1
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Ruiz-Agudo C, Cölfen H. Exploring the Potential of Nonclassical Crystallization Pathways to Advance Cementitious Materials. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 38874016 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the crystallization of cement-binding phases, from basic units to macroscopic structures, can enhance cement performance, reduce clinker use, and lower CO2 emissions in the construction sector. This review examines the crystallization pathways of C-S-H (the main phase in PC cement) and other alternative binding phases, particularly as cement formulations evolve toward increasing SCMs and alternative binders as clinker replacements. We adopt a nonclassical crystallization perspective, which recognizes the existence of critical intermediate steps between ions in solution and the final crystalline phases, such as solute ion associates, dense liquid phases, amorphous intermediates, and nanoparticles. These multistep pathways uncover innovative strategies for controlling the crystallization of binding phases through additive use, potentially leading to highly optimized cement matrices. An outstanding example of additive-controlled crystallization in cementitious materials is the synthetically produced mesocrystalline C-S-H, renowned for its remarkable flexural strength. This highly ordered microstructure, which intercalates soft matter between inorganic and brittle C-S-H, was obtained by controlling the assembly of individual C-S-H subunits. While large-scale production of cementitious materials by a bottom-up self-assembly method is not yet feasible, the fundamental insights into the crystallization mechanism of cement binding phases presented here provide a foundation for developing advanced cement-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ruiz-Agudo
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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2
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Lu Y, Wong LS. On the biocatalytic synthesis of silicone polymers. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38831708 DOI: 10.1039/d4fd00003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Polysiloxanes, with poly(dimethyl)siloxane (PDMS) being the most common example, are widely used in various industrial and consumer applications due to the physicochemical properties imparted by their Si-O-Si backbone structure. The conventional synthesis of PDMS involves the hydrolysis of dichlorodimethylsilane, which raises environmental concerns due to the usage of chlorinated compounds. Herein, a biocatalytic approach for PDMS synthesis is demonstrated using silicatein-α (Silα), an enzyme from marine sponges that is known to catalyse the hydrolysis and condensation of Si-O bonds. Using dialkoxysilane precursors, it was found that Silα catalyses the formation of PDMS in non-aqueous media, yielding polymers with higher molecular weights (approximately 1000-2000 Da). However, on prolonged exposure, the gradual degradation of the polymers was also observed. Overall these observations indicate that Silα catalyses the formation polysiloxanes, demonstrating the potential of biocatalysis for more sustainable polysiloxane production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Lu
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Lu Shin Wong
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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3
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Shchipunov Y. Biomimetic Sol-Gel Chemistry to Tailor Structure, Properties, and Functionality of Bionanocomposites by Biopolymers and Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 17:224. [PMID: 38204077 PMCID: PMC10779932 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biosilica, synthesized annually only by diatoms, is almost 1000 times more abundant than industrial silica. Biosilicification occurs at a high rate, although the concentration of silicic acid in natural waters is ~100 μM. It occurs in neutral aqueous solutions, at ambient temperature, and under the control of proteins that determine the formation of hierarchically organized structures. Using diatoms as an example, the fundamental differences between biosilicification and traditional sol-gel technology, which is performed with the addition of acid/alkali, organic solvents and heating, have been identified. The conditions are harsh for the biomaterial, as they cause protein denaturation and cell death. Numerous attempts are being made to bring sol-gel technology closer to biomineralization processes. Biomimetic synthesis must be conducted at physiological pH, room temperature, and without the addition of organic solvents. To date, significant progress has been made in approaching these requirements. The review presents a critical analysis of the approaches proposed to date for the silicification of biomacromolecules and cells, the formation of bionanocomposites with controlled structure, porosity, and functionality determined by the biomaterial. They demonstrated the broad capabilities and prospects of biomimetic methods for creating optical and photonic materials, adsorbents, catalysts and biocatalysts, sensors and biosensors, and biomaterials for biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Shchipunov
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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4
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Wysokowski M, Luu RK, Arevalo S, Khare E, Stachowiak W, Niemczak M, Jesionowski T, Buehler MJ. Untapped Potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Synthesis of Bioinspired Inorganic-Organic Materials. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:7878-7903. [PMID: 37840775 PMCID: PMC10568971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in 2003, significant progress has been made in the field, specifically advancing aspects of their preparation and physicochemical characterization. Their low-cost and unique tailored properties are reasons for their growing importance as a sustainable medium for the resource-efficient processing and synthesis of advanced materials. In this paper, the significance of these designer solvents and their beneficial features, in particular with respect to biomimetic materials chemistry, is discussed. Finally, this article explores the unrealized potential and advantageous aspects of DESs, focusing on the development of biomineralization-inspired hybrid materials. It is anticipated that this article can stimulate new concepts and advances providing a reference for breaking down the multidisciplinary borders in the field of bioinspired materials chemistry, especially at the nexus of computation and experiment, and to develop a rigorous materials-by-design paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wysokowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rachel K. Luu
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sofia Arevalo
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eesha Khare
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Witold Stachowiak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Niemczak
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Teofil Jesionowski
- Institute
of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, 60965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Markus J. Buehler
- Laboratory
for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics (LAMM), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Center
for Computational Science and Engineering, Schwarzman College of Computing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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5
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Yang W, Zhou Y, Jin B, Qi X, Cai B, Yin Q, Pfaendtner J, De Yoreo JJ, Chen CL. Designing sequence-defined peptoids for fibrillar self-assembly and silicification. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 634:450-459. [PMID: 36542974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.11.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the biological environment, mineral crystals exquisitely controlled by biomacromolecules often show intricate hierarchical structures and superior mechanical properties. Among these biominerals, spicules, hybrid silica/protein superstructures serving as skeletal elements in demosponges, represent an excellent example for motivating the synthesis of silica materials. Herein, by designing sequence-defined peptoids containing side chains with a strong binding to silica, we demonstrated that self-assembly of these peptoids into fiber structures enables the mimicking of both biocatalytic and templating functions of silicatein filaments for the formation of silica fibers at near-neutral pH and ambient temperature. We further showed that the presence of amino groups is significant for the nucleation of silica on self-assembled peptoid nanofibers. Molecular dynamics simulation further confirmed that having silica-binding of amino side chains is critical for self-assembled peptoid fibers in triggering silica formation. We demonstrated that tuning inter-peptoid interactions by varying carboxyl and amino side chains significantly influences the assembly kinetics and final morphologies of peptoid assemblies as scaffolds for directing silica mineralization to form silica spheres, fibers, and sheets. The formation of silica shell on peptoid fibers increased the mechanical property of peptoid hydrogel materials by nearly 1000-fold, highlighting the great potential of using silicification to enhance the mechanical property of hydrogel materials for applications including tissue engineering. Since peptoids are highly robust and programmable, we expect that self-assembly of peptoids containing solid-binding side chains into hierarchical materials opens new opportunities in the design and synthesis of highly tunable scaffolds that direct the formation of composite nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yicheng Zhou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Biao Jin
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jim Pfaendtner
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Chun-Long Chen
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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6
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Kadu P, Gadhe L, Navalkar A, Patel K, Kumar R, Sastry M, Maji SK. Charge and hydrophobicity of amyloidogenic protein/peptide templates regulate the growth and morphology of gold nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15021-15033. [PMID: 36194184 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules are known to interact with metals and produce nanostructured hybrid materials with diverse morphologies and functions. In spite of the great advancement in the principles of biomimetics for designing complex nano-bio structures, the interplay between the physical properties of biomolecules such as sequence, charge, and hydrophobicity with predictable morphology of the resulting nanomaterials is largely unknown. Here, using various amyloidogenic proteins/peptides and their corresponding fibrils in combination with different pH, we show defined principle for gold nanocrystal growth into triangular and supra-spheres with high prediction. Using a combination of different biophysical and structural techniques, we establish the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth of gold nanostructures and show the effective isolation of intact nanostructures from amyloid templates using protein digestion. This study will significantly advance our design principle for bioinspired materials for specific functions with great predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kadu
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Laxmikant Gadhe
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Komal Patel
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Murali Sastry
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering & Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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7
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Pilling R, Patwardhan SV. Recent Advances in Enabling Green Manufacture of Functional Nanomaterials: A Case Study of Bioinspired Silica. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:12048-12064. [PMID: 36161096 PMCID: PMC9490786 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Global specialty silica production is over 3 million tonnes per annum with diverse applications across sectors and an increasing demand for more complex material structures and surface chemistries. Commercial manufacturing of high-value silica nanomaterials is energy and resource intensive. In order to meet market needs and mitigate environmental impacts, new synthesis methods for these porous materials are required. The development of the bioinspired silica (BIS) product system, which is the focus of this review, provides a potential solution to this challenge. BIS is a versatile and greener route with the prospect of good scalability, attractive process economics and well controlled product materials. The potential of the system lies not only in its provision of specific lead materials but also, as itself, a rich design-space for the flexible and potentially predictive design of diverse sustainable silica nanomaterials. Realizing the potential of this design space, requires an integrative mind-set, which enables parallel and responsive progression of multiple and dependent research strands, according to need, opportunities, and emergent knowledge. Specifically, this requires development of detailed understanding of (i) the pathways and extent of material diversity and control, (ii) the influences and mechanisms of scale-up, and (iii) performance, economic and environmental characteristics and sensitivities. Crucially, these need to be developed for the system overall, which sits in contrast to a more traditional research approach, which focuses initially on the discovery of specific material leads at the laboratory scale, leaving scale-up, commercialization, and, potentially, pathway understanding to be considered as distinctly separate concerns. The intention of this review is to present important recent advances made in the field of BIS. Specifically, advances made along three research themes will be discussed: (a) particle formation pathways, (b) product design, and (c) scale-up and manufacture. These advances include first quantitative investigation of synthesis-product relationships, first structured investigation of mixing effects, preparation of a broad range of functionalized and encapsulated silica materials and continued industrial engagement and market research. We identify future challenges and provide an important foundation for the development of new research avenues. These include the need to develop comprehensive and predictive product design models, to understand markets in terms of product cost, performance and environmental considerations, and to develop capabilities enabling rapid prototyping and scale-up of desired nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pilling
- Green Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Siddharth V. Patwardhan
- Green Nanomaterials
Research Group, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
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8
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115930. [PMID: 35187784 PMCID: PMC9314620 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In nature, simple organisms evolved mechanisms to form intricate biosilica nanostructures, far exceeding current synthetic manufacturing. Based on the properties of extracted biomacromolecules, polycation–polyanion pairs were suggested as moderators of biosilica formation. However, the chemical principles of this polymer‐induced silicification remain unclear. Here, we used a biomimetic polycation–polyanion system to study polymer‐induced silicification. We demonstrate that it is the polymer phase separation process, rather than silica–polymer interactions, which controls silica precipitation. Since ionic strength controls this electrostatic phase separation, it can be used to tune the morphology and structure of the precipitates. In situ cryo electron microscopy highlights the pivotal role of the hydrated polymer condensates in this process. These results pave the road for developing nanoscale morphologies of bioinspired silica based on the chemistry of liquid‐liquid phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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9
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Zhai H, Bendikov T, Gal A. Phase Separation of Oppositely Charged Polymers Regulates Bioinspired Silicification. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhai
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Tatyana Bendikov
- Department of Chemical Research Support Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
| | - Assaf Gal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel
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10
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Lee H, Kim N, Rheem HB, Kim BJ, Park JH, Choi IS. A Decade of Advances in Single-Cell Nanocoating for Mammalian Cells. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100347. [PMID: 33890422 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Strategic advances in the single-cell nanocoating of mammalian cells have noticeably been made during the last decade, and many potential applications have been demonstrated. Various cell-coating strategies have been proposed via adaptation of reported methods in the surface sciences and/or materials identification that ensure the sustainability of labile mammalian cells during chemical manipulation. Here an overview of the methodological development and potential applications to the healthcare sector in the nanocoating of mammalian cells made during the last decade is provided. The materials used for the nanocoating are categorized into polymers, hydrogels, polyphenolic compounds, nanoparticles, and minerals, and the corresponding strategies are described under the given set of materials. It also suggests, as a future direction, the creation of the cytospace system that is hierarchically composed of the physically separated but mutually interacting cellular hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Lee
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Hyeong Bin Rheem
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry University of Ulsan Ulsan 44610 Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Department of Science Education Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Insung S. Choi
- Center for Cell‐Encapsulation Research Department of Chemistry KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
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11
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Sarai N, Levin BJ, Roberts JM, Katsoulis DE, Arnold FH. Biocatalytic Transformations of Silicon-the Other Group 14 Element. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:944-953. [PMID: 34235255 PMCID: PMC8227617 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.1c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Significant inroads have been made using biocatalysts to perform new-to-nature reactions with high selectivity and efficiency. Meanwhile, advances in organosilicon chemistry have led to rich sets of reactions holding great synthetic value. Merging biocatalysis and silicon chemistry could yield new methods for the preparation of valuable organosilicon molecules as well as the degradation and valorization of undesired ones. Despite silicon's importance in the biosphere for its role in plant and diatom construction, it is not known to be incorporated into any primary or secondary metabolites. Enzymes have been found that act on silicon-containing molecules, but only a few are known to act directly on silicon centers. Protein engineering and evolution has and could continue to enable enzymes to catalyze useful organosilicon transformations, complementing and expanding upon current synthetic methods. The role of silicon in biology and the enzymes that act on silicon-containing molecules are reviewed to set the stage for a discussion of where biocatalysis and organosilicon chemistry may intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
S. Sarai
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Levin
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John M. Roberts
- Dow
Inc., Core R&D, 633 Washington Street, Midland, Michigan 48667, United
States
| | - Dimitris E. Katsoulis
- Dow
Silicones Corporation, 2200 West Salzburg Road, Auburn, Michigan 48611, United
States
| | - Frances H. Arnold
- Division
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California
Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Lei Q, Guo J, Kong F, Cao J, Wang L, Zhu W, Brinker CJ. Bioinspired Cell Silicification: From Extracellular to Intracellular. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6305-6322. [PMID: 33826324 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In nature, biosilicification directs the formation of elaborate amorphous silica exoskeletons that provide diatoms mechanically strong, chemically inert, non-decomposable silica armor conferring chemical and thermal stability as well as resistance to microbial attack, without changing the optical transparency or adversely effecting nutrient and waste exchange required for growth. These extraordinary silica/cell biocomposites have inspired decades of biomimetic research aimed at replication of diatoms' hierarchically organized exoskeletons, immobilization of cells or living organisms within silica matrices and coatings to protect them against harmful external stresses, genetic re-programming of cellular functions by virtue of physico-chemical confinement within silica, cellular integration into devices, and endowment of cells with non-native, abiotic properties through facile silica functionalization. In this Perspective, we focus our discussions on the development and concomitant challenges of bioinspired cell silicification ranging from "cells encapsulated within 3D silica matrices" and "cells encapsulated within 2D silica shells" to extra- and intracellular silica replication, wherein all biomolecular interfaces are encased within nanoscopic layers of amorphous silica. We highlight notable examples of advances in the science and technology of biosilicification and consider challenges to advancing the field, where we propose cellular "mineralization" with arbitrary nanoparticle exoskeletons as a generalizable means to impart limitless abiotic properties and functions to cells, and, based on the interchangeability of water and silicic acid and analogies between amorphous ice and amorphous silica, we consider "freezing" cells within amorphous silica as an alternative to cryo-preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lei
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jimin Guo
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Molecular Medicine, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Fanhui Kong
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangfan Cao
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Wei Zhu
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - C Jeffrey Brinker
- Center for Micro-Engineered Materials, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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13
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Abdelhamid MAA, Pack SP. Biomimetic and bioinspired silicifications: Recent advances for biomaterial design and applications. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:38-56. [PMID: 32447061 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The rational design and controllable synthesis of functional silica-based materials have gained increased interest in a variety of biomedical and biotechnological applications due to their unique properties. The current review shows that marine organisms, such as siliceous sponges and diatoms, could be the inspiration for the fabrication of advanced biohybrid materials. Several biomolecules were involved in the molecular mechanism of biosilicification in vivo. Mimicking their behavior, functional silica-based biomaterials have been generated via biomimetic and bioinspired silicification in vitro. Additionally, several advanced technologies were developed for in vitro and in vivo immobilization of biomolecules with potential applications in biocatalysis, biosensors, bioimaging, and immunoassays. A thin silica layer could coat a single living cell or virus as a protective shell offering new opportunities in biotechnology and nanomedicine fields. Promising nanotechnologies have been developed for drug encapsulation and delivery in a targeted and controlled manner, in particular for poorly soluble hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, biomimetic silica, as a morphogenetically active biocompatible material, has been utilized in the field of bone regeneration and in the development of biomedical implantable devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In nature, silica-based biomaterials, such as diatom frustules and sponge spicules, with high mechanical and physical properties were created under biocompatible conditions. The fundamental knowledge underlying the molecular mechanisms of biosilica formation could inspire engineers and chemists to design novel hybrid biomaterials using molecular biomimetic strategies. The production of such biohybrid materials brings the biosilicification field closer to practical applications. This review starts with the biosilicification process of sponges and diatoms with recently updated researches. Then, this article covers recent advances in the design of silica-based biomaterials and their potential applications in the fields of biotechnology and nanomedicine, highlighting several promising technologies for encapsulation of functional proteins and living cells, drug delivery and the preparation of scaffolds for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Abstract
Formation of highly symmetric skeletal elements in demosponges, called spicules, follows a unique biomineralization mechanism in which polycondensation of an inherently disordered amorphous silica is guided by a highly ordered proteinaceous scaffold, the axial filament. The enzymatically active proteins, silicateins, are assembled into a slender hybrid silica/protein crystalline superstructure that directs the morphogenesis of the spicules. Furthermore, silicateins are known to catalyze the formation of a large variety of other technologically relevant organic and inorganic materials. However, despite the biological and biotechnological importance of this macromolecule, its tertiary structure was never determined. Here we report the atomic structure of silicatein and the entire mineral/organic hybrid assembly with a resolution of 2.4 Å. In this work, the serial X-ray crystallography method was successfully adopted to probe the 2-µm-thick filaments in situ, being embedded inside the skeletal elements. In combination with imaging and chemical analysis using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, we provide detailed information on the enzymatic activity of silicatein, its crystallization, and the emergence of a functional three-dimensional silica/protein superstructure in vivo. Ultimately, we describe a naturally occurring mineral/protein crystalline assembly at atomic resolution.
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15
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Nishi M, Kobayashi H, Amano T, Sakate Y, Bito T, Arima J, Shimizu K. Identification of the Domains Involved in Promotion of Silica Formation in Glassin, a Protein Occluded in Hexactinellid Sponge Biosilica, for Development of a Tag for Purification and Immobilization of Recombinant Proteins. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 22:739-747. [PMID: 32291549 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-020-09967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Glassin, a protein occluded in biosilica of the hexactinellid sponge Euplectela, promotes silica formation from silicic acid at room temperature and neutral pH and is characterized by its primary structure which consists of a tandem repeat carrying three distinct domains, histidine and aspartic acid-rich (HD) domain, proline-rich (P) domain, and histidine and threonine-rich (HT) domain. The present study aims to clarify the domain responsible for the promotion of silica formation and to demonstrate usefulness of glassin and its domain as a tag for purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. When each domain was mixed with silicic acid at neutral pH, silica was formed with HD domain as well as glassin, or a single repeat, but not with P or HT domain. Neither of amino or carboxy-terminal half of HD domain induced silica formation. The amount of silica formed with HD domain was significantly lower than that of glassin or a single repeat. HD domain fused with HT domain raised the amount of silica formed, while a HD domain fused with P domain, a mixture of HD and P domains, or a mixture of HD and HT domains has little effect on the promotion of silica formation. Collectively, a minimum sequence for promotion of silica formation is HD domain, whose activity can be enhanced by HT domain through a topological effect. In addition, practicality of glassin and HD domain was demonstrated by fusion of these sequences to green fluorescent protein which was successfully purified with Ni affinity chromatography and immobilized on silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michika Nishi
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate studies of Sustainability Science, Tottori University Graduate School, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate studies of Sustainability Science, Tottori University Graduate School, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Taro Amano
- Division of Agricultural Science, Graduate studies of Sustainability Science, Tottori University Graduate School, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yuto Sakate
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Life Environmental Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shimizu
- Platform for Community-based Research and Education, Tottori University, 4-101, Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori, 680-8550, Japan.
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16
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Kim S, Park JH. Chemically Robust Antifog Nanocoating through Multilayer Deposition of Silica Composite Nanofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42109-42118. [PMID: 32809787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A coating must remain intact to perform its inherent functions on a surface, and often functional organic coatings fail due to deterioration because of their intrinsic vulnerabilities. In this work, we present a biomimetic material based on a glass sponge to provide a robust silica composite nanocoating with an antifog effect. The silica composite nanocoating was constructed with a binary film structure consisting of (1) a Fe(III)-tannic acid (TA) nanofilm for adhesion to coat the substrates and (2) a SiO2 layer to enhance the durability of the coating. Due to the universal coating property of Fe(III)-TA nanofilms, we demonstrated that the silica composite nanocoating was effective regardless of the substrate. By layer-by-layer assembly of the silica composite, it is possible to precisely control the nanocoating thickness. The superhydrophilic nature of the SiO2 layer showed an exceptional antifog effect that remained intact against multiple deteriorative conditions, including acid treatment, peroxide degradation, sudden temperature change, severe heat conduction, and oil contamination. In addition, the silica composite nanocoating is scalable for surfaces of different shapes and sizes with the aid of a spray-assisted deposition technique. The bioinspired, multicomposite nanocoating strategy herein contributes to the improvement of organic coatings for uses in applications to tackle current technological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seulbi Kim
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Ji Hun Park
- Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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17
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Youn W, Kim JY, Park J, Kim N, Choi H, Cho H, Choi IS. Single-Cell Nanoencapsulation: From Passive to Active Shells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907001. [PMID: 32255241 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell nanoencapsulation is an emerging field in cell-surface engineering, emphasizing the protection of living cells against external harmful stresses in vitro and in vivo. Inspired by the cryptobiotic state found in nature, cell-in-shell structures are formed, which are called artificial spores and which show suppression or retardation in cell growth and division and enhanced cell survival under harsh conditions. The property requirements of the shells suggested for realization of artificial spores, such as durability, permselectivity, degradability, and functionalizability, are demonstrated with various cytocompatible materials and processes. The first-generation shells in single-cell nanoencapsulation are passive in the operation mode, and do not biochemically regulate the cellular metabolism or activities. Recent advances indicate that the field has shifted further toward the formation of active shells. Such shells are intimately involved in the regulation and manipulation of biological processes. Not only endowing the cells with new properties that they do not possess in their native forms, active shells also regulate cellular metabolism and/or rewire biological pathways. Recent developments in shell formation for microbial and mammalian cells are discussed and an outlook on the field is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wongu Youn
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Ji Yup Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Joohyouck Park
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeoncheol Cho
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Center for Cell-Encapsulation Research, Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
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18
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Improved Production and Biophysical Analysis of Recombinant Silicatein-α. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091209. [PMID: 32825281 PMCID: PMC7565869 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicatein-α is a hydrolase found in siliceous sea sponges with a unique ability to condense and hydrolyse silicon–oxygen bonds. The enzyme is thus of interest from the perspective of its unusual enzymology, and for potential applications in the sustainable synthesis of siloxane-containing compounds. However, research into this enzyme has previously been hindered by the tendency of silicatein-α towards aggregation and insolubility. Herein, we report the development of an improved method for the production of a trigger factor-silicatein fusion protein by switching the previous hexahistidine tag for a Strep-II tag, resulting in 244-fold improvement in protein yield compared to previous methods. Light scattering and thermal denaturation analyses show that under the best storage conditions, although oligomerisation is never entirely abolished, these nanoscale aggregates of the Strep-tagged protein exhibit improved colloidal stability and solubility. Enzymatic assays show that the Strep-tagged protein retains catalytic competency, but exhibits lower activity compared to the His6-tagged protein. These results suggest that the hexahistidine tag is capable of non-specific catalysis through their imidazole side chains, highlighting the importance of careful consideration when selecting a purification tag. Overall, the Strep-tagged fusion protein reported here can be produced to a higher yield, exhibits greater stability, and allows the native catalytic properties of this protein to be assessed.
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19
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Kim D, Lee J, Choi J, Yang SH. Cytoprotective Coating of
HeLa
Cells with Titanium Dioxide. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Present address: Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard University MA 02138 USA
| | - Juno Lee
- Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 24186 Korea
| | - Jinsu Choi
- Department of Chemistry EducationKorea National University of Education Chungbuk 82173 Korea
| | - Sung Ho Yang
- Department of Chemistry EducationKorea National University of Education Chungbuk 82173 Korea
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20
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Zhao C, Tian S, Liu Q, Xiu K, Lei I, Wang Z, Ma PX. Biodegradable nanofibrous temperature-responsive gelling microspheres for heart regeneration. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020. [PMID: 33071711 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (heart attack) is the number one killer of heart patients. Existing treatments for heart attack do not address the underlying problem of cardiomyocyte (CM) loss and cannot regenerate the myocardium. Introducing exogenous cardiac cells is required for heart regeneration due to the lack of resident progenitor cells and very limited proliferative potential of adult CMs. Poor retention of transplanted cells is the critical bottleneck of heart regeneration. Here, we report the invention of a poly(l-lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide) copolymer and its self-assembly into nanofibrous gelling microspheres (NF-GMS). The NF-GMS undergo thermally responsive transition to form not only a 3D hydrogel after injection in vivo, but also exhibit architectural and structural characteristics mimicking the native extracellular matrix (ECM) of nanofibrous proteins and gelling proteoglycans or polysaccharides. By integrating the ECM-mimicking features, injectable form, and the capability of maintaining 3D geometry after injection, the transplantation of hESC-derived CMs carried by NF-GMS led to a striking 10-fold graft size increase over direct CM injection in an infarcted rat model, which is the highest reported engraftment to date. Furthermore, NF-GMS carried CM transplantation dramatically reduced infarct size, enhanced integration of transplanted CMs, stimulated vascularization in the infarct zone, and led to a substantial recovery of cardiac function. The NF-GMS may also serve as advanced injectable and integrative biomaterials for cell/biomolecule delivery in a variety of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhao
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Shuo Tian
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Qihai Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Kemao Xiu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ienglam Lei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Frankel Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Peter X Ma
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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21
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Nieto-Domínguez M, Nikel PI. Intersecting Xenobiology and Neometabolism To Bring Novel Chemistries to Life. Chembiochem 2020; 21:2551-2571. [PMID: 32274875 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diversity of life relies on a handful of chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus) as part of essential building blocks; some other atoms are needed to a lesser extent, but most of the remaining elements are excluded from biology. This circumstance limits the scope of biochemical reactions in extant metabolism - yet it offers a phenomenal playground for synthetic biology. Xenobiology aims to bring novel bricks to life that could be exploited for (xeno)metabolite synthesis. In particular, the assembly of novel pathways engineered to handle nonbiological elements (neometabolism) will broaden chemical space beyond the reach of natural evolution. In this review, xeno-elements that could be blended into nature's biosynthetic portfolio are discussed together with their physicochemical properties and tools and strategies to incorporate them into biochemistry. We argue that current bioproduction methods can be revolutionized by bridging xenobiology and neometabolism for the synthesis of new-to-nature molecules, such as organohalides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nieto-Domínguez
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Pablo I Nikel
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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22
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Markl JS, Müller WEG, Sereno D, Elkhooly TA, Kokkinopoulou M, Gardères J, Depoix F, Wiens M. A synthetic biology approach for the fabrication of functional (fluorescent magnetic) bioorganic–inorganic hybrid materials in sponge primmorphs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1789-1804. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Markl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Dayane Sereno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Tarek A. Elkhooly
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | | | - Johan Gardères
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Frank Depoix
- Institute of ZoologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Matthias Wiens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
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23
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Böhm CF, Harris J, Schodder PI, Wolf SE. Bioinspired Materials: From Living Systems to New Concepts in Materials Chemistry. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12132117. [PMID: 31266158 PMCID: PMC6651889 DOI: 10.3390/ma12132117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nature successfully employs inorganic solid-state materials (i.e., biominerals) and hierarchical composites as sensing elements, weapons, tools, and shelters. Optimized over hundreds of millions of years under evolutionary pressure, these materials are exceptionally well adapted to the specifications of the functions that they perform. As such, they serve today as an extensive library of engineering solutions. Key to their design is the interplay between components across length scales. This hierarchical design—a hallmark of biogenic materials—creates emergent functionality not present in the individual constituents and, moreover, confers a distinctly increased functional density, i.e., less material is needed to provide the same performance. The latter aspect is of special importance today, as climate change drives the need for the sustainable and energy-efficient production of materials. Made from mundane materials, these bioceramics act as blueprints for new concepts in the synthesis and morphosynthesis of multifunctional hierarchical materials under mild conditions. In this review, which also may serve as an introductory guide for those entering this field, we demonstrate how the pursuit of studying biomineralization transforms and enlarges our view on solid-state material design and synthesis, and how bioinspiration may allow us to overcome both conceptual and technical boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna F Böhm
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joe Harris
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp I Schodder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephan E Wolf
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering (WW), Institute of Glass and Ceramics (WW3), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Functional Particle Systems (FPS), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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24
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Jin R. Understanding Silica from the Viewpoint of Asymmetry. Chemistry 2019; 25:6270-6283. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ren‐Hua Jin
- Department of Material and Life ChemistryKanagawa University 3-2-7 Rokkakubashi Yokohama 221-8686 Japan
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25
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Aguilar-Camacho JM, McCormack GP. Silicatein expression in Haliclona indistincta (Phylum Porifera, Order Haplosclerida) at different developmental stages. Dev Genes Evol 2019; 229:35-41. [PMID: 30756180 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-019-00627-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Silicatein is the main protein responsible for the formation of spicules, tiny structures that constitute the silica skeleton of marine demosponges (Phylum Porifera). A unique innovation in Porifera that evolved from the cathepsin L family of proteins, it has been reported that two amino acids (S and H) are necessary to form the catalytic triad (SHN) to enable silica condensation. However, a diversity of silicatein sequence variants has since been reported with a variable pattern of presence/absence across sponge groups. Variants containing CHN or C/SQN at the active site appear more common in sponges from the Haplosclerida. Here, we report the expression levels of five silicatein variants through different developmental stages in the haplosclerid Haliclona indistincta. All five silicatein variants were expressed at low levels in the free-swimming larvae, which lack spicules and expression significantly increased at the two developmental phases in which spicules were visible. At these two phases, silicateins of CHN and C/SQN types were much more highly expressed than the SHN type indicating a possible ability of active sites with these alternative amino acids to condense silica and a more complex evolutionary story for spicule formation in marine demosponges than previously understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Maria Aguilar-Camacho
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Grace P McCormack
- Zoology, School of Natural Sciences and Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
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26
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Solution rheological parameters modulate calcium phosphate mineralization in a microfluidic device. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 94:11-16. [PMID: 30423691 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mineralization of calcium phosphate and other materials in vivo and in natural water sources occurs in solutions that are not stagnant, but are flowing. Flow conditions could influence solution mixing and, therefore, mineralization kinetics or mechanism. This work describes the design and characterization of a multi-stream parallel flow microfluidic device that allows for controlled solution mixing and indirect control of laminar flow by altering the microfluidic device width, shape, length, flow rate, and flow velocity. Measurement of solution mixing was accomplished using the protonation of quinine to produce a fluorescent molecule and the rate of calcium phosphate mineralization was monitored by optical microscopy and analysis with Image J software. Experiments were designed to hold the flow rate constant, allowing the solution velocity to vary and to hold the velocity constant, allowing the flow rate to vary. It was found that small changes in laminar flow conditions do not correlate to mineral growth, but solution velocity and flow rate have a substantial effect on calcium phosphate mineralization. AFM and SEM characterization of the mineral produced shows an amorphous material and varying degrees of mineralization possibly due to variation in supersaturation conditions across the solution mixing area. This microfluidic device and analysis procedure allows for improved study of mineralization and the effect of flow conditions relevant to those seen in biological settings.
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27
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Abdelhamid MAA, Yeo KB, Ki MR, Pack SP. Self-encapsulation and controlled release of recombinant proteins using novel silica-forming peptides as fusion linkers. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:1175-1183. [PMID: 30576734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the potential use of biomimetic silica as smart matrices for the auto-encapsulation and controlled release of functional proteins has gained increased interest because of the mild synthesis conditions. Inspired by biological silicification, in this study, we studied novel silica-forming peptides (SFPs), Volp1 and Salp1, to mediate the generation of silica hybrids in vitro. The fusion of SFPs to model fluorescent proteins directed their auto-encapsulation in wet sol-gel silica materials. Furthermore, the SFPs served as affinity linkers for the immobilization of recombinant proteins in silica. Interestingly, the SFP fusion proteins modulated silicic acid polycondensation and allowed for the self-immobilization of SFP fusion proteins in two distinct silica formulations depending on the ionic strength-precipitated silica particles or wet silica gel. The controlled release of Salp1/Volp1 fusion proteins from silica matrices was significantly greater than that of the silaffin R5 fusion proteins. Subsequently, we showed that multiple SFP-tagged proteins homogenously entrapped within a silica matrix could be separately released following pre-incubation with different concentrations of l-arginine solution. These new findings provide a simple and reproducible route for silica hybrid formation for in situ stable auto-encapsulation and the sustained release of recombinant proteins with potential applications in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Abdelhamid
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Ki Baek Yeo
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong-Ro 2511, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Evolution of the main skeleton-forming genes in sponges (phylum Porifera) with special focus on the marine Haplosclerida (class Demospongiae). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2018; 131:245-253. [PMID: 30502904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The skeletons of sponges (Phylum Porifera) are comprised of collagen, often embedded with small siliceous structures (spicules) arranged in various forms to provide strength and flexibility. The main proteins responsible for the formation of the spicules in demosponges are the silicateins, which are related to the cathepsins L of other animals. While the silicatein active site, necessary for the formation of biosilica crystals, is characterized by the amino acids SHN, different variants of the silicatein genes have been found, some that retain SHN at the active site and some that don't. As part of an effort to further understand skeleton formation in marine sponges of the order Haplosclerida, a search for all silicatein variants were made in Irish species representing the main clades of this large sponge group. For this task, transcriptomes were sequenced and de novo assembled from Haliclona oculata, H. simulans and H. indistincta. Silicatein genes were identified from these and all available genomes and transcriptomes from Porifera. These were analysed along with all complete silicateins from GenBank. Silicateins were only found in species belonging to the class Demospongiae but excluding Keratosa and Verongimorpha and there was significant duplication and diversity of these genes. Silicateins showing SHN at the active site were polyphyletic. Indeed silicatein sequences were divided into six major clades (CHNI, CHNII, CHNIII, SHNI, SHNII and C/SQN). In those clades where haplosclerids were well represented the silicatein phylogeny reflected previous ribosomal and mitochondrial topologies. The most basal silicatein clade (CHNI) contained sequences only from marine haplosclerids and freshwater sponges while one silicatein from H. indistincta was more related to cathepsins L (outgroup) than to the overall silicatein clade indicating the presence of an old silicatein or an intermediary form. This data could suggest that marine haplosclerids were one of the first groups of extant demosponges to acquire silicatein genes. Furthermore, we suggest that the paucity of spicule types in this group may be due to their single copy of SHNI variants, and the lack of a silintaphin gene.
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30
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Povarova NV, Barinov NA, Baranov MS, Markina NM, Varizhuk AM, Pozmogova GE, Klinov DV, Kozhemyako VB, Lukyanov KA. Efficient silica synthesis from tetra(glycerol)orthosilicate with cathepsin- and silicatein-like proteins. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16759. [PMID: 30425281 PMCID: PMC6233156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicateins play a key role in biosynthesis of spicules in marine sponges; they are also capable to catalyze formation of amorphous silica in vitro. Silicateins are highly homologous to cathepsins L – a family of cysteine proteases. Molecular mechanisms of silicatein activity remain controversial. Here site-directed mutagenesis was used to clarify significance of selected residues in silica polymerization. A number of mutations were introduced into two sponge proteins – silicatein A1 and cathepsin L from Latrunculia oparinae, as well as into human cathepsin L. First direction was alanine scanning of the proposed catalytic residues. Also, reciprocal mutations were introduced at selected positions that differ between cathepsins L and silicateins. Surprisingly, all the wild type and mutant proteins were capable to catalyze amorphous silica formation with a water-soluble silica precursor tetra(glycerol)orthosilicate. Some mutants possessed several-fold enhanced silica-forming activity and can potentially be useful for nanomaterial synthesis applications. Our findings contradict to the previously suggested mechanisms of silicatein action via a catalytic triad analogous to that in cathepsins L. Instead, a surface-templated biosilification by silicateins and related proteins can be proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Povarova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay A Barinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovitianov 1, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda M Markina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Varizhuk
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina E Pozmogova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Klinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery B Kozhemyako
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
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31
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Postnova I, Silant'ev V, Sarin S, Shchipunov Y. Chitosan Hydrogels and Bionanocomposites Formed through the Mineralization and Regulated Charging. CHEM REC 2018; 18:1247-1260. [PMID: 29791784 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The account presents survey of our systematic studies on chitosan. Only this polysaccharide bears cationic charges, possesses antimicrobial activity and wound healing ability that make it highly appropriate for using in medicine, biomedical engineering, cosmetics, food, packaging. However, its application meets with severe limitation. Chitosan belongs to polysaccharides that do not jellify solutions. Main approaches are based on the chemical modifications and cross-linking, but these treatments impairs therewith the biocompatibility and biological activity of chitosan. We have developed approaches in which monolithic hydrogels are fabricated via the mineralization of polysaccharide by method of green sol-gel chemistry and via the formation of polyelectrolyte complex with oppositely charged counterparts in the regime of its charging by means of regulated acidification. The latter approach was also extended for the preparation of chitosan bionanocomposites and films with nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Postnova
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.,Far-Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia
| | - Vladimir Silant'ev
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Sergei Sarin
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
| | - Yury Shchipunov
- Institute of Chemistry, Far East Department, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia
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Shi J, Wu Y, Zhang S, Tian Y, Yang D, Jiang Z. Bioinspired construction of multi-enzyme catalytic systems. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:4295-4313. [PMID: 29737332 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00914c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzyme catalysis, as a green, efficient process, displays exceptional functionality, adaptivity and sustainability. Multi-enzyme catalysis, which can accomplish the tandem synthesis of valuable materials/chemicals from renewable feedstocks, establishes a bridge between single-enzyme catalysis and whole-cell catalysis. Multi-enzyme catalysis occupies a unique and indispensable position in the realm of biological reactions for energy and environmental applications. Two complementary strategies, i.e., compartmentalization and substrate channeling, have been evolved by living organisms for implementing the complex in vivo multi-enzyme reactions (MERs), which have been applied to construct multi-enzyme catalytic systems (MECSs) with superior catalytic activity and stabilities in practical biocatalysis. This tutorial review aims to present the recent advances and future prospects in this burgeoning research area, stressing the features and applications of the two strategies for constructing MECSs and implementing in vitro MERs. The concluding remarks are presented with a perspective on the construction of MECSs through rational combination of compartmentalization and substrate channeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Shi
- Tianjin Engineering Center of Biomass-derived Gas and Oil, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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33
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Bawazer LA, Ihli J, Levenstein MA, Jeuken LJC, Meldrum FC, McMillan DGG. Enzymatically-controlled biomimetic synthesis of titania/protein hybrid thin films. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:3979-3988. [PMID: 32254326 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00381e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although it is widely recognised that enzymes play a significant role in sculpting complex silica skeletons in marine sponges, the potential for exploiting enzymes in materials synthesis has not yet been fully harnessed. In this work we show that the digestive enzyme papain can self-assemble into monolayers on oxide surfaces, where they then drive the formation of crystalline titanium dioxide nanoparticles. This dual functionality of thin film formation and mineralization promotion has the potential to enable the construction of hierarchical inorganic/organic structures in the form of continuous amorphous titania/protein films which can be refined to 93% anatase post annealing. Additional control over the film thickness is afforded by layer-by-layer processing using a simple dip-coating approach. Papain's TiO2-mineralizing activity displays complex kinetics that deviates from the native Michaelis-Menten kinetic activity, yet deactivation studies demonstrate that this activity relies upon residues that are essential for catalytic site function. These parameters provide unique insight into enzymatic biomineralization, allowing a flexible route to achieving bioengineered titania heterostructures, and potentially providing a green-chemistry solution to photovoltaic cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Bawazer
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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34
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Han L, Liu P, Zhang H, Li F, Liu A. Phage capsid protein-directed MnO 2 nanosheets with peroxidase-like activity for spectrometric biosensing and evaluation of antioxidant behaviour. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5216-5219. [PMID: 28443853 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02049j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecular weight proteins (5.21 kDa) were used as bio-templates to synthesize MnO2 nanosheets (NSs). This work will open up a protein-directed avenue to synthesize 2D morphology. Further, the as-prepared MnO2 NSs showed intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and were then applied for glucose detection and evaluation of antioxidant behaviours of typical antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Han
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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35
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Baillargeon KR, Meserve K, Faulkner S, Watson S, Butts H, Deighan P, Gerdon AE. Precipitation SELEX: identification of DNA aptamers for calcium phosphate materials synthesis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:1092-1095. [PMID: 28045140 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08687j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA aptamers that enhance calcium phosphate mineral formation were identified using a novel precipitation SELEX method. The evolved DNA library was substantially enriched in G nucleotides and in predicted G-quadruplex structures, suggesting their importance in the mechanism of mineralization. This work could readily be extended to provide additional novel DNA aptamers for materials synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Baillargeon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - K Meserve
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Watson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - H Butts
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - P Deighan
- Department of Biology, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A E Gerdon
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Emmanuel College, 400 The Fenway, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Povarova NV, Markina NM, Baranov MS, Barinov NA, Klinov DV, Kozhemyako VB, Lukyanov KA. A water-soluble precursor for efficient silica polymerization by silicateins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 495:2066-2070. [PMID: 29253563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Silicateins, the spicule-forming proteins from marine demosponges capable to polymerize silica, are popular objects of biomineralization studies due to their ability to form particles varied in shape and composition under physiological conditions. Despite the occurrence of the many approaches to nanomaterial synthesis using silicateins, biochemical properties of this protein family are poorly characterized. The main reason for this is that tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), the commonly used silica acid precursor, is almost insoluble in water and thus is poorly available for the protein. To solve this problem, we synthesized new water-soluble silica precursor, tetra(glycerol)orthosilicate (TGS), and characterized biochemical properties of the silicatein A1 from marine sponge Latrunculia oparinae. Compared to TEOS, TGS ensured much greater activity of silicatein and was less toxic for the mammalian cell culture. We evaluated optimum conditions for the enzyme - pH range, temperature and TGS concentration. We concluded that TGS is a useful silica acid precursor that can be used for silica particles synthesis and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Povarova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
| | - Nadezda M Markina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Baranov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay A Barinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry V Klinov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1a, 119435 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Valery B Kozhemyako
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Konstantin A Lukyanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia; Nizhny Novgorod State Medical Academy, Minin and Pozharsky Sq. 10/1, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
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37
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Shimizu K, Morse DE. Silicatein: A Unique Silica-Synthesizing Catalytic Triad Hydrolase From Marine Sponge Skeletons and Its Multiple Applications. Methods Enzymol 2018; 605:429-455. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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38
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Abstract
The application of biocatalytic or chemoenzymatic techniques in silicon chemistry serves two roles: it provides a greater understanding of the processing of silicon species by natural systems, such as plants, diatoms, and sponges, as well opening up avenues to green methodologies in the field. In the latter case, biocatalytic approaches have been applied to the synthesis of small-molecule systems and polymeric materials. Often these biocatalytic approaches allow access to molecular structures under mild conditions and, in some cases, molecular structures that are not accessible through traditional chemical methodologies. A review of recent advances in the applications of biocatalysis in silicon chemistry is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Frampton
- School of Biosciences, Loyalist College, 376 Wallbridge-Loyalist Road, Belleville, ON, K89 5B9, Canada
| | - Paul M Zelisko
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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39
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Sykora S, Correro MR, Moridi N, Belliot G, Pothier P, Dudal Y, Corvini PFX, Shahgaldian P. A Biocatalytic Nanomaterial for the Label-Free Detection of Virus-Like Particles. Chembiochem 2017; 18:996-1000. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Sykora
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - M. Rita Correro
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Negar Moridi
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
| | - Gaël Belliot
- Laboratory of Virology; National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses; CHU F. Mitterrand; F and AgroSup Dijon; PAM UMR A 02.102; University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté; 26, Bd Docteur-Petitjean 21079 Dijon France
| | - Pierre Pothier
- Laboratory of Virology; National Reference Center for Enteric Viruses; CHU F. Mitterrand; F and AgroSup Dijon; PAM UMR A 02.102; University of Burgundy-Franche-Comté; 26, Bd Docteur-Petitjean 21079 Dijon France
| | - Yves Dudal
- INOFEA AG; Hochbergerstrasse 60C 4057 Basel Switzerland
| | - Philippe F.-X. Corvini
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
- School of the Environment; Nanjing University; Xianlin Ave 63 210093 Nanjing China
| | - Patrick Shahgaldian
- School of Life Science; University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; Gründenstrasse 40 4132 Muttenz Switzerland
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40
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Curran CD, Lu L, Jia Y, Kiely CJ, Berger BW, McIntosh S. Direct Single-Enzyme Biomineralization of Catalytically Active Ceria and Ceria-Zirconia Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2017; 11:3337-3346. [PMID: 28212489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization is an intriguing approach to the synthesis of functional inorganic materials for energy applications whereby biological systems are engineered to mineralize inorganic materials and control their structure over multiple length scales under mild reaction conditions. Herein we demonstrate a single-enzyme-mediated biomineralization route to synthesize crystalline, catalytically active, quantum-confined ceria (CeO2-x) and ceria-zirconia (Ce1-yZryO2-x) nanocrystals for application as environmental catalysts. In contrast to typical anthropogenic synthesis routes, the crystalline oxide nanoparticles are formed at room temperature from an otherwise inert aqueous solution without the addition of a precipitant or additional reactant. An engineered form of silicatein, rCeSi, as a single enzyme not only catalyzes the direct biomineralization of the nanocrystalline oxides but also serves as a templating agent to control their morphological structure. The biomineralized nanocrystals of less than 3 nm in diameter are catalytically active toward carbon monoxide oxidation following an oxidative annealing step to remove carbonaceous residue. The introduction of zirconia into the nanocrystals leads to an increase in Ce(III) concentration, associated catalytic activity, and the thermal stability of the nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | | | - Christopher J Kiely
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University , 5 East Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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41
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Tanaka M, Hikiba S, Yamashita K, Muto M, Okochi M. Array-based functional peptide screening and characterization of gold nanoparticle synthesis. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:495-506. [PMID: 27865964 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Based on inorganic material production through biomineralization in organisms, the use of biological molecules in nanomaterial production has received increasing attention as a vehicle to synthesize inorganic materials with selected properties in ambient conditions. Among various biological molecules that interact with metallic surfaces, short peptides are putative ligand molecules as they exhibit potential to control the synthesis of nanoscale materials with tailored functions. Herein, using a spot synthesis-based peptide array, the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) binding activities of approximately 1800 peptides were evaluated and revealed various activities ranging from positive (high-affinity binding peptides) to negative (weak- or null-affinity binding peptides). Among 50 peptides showing the highest AuNP binding activity, 46 sequences showed the presence of tryptophan-based motifs including W[Xn]W, H[Xn]W, and W[Xn]H (W: tryptophan, X: any amino acid, n: 1-8 amino acid residues), whereas none of these motifs was found in the WORST50 peptides. Notably, three peptides showing the highest binding affinities possessed bi-functionality in AuNP binding and Au(III) reduction in solution and on solid surfaces. In addition, the characterization of truncated peptide derivatives revealed unique peptide motifs for their function expressions that also supported the importance of tryptophan-based motifs for peptide-AuNP binding. These findings open the door for peptide-mediated precise regulation of AuNP synthesis in ambient condition and for site dependent controlled AuNP integration onto nanotechnological devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The development of a technique for functionally regulated nanosized material production in ambient condition is broadly required according to the expansion of nanomaterial based applications. Short peptides, which bind to metallic surfaces, have great potential for the technique development, but the realization remains a difficult challenge due to the lack of metal binding peptide varieties. Herein, approximately 1800 peptides with the gold nanoparticle (AuNP) binding activity are reported and characterized. Furthermore, by three highest binding peptides, the expression of bi-functionality in AuNP binding and Au(III) reduction was serendipitously discovered in solution and on solid surfaces. These findings will be attributed to new technique development of functional nanoparticle synthesis in mild condition, and for site-dependent AuNP integration in various nanotechnological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; JST ImPACT, Japan
| | - Shun Hikiba
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Masaki Muto
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; JST ImPACT, Japan
| | - Mina Okochi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan; JST ImPACT, Japan.
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42
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Alotaibi KM, Shiels L, Lacaze L, Peshkur TA, Anderson P, Machala L, Critchley K, Patwardhan SV, Gibson LT. Iron supported on bioinspired green silica for water remediation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:567-576. [PMID: 28451203 PMCID: PMC5351802 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron has been used previously in water decontamination, either unsupported or supported on clays, polymers, carbons or ceramics such as silica. However, the reported synthesis procedures are tedious, lengthy (involving various steps), and either utilise or produce toxic chemicals. Herein, the use of a simple, rapid, bio-inspired green synthesis method is reported to prepare, for the first time, a family of iron supported on green nanosilica materials (Fe@GN) to create new technological solutions for water remediation. In particular, Fe@GN were employed for the removal of arsenate ions as a model for potentially toxic elements in aqueous solution. Several characterization techniques were used to study the physical, structural and chemical properties of the new Fe@GN. When evaluated as an adsorption platform for the removal of arsenate ions, Fe@GN exhibited high adsorption capacity (69 mg of As per g of Fe@GN) with superior kinetics (reaching ∼35 mg As per g sorbent per hr) - threefold higher than the highest removal rates reported to date. Moreover, a method was developed to regenerate the Fe@GN allowing for a full recovery and reuse of the adsorbent in subsequent extractions; strongly highlighting the potential technological benefits of these new green materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid M Alotaibi
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)141 548 2224
| | - Lewis Shiels
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 75 Montrose Street , Glasgow , G1 1XJ , UK
| | - Laure Lacaze
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 75 Montrose Street , Glasgow , G1 1XJ , UK
| | - Tanya A Peshkur
- Scottish Environmental Technology Network (SETN) , Faculty of Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 204 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1XW , UK
| | - Peter Anderson
- Scottish Environmental Technology Network (SETN) , Faculty of Engineering , University of Strathclyde , 204 George Street , Glasgow , G1 1XW , UK
| | - Libor Machala
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials , Palacký University , Šlechtitelů 27 , 78371 Olomouc , Czech Republic
| | - Kevin Critchley
- Molecular & Nanoscale Physics Group , School of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - Siddharth V Patwardhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , University of Sheffield , Sheffield S1 3JD , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)114 222 7593
| | - Lorraine T Gibson
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry , WestCHEM , University of Strathclyde , 295 Cathedral Street , Glasgow , G1 1XL , UK . ; Tel: +44 (0)141 548 2224
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43
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Monolithic biocatalytic systems with enhanced stabilities constructed through biomimetic silicification-induced enzyme immobilization on rGO/FeOOH hydrogel. Biochem Eng J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Yang SH. Hierarchically Branched Nanostructures in Biomimetic Silica Films, Controlled by Counteranion-Exchange. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY-DAEHAN HWAHAK HOE JEE 2016. [DOI: 10.5012/jkcs.2016.60.6.399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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45
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Marisa ME, Zhou S, Melot BC, Peaslee GF, Neilson JR. Paracrystalline Disorder from Phosphate Ion Orientation and Substitution in Synthetic Bone Mineral. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12290-12298. [PMID: 27934442 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary E. Marisa
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Shiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0105, United States
| | - Brent C. Melot
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0105, United States
| | - Graham F. Peaslee
- Department
of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, Michigan 49423-3605, United States
| | - James R. Neilson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort
Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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46
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Ping H, Xie H, Xiang M, Su BL, Wang Y, Zhang J, Zhang F, Fu Z. Confined-space synthesis of nanostructured anatase, directed by genetically engineered living organisms for lithium-ion batteries. Chem Sci 2016; 7:6330-6336. [PMID: 28567245 PMCID: PMC5450446 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomineral formation processes in nature are temporally and spatially regulated under the functions of biomolecules in a confined space. It is potentially very productive to rationally design a mineralized system by taking into account confined space as well as biomolecules. The laboratory technique of "bacterial cell surface display" is an ideal platform to host catalytically active proteins in a three-dimensionally confined space. In the present study, aiming to regulate the synthesis of nanostructured TiO2 anatase, repeating segments of silaffin were displayed on Escherichia coli surfaces through genetic manipulation. The displayed protein electrostatically interacted with a titanium source and catalyzed the hydrolysis of titanium dioxide precursors through hydrogen bonding interactions on the cell surface. In the subsequent calcination process, the genetically modified cells not only served as a framework for producing rod-shaped TiO2 assembled by nanoparticles, but also provided a carbon source in situ. The size of nanoparticles was controlled by changing the number of tandem repeats of the protein segment. The as prepared TiO2 anatase exhibited unique characteristics including nanosized anatase crystals, mesoporous structure and carbon coating. When tested as the anode electrode of a lithium-ion battery, it showed excellent lithium storage performance. The carbon coated anatase anode shows a higher specific capacity of 207 mA h g-1 after 200 cycles at a current rate of 1C and an ultra-long cycling lifetime of 5000 cycles with an outstanding retention capacity of 149 mA h g-1 at a higher rate of 10C. This bioprocess-inspired approach may help broaden the scope and impact of nanosized biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry , Chemical Engineering, and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Mingyu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry , University of Namur , Namur , B-5000 , Belgium
| | - Yucheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Jinyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan , 430070 , China .
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Latex-templated biomineralization of silica nanoparticles with porous shell and their application for drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Schröder HC, Grebenjuk VA, Wang X, Müller WEG. Hierarchical architecture of sponge spicules: biocatalytic and structure-directing activity of silicatein proteins as model for bioinspired applications. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2016; 11:041002. [PMID: 27452043 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/11/4/041002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the first description of the silicateins, a group of enzymes that mediate the formation of the amorphous, hydrated biosilica of the skeleton of the siliceous sponges, much progress has been achieved in the understanding of this biomineralization process. These discoveries include, beside the proof of the enzymatic nature of the sponge biosilica formation, the dual property of the enzyme, to act both as a structure-forming and structure-guiding protein, and the demonstration that the initial product of silicatein is a soft, gel-like material that has to undergo a maturation process during which it achieves its favorable physical-chemical properties allowing the development of various technological or medical applications. This process comprises the hardening of the material by the removal of water and ions, its cast-molding to specific morphologies, as well as the fusion of the biosilica nanoparticles through a biosintering mechanism. The discovery that the enzymatically formed biosilica is morphogenetically active and printable also opens new applications in rapid prototyping and three-dimensional bioprinting of customized scaffolds/implants for biomedical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Lenders JJM, Mirabello G, Sommerdijk NAJM. Bioinspired magnetite synthesis via solid precursor phases. Chem Sci 2016; 7:5624-5634. [PMID: 30034699 PMCID: PMC6021960 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00523c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms often exploit solid but poorly ordered mineral phases as precursors in the biomineralization of their inorganic body parts.
Living organisms often exploit solid but poorly ordered mineral phases as precursors in the biomineralization of their inorganic body parts. Generally speaking, such precursor-based approaches allow the organisms – without the need of high supersaturation levels – to accumulate significant quantities of mineral material at the desired place and time, where they can be molded and crystallized into the right morphology and structure. This strategy is also of interest in the field of bioinspired materials science, as it potentially enables the bottom-up creation of novel materials with equal or improved functionality as compared to Nature, in water and at ambient temperatures. Also for the biomineralization of magnetite (Fe3O4) such a strategy has been reported: ferrihydrite, a poorly crystalline iron oxide, has been identified as a precursor for the final magnetite phase in the magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria as well as in the outer layers of chiton teeth. In this perspective, we discuss the efforts of us and others to understand and tune the nucleation and growth of magnetite crystals to date, in aqueous, room-temperature syntheses and employing different solid precursor phases. The various examples demonstrate the importance of the precursor approach in controlling the different properties of magnetite nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos J M Lenders
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry , Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , PO box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Giulia Mirabello
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry , Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , PO box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
| | - Nico A J M Sommerdijk
- Laboratory of Materials and Interface Chemistry , Centre for Multiscale Electron Microscopy , Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry , Institute for Complex Molecular Systems , Eindhoven University of Technology , PO box 513 , 5600 MB Eindhoven , The Netherlands .
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Self-assembly and photocatalytic activity of branched silicatein/silintaphin filaments decorated with silicatein-synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1477-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1619-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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