1
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Tang MP, Zhu L, Deng Y, Shi YX, Kin-Man Lai S, Mo X, Pang XY, Liu C, Jiang W, Tse ECM, Au-Yeung HY. Water and Air Stable Copper(I) Complexes of Tetracationic Catenane Ligands for Oxidative C-C Cross-Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405971. [PMID: 38661248 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Aqueous soluble and stable Cu(I) molecular catalysts featuring a catenane ligand composed of two dicationic, mutually repelling but mechanically interlocked macrocycles are reported. The ligand interlocking not only fine-tunes the coordination sphere and kinetically stabilizes the Cu(I) against air oxidation and disproportionation, but also buries the hydrophobic portions of the ligands and prevents their dissociation which are necessary for their good water solubility and a sustained activity. These catenane Cu(I) complexes can catalyze the oxidative C-C coupling of indoles and tetrahydroisoquinolines in water, using H2O2 as a green oxidant with a good substrate scope. The successful use of catenane ligands in exploiting aqueous Cu(I) catalysis thus highlights the many unexplored potential of mechanical bond as a design element for exploring transition metal catalysis under challenging conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Pang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Lihui Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Xiang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Samuel Kin-Man Lai
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Mo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Edmund Chun Ming Tse
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Ho Yu Au-Yeung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
- CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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2
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Bao SJ, Zou Y, Zhang HN, Jin GX. The codriven assembly of molecular metalla-links ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and metalla-knots ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) via coordination and noncovalent interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2407570121. [PMID: 38941275 PMCID: PMC11228484 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2407570121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) display unique properties and functions associated with their intricate connectivity, limited assembly strategies are available for their synthesis. Herein, we presented a synergistic assembly strategy based on coordination and noncovalent interactions (π-π stacking and CH⋯π interactions) to selectively synthesize molecular closed three-link chains ([Formula: see text] links), highly entangled figure-eight knots ([Formula: see text] knots), trefoil knot ([Formula: see text] knot), and Borromean ring ([Formula: see text] link). [Formula: see text] links can be created by the strategic assembly of nonlinear multicurved ligands incorporating a furan or phenyl group with the long binuclear half-sandwich organometallic Cp*RhIII (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) clip. However, utilizing much shorter binuclear Cp*RhIII units for union with the 2,6-naphthyl-containing ligand led to a [Formula: see text] knot because of the increased π-π stacking interactions between four consecutive stacked layers and CH⋯π interactions. Weakening such π-π stacking interactions resulted in a [Formula: see text] knot. The universality of this synergistic assembly strategy for building [Formula: see text] knots was verified by utilizing a 1,5-naphthyl-containing ligand. Quantitative conversion between the [Formula: see text] knot and the simple macrocycle species was accomplished by adjusting the concentrations monitored by NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Furthermore, increasing the stiff π-conjugated area of the binuclear unit afforded molecular Borromean ring, and this topology is a topological isomer of the [Formula: see text] link. These artificial metalla-links and metalla-knots were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR and ESI-MS. The results offer a potent strategy for building higher-order MIMs and emphasize the critical role that noncovalent interactions play in creating sophisticated topologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jin Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Marvaniya K, Dobariya P, Maurya A, Patel K, Kushwaha S. Epitaxially Grown Mechanically Robust 2D Thin Film of Secondary Interactions Led Molecularly Woven Material. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310797. [PMID: 38368253 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly woven materials with striking mechanical resilience, and 2D controlled topologies like textiles, fishing nets, and baskets are highly anticipated. Molecular weaving exclusively apprehended by the secondary interactions expanding to laterally grown 2D self-assemblies with retained crystalline arrangement is stimulating. The interlacing entails planar molecules screwed together to form 2D woven thin films. Here, secondary interactions led 2D interlaced molecularly woven material (2°MW) built by 1D helical threads of organic chromophores twisted together via end-to-end CH···O connections, held strongly at inter-crossing by multiple OH···N interactions to prevent slippage is presented. Whereas, 1D helical threads with face-to-face O-H···O connections sans interlacing led the non-woven material (2°NW). The polarity-driven directionality in 2°MW led the water-actuated epitaxial growth of 2D-sheets to lateral thin films restricted to nano-scale thickness. The molecularly woven thin film is self-healing, flexible, and mechanically resilient in nature, while maintaining the crystalline regularity is attributed to the supple secondary interactions (2°).
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Marvaniya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Dobariya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ashish Maurya
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ketan Patel
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shilpi Kushwaha
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, 364002, India
- CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), (CSIR-HRDC) Campus, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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4
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Jiang C, Wang JX, Liu D, Wu E, Gu XW, Zhang X, Li B, Chen B, Qian G. Supramolecular Entanglement in a Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework Enables Flexible-Robust Porosity for Highly Efficient Purification of Natural Gas. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404734. [PMID: 38635373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
The development of porous materials with flexible-robust characteristics shows some unique advantages to target high performance for gas separation, but remains a daunting challenge to achieve so far. Herein, we report a carboxyl-based hydrogen-bonded organic framework (ZJU-HOF-8a) with flexible-robust porosity for efficient purification of natural gas. ZJU-HOF-8a features a four-fold interpenetrated structure with dia topology, wherein abundant supramolecular entanglements are formed between the adjacent subnetworks through weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds. This structural configuration could not only stabilize the whole framework to establish the permanent porosity, but also enable the framework to show some flexibility due to its weak intermolecular interactions (so-called flexible-robust framework). The flexible-robust porosity of ZJU-HOF-8a was exclusively confirmed by gas sorption isotherms and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, showing that the flexible pore pockets can be opened by C3H8 and n-C4H10 molecules rather by C2H6 and CH4. This leads to notably higher C3H8 and n-C4H10 uptakes with enhanced selectivities than C2H6 over CH4 under ambient conditions, affording one of the highest n-C4H10/CH4 selectivities. The gas-loaded single-crystal structures coupled with theoretical simulations reveal that the loading of n-C4H10 can induce an obvious framework expansion along with pore pocket opening to improve n-C4H10 uptake and selectivity, while not for C2H6 adsorption. This work suggests an effective strategy of designing flexible-robust HOFs for improving gas separation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Enyu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiao-Wen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Environmental Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huaian, 223300, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Guodong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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5
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Ji W, Xiong X, Cao M, Zhu Y, Li L, Wang F, Fan C, Pei H. Encoding signal propagation on topology-programmed DNA origami. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01565-2. [PMID: 38886615 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Biological systems often rely on topological transformation to reconfigure connectivity between nodes to guide the flux of molecular information. Here we develop a topology-programmed DNA origami system that encodes signal propagation at the nanoscale, analogous to topologically efficient information processing in cellular systems. We present a systematic molecular implementation of topological operations involving 'glue-cut' processes that can prompt global conformational change of DNA origami structures, with demonstrated major topological properties including genus, number of boundary components and orientability. By spatially arranging reactive DNA hairpins, we demonstrate signal propagation across transmission paths of varying lengths and orientations, and curvatures on the curved surfaces of three-dimensional origamis. These DNA origamis can also form dynamic scaffolds for regulating the spatial and temporal signal propagations whereby topological transformations spontaneously alter the location of nodes and boundary of signal propagation network. We anticipate that our strategy for topological operations will provide a general route to manufacture dynamic DNA origami nanostructures capable of performing global structural transformations under programmable control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiewei Xiong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced Study and National Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acids Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Pei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes; Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices; Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses; School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Chen ZY, Xie KP, Cheng Y, Deng YF, Zhang YZ. Hierarchically Assembled Gigantic Fe/Co Cyanometallate Clusters Exhibiting Electron Transfer Behavior Above Room Temperature. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402884. [PMID: 38874086 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
The construction of large and complex supramolecular architectures through self-assembly is at the forefront of contemporary coordination chemistry. Notwithstanding great success in various systems using anionic bridges (e.g., O2- or S2-) or organic ligands (e.g., pyridine or carboxylate ligands), the assembly of large cyanide-bridged clusters with increasing nuclearity remains a formidable synthetic challenge. In this study, it is achieved in preparing two heterometallic cyanometallate clusters with unprecedented complexity, [Fe20Co20] (1) and [Fe12Co15] (2), by creating the "flexibility" through a versatile ligand of bis((1H-imidazol-4-yl)methylene)hydrazine (H2L) and low-coordinate cobalt. Complex 1 features a super-square array of four cyanide-bridged [Fe4Co4] cube subunits as the corners that are interconnected by four additional [FeCo] units, resulting in a torus-shaped architecture. Complex 2 contains a lantern-like core-shell cluster with a triple-helix kernel of [Co3L3] enveloped by a [Fe12Co12] shell. The combined structure analysis and mass spectrometry study reveal a hierarchical assembly mechanism, which sheds new light on constructing cyanometallate nanoclusters with atomic precision. Moreover, complex 1 undergoes a thermally induced electron-transfer-coupled spin transition (ETCST) between the diamagnetic {FeII LS(µ-CN)CoIII LS} and paramagnetic {FeIII LS(µ-CN)CoII HS} configurations (LS = low spin, HS = high spin) above room temperature, representing the largest molecule displaying electron transfer and spin transition characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kai-Ping Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Huizhou University, Huizhou, 516007, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yi-Fei Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Tang H, Zhang HN, Gao X, Zou Y, Jin GX. The Topological Transformation of Trefoil Knots to Solomon Links via Diels-Alder Click Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16020-16027. [PMID: 38815259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The quest for more efficient, user-friendly, and less wasteful topological transformations remains a significant challenge in the realm of postassembly modifications. In this article, high yields of two molecular trefoil knots (Rh-1, Ir-1) were obtained using ligand 3,6-bis(3-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (L1) with reactive tetrazine units and binuclear half-sandwich organometallic units [Cp*2M2(μ-TPPHZ)(OTf)2](OTf)2 (Rh-B, M = RhIII; Ir-B, M = IrIII). 2,5-Norbornadiene was used as an inducer of the Diels-Alder click reaction to modulate rapidly and efficiently the transformation of Trefoil knots to Solomon links. However, the key to achieving this topological structural change is the subtle increase in site steric of the pyridazine fragments (L2), which allows the molecular structures to spread and bend in three-dimensional space, as confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, ESI-TOF/MS, elementary analysis and detailed solution-state NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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8
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Queffélec C, Pati PB, Pellegrin Y. Fifty Shades of Phenanthroline: Synthesis Strategies to Functionalize 1,10-Phenanthroline in All Positions. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6700-6902. [PMID: 38747613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
1,10-Phenanthroline (phen) is one of the most popular ligands ever used in coordination chemistry due to its strong affinity for a wide range of metals with various oxidation states. Its polyaromatic structure provides robustness and rigidity, leading to intriguing features in numerous fields (luminescent coordination scaffolds, catalysis, supramolecular chemistry, sensors, theranostics, etc.). Importantly, phen offers eight distinct positions for functional groups to be attached, showcasing remarkable versatility for such a simple ligand. As a result, phen has become a landmark molecule for coordination chemists, serving as a must-use ligand and a versatile platform for designing polyfunctional arrays. The extensive use of substituted phenanthroline ligands with different metal ions has resulted in a diverse array of complexes tailored for numerous applications. For instance, these complexes have been utilized as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells, as luminescent probes modified with antibodies for biomaterials, and in the creation of elegant supramolecular architectures like rotaxanes and catenanes, exemplified by Sauvage's Nobel Prize-winning work in 2016. In summary, phen has found applications in almost every facet of chemistry. An intriguing aspect of phen is the specific reactivity of each pair of carbon atoms ([2,9], [3,8], [4,7], and [5,6]), enabling the functionalization of each pair with different groups and leading to polyfunctional arrays. Furthermore, it is possible to differentiate each position in these pairs, resulting in non-symmetrical systems with tremendous versatility. In this Review, the authors aim to compile and categorize existing synthetic strategies for the stepwise polyfunctionalization of phen in various positions. This comprehensive toolbox will aid coordination chemists in designing virtually any polyfunctional ligand. The survey will encompass seminal work from the 1950s to the present day. The scope of the Review will be limited to 1,10-phenanthroline, excluding ligands with more intracyclic heteroatoms or fused aromatic cycles. Overall, the primary goal of this Review is to highlight both old and recent synthetic strategies that find applicability in the mentioned applications. By doing so, the authors hope to establish a first reference for phenanthroline synthesis, covering all possible positions on the backbone, and hope to inspire all concerned chemists to devise new strategies that have not yet been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yann Pellegrin
- Nantes Université, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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9
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Dang LL, Zheng J, Zhang JZ, Chen T, Chai YH, Fu HR, Aznarez F, Liu SR, Li DS, Ma LF. Triply Interlocked [2]catenanes: Rational Synthesis, Reversible Conversion Studies and Unprecedented Application in Photothermal Responsive Elastomer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202406552. [PMID: 38766881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Triply interlocked [2]catenane complexes featuring two identical, mechanically interlocked units are extraordinarily rare chemical compounds, whose properties and applications remain open to detailed studies. Herein, we introduce the rational design of a new ligand precursor, L1, suitable for the synthesis of six triply interlocked [2]catenanes by coordination-driven self-assembly. The interlocked compounds can be reversibly converted into the corresponding simple triangular prism metallacage by addition of H2O or DMF solvents to their CH3OH solutions, thereby demonstrating the importance of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions in the formation of triply interlocked [2]catenanes. Moreover, extensive studies have been conducted to assess the remarkable photothermal conversion performance. Complex 6 a, exhibiting outstanding photothermal conversion performance (conversion efficiency in solution : 31.82 %), is used to prepare novel photoresponsive elastomer in combination with thermally activated liquid crystal elastomer. The resultant material displays robust response to near-infrared (NIR) laser and the capability of completely reforming the shape and reversible actuation, paving the way for the application of half-sandwich organometallic units in photo-responsive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
- College of materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
| | - Ju-Zhong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Hang Chai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Ru Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
| | - Francisco Aznarez
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - Shui-Ren Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Sheng Li
- College of materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Henan Province Function-Oriented Porous Materials Key Laboratory, Luoyang, 471934, P. R. China
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10
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Xu WT, Peng Z, Wu P, Jiang Y, Li WJ, Wang XQ, Chen J, Yang HB, Wang W. Tuning vibration-induced emission through macrocyclization and catenation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7178-7186. [PMID: 38756822 PMCID: PMC11095381 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the effect of macrocyclization and catenation on the regulation of vibration-induced emission (VIE), the typical VIE luminogen 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) was introduced into the skeleton of a macrocycle and corresponding [2]catenane to evaluate their dynamic relaxation processes. As investigated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra, the resultant VIE systems revealed precisely tunable emissions upon changing the solvent viscosity, highlighting the key effect of the formation of [2]catenane. Notably, the introduction of an additional pillar[5]arene macrocycle featuring unique planar chirality endows the resultant chiral VIE-active [2]catenane with attractive circularly polarized luminescence in different states. This work not only develops a new strategy for the design of new luminescent systems with tunable vibration induced emission, but also provides a promising platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Peicong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Yefei Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Dongchuan Road 500 Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 N. Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China
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11
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Shan WL, Hou HH, Si N, Wang CX, Yuan G, Gao X, Jin GX. Selective Construction and Structural Transformation of Homogeneous Linear Metalla[4]catenane and Metalla[2]catenane Assemblies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402198. [PMID: 38319045 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Although the synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecules has been extensively researched, selectively constructing homogeneous linear [4]catenanes remains a formidable challenge. Here, we selectively constructed a homogeneous linear metalla[4]catenane in a one-step process through the coordination-driven self-assembly of a bidentate benzothiadiazole derivative ligand and a binuclear half-sandwich rhodium precursor. The formation of metalla[4]catenanes was facilitated by cooperative interactions between strong sandwich-type π-π stacking and non-classical hydrogen bonds between the components. Moreover, by modulating the aromatic substituents on the binuclear precursor, two homogeneous metalla[2]catenanes were obtained. The molecular structures of these metallacatenanes were unambiguously characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, reversible structural transformation between metal-catenanes and the corresponding metallarectangles could be achieved by altering their concentration, as confirmed by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Long Shan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huan-Huan Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Nian Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Cai-Xia Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Guozan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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12
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Del Giudice N, Voegeli G, Strub JM, Heinrich B, Douce L. Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on Loop-Shaped Copper(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6103-6110. [PMID: 38497643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of liquid crystals based on loop-shaped cationic copper(I) complexes of a multidentate ligand. Their synthesis involves the one-pot reaction of an alkyloxy-decorated pyridine-aldehyde unit with a diamine (2,2'-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine)) spacer to form in situ a pyridine-imine quadridentate-N4-donor ligand, L, which is able to chelate a copper(I) center associated with various noncoordinating anions. All of these compounds were characterized by NMR, IR, and electronic absorption spectroscopy, and more particularly by X-ray diffraction and mass spectroscopy, enabling unambiguous assignment of the [ML]+ mononuclear nature of the cationic components. The presence of six flexible alkyloxy chains at each end of the ligand associated with the rigidity of the core complex causes induction of a liquid crystal state with a columnar self-organized architecture, where the columns are packed in a hexagonal two-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Del Giudice
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Voegeli
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- LSMBO, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Benoît Heinrich
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Douce
- Département des Matériaux Organiques, Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (UMR 7504), Université de Strasbourg/CNRS, 23 Rue du Loess, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
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13
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Zhang Z, Zhao J, Yan X. Mechanically Interlocked Polymers with Dense Mechanical Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:992-1006. [PMID: 38417011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusMechanically interlocked polymers (MIPs) such as polyrotaxanes and polycatenanes are polymer architectures that incorporate mechanical bonds, which represent a compelling frontier in polymer science. MIPs with cross-linked structures are known as mechanically interlocked networks (MINs) and are widely utilized in materials science. Leveraging the motion of mechanical bonds, MINs hold the potential for achieving a combination of robustness and dynamicity. Currently, the reported MINs predominantly consist of networks with discrete mechanical bonds as cross-linking points, exemplified by well-known slide-ring materials and rotaxane/catenane cross-linked polymers. The motion of these mechanically interlocked cross-linking points facilitates the redistribution of tension throughout the network, effectively preventing stress concentration and thereby enhancing material toughness. In these instances, the impact of mechanical bonds can be likened to the adage "small things can make a big difference", whereby a limited number of mechanical bonds substantially elevate the mechanical performance of conventional polymers. In addition to MINs cross-linked by mechanical bonds, there is another type of MIN in which their principal parts are polymer chains composed of dense mechanical bonds. Within these MINs, mechanical bonds generally serve as repeating units, and their unique properties stem from integrating and amplifying the function of a large amount of mechanical bonds. Consequently, MINs with dense mechanical bonds tend to reflect the intrinsic properties of mechanical interlocked polymers, making their exploration critical for a comprehensive understanding of MIPs. Nevertheless, investigations into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds remain relatively scarce.This Account presents a comprehensive overview of our investigation and insights into MINs featuring dense mechanical bonds. First, we delve into the synthetic strategies employed to effectively prepare MINs with dense mechanical bonds, while critically evaluating their advantages and limitations. Through meticulous control of the core interlocking step, three distinct strategies have emerged: mechanical interlocking followed by polymerization, supramolecular polymerization followed by mechanical interlocking, and dynamic interlocking. Furthermore, we underscore the structure-property relationships of MINs with dense mechanical bonds. The macroscopic properties of MINs originate from integrating and amplifying countless microscopic motions of mechanical bonds, a phenomenon we define as an integration and amplification mechanism. Our investigation has revealed detailed motion characteristics of mechanical bonds in bulk mechanically interlocked materials, encompassing the quantification of motion activation energy, discrimination of varying motion distances, and elucidation of the recovery process. Additionally, we have elucidated their influence on the mechanical performance of the respective materials. Moreover, we have explored potential applications of MINs, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties and dynamicity. These applications include enhancing the toughness of conventional polymers, engineering mechanically adaptive and multifunctional aerogels, and mitigating Li protrusion as interfacial layers in lithium-ion batteries. Finally, we offer our personal perspectives on the promises, opportunities, and key challenges in the future development of MINs with dense mechanical bonds, underscoring the potential for transformative advancements in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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14
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Xu WT, Li X, Wu P, Li WJ, Wang Y, Xu XQ, Wang XQ, Chen J, Yang HB, Wang W. Dual Stimuli-Responsive [2]Rotaxanes with Tunable Vibration-Induced Emission and Switchable Circularly Polarized Luminescence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319502. [PMID: 38279667 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Aiming at the construction of novel stimuli-responsive fluorescent system with precisely tunable emissions, the typical 9,14-diphenyl-9,14-dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) luminogen with attractive vibration-induced emission (VIE) behavior has been introduced into [2]rotaxane as a stopper. Taking advantage of their unique dual stimuli-responsiveness towards solvent and anion, the resultant [2]rotaxanes reveal both tunable VIE and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Attributed to the formation of mechanical bonds, DPAC-functionalized [2]rotaxanes display interesting VIE behaviors including white-light emission upon the addition of viscous solvent, as evaluated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra. In addition, ascribed to the regulation of chirality information transmission through anion-induced motions of chiral wheel, the resolved chiral [2]rotaxanes reveal unique switchable CPL upon the addition of anion, leading to significant increase in the dissymmetry factors (glum ) values with excellent reversibility. Interestingly, upon doping the chiral [2]rotaxanes in stretchable polymer, the blend films reveal remarkable emission change from white light to light blue with significant 6.5-fold increase in glum values up to -0.035 under external tensile stresses. This work provides not only a new design strategy for developing molecular systems with fluorescent tunability but also a novel platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xue Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Peicong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular and Process Engineering (SKLPMPE), Sinopec Research Institute of Petroleum Processing Co. LTD., Beijing, 100083, China
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Center of Brain-inspired Intelligent Materials and Devices, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China
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15
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Ye W, Feng HN, Zhang ZH, Zhang L. A protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of a Star of David [2]catenane. STAR Protoc 2024; 5:102821. [PMID: 38184851 PMCID: PMC10806347 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2023.102821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Most complex prime links exhibit inherent topological chirality, yet their high stereoinduction remains a rare occurrence. Here, we present a protocol for the stereoselective synthesis of a molecular link comprising two triple entwined rings. We describe steps for constructing the precursor circular helicate, performing ring closure metathesis, and demetallation. We also outline procedures for bio-beads separation and data analysis. This protocol holds promise for applications in molecular nanotopology. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Ye
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China; School Frontiers Science Center of Molecular Intelligent Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Na Feng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China; School Frontiers Science Center of Molecular Intelligent Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China; School Frontiers Science Center of Molecular Intelligent Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China; School Frontiers Science Center of Molecular Intelligent Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P.R. China.
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16
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Becharguia N, Nierengarten I, Strub JM, Cianférani S, Rémy M, Wasielewski E, Abidi R, Nierengarten JF. Solution and Solvent-Free Stopper Exchange Reactions for the Preparation of Pillar[5]arene-containing [2] and [3]Rotaxanes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304131. [PMID: 38165139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Diamine reagents have been used to functionalize a [2]rotaxane building block bearing an activated pentafluorophenyl ester stopper. Upon a first acylation, an intermediate host-guest complex with a terminal amine function is obtained. Dissociation of the intermediate occurs in solution and acylation of the released axle generates a [2]rotaxane with an elongated axle subunit. In contrast, the corresponding [3]rotaxane can be obtained if the reaction conditions are appropriate to stabilize the inclusion complex of the mono-amine intermediate and the pillar[5]arene. This is the case when the stopper exchange is performed under mechanochemical solvent-free conditions. Alternatively, if the newly introduced terminal amide group is large enough to prevent the dissociation, the second acylation provides exclusively a [3]rotaxane. On the other hand, detailed conformational analysis has been also carried out by variable temperature NMR investigations. A complete understanding of the shuttling motions of the pillar[5]arene subunit along the axles of the rotaxanes reported therein has been achieved with the help of density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihed Becharguia
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042, LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
- Laboratoire d'Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Iwona Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042, LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7178, IPHC), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7178, IPHC), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Marine Rémy
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042, LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Emeric Wasielewski
- Plateforme RMN Cronenbourg, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042, LIMA) Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
| | - Rym Abidi
- Laboratoire d'Applications de la Chimie aux Ressources et Substances Naturelles et l'Environnement, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, 7021, Zarzouna Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Jean-François Nierengarten
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux Moléculaires, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS (UMR 7042, LIMA), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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17
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Wang Y, Liu T, Zhang YY, Li B, Tan L, Li C, Shen XC, Li J. Cross-catenation between position-isomeric metallacages. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1363. [PMID: 38355599 PMCID: PMC10866959 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of cross-catenated metallacages, which are complex self-assembly systems arising from multiple supramolecular interactions and hierarchical assembly processes, is currently lacking but could provide facile insights into achieving more precise control over low-symmetry/high-complexity hierarchical assembly systems. Here, we report a cross-catenane formed between two position-isomeric Pt(II) metallacages in the solid state. These two metallacages formed [2]catenanes in solution, whereas a 1:1 mixture selectively formed a cross-catenane in crystals. Varied temperature nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and time-of-flight mass spectra are employed to characterize the cross-catenation in solutions, and the dynamic library of [2]catenanes are shown. Additionally, we searched for the global-minimum structures of three [2]catenanes and re-optimized the low-lying structures using density functional theory calculations. Our results suggest that the binding energy of cross-catenanes is significantly larger than that of self-catenanes within the dynamic library, and the selectivity in crystallization of cross-catenanes is thermodynamic. This study presents a cross-catenated assembly from different metallacages, which may provide a facile insight for the development of low-symmetry/high-complexity self-assemble systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Taotao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China
| | - Liting Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China
| | - Chunju Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, PR China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, PR China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518005, PR China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, PR China
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18
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Li Y, Jiang H, Zhang W, Zhao X, Sun M, Cui Y, Liu Y. Hetero- and Homointerlocked Metal-Organic Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3147-3159. [PMID: 38279915 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Interlocked molecular assemblies constitute a captivating ensemble of chemical topologies, comprising two or more separate components that exhibit remarkably intricate structures. The interlocked molecular assemblies are typically identical, and heterointerlocked systems that comprise structurally distinct assemblies remain unexplored. Here, we demonstrate that metal-templated synthesis can be exploited to afford not only a homointerlocked cage but also a heterointerlocked cage. Treatment of a carboxylated 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) or Cu(I) bis-dmp linker with a Ni4-p-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene cluster affords noninterlocked octahedron and quadruply interlocked double cages consisting of two identical tetragonal pyramids, respectively. In contrast, when a mixture of dmp and Cu(I) bis-dmp linkers is used, a quadruply heterointerlocked cage is produced, consisting of a tetragonal pyramid and an octahedron. With photoredox-active [Cu(dmp)2]+ in the structures, both interlocked cages exhibit remarkable performance as photocatalysts for atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions of trifluoromethanesulfonyl chloride with alkenes or oxo-azidations of vinyl arenes. These interlocked structures serve the dual purpose of stabilizing photocatalytically active components against deactivation and encapsulating substrates within the cavity, resulting in yields comparable to or even surpassing those of their molecular counterparts. This work thus provides a new strategy that combines metal templating and nontemplating approaches to design new types of interlocked assemblies with intriguing architectures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenqiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiangxiang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Meng Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yong Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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19
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Stähler C, Reynaerts R, Rinkovec T, Verstraete L, Heideman GH, Minoia A, Harvey JN, Mali KS, De Feyter S, Feringa BL. Highly Ordered Co-Assembly of Bisurea Functionalized Molecular Switches at the Solid-Liquid Interface. Chemistry 2024:e202303994. [PMID: 38323675 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Immobilization of stimulus-responsive systems on solid surfaces is beneficial for controlled signal transmission and adaptive behavior while allowing the characterization of the functional interface with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Positioning of the stimuli-responsive units with nanometer-scale precision across the adaptive surface remains one of the bottlenecks in the extraction of cooperative function. Nanoscale organization, cooperativity, and amplification remain key challenges in bridging the molecular and the macroscopic worlds. Here we report on the design, synthesis, and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) characterization of overcrowded alkene photoswitches merged in self-assembled networks physisorbed at the solid-liquid interface. A detailed anchoring strategy that ensures appropriate orientation of the switches with respect to the solid surface through the use of bis-urea groups is presented. We implement a co-assembly strategy that enables the merging of the photoswitches within physisorbed monolayers of structurally similar 'spacer' molecules. The self-assembly of the individual components and the co-assemblies was examined in detail using (sub)molecular resolution STM which confirms the robust immobilization and controlled orientation of the photoswitches within the spacer monolayers. The experimental STM data is supported by detailed molecular mechanics (MM) simulations. Different designs of the switches and the spacers were investigated which allowed us to formulate guidelines that enable the precise organization of the photoswitches in crystalline physisorbed self-assembled molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima Stähler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robby Reynaerts
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tamara Rinkovec
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lander Verstraete
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Henrieke Heideman
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Minoia
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Materials Research Institute, University of Mons, Place du Parc 20, 7000, Mons, Belgium
| | - Jeremy N Harvey
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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20
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Takashima R, Aoki D, Takahashi A, Otsuka H. A thermally driven rotaxane-catenane interconversion with a dynamic bis(hindered amino) disulfide. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:927-931. [PMID: 37955576 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a versatile and simple synthetic method to produce a [3]catenane. Heating a rotaxane with bis(hindered amino) disulfide groups at both ends spontaneously and selectively produces the [3]catenane. The successful polymerization of the obtained [3]catenane provides a platform for the synthesis of various interlocking polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikito Takashima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Aoki
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba university, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Akira Takahashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Otsuka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan.
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21
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Bąk KM, Trzaskowski B, Chmielewski MJ. Anion-templated synthesis of a switchable fluorescent [2]catenane with sulfate sensing capability. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1796-1809. [PMID: 38303949 PMCID: PMC10829038 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Anion templation strategies have facilitated the synthesis of various catenane and rotaxane hosts capable of strong and selective binding of anions in competitive solvents. However, this approach has primarily relied on positively charged precursors, limiting the structural diversity and the range of potential applications of the anion-templated mechanically interlocked molecules. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of a rare electroneutral [2]catenane using a powerful, doubly charged sulfate template and a complementary diamidocarbazole-based hydrogen bonding precursor. Owing to the unique three-dimensional hydrogen bonding cavity and the embedded carbazole fluorophores, the resulting catenane receptor functions as a sensitive fluorescent turn-ON sensor for the highly hydrophilic sulfate, even in the presence of a large excess of water. Importantly, the [2]catenane exhibits enhanced binding affinity and selectivity for sulfate over its parent macrocycle and other acyclic diamidocarbazole-based receptors. We demonstrate also, for the first time, that the co-conformation of the catenane may be controlled by reversible acid/base induced protonation and deprotonation of the anionic template, SO42-. This approach pioneers a new strategy to induce molecular motion of interlocked components using switchable anionic templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof M Bąk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
| | - Bartosz Trzaskowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Michał J Chmielewski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw Żwirki i Wigury 101 02-089 Warsaw Poland
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22
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Yan LL, Yam VWW. Evolution of Polynuclear Gold(I) Sulfido Complexes from Clusters and Cages to Macrocycles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:609-616. [PMID: 38153960 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Two unprecedented tetratriacontanuclear and tetraicosanuclear gold(I) sulfido clusters (denoted as Au34-LMe and Au24-LCbz) with different temperature-induced stimulus-responsive behavior and emission property have been constructed by taking advantage of the judiciously designed bidentate phosphine ligand. Au34-LMe represents the highest nuclearity of the gold(I) sulfido cluster with more than a thousand atoms in the molecule. Octagonal macrocycles based on metal-cluster nodes have been assembled for the first time. The self-assembly and temperature-induced stimulus-responsive processes were monitored by 1H and 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, and the identities of the discrete gold(I) complexes were established by single-crystal structural analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data. The steric effects exerted by the substituents on the V-shaped 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene ligand have been shown to govern the self-assembly from the 1D cluster and 3D cage to 2D macrocycles. This work not only offers a new strategy to construct and regulate the structure of 2D macrocyclic gold(I) sulfido complexes but also lays the foundation for the future precise design and controlled construction of higher polygonal and cluster-node macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Liang Yan
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, P. R. China
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23
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Zhu QL, Liu W, Khoruzhenko O, Breu J, Hong W, Zheng Q, Wu ZL. Animating hydrogel knotbots with topology-invoked self-regulation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:300. [PMID: 38182606 PMCID: PMC10770334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Steering soft robots in a self-regulated manner remains a grand challenge, which often requires continuous symmetry breaking and recovery steps for persistent motion. Although structural morphology is found significant for robotic functions, geometric topology has rarely been considered and appreciated. Here we demonstrate a series of knotbots, namely hydrogel-based robots with knotted structures, capable of autonomous rolling and spinning/rotating motions. With symmetry broken by external stimuli and restored by self-regulation, the coupling between self-constraint-induced prestress and photothermal strain animates the knotbots continuously. Experiments and simulations reveal that nonequilibrium processes are regulated dynamically and cooperatively by self-constraints, active deformations, and self-shadowing effect of the photo-responsive gel. The active motions enable the knotbots to execute tasks including gear rotation and rod climbing. This work paves the way to devise advanced soft robots with self-regulated sustainable motions by harnessing the topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixuan Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Olena Khoruzhenko
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Josef Breu
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Wei Hong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Soft Mechanics & Smart Manufacturing, Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zi Liang Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China.
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24
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Li Z, Zhang J, Li G, Puddephatt RJ. Self-assembly of the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot. Nat Commun 2024; 15:154. [PMID: 38168068 PMCID: PMC10762025 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular knots, whose synthesis presents many challenges, can play important roles in protein structure and function as well as in useful molecular materials, whose properties depend on the size of the knotted structure. Here we report the synthesis by self-assembly of molecular trefoil metallaknot with formula [Au6{1,2-C6H4(OCH2CC)2}3{Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}3], Au6, from three units of each of the components 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CCAu)2 and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction revealed that the chiral trefoil knot contains only 54 atoms in the backbone, so that Au6 is the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Richard J Puddephatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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25
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Baby Sainaba A, Venkateswarulu M, Bhandari P, Clegg JK, Sarathi Mukherjee P. Self-Assembly of an [M 8 L2 4 ] 16+ Intertwined Cube and a Giant [M 12 L1 6 ] 24+ Orthobicupola. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315572. [PMID: 37985377 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Through coordination-driven self-assembly, aesthetically captivating structures can be formed by tuning the length or flexibility of various components. The self-assembly of an elongated rigid terphenyl-based tetra-pyridyl ligand (L1) with a cis-Pd(II) acceptor produces an [M12 L16 ]24+ triangular orthobicupola structure (1). When flexibility is introduced into the ligand by the incorporation of a -CH2 - group between the dipyridylamine and terphenyl rings in the ligand (L2), anunique [M8 L24 ]16+ water-soluble 'intertwined cubic structure' (2) results. The inherent flexibility of ligand L2 might be the key factor behind the formation of the thermodynamically stable and 'intertwined cubic structure' in this scenario. This research showcases the ability to design and fabricate novel, topologically distinctive molecular structures by a straightforward and efficient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arppitha Baby Sainaba
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Mangili Venkateswarulu
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Pallab Bhandari
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland-St. Lucia, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
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26
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Fujihara H, Naito M, Yashima T, Okada Y, Kobayashi N, Miyagawa S, Takaya H, Tokunaga Y. Synthesis of Cross-Chain Bridging Cryptands and Induction of Molecular Chirality. Org Lett 2023; 25:8959-8964. [PMID: 37871274 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized two cryptands featuring entangled tri- and tetra(ethylene glycol) linkers. The cryptand bearing short linkers was chiral without any asymmetric carbon atoms. After chiral high-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate the enantiomers, the absolute configuration of each cryptand was determined through single-crystal X-ray and circular dichroism analyses. The racemization of the cryptand possessing long linkers proceeded at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Fujihara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Masaya Naito
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yashima
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okada
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Nagao Kobayashi
- Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Shinobu Miyagawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
| | - Hikaru Takaya
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life & Environmental Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Main Buld #15-05, 2-2-1 Senjyusakuragi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo 120-0045, Japan
- Division of Photo-Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Tokunaga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Fukui, Bunkyo, Fukui 910-8507, Japan
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27
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Zhang YW, Lu Y, Sun LY, Dutschke PD, Gan MM, Zhang L, Hepp A, Han YF, Hahn FE. Unravelling the Roles of Solvophobic Effects and π⋅⋅⋅π Stacking Interactions in the Formation of [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Building Blocks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312323. [PMID: 37819869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
A series of [2]catenanes has been prepared from di-NHC building blocks by utilizing solvophobic effects and/or π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The dinickel naphthobiscarbene complex syn-[1] and the kinked biphenyl-bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 yield the [2]catenane [2-IL](OTf)4 by self-assembly. Solvophobic effects are pivotal for the formation of the interlocked species. Substitution of the biphenyl-linker in L2 for a pyromellitic diimide group gave ligand L3 , which yielded in combination with syn-[1] the [2]catenane [3-IL](OTf)4 . This assembly exhibits enhanced stability in diluted solution, aided by additional π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The π⋅⋅⋅π stacking was augmented by the introduction of a pyrene bridge between two NHC donors in ligand L4 . Di-NHC precursor H2 -L4 (PF6 )2 reacts with Ag2 O to give the [Ag2 L4 2 ]2 [2]catenane [4-IL](PF6 )4 , which shows strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions between the pyrene groups. This assembly was readily converted into the [Au2 L4 2 ]2 gold species [5-IL](PF6 )4 , which exhibits exceptional stability based on the strong π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions and the enhanced stability of the Au-CNHC bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Road, Shanghai, China, 200234
| | - Li-Ying Sun
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ming-Ming Gan
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Functional Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry and Material Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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28
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Singh H, Khatoon N, Bhardwaj SK, Kampani P, Nayak TK, Haridas V. Bispidine as a Versatile Scaffold: From Topological Hosts to Transmembrane Transporters. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300502. [PMID: 37708237 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of designer topological structures is a synthetically challenging endeavor. We present herein bispidine as a platform for the design of molecules with various topologies and functions. The bispidine-based acyclic molecule, which shows intriguing S-shape topology, is discussed. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies revealed that this molecule exists in the solid state as two conformational enantiomers. In addition, bispidine-based designer macrocycles were synthesized and investigated for ionophoric properties. Patch clamp experiments revealed that these macrocycles transport both anions and cations non-specifically with at least tenfold higher chloride conductance over the cations under the given experimental conditions. Ultramicroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallographic studies indicated that the self-assembling macrocycle forms a tubular assembly. Our design highlights the use of unconventional dihydrogen interactions in nanotube fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Nadira Khatoon
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Surya Kant Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Pradeepti Kampani
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Tapan K Nayak
- Kusuma School of Biological Science, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - V Haridas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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29
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Walther A, Regeni I, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Guest-Induced Reversible Transformation between an Azulene-Based Pd 2L 4 Lantern-Shaped Cage and a Pd 4L 8 Tetrahedron. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25365-25371. [PMID: 37960849 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Azulene, a blue structural isomer of naphthalene, is introduced as the backbone for a new family of Pd(II)-based self-assemblies. Three organic ligands, equipped with varying donor groups, produce three [Pd2L4] cages of different cavity dimensions. Unexpectedly, the addition of organic disulfonate guests to the smallest lantern-shaped cage (featuring pyridine donors) led to a rapid and quantitative transformation to a distorted-tetrahedral [Pd4L8] species. On the contrary, [Pd2L4] cages formed from ligands with isoquinoline donors either just encapsulated the guests or showed no interaction. The tetrahedral species could be fully reverted back to its original [Pd2L4] topology by capturing the guest by another, stronger binding [Pd2L'4] coordination cage, narcissistically self-sorting from the first cage. The azulenes, serving as colored hydrocarbon backbones of minimal atom count, allow one to follow cage assembly and guest-induced transformation by the naked eye. Furthermore, we propose that their peculiar electronic structure influences the system's assembly behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Walther
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Irene Regeni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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30
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Zhang HN, Jin GX. Controllable Topological Transformations of 8 18 Molecular Metalla-knots by Oxidation of Thiazole-Based Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313605. [PMID: 37783666 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
By exploiting coordination-driven self-assembly, high yields of two 818 molecular metalla-knots could be obtained using a thiazole-moiety-containing asymmetric dipyridyl ligand 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzo[d]thiazole (L1 ), as confirmed using X-ray crystallographic analysis, electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF/MS), and detailed liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. To modulate the self-assembled structures, m-chloroperbenzoic acid (m-CPBA) was utilized to oxidize thiazole-based ligand L1 to N-thiazole-oxide-based ligand 2-(pyridin-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-ylethynyl)benzo[d]thiazole 3-oxide (L2 ), which enabled the selective construction of the corresponding tetranuclear macrocycles. Notably, two molecular metalla-knots could be topologically transformed from 818 knots to simple monocycles because the L1 alkyne bond was inert toward m-CPBA, as confirmed by liquid-state NMR spectroscopy, ESI-TOF/MS, and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Rd, 200438, Shanghai, P. R. China
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31
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Phukon U, Kedia M, Shankar B, Sathiyendiran M. Rhenium-Pyrazolyl-Based Figure-Eight- and Z-Shaped Metallocycles: Self-Assembly, Solid-State Structures, Dynamic Properties in Solution, and Competitive Ligand-Induced Supramolecular Transformations into Rhenium-Pyridyl/-Benzimidazolyl/-Phosphine-Based Metallocycles/Acyclic Complexes. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:41773-41784. [PMID: 37969972 PMCID: PMC10633831 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium(I)tricarbonyl core-based heteroleptic "figure-eight"- and Z-shaped metallocycles (1a-4a) of the general formula fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}2(dppz)2] were self-assembled from Re2(CO)10, H2-L (H2-L = 5,8-dihydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone (H2-dhnq) for 1a; 1,4-dihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone (H2-dhaq) for 2a; 6,11-dihydroxy-5,12-naphthacenedione (H2-dhnd) for 3a; 2,2'-bisbenzimidazole (H2-bbim) for 4a), and bis(4-((pyrazolyl)methyl)phenylmethane) (dppz) via one-pot coordination-driven synthetic approach. The molecular structures of 1a and 4a were unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) methods. The metallocycles in the DMSO solution exist as an acyclic dinuclear-DMSO adduct of the general formula fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(DMSO)2] (1b, L = dhnq; 2b, L = dhaq; 3b, L = dhnd; 4b, L = bbim) and dppz, which are in dynamic equilibrium. The dynamic behavior of the rhenium-pyrazolyl bond in the solution state was effectively utilized to transform metallocycles 1a-4a into pyridyl/benzimidazolyl/phosphine donor-based heteroleptic metallocycles and acyclic dinuclear complexes (4-13). These include tetranuclear rectangles fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}2(4,4'-bpy)2] (4 and 11, L = dhaq for 4 and bbim for 11), dinuclear metallocycles fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(dpbim)] (5-7 and 12; L = dhnq for 5, dhaq for 6, dhnd for 7, and bbim for 12), and dinuclear acyclic complexes fac-[{(CO)3Re(μ-L)Re(CO)3}(PTA)2] (8-10 and 13; L = dhnq for 8, dhaq for 9, dhnd for 10, and bbim for 13). These transformations were achieved through component-induced supramolecular reactions while treating with competitive ligands 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy), bis(4-((1H-benzoimidazole-1-yl)methyl)phenyl)methane (dpbim), and 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). The reaction mixture in the solution was analyzed using NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. Additionally, crystal structures of 4, 6, and 13, which were obtained in the mixture of the solutions, were determined, providing unequivocal evidence for the occurrence of supramolecular transformation within the system. The results reveal that the size of the chelating ligand and the pyrazolyl donor angle of the ditopic ligand play crucial roles in determining the resulting solid-state metallacyclic architecture in these synthetic combinations. The dynamic behavior of the rhenium-pyrazolyl bond in the metallocycles can be utilized to transform into other metallocycles and acyclic complexes using suitable competing ligands via ligand-induced supramolecular transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Phukon
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Moon Kedia
- School
of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Bhaskaran Shankar
- Department
of Chemistry, Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai 625 015, India
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32
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Fang J, Li T, Lee J, Im D, Xu L, Liu Y, Seo J, Zhang WB. A single-domain protein catenane of dihydrofolate reductase. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad304. [PMID: 38188024 PMCID: PMC10769465 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A single-domain protein catenane refers to two mechanically interlocked polypeptide rings that fold synergistically into a compact and integrated structure, which is extremely rare in nature. Here, we report a single-domain protein catenane of dihydrofolate reductase (cat-DHFR). This design was achieved by rewiring the connectivity between secondary motifs to introduce artificial entanglement and synthesis was readily accomplished through a series of programmed and streamlined post-translational processing events in cells without any additional in vitro reactions. The target molecule contained few exogenous motifs and was thoroughly characterized using a combination of ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, protease cleavage experiments and ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Compared with the linear control, cat-DHFR retained its catalytic capability and exhibited enhanced stability against thermal or chemical denaturation due to conformational restriction. These results suggest that linear proteins may be converted into their concatenated single-domain counterparts with almost identical chemical compositions, well-preserved functions and elevated stabilities, representing an entirely new horizon in protein science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianzuo Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiyeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahye Im
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Lianjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yajie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jongcheol Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry & Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing 100084, China
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33
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Do CD, Pál D, Belyaev A, Pupier M, Kiesilä A, Kalenius E, Galmés B, Frontera A, Poblador-Bahamonde A, Cougnon FBL. Sulfate-induced large amplitude conformational change in a Solomon link. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13010-13013. [PMID: 37830390 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04555b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
A doubly-interlocked [2]catenane - or Solomon link - undergoes a complex conformational change upon addition of sulfate in methanol. This transformation generates a single pocket where two SO42- anions bind through multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions. Despite the close proximity of the two anions, binding is highly cooperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Dat Do
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Dávid Pál
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Andrey Belyaev
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Marion Pupier
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anniina Kiesilä
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
| | - Bartomeu Galmés
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Antonio Frontera
- Department de Química, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Spain
| | - Amalia Poblador-Bahamonde
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 JYU, Finland.
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34
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Piskorz TK, Martí-Centelles V, Spicer RL, Duarte F, Lusby PJ. Picking the lock of coordination cage catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11300-11331. [PMID: 37886081 PMCID: PMC10599471 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The design principles of metallo-organic assembly reactions have facilitated access to hundreds of coordination cages of varying size and shape. Many of these assemblies possess a well-defined cavity capable of hosting a guest, pictorially mimicking the action of a substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme. While there are now a growing collection of coordination cages that show highly proficient catalysis, exhibiting both excellent activity and efficient turnover, this number is still small compared to the vast library of metal-organic structures that are known. In this review, we will attempt to unpick and discuss the key features that make an effective coordination cage catalyst, linking structure to activity (and selectivity) using lessons learnt from both experimental and computational analysis of the most notable exemplars. We will also provide an outlook for this area, reasoning why coordination cages have the potential to become the gold-standard in (synthetic) non-covalent catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz K Piskorz
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Universitat Politècnica de València, Universitat de València Camino de Vera, s/n 46022 Valencia Spain
| | - Rebecca L Spicer
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University Lancaster LA14YB UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Paul J Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland EH9 3FJ UK
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35
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Lu X, Huang JJ, Chen T, Zheng J, Liu M, Wang XY, Li YX, Niu X, Dang LL. A Coordination-Driven Self-Assembly and NIR Photothermal Conversion Study of Organometallic Handcuffs. Molecules 2023; 28:6826. [PMID: 37836669 PMCID: PMC10574444 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their fascinating topological structures and application prospects, coordination supramolecular complexes have continuously been studied by scientists. However, the controlled construction and property study of organometallic handcuffs remains a significant and challenging research subject in the area of supramolecular chemistry. Hence, a series of tetranuclear organometallic and heterometallic handcuffs bearing different size and metal types were rationally designed and successfully synthesized by utilizing a quadridentate pyridyl ligand (tetra-(3-pyridylphenyl)ethylene) based on three Cp*Rh (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) fragments bearing specific longitudinal dimensions and conjugated planes. These results were determined with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis technology, ESI-MS NMR spectroscopy, etc. Importantly, the photoquenching effect of Cp* groups and the discrepancy of intermolecular π-π stacking interactions between building block and half-sandwich fragments promote markedly different photothermal conversion results. These results will further push the synthesis of topological structures and the development of photothermal conversion materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China
| | - Ming Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Yu-Xin Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
| | - Xinkai Niu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
- College of Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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36
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Luo Z, Zhang X, Zhao J, Bai R, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhao D, Yan X. Mechanically Interlocked [2]Rotaxane Aerogels with Tunable Morphologies and Mechanical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306489. [PMID: 37506278 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical bonds have been utilized as promising motifs to construct mechanically interlocked aerogels (MIAs) with mechanical adaptivity and multifunctionality. However, fabricating such aerogels with not only precise chemical structures but also dynamic features remains challenging. Herein, we present MIAs carrying dense [2]rotaxane units, which bestow both the stability and flexibility of the aerogel network. Owing to the stable chemical structure of a [2]rotaxane, MIAs possessing a precise and full-scale mechanically interlocked network could be fabricated with the aid of diverse solvents. In addition, the dynamic nature of the [2]rotaxane resulted in morphologies and mechanical performances of the MIAs that can be dramatically modulated under chemical stimuli. We hope that the structure-property relationship in MIAs will facilitate the development of mechanically interlocked materials and provide novel opportunities toward constructing smart materials with multifunctionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Dong Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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37
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Komiyama M. Ce-based solid-phase catalysts for phosphate hydrolysis as new tools for next-generation nanoarchitectonics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2250705. [PMID: 37701758 PMCID: PMC10494760 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2250705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
This review comprehensively covers synthetic catalysts for the hydrolysis of biorelevant phosphates and pyrophosphates, which bridge between nanoarchitectonics and biology to construct their interdisciplinary hybrids. In the early 1980s, remarkable catalytic activity of Ce4+ ion for phosphate hydrolysis was found. More recently, this finding has been extended to Ce-based solid catalysts (CeO2 and Ce-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)), which are directly compatible with nanoarchitectonics. Monoesters and triesters of phosphates, as well as pyrophosphates, were effectively cleaved by these catalysts. With the use of either CeO2 nanoparticles or elegantly designed Ce-based MOF, highly stable phosphodiester linkages were also hydrolyzed. On the surfaces of all these solid catalysts, Ce4+ and Ce3+ coexist and cooperate for the catalysis. The Ce4+ activates phosphate substrates as a strong acid, whereas the Ce3+ provides metal-bound hydroxide as an eminent nucleophile. Applications of these Ce-based catalysts to practical purposes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Komiyama
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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38
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Su P, Zhang W, Guo C, Liu H, Xiong C, Tang R, He C, Chen Z, Yu X, Wang H, Li X. Constructing Ultrastable Metallo-Cages via In Situ Deprotonation/Oxidation of Dynamic Supramolecular Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18607-18622. [PMID: 37566725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Coordination-driven self-assembly enables the spontaneous construction of metallo-supramolecules with high precision, facilitated by dynamic and reversible metal-ligand interactions. The dynamic nature of coordination, however, results in structural lability in many metallo-supramolecular assembly systems. Consequently, it remains a formidable challenge to achieve self-assembly reversibility and structural stability simultaneously in metallo-supramolecular systems. To tackle this issue, herein, we incorporate an acid-/base-responsive tridentate ligand into multitopic building blocks to precisely construct a series of metallo-supramolecular cages through coordination-driven self-assembly. These dynamic cagelike assemblies can be transformed to their static states through mild in situ deprotonation/oxidation, leading to ultrastable skeletons that can withstand high temperatures, metal ion chelators, and strong acid/base conditions. This in situ transformation provides a reliable and powerful approach to manipulate the kinetic features and stability of metallo-supramolecules and allows for modulation of encapsulation and release behaviors of metallo-cages when utilizing nanoscale quantum dots (QDs) as guest molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingru Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanhong Xiong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Runxu Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanxin He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, People's Republic of China
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39
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Chen T, Zhao Y, Dang LL, Zhang TT, Lu XL, Chai YH, Lu MY, Aznarez F, Ma LF. Self-Assembly and Photothermal Conversion of MetallaRussian Doll and Metalla[2]catenanes Induced via Multiple Stacking Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18036-18047. [PMID: 37459092 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
A variety of organometallic supramolecular architectures have been constructed over the past decades and their properties were also explored via different strategies. However, the synthesis of metalla-Russian doll is still a fascinating challenge. Herein, a series of new coordination supramolecular complexes, including a metalla-Russian doll, metalla[2]catenanes, and metallarectangles, were synthesized by using meticulously selected Cp*Rh (Cp* = η5-C5Me5) building units (E1, E2, and E3) and three rigid anthracylpyridine ligands (L1, L2, and L3) via a self-assembly strategy. While the combination of the short ligand L1 and E1 or E2 generated two metallarectangles, the longer ligand L2 containing an alkynyl group resulted in two new [2]catenanes, most likely due to which the strong electron-donating effect of alkynyl groups causes self-accumulation. Interestingly, an unusual Russian doll assembly was obtained through the reaction of L3 and E3 based on sextuple π···π stacking interactions. Furthermore, the dynamic structural conversion between [2]catenanes and the corresponding metallarectangles could be observed through concentration-, solvent-, and guest-induced effects. The [2]catenane complexes 4b displayed efficient photothermal conversion efficiency in solution (20.2%), in comparison with other organometallic macrocycles. We believe that π···π stacking interactions generate active nonradiative pathways and promote radiative photodeactivation pathways. This study proves the versatility of half-sandwich building units, not only to build complicated supramolecular topologies but also in effective functional materials for various appealing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Li-Long Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Yin-Hang Chai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Yu Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
| | - Francisco Aznarez
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Fang Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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40
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Lian Z, He J, Liu L, Fan Y, Chen X, Jiang H. [2,2] Paracyclophanes-based double helicates for constructing artificial light-harvesting systems and white LED device. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2752. [PMID: 37173318 PMCID: PMC10182020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of efficient artificial light-harvesting systems (ALHSs) is of vital importance in utilizing solar energy. Herein, we report the non-covalent syntheses of double helicates PCP-TPy1/2 and Rp,Rp-PCP-TPy1/2 by metal-coordination interaction and their applications in ALHSs and white light-emitting diode (LED) device. All double helicates exhibit significant aggregation-induced emission in tetrahydrofuran/water (1:9, v/v) solvent. The aggregated double helicates can be used to construct one-step or sequential ALHSs with fluorescent dyes Eosin Y (EsY) and Nile red (NiR) with the energy transfer efficiency up to 89.3%. Impressively, the PMMA film of PCP-TPy1 shows white-light emission when doped 0.075% NiR, the solid of double helicates (Rp,Rp-) PCP-TPy2 can be used as the additive of a blue LED bulb to achieve white-light emission. In this work, we provided a general method for the preparation of novel double helicates and explored their applications in ALHSs and fluorescent materials, which will promote future construction and application of helicates as emissive devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Lian
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jing He
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yanqing Fan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xuebo Chen
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Hua Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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41
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Wang Z, Mei L, Guo C, Huang S, Shi WQ, Li X, Feng W, Li X, Yang C, Yuan L. Supramolecular Shish Kebabs: Higher Order Dimeric Structures from Ring-in-Rings Complexes with Conformational Adaptivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216690. [PMID: 36652350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Use of abiotic chemical systems for understanding higher order superstructures is challenging. Here we report a ring-in-ring(s) system comprising a hydrogen-bonded macrocycle and cyclobis(paraquat-o-phenylene) tetracation (o-Box) or cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) tetracation (CBPQT4+ , p-Box) that assembles to construct discrete higher order structures with adaptive conformation. As indicated by mass spectrometry, computational modeling, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, this ring-in-ring(s) system features the box-directed aggregation of multiple macrocycles, leading to generation of several stable species such as H4G (1 a/o-Box) and H5G (1 a/o-Box). Remarkably, a dimeric shish-kebab-like ring-in-rings superstructure H7G2 (1 a/o-Box) or H8G2 (1 a/p-Box) is formed from the coaxial stacking of two ring-in-rings units. The formation of such unique dimeric superstructures is attributed to the large π-surface of this 2D planar macrocycle and the conformational variation of both host and guest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Wang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Lei Mei
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China
| | - Song Huang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Wei-Qun Shi
- Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China.,University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, China) (The first email address should be
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42
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Su H, Ma J, Yu H, Li K, Shi J, Hao XQ, Wang K, Song B, Wang M. Hourglass-Shaped Nanocages with Concaved Structures Based on Selective Self-Complementary Coordination Ligands and Tunable Hierarchical Self-Assembly. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300009. [PMID: 36964988 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) structures constructed via coordination-driven self-assemblies have recently garnered increasing attention due to the challenges in structural design and potential applications. In particular, developing new strategy for the convenient and precise self-assemblies of 3D supramolecular structures is of utmost interest. Introducing the concept of self-coordination ligands, herein the design and synthesis of two meta-modified terpyridyl ligands with selective self-complementary coordination moiety are reported and their capability to assemble into two hourglass-shaped nanocages SA and SB is demonstrated. Within these 3D structures, the meta-modified terpyridyl unit preferably coordinates with itself to serve as concave part. By changing the arm length of the ligands, hexamer (SA) and tetramer (SB) are obtained respectively. In-depth studies on the assembly mechanism of SA and SB indicate that the dimers could be formed first via self-complementary coordination and play crucial roles in controlling the final structures. Moreover, both SA and SB can go through hierarchical self-assemblies in solution as well as on solid-liquid interface, which are characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). It is further demonstrated that various higher-order assembly structures can be achieved by tuning the environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Haoyue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianjun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Kehuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry and Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Bo Song
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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43
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Lu Y, Dutschke PD, Kinas J, Hepp A, Jin GX, Hahn FE. Organometallic Borromean Rings and [2]Catenanes Featuring Di-NHC Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217681. [PMID: 36629746 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a series of organometallic Borromean rings (BRs) and [2]catenanes prepared from benzobiscarbene ligands. The reaction of dinickel complexes of the benzobiscarbenes 1 a-1 c with a thiazolothiazole bridged bipyridyl ligand L2 led by self-assembly to a series of organometallic BRs. Solvophobic effects played a crucial role in the formation and stability of the interlocked species. The stability of BRs is related to the N-alkyl substituents at the precursors 1 a-1 c, where longer alkyl substitutes improve stability and inter-ring interactions. Solvophobic effects are also important for the stability of [2]catenanes prepared from 1 a-1 c and a flexible bipyridyl ligand L3 . In solution, an equilibrium between the [2]catenanes and their macrocyclic building blocks was observed. High proportions of [2]catenanes were obtained in concentrated solutions or polar solvents. The proportion of [2]catenanes in solution could be further enhanced by lengthening of the N-alkyl substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lu
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Patrick D Dutschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jenny Kinas
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
| | - F Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
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Sakata Y, Nakamura R, Hibi T, Akine S. Speed Tuning of the Formation/Dissociation of a Metallorotaxane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217048. [PMID: 36628483 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Switching between the formation/dissociation of rotaxanes is important to control the function of various types of rotaxane-based materials. We have developed a convenient and simple strategy, the so-called "accelerator addition", to make a static rotaxane dynamic without apparently affecting the chemical structure. As an interlocked molecule that enables tuning of the formation/dissociation speed, a metallorotaxane was quantitatively generated by the complexation of a triptycene-based dumbbell-shaped mononuclear complex, [PdL2 ]2+ (L=2,3-diaminotriptycene), with 27C9. As a result of the inertness of the Pd2+ -based coordination structure, the metallorotaxane was slowly formed (the static state). This rotaxane formation was accelerated 27 times simply by adding Br- as an accelerator (the dynamic state). A similar drastic acceleration was also demonstrated during the dissociation process when Cs+ was added to the metallorotaxane to form the free axle [PdL2 ]2+ and the 27C9-Cs+ complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Hibi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Akine
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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45
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Benke BP, Kirschbaum T, Graf J, Gross JH, Mastalerz M. Dimeric and trimeric catenation of giant chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes driven by weak supramolecular interactions. Nat Chem 2023; 15:413-423. [PMID: 36456691 PMCID: PMC9986109 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked structures, such as catenanes and rotaxanes, are fascinating synthetic targets and some are used for molecular switches and machines. Today, the vast majority of catenated structures are built upon macrocycles and only a very few examples of three-dimensional shape-persistent organic cages forming such structures have been reported. However, the catenation in all these cases was based on a thermodynamically favoured π-π-stacking under certain reaction conditions. Here, we show that catenane formation can be induced by adding methoxy or thiomethyl groups to one of the precursors during the synthesis of chiral [8 + 12] imine cubes, giving dimeric and trimeric catenated organic cages. To elucidate the underlying driving forces, we reacted 11 differently 1,4-disubstituted terephthaldehydes with a chiral triamino tribenzotriquinacene under various conditions to study whether monomeric cages or catenated cage dimers are the preferred products. We find that catenation is mainly directed by weak interactions derived from the substituents rather than by π-stacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahiru Punja Benke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Kirschbaum
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Graf
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen H Gross
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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46
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Zhang HN, Feng HJ, Lin YJ, Jin GX. Cation-Templated Assembly of 6 13 and 6 23 Metalla-Links. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:4746-4756. [PMID: 36716227 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Facilitated by multiple stacking interactions between components, two kinds of metalla-links containing molecular Borromean rings (623 links) and head-to-tail cyclic [3]catenanes (613 links), as isomers, were constructed in high yield by introducing tri-μ-methoxyl-dinuclear complexes [(Cp*M)2(μ-OCH3)3][OTf] (M = RhIII or IrIII, Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl, OTf = triflate) as unusual cationic guests during coordination-driven assembly. The topology of these intricate structures was controlled by strategically selecting two dipyridyl ligands that differ in their coordination orientations, as evidenced by X-ray crystallography and electrospray ionization-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry analysis. The behavior of the abovementioned metalla-links in solution was monitored and further studied by the detailed NMR techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jun Feng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Jian Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Xin Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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47
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Cáceres-Vásquez J, Jara DH, Costamagna J, Martínez-Gómez F, Silva CP, Lemus L, Freire E, Baggio R, Vera C, Guerrero J. Effect of non-covalent self-dimerization on the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of mixed Cu(i) complexes. RSC Adv 2023; 13:825-838. [PMID: 36686905 PMCID: PMC9810106 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of six new Cu(i) complexes with ([Cu(N-{4-R}pyridine-2-yl-methanimine)(PPh3)Br]) formulation, where R corresponds to a donor or acceptor p-substituent, have been synthesized and were used to study self-association effects on their structural and electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction results showed that in all complexes the packing is organized from a dimer generated by supramolecular π stacking and hydrogen bonding. 1H-NMR experiments at several concentrations showed that all complexes undergo a fast-self-association monomer-dimer equilibrium in solution, while changes in resonance frequency towards the high or low field in specific protons of the imine ligand allow establishing that dimers have similar structures to those found in the crystal. The thermodynamic parameters for this self-association process were calculated from dimerization constants determined by VT-1H-NMR experiments for several concentrations at different temperatures. The values for K D (4.0 to 70.0 M-1 range), ΔH (-1.4 to -2.6 kcal mol-1 range), ΔS (-0.2 to 2.1 cal mol-1 K-1 range), and ΔG 298 (-0.8 to -2.0 kcal mol-1 range) are of the same order and indicate that the self-dimerization process is enthalpically driven for all complexes. The electrochemical profile of the complexes shows two redox Cu(ii)/Cu(i) processes whose relative intensities are sensitive to concentration changes, indicating that both species are in chemical equilibrium, with the monomer and the dimer having different electrochemical characteristics. We associate this behaviour with the structural lability of the Cu(i) centre that allows the monomeric molecules to reorder conformationally to achieve a more adequate assembly in the non-covalent dimer. As expected, structural properties in the solid and in solution, as well as their electrochemical properties, are not correlated with the electronic parameters usually used to evaluate R substituent effects. This confirms that the properties of the Cu(i) complexes are usually more influenced by steric effects than by the inductive effects of substituents of the ligands. In fact, the results obtained showed the importance of non-covalent intermolecular interactions in the structuring of the coordination geometry around the Cu centre and in the coordinative stability to avoid dissociative equilibria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Cáceres-Vásquez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Danilo H. Jara
- Facultad de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo IbáñezAv. Padre Hurtado 750Viña del MarChile
| | - Juan Costamagna
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Fabián Martínez-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile,Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Carlos P. Silva
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Luis Lemus
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Eleonora Freire
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina,Escuela de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, Argentina and Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaBuenos AiresArgentina,Member of CONICETArgentina
| | - Ricardo Baggio
- Gerencia de Investigación y Aplicaciones, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía AtómicaAvenida Gral. Paz 1499, 1650, San MartínBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Cristian Vera
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
| | - Juan Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Compuestos de Coordinación y Química Supramolecular, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de ChileAv. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Casilla 40, Correo 33SantiagoChile
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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49
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50
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Li Z, Chen M, Chen Z, Zhu YL, Guo C, Wang H, Qin Y, Fang F, Wang D, Su C, He C, Yu X, Lu ZY, Li X. Non-equilibrium Nanoassemblies Constructed by Confined Coordination on a Polymer Chain. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22651-22661. [PMID: 36411055 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems employ non-equilibrium self-assembly to create ordered nanoarchitectures with sophisticated functions. However, it is challenging to construct artificial non-equilibrium nanoassemblies due to lack of control over assembly dynamics and kinetics. Herein, we design a series of linear polymers with different side groups for further coordination-driven self-assembly based on shape-complementarity. Such a design introduces a main-chain confinement which effectively slows down the assembly process of side groups, thus allowing us to monitor the real-time evolution of lychee-like nanostructures. The function related to the non-equilibrium nature is further explored by performing photothermal conversion study. The ability to observe and capture non-equilibrium states in this supramolecular system will enhance our understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic features as well as functions of living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chenxing Guo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Center for AIE Research, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Chuanxin He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Xiujun Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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