglin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Timothy P Aldhous
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Paul D Kemmitt
- Medicinal Chemistry, Oncology, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - John F Bower
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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10
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Chen Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Chen X, Hao J, Wu Q, Zhu D. Discovery and directed evolution of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biosynthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acids and derivatives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38566472 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2024.2332295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-α-amino acids (β-HAAs) have extensive applications in the pharmaceutical, chemical synthesis, and food industries. The development of synthetic methodologies aimed at producing optically pure β-HAAs has been driven by practical applications. Among the various synthetic methods, biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis is considered a sustainable approach due to its capacity to generate two stereogenic centers from simple prochiral precursors in a single step. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made in recent years to search for effective enzymes which enable such biotransformation. This review provides an overview on the discovery and engineering of C-C bond formation enzymes for the biocatalytic synthesis of β-HAAs. We highlight examples where the use of threonine aldolases, threonine transaldolases, serine hydroxymethyltransferases, α-methylserine aldolases, α-methylserine hydroxymethyltransferases, and engineered alanine racemases facilitated the synthesis of β-HAAs. Additionally, we discuss the potential future advancements and persistent obstacles in the enzymatic synthesis of β-HAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Chen
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sisi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiong Hao
- College of Food Science and Biology, University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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11
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Machida H, Kanemoto K. N-Terminal-Specific Dual Modification of Peptides through Copper-Catalyzed [3+2] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202320012. [PMID: 38282290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202320012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Site-specific introduction of multiple components into peptides is greatly needed for the preparation of densely functionalized and structurally uniform peptides. In this regard, N-terminal-specific peptide modification is attractive, but it can be difficult due to the presence of highly nucleophilic lysine ϵ-amine. In this work, we developed a method for the N-terminal-specific dual modification of peptides through a three-component [3+2] cycloaddition with aldehydes and maleimides under mild copper catalysis. This approach enables exclusive functionalization at the glycine N-terminus of iminopeptides, regardless of the presence of lysine ϵ-amine, thus affording the cycloadducts in excellent yields. Tolerating a broad range of functional groups and molecules, the present method provides the opportunity to rapidly construct doubly functionalized peptides using readily accessible aldehyde and maleimide modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Machida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kanemoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8551, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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12
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Li R, Yin S, Xie L, Li X, Jia J, Zhao L, He CY. Catalyst-free decarboxylative cross-coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with tert-butyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate and its application. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2279-2283. [PMID: 38407278 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02103c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Here, we demonstrate a practical method toward the facile synthesis of CF3-containing amino acids through visible light promoted decarboxylative cross-coupling of a redox-active ester with tert-butyl 2-(trifluoromethyl)acrylate. The reaction was driven by the photochemical activity of electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complexes that were formed by the non-covalent interaction between a Hantzsch ester and a redox-active ester. The advantages of this protocol are its synthetic simplicity, rich functional group tolerance, and a cost-effective reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Susu Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Lang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Yang He
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province, Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, P.R. China
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13
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Wu X, Xia H, Gao C, Luan B, Wu L, Zhang C, Yang D, Hou L, Liu N, Xia T, Li H, Qu J, Chen Y. Modular α-tertiary amino ester synthesis through cobalt-catalysed asymmetric aza-Barbier reaction. Nat Chem 2024; 16:398-407. [PMID: 38082178 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural chiral α-tertiary amino acids containing two different carbon-based substituents at the α-carbon centre are widespread in biologically active molecules. This sterically rigid scaffold is becoming a growing research interest in drug discovery. However, a robust protocol for chiral α-tertiary amino acid synthesis remains scarce due to the challenge of stereoselectively constructing sterically encumbered tetrasubstituted stereogenic carbon centres. Herein we report a cobalt-catalysed enantioselective aza-Barbier reaction of ketimines with various unactivated alkyl halides, including alkyl iodides, alkyl bromides and alkyl chlorides, enabling the formation of chiral α-tertiary amino esters with a high level of enantioselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance. Primary, secondary and tertiary organoelectrophiles are all tolerated in this asymmetric reductive addition protocol, which provides a complementary method for the well-exploited enantioselective nucleophilic addition with moisture- and air-sensitive organometallic reagents. Moreover, the three-component transformation of α-ketoester, amine and alkyl halide represents a formal asymmetric deoxygenative alkylamination of the carbonyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanyu Xia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baixue Luan
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Licheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Liting Hou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Yajima T, Katayama A, Ito T, Kawada T, Yabushita K, Yasuda T, Ohta T, Katayama T, Utsumi N, Kayaki Y, Kuwata S. Asymmetric Reductive Amination of α-Keto Acids Using Ir-Based Hydrogen Transfer Catalysts: An Access to Unprotected Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Org Lett 2024; 26:1426-1431. [PMID: 38334425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
A direct asymmetric reductive amination of α-keto acids catalyzed by Cp*Ir complexes bearing a chiral N-(2-picolyl)sulfonamidato ligand is described. The combined use of optically active 2-phenyglycinol as an aminating agent is effective for the chemo- and stereoselective transfer hydrogenation using formic acid. The subsequent elimination of the hydroxyethyl moiety by orthoperiodic acid can afford various unprotected α-amino acids in satisfactory isolated yields (20 examples) with excellent optical purities (up to >99% ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yajima
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Akito Katayama
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Ito
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Kenya Yabushita
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Yasuda
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohta
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Takeaki Katayama
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Utsumi
- Central Research Laboratory, Technology & Development Division, Kanto Chemical Company, Inc., 7-1, Inari 1-chome, Soka-city, Saitama 340-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kayaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-E4-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kuwata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
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15
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Zhang Y, Vanderghinste J, Wang J, Das S. Challenges and recent advancements in the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1474. [PMID: 38368416 PMCID: PMC10874380 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45790-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
α,α-Disubstituted α-amino acids (α-AAs) have improved properties compared to other types of amino acids. They serve as modifiers of peptide conformation and as precursors of bioactive compounds. Therefore, it has been a long-standing goal to construct this highly valuable scaffold efficiently in organic synthesis and drug discovery. However, access to α,α-disubstituted α-AAs is highly challenging and largely unexplored due to their steric constraints. To overcome these, remarkable advances have been made in the last decades. Emerging strategies such as synergistic enantioselective catalysis, visible-light-mediated photocatalysis, metal-free methodologies and CO2 fixation offer new avenues to access the challenging synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and continuously bring additional contributions to this field. This review article aims to provide an overview of the recent advancements since 2015 and discuss existing challenges for the synthesis of α,α-disubstituted α-AAs and their derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Jaro Vanderghinste
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Jinxin Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1200, Cailun Road, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerpen, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.
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16
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Miao P, Zhang M, Ni Z, Chen Q, Sun Z. Application of the LADA Strategy for the Synthesis of Unnatural Amino Acids through 1,2-Aryl Migration of Allylic Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1543-1551. [PMID: 38252620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids are versatile building blocks. Herein, we report the application of the LADA strategy for the direct synthesis of unnatural amino acids through 1,2-aryl migration of allylic alcohols. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions, tolerates diverse functionalities, and works smoothly on different thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pannan Miao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mengyao Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhuojun Ni
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhankui Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Drug Target Identification and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201203, China
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17
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Chen KL, Tanaka F. Organocatalytic enantioselective Mannich and retro-Mannich reactions and combinations of these reactions to afford tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:477-481. [PMID: 38099926 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01855e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Organocatalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions and kinetic resolutions of the products via retro-Mannich reactions that afford enantiomerically enriched tetrasubstituted α-amino acid derivatives (α,α-disubstituted-α-amino acid derivatives) were developed. Furthermore, the combination of the Mannich reaction and the retro-Mannich reaction allowed access to products with almost perfect enantiopurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Lin Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
| | - Fujie Tanaka
- Chemistry and Chemical Bioengineering Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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18
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Tsukano C, Uchino A, Irie K. Synthesis and applications of symmetric amino acid derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:411-428. [PMID: 37877370 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01379k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Symmetric α-amino acid derivatives can be used for the synthesis of intermolecularly linked peptides such as dimer-type peptides, and modified peptides in which two amino acids are intramolecularly linked. They are also synthetic intermediates for the total synthesis of natural products and functional molecules. These symmetric amino acid derivatives must be prepared based on organic synthesis. It is necessary to develop an optimal synthetic strategy for constructing the target symmetric amino acid derivative. In this review, we will introduce strategies for synthesizing symmetric amino acid derivatives. Additionally, selected applications of these amino acids in the life sciences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tsukano
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Ayumi Uchino
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Irie
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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19
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Rodríguez-Flórez LV, González-Marcos M, García-Mingüens E, Retamosa MDG, Kawase M, Selva E, Sansano JM. Phosphine Catalyzed Michael-Type Additions: The Synthesis of Glutamic Acid Derivatives from Arylidene- α-amino Esters. Molecules 2024; 29:342. [PMID: 38257255 PMCID: PMC10820836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The reaction of arylidene-α-amino esters with electrophilic alkenes to yield Michael-type addition compounds is optimized using several phosphines as organocatalysts. The transformation is very complicated due to the generation of several final compounds, including those derived from the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. For this reason, the selection of the reaction conditions is a very complex task and the slow addition of the acrylic system is very important to complete the process. The study of the variation in the structural components of the starting imino ester is performed as well as the expansion of other electron-poor alkenes. The crude products have a purity higher than 90% in most cases without any purification. A plausible mechanism is detailed based on the bibliography and the experimental results. The synthesis of pyroglutamate entities, after the reduction of the imino group and cyclization, is performed in high yields. In addition, the hydrolysis of the imino group, under acidic media, represents a direct access to glutamate surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesly V. Rodríguez-Flórez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - María González-Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Mingüens
- Medalchemy, S. L. Ancha de Castelar, 46-48, entlo. A. San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - María de Gracia Retamosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Misa Kawase
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Elisabet Selva
- Medalchemy, S. L. Ancha de Castelar, 46-48, entlo. A. San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690 Alicante, Spain
| | - José M. Sansano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA) and Instituto de Síntesis Orgánica, Universidad de Alicante, Ctra. Alicante-San Vicente s/n, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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20
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Chao TH, Wu X, Renata H. One-pot chemoenzymatic syntheses of non-canonical amino acids. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 51:kuae005. [PMID: 38271597 PMCID: PMC10853765 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuae005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite their prevalent use in drug discovery and protein biochemistry, non-canonical amino acids are still challenging to synthesize through purely chemical means. In recent years, biocatalysis has emerged as a transformative paradigm for small-molecule synthesis. One strategy to further empower biocatalysis is to use it in combination with modern chemical reactions and take advantage of the strengths of each method to enable access to challenging structural motifs that were previously unattainable using each method alone. In this Mini-Review, we highlight several recent case studies that feature the synergistic use of chemical and enzymatic transformations in one pot to synthesize novel non-canonical amino acids. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This Mini-Review highlights several recent case studies that feature the synergistic use of chemical and enzymatic transformations in one pot to synthesize novel non-canonical amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Chao
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Xiangyu Wu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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21
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Molinaro C, Kelly S, Tang A, Iding H, Stocker P, Linghu X, Gosselin F. Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Alkyl Amino Acids through a Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of PEGylated N-Alkyl Amino Esters. Org Lett 2023; 25:8927-8931. [PMID: 38051775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The first examples of a practical procedure for a lipase-catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of PEGylated N-alkyl amino esters is reported. This method allows for the preparation of a broad range of aromatic and aliphatic enantiomerically enriched N-alkyl unnatural amino acids in up to 98% yield and 99% ee. We have found that PEGylated esters have a significant solubility advantage and improved reactivity over traditional hydrophobic lipase substrates, thereby allowing for efficient and scalable dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) under aqueous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Molinaro
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech USA, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech USA, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Allison Tang
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech USA, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Hans Iding
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Stocker
- Department of Process Chemistry & Catalysis, Synthetic Molecules Technical Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xin Linghu
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech USA, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Francis Gosselin
- Department of Small Molecule Process Chemistry, Genentech USA, Inc. 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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22
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Lin X, Woldegiorgis AG. An acid for an acid. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1655-1656. [PMID: 38036647 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01370-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Lin
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Grandi E, Feyza Özgen F, Schmidt S, Poelarends GJ. Enzymatic Oxy- and Amino-Functionalization in Biocatalytic Cascade Synthesis: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309012. [PMID: 37639631 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalytic cascades are a powerful tool for building complex molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen functionalities. Moreover, the combination of multiple enzymes in one pot offers the possibility to minimize downstream processing and waste production. In this review, we illustrate various recent efforts in the development of multi-step syntheses involving C-O and C-N bond-forming enzymes to produce high value-added compounds, such as pharmaceuticals and polymer precursors. Both in vitro and in vivo examples are discussed, revealing the respective advantages and drawbacks. The use of engineered enzymes to boost the cascades outcome is also addressed and current co-substrate and cofactor recycling strategies are presented, highlighting the importance of atom economy. Finally, tools to overcome current challenges for multi-enzymatic oxy- and amino-functionalization reactions are discussed, including flow systems with immobilized biocatalysts and cascades in confined nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Grandi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fatma Feyza Özgen
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Chen J, Yang X, Huang Y, Zheng Z, Li T. The Development of Aldehyde Catalytic System. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300731. [PMID: 37755436 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde catalysts have proven to be highly effective in facilitating and accelerating a wide range of challenging transformations in organic chemistry. This article is structured into three main sections, focusing on the utilization of aldehydes as organocatalysts, the aldehydes/transition metals catalytic systems, and photochemical initiators. Finally, we provide a concise summary of the advancements in this fascinating research field, offering our perspectives and insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yixian Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Tingting Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticides, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University. Huaxi District, Guiyang, 550025, China
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25
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Wang S, Ye Y, Shen H, Liu J, Liu Z, Jiang Z, Lei J, Zhang Y. Visible-light induced C(sp 3)-H arylation of glycine derivatives by cerium catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8364-8371. [PMID: 37815482 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01458d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
A Ce(III)-catalyzed, visible-light induced aerobic oxidative dehydrogenative coupling reaction between glycine derivatives and electron-rich arenes is disclosed. The protocol proceeds efficiently under mild conditions, providing an efficient method for the rapid synthesis of α-arylglycine derivatives without the need for an external photosensitizer and additional oxidant. Moreover, this protocol could be performed on a 5 mmol scale, without obvious reduction of the efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Yanjie Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Hailong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Jiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Zhao Liu
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhigen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
| | - Junqiang Lei
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.
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26
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Michel E, Grieser FF, Mackenroth AV, Schukin M, Krämer P, Tahir S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Light-Induced Metal-Free Generation of Cyanocarbenes from Alkynyl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Nitrile Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309274. [PMID: 37515774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of alkynyl triazenes is an emerging field for organic chemists and especially acid-induced nucleophilic functionalizations, either directly, or after a prior reaction towards aromatic triazenes under extrusion of nitrogen, paved the way for fruitful strategies. In contrast, the chemical behavior of alkynyl triazenes upon irradiation with light is still unknown. Herein we present the first photoactivation of alkynyl triazenes that triggers an uncommon reactivity pattern involving the cleavage of the N1-N2 bond of the triazene moiety resulting in a unique approach to cyanocarbenes from a readily available, stable, and insensitive precursor. This allows to access various nitrile compounds without the use of a toxic cyanating agent by exploiting the reactivity pattern of carbenes. By variation of the reaction conditions and light sources, different substitution patterns can be obtained selectively in good yields under mild and metal-free conditions, thus introducing the alkynyl triazene unit as a photo accessible methylene nitrile synthon. Using this synthon, subclasses like α-alkoxynitriles, α-aminonitriles and α-cyanohydrazones become easily available. These exhibit synthetically valuable substitution patterns for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, intermediates for total synthesis and amino acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian F Grieser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schukin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaista Tahir
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Li Y, Guo S, Li QH, Zheng K. Metal-free photoinduced C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H cross-coupling to access α‑tertiary amino acid derivatives. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6225. [PMID: 37802984 PMCID: PMC10558569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41956-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction is the most direct and efficient method for constructing α-tertiary amino acids (ATAAs), which avoids the pre-activation of C(sp3)-H substrates. However, the use of transition metals and harsh reaction conditions are still significant challenges for these reactions that urgently require solutions. This paper presents a mild, metal-free CDC reaction for the construction of ATAAs, which is compatible with various benzyl C-H substrates, functionalized C-H substrates, and alkyl substrates, with good regioselectivity. Notably, our method exhibits excellent functional group tolerance and late-stage applicability. According to mechanistic studies, the one-step synthesized and bench-stable N-alkoxyphtalimide generates a highly electrophilic trifluoro ethoxy radical that serves as a key intermediate in the reaction process and acts as a hydrogen atom transfer reagent. Therefore, our metal-free and additive-free method offers a promising strategy for the synthesis of ATAAs under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qing-Han Li
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, College of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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28
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Songsri S, Harkiss AH, Sutherland A. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Charge-Transfer-Based Pyrimidine-Derived α-Amino Acids. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13214-13224. [PMID: 37621156 PMCID: PMC10507667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The four-step synthesis of fluorescent pyrimidine-derived α-amino acids from an l-aspartic acid derivative is described. The key synthetic steps involved preparation of ynone intermediates via the reaction of alkynyl lithium salts with a Weinreb amide, followed by an ytterbium-catalyzed heterocyclization reaction with amidines. Variation of substituents at the C2- and C4-position of the pyrimidine ring allowed tuning of the photoluminescent properties of the α-amino acids. This revealed that a combination of highly conjugated or electron-rich aryl substituents with the π-deficient pyrimidine motif resulted in fluorophores with the highest quantum yields and overall brightness. Further analysis of the most fluorogenic α-amino acid demonstrated solvatochromism and sensitivity to pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sineenard Songsri
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander H. Harkiss
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, The Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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29
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Liu XY, Yang YL, Dang Y, Marek I, Zhang FG, Ma JA. Tetrazole Diversification of Amino Acids and Peptides via Silver-Catalyzed Intermolecular Cycloaddition with Aryldiazonium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304740. [PMID: 37212541 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Selective structural modification of amino acids and peptides is a central strategy in organic chemistry, chemical biology but also in pharmacology and material science. In this context, the formation of tetrazole rings, known to possess significant therapeutic properties, would expand the chemical space of unnatural amino acids but has received less attention. In this study, we demonstrated that the classic unimolecular Wolff rearrangement of α-amino acid-derived diazoketones could be replaced by a faster intermolecular cycloaddition reaction with aryldiazonium salts under identical practical conditions. This strategy provides an efficient synthetic platform that could transform proteinogenic α-amino acids into a plethora of unprecedented tetrazole-decorated amino acid derivatives with preservation of the stereocenters. Density functional theory studies shed some light on the reaction mechanism and provided information regarding the origins of the chemo- and regioselectivity. Furthermore, this diazo-cycloaddition protocol was applied to construct tetrazole-modified peptidomimetics and drug-like amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Yu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Lin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Resnick Sustainability Center for Catalysis, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200009, Israel
| | - Fa-Guang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jun-An Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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30
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McGrory R, Clarke R, Marshall O, Sutherland A. Fluorescent α-amino acids via Heck-Matsuda reactions of phenylalanine-derived arenediazonium salts. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6932-6939. [PMID: 37580965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01096a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The Heck-Matsuda coupling reaction of arenediazonium salts derived from L-phenylalanine with various alkenes has been developed. A two-step process involving the preparation of a tetrafluoroborate diazonium salt from a 4-aminophenylalanine derivative, followed by a palladium(0)-catalysed Heck-Matsuda coupling reaction allowed access to a range of unnatural α-amino acids with cinnamate, vinylsulfone and stilbene side-chains. Analysis of the photophysical properties of these unnatural α-amino acids demonstrated that the (E)-stilbene analogues exhibited fluorescent properties with red-shifted absorption and emission spectra and larger quantum yields than L-phenylalanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle McGrory
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Rebecca Clarke
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Olivia Marshall
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Andrew Sutherland
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, The Joseph Black Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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31
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Zhou SS, Sun XY, Liu WK, Song JY, Wang Z, Qi ZH, Wang XW. COAP-Pd Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Azlactones with MBH Carbonates: Access to Unnatural α-Quaternary Stereogenic Glutamic Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11867-11873. [PMID: 37527492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed regioselective and asymmetric allylic alkylation of azlactones with MBH carbonates has been developed with chiral oxalamide-phosphine ligands. The corresponding reaction afforded a range of optically active γ-arylidenyl glutamic acid derivatives bearing an α-chiral quaternary stereocenter in good yields with excellent linear regio- and high enantioselectivity. This protocol furnishes an alternative approach for the construction of enantio-enriched unnatural α-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Suo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Yun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yu Song
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Hang Qi
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230029, P.R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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32
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Cheng L, Li D, Mai BK, Bo Z, Cheng L, Liu P, Yang Y. Stereoselective amino acid synthesis by synergistic photoredox-pyridoxal radical biocatalysis. Science 2023; 381:444-451. [PMID: 37499030 PMCID: PMC10444520 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Developing synthetically useful enzymatic reactions that are not known in biochemistry and organic chemistry is an important challenge in biocatalysis. Through the synergistic merger of photoredox catalysis and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) biocatalysis, we developed a pyridoxal radical biocatalysis approach to prepare valuable noncanonical amino acids, including those bearing a stereochemical dyad or triad, without the need for protecting groups. Using engineered PLP enzymes, either enantiomeric product could be produced in a biocatalyst-controlled fashion. Synergistic photoredox-pyridoxal radical biocatalysis represents a powerful platform with which to discover previously unknown catalytic reactions and to tame radical intermediates for asymmetric catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Dian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Zhiyu Bo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Lida Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering (BMSE) Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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33
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Kesavulu G, Balachandra B, Prasad KR. Lithio Tris(methylthio)methane as Hydroxy/Thio/Aminocarbonyl Anion Equivalent: Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Amino Acid Esters, Thioesters, Amides, and Peptides. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37406168 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of lithio tris(methylthio)methane as a hydroxy/thio/amino carbonyl anion equivalent in the synthesis of α-amino acids is reported. Addition of the reagent to nonracemic sulfinimines furnished the α-sulfinamido trithioformates in excellent diastereoselectivity. Unmasking the trithioformates to diverse functionalities, such as α-amino acid thioesters, esters, anilides, amides, and di/tri peptides, without epimerization of chiral centers was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangarajulu Kesavulu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Biguvu Balachandra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kavirayani R Prasad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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34
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Stockhammer L, Craik R, Monkowius U, Cordes DB, Smith AD, Waser M. Isothiourea-Catalyzed Enantioselective Functionalisation of Glycine Schiff Base Aryl Esters via 1,6- and 1,4-Additions. CHEMISTRYEUROPE 2023; 1:e202300015. [PMID: 38882579 PMCID: PMC7616101 DOI: 10.1002/ceur.202300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The enantioselective α-functionalisation of glycine Schiff base aryl esters through isothiourea catalysis is successfully demonstrated for 1,6-additions to para-quinone methides (21 examples, up to 95:5 dr and 96:4 er) and 1,4-additions to methylene substituted dicarbonyl or disulfonyl Michael acceptors (17 examples, up to 98:2 er). This nucleophilic organocatalysis approach gives access to a range of α-functionalised α-amino acid derivatives and further transformations of the activated aryl ester group provide a straightforward entry to advanced amino acid-based esters, amides or thioesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Stockhammer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - Rebecca Craik
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Uwe Monkowius
- School of Education, Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, KY16 9ST St Andrews, Fife, (UK)
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz (Austria)
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35
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Zebrowski P, Röser K, Chrenko D, Pospíšil J, Waser M. Enantioselective β-Selective Addition of Isoxazolidin-5-ones to Allenoates Catalyzed by Quaternary Ammonium Salts. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2023; 55:1706-1713. [PMID: 38855403 PMCID: PMC7616069 DOI: 10.1055/a-1948-5493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective addition of isoxazolidin-5-ones to the β-carbon of allenoates has been carried out by using a novel spirobiindane-based quaternary ammonium salt catalyst. This protocol, which proceeds under classical liquid-solid phase-transfer conditions, gives access to unprecedented highly functionalized β2,2-amino acid derivatives with good enantioselectivities and in high yields, and further manipulations of these products have been carried out as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Zebrowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Katharina Röser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
| | - Daniel Chrenko
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pospíšil
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Waser
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040 Linz, Austria
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36
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Shen HR, Li CX, Jiang X, Lin Y, Liu JH, Zhu F, Wu ZL, Cai T, Wen W, He RX, Guo QX. Chiral aldehyde catalysis enables direct asymmetric α-substitution reaction of N-unprotected amino acids with halohydrocarbons. Chem Sci 2023; 14:5665-5671. [PMID: 37265737 PMCID: PMC10231321 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01294h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct catalytic α-hydrocarbylation of readily available amino acids with halohydrocarbons is one of the most straightforward methods leading to α,α-disubstituted non-proteinogenic α-amino acid compounds. However, all the reported methodologies depend on N-protected amino acids as starting materials. Herein, we report on three highly efficient aldehyde-catalyzed direct α-hydrocarbylations of N-unprotected amino acid esters with aryl-, allyl-, and benzyl halides. By promoting a simple chiral BINOL-aldehyde catalyst or combining catalysts of a chiral aldehyde and Lewis acid ZnCl2, the asymmetric α-arylation, α-allylation, and α-benzylation of amino acid esters with the corresponding halohydrocarbons proceed smoothly, producing α,α-disubstituted α-amino acids in moderate-to-high yields and good-to-excellent enantioselectivities. The asymmetric α-arylation reaction can be applied in the formal synthesis of the clinical candidate compound (+)-AG-041R. Based on the results given by control experiments, three reaction models are proposed to illustrate the stereoselective-control outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Chao-Xing Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Yao Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Jian-Hua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Fang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Zhu-Lian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Tian Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Wei Wen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Rong-Xing He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Qi-Xiang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
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37
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Twitty JC, Hong Y, Garcia B, Tsang S, Liao J, Schultz DM, Hanisak J, Zultanski SL, Dion A, Kalyani D, Watson MP. Diversifying Amino Acids and Peptides via Deaminative Reductive Cross-Couplings Leveraging High-Throughput Experimentation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5684-5695. [PMID: 36853652 PMCID: PMC10117303 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A deaminative reductive coupling of amino acid pyridinium salts with aryl bromides has been developed to enable efficient synthesis of noncanonical amino acids and diversification of peptides. This method transforms natural, commercially available lysine, ornithine, diaminobutanoic acid, and diaminopropanoic acid to aryl alanines and homologated derivatives with varying chain lengths. Attractive features include ability to transverse scales, tolerance of pharma-relevant (hetero)aryls and biorthogonal functional groups, and the applicability beyond monomeric amino acids to short and macrocyclic peptide substrates. The success of this work relied on high-throughput experimentation to identify complementary reaction conditions that proved critical for achieving the coupling of a broad scope of aryl bromides with a range of amino acid and peptide substrates including macrocyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Cameron Twitty
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yun Hong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bria Garcia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Stephanie Tsang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jennie Liao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Danielle M. Schultz
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Jennifer Hanisak
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Susan L. Zultanski
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Amelie Dion
- Department of Process Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., MRL, Rahway, NJ 07065, United States
| | - Dipannita Kalyani
- Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Mary P. Watson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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38
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Jakob B, Diehl AM, Horst K, Kelm H, Manolikakes G. Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric three-component reaction between glyoxylic acid, sulfonamides and arylboronic acids for the synthesis of α-arylglycine derivatives. Front Chem 2023; 11:1165618. [PMID: 36993813 PMCID: PMC10040839 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1165618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed asymmetric three-component synthesis of α-arylglycine derivatives starting from glyoxylic acid, sulfonamides and arylboronic acids is reported. This novel, operationally simple method offers access to the α-arylglycine scaffold in good yields and enantioselectivities. The utilization of α tailored catalyst system enables the enantioselective synthesis of the desired α-arylglycines despite a fast racemic background reaction. The obtained products can be directly employed as building blocks in peptide synthesis.
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39
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Feng M, Fernandes AJ, Meyrelles R, Maulide N. Direct enantioselective α-amination of amides guided by DFT prediction of E/Z selectivity in a sulfonium intermediate. Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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40
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Tian C, Sun Q, Wang J, Chen Q, Wen Z, Borzov M, Nie W. E-Stereospecific 1,1-Carboboration of Terminal Arylalkynes with [IB(C 6F 5) 3] –. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202205029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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41
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Zhao Y, Liu F, Wang Q, Xia W. Visible-Light-Promoted N-Alkylation Reactions of (aza)Aromatic Amines with Ethyl Diazoacetate. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22120490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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42
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Nishino S, Nishii Y, Hirano K. anti-Selective synthesis of β-boryl-α-amino acid derivatives by Cu-catalysed borylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14387-14394. [PMID: 36545143 PMCID: PMC9749109 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06003e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A copper-catalysed regio- and diastereoselective borylamination of α,β-unsaturated esters with B2pin2 and hydroxylamines has been developed to deliver acyclic β-boryl-α-amino acid derivatives with high anti-diastereoselectivity (up to >99 : 1), which is difficult to obtain by the established methods. A chiral phosphoramidite ligand also successfully induces the enantioselectivity, giving the optically active β-borylated α-amino acids. The products can be stereospecifically transformed into β-functionalised α-amino acids, which are of potent interest in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Nishino
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
| | - Koji Hirano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan,Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka565-0871Japan
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43
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Li Y, Yang J, Geng X, Tao P, Shen Y, Su Z, Zheng K. Modular Construction of Unnatural α‐Tertiary Amino Acid Derivatives by Multicomponent Radical Cross‐Couplings. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202210755. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202210755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Geng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Pan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yanling Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Ke Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology Ministry of Education College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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44
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Lin W, You L, Yuan W, He C. Cu-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogermylation: Asymmetric Synthesis of Unnatural β-Germyl α-Amino Acids. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Lin
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Lijun You
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chuan He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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45
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Oroz P, Navo CD, Avenoza A, Busto JH, Corzana F, Jiménez-Osés G, Peregrina JM. Towards Enantiomerically Pure Unnatural α-Amino Acids via Photoredox Catalytic 1,4-Additions to a Chiral Dehydroalanine. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14308-14318. [PMID: 36179039 PMCID: PMC9639051 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemo- and diastereoselective 1,4-conjugate additions of anionic and radical C-nucleophiles to a chiral bicyclic dehydroalanine (Dha) are described. Of particular importance, radical carbon photolysis by a catalytic photoredox process using a simple method with a metal-free photocatalyst provides exceptional yields and selectivities at room temperature. Moreover, these 1,4-conjugate additions offer an excellent starting point for synthesizing enantiomerically pure carbon-β-substituted unnatural α-amino acids (UAAs), which could have a high potential for applications in chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Oroz
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Claudio D. Navo
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Alberto Avenoza
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Jesús H. Busto
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building
800, 48160 Derio, Spain,Ikerbasque, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Peregrina
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, La Rioja, Spain,
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46
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Ji P, Chen J, Meng X, Gao F, Dong Y, Xu H, Wang W. Design of Photoredox-Catalyzed Giese-Type Reaction for the Synthesis of Chiral Quaternary α-Aryl Amino Acid Derivatives via Clayden Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14706-14714. [PMID: 36264622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral quaternary α-aryl amino acids are biologically valued but synthetically challenging building blocks. Herein, we report a strategy for the synthesis of molecular architectures by unifying a photoredox catalytic asymmetric Giese-type reaction and Clayden rearrangement. A new class of chiral Karady-Beckwith dehydroalanines is designed and serves as a versatile handle for the photoredox-mediated highly stereoselective Giese-type reaction with feedstock carboxylic acids and tertiary amines. Subsequent Clayden rearrangement delivers chiral quaternary α-aryl amino acid derivatives with high stereoselectivity. The versatile approach offers a reliable source for the assembly of highly demanding chiral building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ji
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Xiang Meng
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Yue Dong
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Hang Xu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
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47
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Retini M, Bartolucci S, Bartoccini F, Piersanti G. Asymmetric Alkylation of Cyclic Ketones with Dehydroalanine via H-Bond-Directing Enamine Catalysis: Straightforward Access to Enantiopure Unnatural α-Amino Acids. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201994. [PMID: 35916657 PMCID: PMC9805190 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The growing importance of structurally diverse and functionalized enantiomerically pure unnatural amino acids in the design of drugs, including peptides, has stimulated the development of new synthetic methods. This study reports the challenging direct asymmetric alkylation of cyclic ketones with dehydroalanine derivatives via a conjugate addition reaction for the synthesis of enantiopure ketone-based α-unnatural amino acids. The key to success was the design of a bifunctional primary amine-thiourea catalyst that combines H-bond-directing activation and enamine catalysis. The simultaneous dual activation of the two relatively unreactive partners, confirmed by mass spectrometry studies, results in high reactivity while securing high levels of stereocontrol. A broad substrate scope is accompanied by versatile downstream chemical modifications. The mild reaction conditions and consistently excellent enantioselectivities (>95 % ee in most cases) render this protocol highly practical for the rapid construction of valuable noncanonical enantiopure α-amino-acid building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Retini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Silvia Bartolucci
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Francesca Bartoccini
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
| | - Giovanni Piersanti
- Department of Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of Urbino Carlo BoPiazza Rinascimento 661029UrbinoPUItaly
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48
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Babu MH, Sim J. Radical‐Mediated C‐H Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives: A Straightforward Strategy for Diverse α‐Unnatural Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madala Hari Babu
- Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
| | - Jaehoon Sim
- Chungnam National University College of Pharmacy College of Pharmacy 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-guW6 College of Pharmacy 34134 Daejeon KOREA, REPUBLIC OF
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49
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Nandi S, Jana R. Toward Sustainable Photo‐/Electrocatalytic Carboxylation of Organic Substrates with CO2. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Nandi
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division 4 Raja S C Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
| | - Ranjan Jana
- Indian Institute of Chemical Biology CSIR Chemistry Division 4, Raja S. C. Mullick RoadJadavpur 700032 Kolkata INDIA
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50
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Zhu F, Miller E, Powell WC, Johnson K, Beggs A, Evenson GE, Walczak MA. Umpolung Ala
B
Reagents for the Synthesis of Non‐Proteogenic Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207153. [PMID: 35653581 PMCID: PMC9329247 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Non-proteogenic amino acids and functionalized peptides are important motifs in modern drug discovery. Here we report that AlaB can serve as universal building blocks in the synthesis of a diverse collection of modified amino acids, peptides, and proteins. First, we develop the synthesis of AlaB from redox-active esters of aspartic acid resulting in a series of β-boronoalanine derivatives. Next, we show that AlaB can be integrated into automated oligopeptide solid-phase synthesis. AlaB is compatible with common transformations used in preparative peptide chemistry such as native chemical ligation and radical desulfurization as showcased by total synthesis of AlaB -containing ubiquitin. Furthermore, AlaB reagents participate in Pd-catalyzed reactions, including C-C cross-couplings and macrocyclizations. Taken together, AlaB synthons are practical reagents to access modified peptides, proteins, and in the synthesis of cyclic/stapled peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
| | - Eric Miller
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Wyatt C. Powell
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Kelly Johnson
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
| | - Alexander Beggs
- Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309 USA
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