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Wang F, Liang L, Yu M, Wang W, Badar IH, Bao Y, Zhu K, Li Y, Shafi S, Li D, Diao Y, Efferth T, Xue Z, Hua X. Advances in antitumor activity and mechanism of natural steroidal saponins: A review of advances, challenges, and future prospects. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155432. [PMID: 38518645 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, the second leading cause of death worldwide following cardiovascular diseases, presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to the extensive toxic side effects associated with primary chemotherapy drugs employed for cancer treatment. Furthermore, the emergence of drug resistance against specific chemotherapeutic agents has further complicated the situation. Consequently, there exists an urgent imperative to investigate novel anticancer drugs. Steroidal saponins, a class of natural compounds, have demonstrated notable antitumor efficacy. Nonetheless, their translation into clinical applications has remained unrealized thus far. In light of this, we conducted a comprehensive systematic review elucidating the antitumor activity, underlying mechanisms, and inherent limitations of steroidal saponins. Additionally, we propose a series of strategic approaches and recommendations to augment the antitumor potential of steroidal saponin compounds, thereby offering prospective insights for their eventual clinical implementation. PURPOSE This review summarizes steroidal saponins' antitumor activity, mechanisms, and limitations. METHODS The data included in this review are sourced from authoritative databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and others. RESULTS A comprehensive summary of over 40 steroidal saponin compounds with proven antitumor activity, including their applicable tumor types and structural characteristics, has been compiled. These steroidal saponins can be primarily classified into five categories: spirostanol, isospirostanol, furostanol, steroidal alkaloids, and cholestanol. The isospirostanol and cholestanol saponins are found to have more potent antitumor activity. The primary antitumor mechanisms of these saponins include tumor cell apoptosis, autophagy induction, inhibition of tumor migration, overcoming drug resistance, and cell cycle arrest. However, steroidal saponins have limitations, such as higher cytotoxicity and lower bioavailability. Furthermore, strategies to address these drawbacks have been proposed. CONCLUSION In summary, isospirostanol and cholestanol steroidal saponins demonstrate notable antitumor activity and different structural categories of steroidal saponins exhibit variations in their antitumor signaling pathways. However, the clinical application of steroidal saponins in cancer treatment still faces limitations, and further research and development are necessary to advance their potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Lu Liang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, PR, PR China
| | - Ma Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, PR China; Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yanlin Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Saba Shafi
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Dangdang Li
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Yongchao Diao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz 55128, Germany.
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
| | - Xin Hua
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, PR China.
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Wang B, Zhang Y, He X. A useful strategy for synthesis of the disaccharide of OSW-1. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30985-30989. [PMID: 37876654 PMCID: PMC10591292 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05748h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A flexible, efficient, and practical synthesis route was developed to synthesize an OSW-1 disaccharide. The synthesis took 13 steps from l-arabinose and d-xylose derivatives, and the overall yield was 7.2%. The region preferentially protects various d-xylose hydroxides because the TBS group selectively reacts with this hydroxide at low concentrations due to greater activity at the C-4 hydroxyl of d-xylose. Then, high efficiency selectively protects C-2 hydroxyl and C-3 hydroxyl of d-xylose, respectively. The first high yield of glycosylation on an OSW-1 synthesis disaccharide was achieved by taking sulfide donor 4 with β-PMP anomeric l-arabinose acceptor 12. The cytotoxicity reveals that the analogy has a high IC50 for a variety of cell types. This approach should provide a versatile way to modify OSW-1's disaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
| | - Xiangyan He
- Scientific Research and Education Centre, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region China
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Zhang M, An H, Zhang F, Jiang H, Wan T, Wen Y, Han N, Zhang P. Prospects of Using Chitosan-Based Biopolymers in the Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12956. [PMID: 37629137 PMCID: PMC10454829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries are common neurological disorders, and the available treatment options, such as conservative management and surgical repair, often yield limited results. However, there is growing interest in the potential of using chitosan-based biopolymers as a novel therapeutic approach to treating these injuries. Chitosan-based biopolymers possess unique characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and the ability to stimulate cell proliferation, making them highly suitable for repairing nerve defects and promoting nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Furthermore, these biopolymers can be utilized in drug delivery systems to control the release of therapeutic agents and facilitate the growth of nerve cells. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest advancements in utilizing chitosan-based biopolymers for peripheral nerve regeneration. By harnessing the potential of chitosan-based biopolymers, we can pave the way for innovative treatment strategies that significantly improve the outcomes of peripheral nerve injury repair, offering renewed hope and better prospects for patients in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Heng An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (H.A.)
| | - Fengshi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Haoran Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Teng Wan
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Daxing Research Institute, School of Chemistry & Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (H.A.)
| | - Na Han
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Peixun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China; (M.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100044, China
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Khine MN, Sakurai K. Golgi-Targeting Anticancer Natural Products. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072086. [PMID: 37046746 PMCID: PMC10093635 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis by serving as a biosynthetic center for glycans, lipids and post-translationally modified proteins and as a sorting center for vesicular transport of proteins to specific destinations. Moreover, it provides a signaling hub that facilitates not only membrane trafficking processes but also cellular response pathways to various types of stresses. Altered signaling at the Golgi apparatus has emerged as a key regulator of tumor growth and survival. Among the small molecules that can specifically perturb or modulate Golgi proteins and organization, natural products with anticancer property have been identified as powerful chemical probes in deciphering Golgi-related pathways and, in particular, recently described Golgi stress response pathways. In this review, we highlight a set of Golgi-targeting natural products that enabled the characterization of the Golgi-mediated signaling events leading to cancer cell death and discuss the potential for selectively exploiting these pathways for the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents.
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Valiullina ZR, Khasanova LS, Miftakhov MS. Synthesis of 2-(16,17-Epoxy-3β,20-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-yl)-1,3-dithiane from Diosgenin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sharafi-Badr P, Karoobi S, Monsef-Esfahani HR, Ghahremani MH, Adhami HR. In vitro Cytotoxic Screening of Different Parts from Ornithogalum bungei on Selected Cancer Cells. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:63-72. [PMID: 35017779 PMCID: PMC8743371 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2021.89521.2037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products comprise a large section of pharmaceutical agents in the field of cancer therapy. In the present study, the organic extracts and fractions of various parts of Ornithogalum bungei were investigated for in vitro cytotoxic properties on three human cancer cell lines, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), prostate cancer (PC3), and leukemia (K562) cells. METHODS The present experimental study was conducted at Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran) during 2017-2019. Separately extracted plant materials, including bulbs, stems, and flowers of O. bungei were assessed by the tetrazolium dye-based colorimetric assay (MTT). The selected extracts were submitted to fractionation using vacuum liquid chromatography and after MTT assay, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 (value for each fraction was determined. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The cytotoxicity of the bulb's methanol extract and the dichloromethane extract of aerial parts increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, cell viability decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In the HepG2 cell line, the best IC50 values of fractions from DCM extracts of aerial parts were determined to be 19.8±10.2 µg/mL after 24 hours of exposure and 19.39±6.4 µg/mL following 48 hours of exposure. In the PC3 cell line, after 48 hours of exposure, the IC50 values of fractions were unaccountable, while the percentage of inhibition for A6 to A11 in 24 hours of exposure was more than 40 µg/mL. CONCLUSION O. bungei growing in Iran showed significant potentials as a cytotoxic agent with selective effects on different cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paria Sharafi-Badr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Karoobi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hossein Ghahremani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
Toxicology and Poisoning Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid-Reza Adhami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chauhan N, Porte S, Joshi V, Shah K. Plants' steroidal saponins - A review on its pharmacology properties and analytical techniques. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/2311-8571.353503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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Abstract
Saponins, as secondary metabolites in terrestrial plants and marine invertebrate, constitute one of the largest families of natural products. The long history of folk medicinal applications of saponins makes them attractive candidates for innovative drug design and development. Chemical synthesis has become a practical alternative to the availability of the natural saponins and their modified analogs, so as to facilitate SAR studies and the discovery of optimal structures for clinical applications. The recent achievements in the synthesis of these complex saponins reflect the advancements of both steroid/triterpene chemistry and carbohydrate chemistry. This chapter provides an updated review on the chemical synthesis of natural saponins, covering the literature from 2014 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Biao Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Li J, Wang M, Jiang X. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Thioglycosides via Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Rearrangement. Org Lett 2021; 23:9053-9057. [PMID: 34783571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stereoselective glycosylation is challenging in carbohydrate chemistry. Herein, stereoselective thioglycosylation of glycals via palladium-catalyzed allylic rearrangement yields various substituents on α-isomer thioglycosides. Two comprehensive series of aryl and benzyl thioglycosides were obtained via a combination of thiosulfates with glycals derived from glucose, arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose. Furthermore, diosgenyl α-l-rhamnoside and isoquercitrin achieved selectivity via stereospecific [2,3]-sigma rearrangements of α-sulfoxide-rhamnoside and α-sulfoxide-glucoside, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiagen Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
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Zhan Z, Liu Z, Lai J, Zhang C, Chen Y, Huang H. Anticancer Effects and Mechanisms of OSW-1 Isolated From Ornithogalum saundersiae: A Review. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747718. [PMID: 34631585 PMCID: PMC8496766 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For centuries, cancer has been a lingering dark cloud floating on people's heads. With rapid population growth and aging worldwide, cancer incidence and mortality are growing rapidly. Despite major advances in oncotherapy including surgery, radiation and chemical therapy, as well as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, cancer is expected be the leading cause of premature death in this century. Nowadays, natural compounds with potential anticancer effects have become an indispensable natural treasure for discovering clinically useful agents and made remarkable achievements in cancer chemotherapy. In this regards, OSW-1, which was isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae in 1992, has exhibited powerful anticancer activities in various cancers. However, after almost three decades, OSW-1 is still far from becoming a real anticancer agent for its anticancer mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, in this review we summarize the available evidence on the anticancer effects and mechanisms of OSW-1 in vitro and in vivo, and some insights for researchers who are interested in OSW-1 as a potential anticancer drug. We conclude that OSW-1 is a potential candidate for anticancer drugs and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Yamakoshi H. [Studies on the Syntheses of Bioactive Natural Products Having a Fused Ring System Based on Novel Skeletal Construction Methods]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:1087-1094. [PMID: 34471010 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here, I describe a part of our efforts to develop synthetic strategies to construct bioactive natural products having a fused ring system. We have designed four chiral building blocks bearing contiguous quaternary stereocenters for the syntheses of bioactive C17-oxygenated steroids/triterpenoids and C9-oxygenated labdane diterpenoids. The compounds were stereoselectively synthesized from α-substituted glycolic acid (R)-3-methylcyclohex-2-enyl esters through Ireland-Claisen rearrangement to construct the stereocenters simultaneously. Synthetic utility of a β-type building block is highlighted by total syntheses of marrubiin (11 steps, 22%) and related seven labdane diterpene lactones, cyllenine C (12 steps, 29%), marrulactone (13 steps, 11%), marrulanic acid (14 steps, 10%), marrubasch F (12 steps, 14%), marrulibacetal (14 steps, 4%), marrulibacetal A (14 steps, 2%), and desertine (15 steps, 0.5%). These syntheses feature the construction of the [6.6.5]-tricyclic ring portion via a Pauson-Khand reaction, cleavage of the resultant cyclopentenone ring and an elongation of the C9 side chain by an epoxide opening reaction. The relative stereochemistry of desertine was determined to be 13R, 14S, 15S, 16R by some chemical conversions and NMR analysis. Further efforts toward total syntheses of oxygenated terpenoids using three other chiral building blocks and structure-activity relationship study of synthesized labdane diterpene lactones are currently underway in our laboratory and will be reported in due course.
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Wang XN, Hong LL, Kong JQ. Diacerein as a Promising Acyl Donor in Biosynthetic Acetyl-CoA and Glycosyl Esters Mediated by a Multifunctional Maltose O-Acetyltransferase from Escherichia coli. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6623-6635. [PMID: 34080854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) is an important donor for acetylation modifications of nutritional supplements. The existing enzymatic methods for acetyl-CoA synthesis suffer from cofactor dependence, donor inaccessibility, and biocatalyst instability, leading to its high cost. Hence, a promising alternative is highly desired. Herein, a maltose O-acetyltransferase (MAT) with cofactor independence had been identified as a stable acetyl-CoA-synthesizing biocatalyst in a screen of the Escherichia coli genome. Under the action of MAT, an anthraquinone medicine containing two acetyl groups, diacerein, was screened as an acetyl donor. Saturation mutagenesis at Glu125 was performed to increase the acetyl-CoA-synthesizing capacity of MAT, while decreasing the accompanying hydrolase activities. A mutant MAT-E125F was thus generated and could convert diacerein and CoA into the highest yield of 3892.70 mg/L acetyl-CoA. Moreover, MAT could synthesize puerarin 6″-O-acetate and other glycosyl esters through acetyl-CoA-dependent acetylation or diacerein-based transesterification reaction. To most of the tested glycosides, the transesterification efficiency was higher than that of acetylation. The mutant MAT-E125V acquired the highest conversion of 94.0% to puerarin 6″-O-acetate through transesterification, while MAT-E125N yielded the highest conversion of 68.5% through acetylation. Taking together, the multifunctional MAT displayed a potent acetyl-CoA- and glycosyl ester-synthesizing capacity using diacerein as an acetyl donor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ning Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li-Li Hong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Institute of Materia Medica, Beijing 100050, China
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Bensen RC, Gunay G, Finneran MC, Jhingan I, Acar H, Burgett AWG. Small Molecule Targeting of Oxysterol-Binding Protein (OSBP)-Related Protein 4 and OSBP Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Cell Proliferation in Monolayer and Spheroid Cell Models. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:744-756. [PMID: 33860198 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of precision drugs for the selective treatment of ovarian cancer will require targeting proliferative factors selectively expressed in ovarian tumors or targeting unique physiological microenvironments specific for ovarian tumors. Here, we report that oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 (ORP4) is a potential druggable precision target in ovarian cancer cells. ORP4 has limited expression in normal tissues and was recently recognized to be a cancer-specific driver of cellular proliferation, including in patient-isolated leukemias. We demonstrate that ORP4 is strongly expressed in a panel of ovarian cancer cell lines. The antiproliferative natural product compound OSW-1 targets ORP4 and OSBP. Our results demonstrate that the OSW-1 compound has high antiproliferative potency in both monolayer and three-dimensional ovarian cancer spheroid models, especially compared to the standard-of-care agents cisplatin and paclitaxel. OSW-1 compound treatment induces a loss of ORP4 expression after 48 h, which is coincident with the cytotoxic effects of OSW-1. The absence of extracellular lipids markedly potentiated the cytotoxicity of OSW-1, which was reversed by addition of extracellular free cholesterol. OSBP, but not ORP4, is reported to transport cholesterol and other lipids between organelles. Our results indicate that the targeting of ORP4 is responsible for the antiproliferative activity of the OSW-1 compound, but that in the absence of exogenously supplied cholesterol, which might be similar to the in vivo ovarian cancer microenvironment, possible OSW-1 targeting of OSBP further potentiates the anticancer activity of the compound. Overall, ORP4 and potentially OSBP are revealed as potential druggable targets for the development of novel treatments for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Bensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Gokhan Gunay
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Matthew C Finneran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Isha Jhingan
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Handan Acar
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
| | - Anthony W G Burgett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73117, United States.,Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, United States
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15
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Juang YP, Liang PH. Biological and Pharmacological Effects of Synthetic Saponins. Molecules 2020; 25:E4974. [PMID: 33121124 PMCID: PMC7663351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saponins are amphiphilic molecules consisting of carbohydrate and either triterpenoid or steroid aglycone moieties and are noted for their multiple biological activities-Fungicidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects have all been observed. Saponins from natural sources have long been used in herbal and traditional medicines; however, the isolation of complexed saponins from nature is difficult and laborious, due to the scarce amount and structure heterogeneity. Chemical synthesis is considered a powerful tool to expand the structural diversity of saponin, leading to the discovery of promising compounds. This review focuses on recent developments in the structure optimization and biological evaluation of synthetic triterpenoid and steroid saponin derivatives. By summarizing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) results, we hope to provide the direction for future development of saponin-based bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pi-Hui Liang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
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16
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Sun L, Zhu D, Beverborg LOG, Wang R, Dang Y, Ma M, Li W, Yu B. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of
OSW
‐1 Analogues Bearing 2”‐
O
‐
p
‐Acylaminobenzoyl
Residues
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Di Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Laura Olde Groote Beverborg
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China 96 Jinzhai Road Hefei Anhui 230026 China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University 639 Longmian Avenue Nanjing Jiangsu 211198 China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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17
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Slenter IJM, Djajadiningrat-Laanen SC, de Vries I, Dijkman MA. Intoxication with Ornithogalum arabicum is a potential cause of visual impairment and irreversible blindness in dogs. Toxicon X 2020; 4:100014. [PMID: 32550571 PMCID: PMC7286106 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe two dogs with persistent visual impairment after initially mild intoxication signs following ingestion of Ornithogalum arabicum plant material. Additionally, a 12-year analysis of the Dutch Poisons Information Centre database additionally reveals that ingestion of Ornithogalum plant material can be potentially life-threatening to companion animals. Further studies are necessary to confirm the involvement of cardiac glycoside-like toxins present in Ornithogalum arabicum and the toxicity of these substances to the retina. Intoxication with Ornithogalum arabicum leads to visual impairment and irreversible blindness in dogs. Intoxication with Ornithogalum arabicum may be life-threatening in companion animals. Ornithogalum arabicum and other species are suspected to contain heart glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge J M Slenter
- Ophthalmology Section, Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | | | - Irma de Vries
- Dutch Poisons Information Centre (DPIC), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke A Dijkman
- Dutch Poisons Information Centre (DPIC), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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18
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Du Y, Martin BA, Valenciano AL, Clement JA, Goetz M, Cassera MB, Kingston DGI. Galtonosides A-E: Antiproliferative and Antiplasmodial Cholestane Glycosides from Galtonia regalis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:1043-1050. [PMID: 32227943 PMCID: PMC7183436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An extract of Galtonia regalis from the Natural Products Discovery Institute showed moderate antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 value less than 1.25 μg/mL. The two known cholestane glycosides 1 and 2 and the five new cholestane glycosides galtonosides A-E (3-7) were isolated after bioassay-directed fractionation. The structures of the new compounds were determined by interpretation of their NMR and mass spectra. Among these compounds, galtonoside B (4) displayed the most potent antiplasmodial activity, with an IC50 value of 0.214 μM against the drug-resistant Dd2 strain of Plasmodium falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Du
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center
for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of
America
| | - Brooke A. Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center
for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of
America
| | - Ana Lisa Valenciano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Clement
- Natural Products Discovery Institute, Baruch S.
Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United
States of America
| | - Michael Goetz
- Natural Products Discovery Institute, Baruch S.
Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United
States of America
| | - Maria B. Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia,
Athens, Georgia 30602, United States of America
| | - David G. I. Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and Virginia Tech Center
for Drug Discovery, M/C 0212, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States of
America
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19
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Malabed R, Hanashima S, Murata M, Sakurai K. Interactions of OSW-1 with Lipid Bilayers in Comparison with Digitonin and Soyasaponin. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:3600-3610. [PMID: 32160747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OSW-1, a unique steroidal saponin isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae, has potent cell-growth inhibition activity. In this study, we conducted fluorescence measurements and microscopic observations using palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC)-cholesterol (Chol) bilayers to evaluate the membrane-binding affinity of OSW-1 in comparison with another steroidal saponin, digitonin, and the triterpenoid saponin, soyasaponin Bb(I). The membrane activities of these saponins were evaluated using calcein leakage assays and fitted to the binding isotherm by changing the ratios of saponin-lipids. Digitonin showed the highest binding affinity for the POPC-Chol membrane (Kapp = 0.38 μM-1) and the strongest membrane disruptivity in the bound saponin-lipid ratio at the point of 50% calcein leakage (r50 = 0.47) occurrence. OSW-1 showed slightly lower activity (Kapp = 0.31 μM-1; r50 = 0.78), and the soyasaponin was the lowest in the membrane affinity and the calcein leakage activity (Kapp = 0.017 μM-1; r50 = 1.66). The effect of OSW-1 was further assessed using confocal microscopy in an experiment utilizing DiI and rhodamine 6G as the fluorescence probes. The addition of 30 μM OSW-1 induced inward membrane curvature in some giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). At the higher OSW-1 concentration (58 μM, r50 = 0.78) where the 50% calcein leakage was observed, the morphology of some GUVs became elongated. With digitonin at the corresponding concentration (35 μM, r50 = 0.47), membrane disruption and formation of large aggregates in aqueous solution were observed, probably due to a detergent-type mechanism. These saponins, including OSW-1, required Chol to exhibit their potent membrane activity although their mechanisms are thought to be different. At the effective concentration, OSW-1 preferably binds to the bilayers without prominent disruption of vesicles and exerts its activity through the formation of saponin-Chol complexes, probably resulting in membrane permeabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Malabed
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- ERATO, Lipid Active Structure Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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20
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Wang Y, Shi Y, Tian WS, Tang P, Zhuang C, Chen FE. Stereoselective Synthesis of (-)-Verazine and Congeners via a Cascade Ring-Switching Process of Furostan-26-acid. Org Lett 2020; 22:2761-2765. [PMID: 32202118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An efficient synthetic strategy for three natural seco-type cholestane alkaloids isolated from the Veratrum plants, based on commercially available naturally occurring and abundant (-)-diosgenin (1), as exemplified in the concise asymmetric synthesis of (-)-verazine (4), (-)-veramiline (5) (proposed structure), and its 22-epimer, (-)-oblonginine (6), is presented. This work highlights the application of a cascade ring-switching process of (-)-diosgenin to achieve the E-ring opening and construction of chiral six-membered lactone challenges in seco-type cholestane alkaloid synthesis. This approach enables the synthesis of related natural and nature-like novel cholestane alkaloids, opening up opportunities for more extensive exploration of cholestane alkaloid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pei Tang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Engineering Center of Catalysis and Synthesis for Chiral Molecules, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center of Industrial Asymmetric Catalysis for Chiral Drugs, Shanghai 200433, China.,West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Fukaya K, Urabe D, Hiraizumi M, Noguchi K, Matsumoto T, Sakurai K. Computational and Experimental Analysis on the Conformational Preferences of Anticancer Saponin OSW-1. J Org Chem 2019; 85:339-344. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fukaya
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Daisuke Urabe
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Keiichi Noguchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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22
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Xiang W, Zhang RJ, Jin GL, Tian L, Cheng F, Wang JZ, Xing XF, Xi W, Tang SJ, Chen JF. RCE‑4, a potential anti‑cervical cancer drug isolated from Reineckia carnea, induces autophagy via the dual blockade of PI3K and ERK pathways in cervical cancer CaSki cells. Int J Mol Med 2019; 45:245-254. [PMID: 31746346 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroidal saponin RCE‑4 (1β, 3β, 5β, 25S)‑spirostan‑1, 3‑diol 1‑[α‑L‑rhamnopyranosyl‑(1→2)‑β‑D‑xylopyranoside], isolated from Reineckia carnea, exerts significant anti‑cervical cancer activity by inducing apoptosis. The potential effect of RCE‑4 on proliferation inhibition and autophagy induction has rarely been studied. Therefore, the focus of the present study was to investigate the effects of RCE‑4 on proliferation, and to elucidate the detailed mechanisms involved in autophagy induction in cervical cancer cells. CaSki cells were treated with RCE‑4 or/and autophagy inhibitors, and the effect of RCE‑4 on cellular proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The pro‑autophagic properties of RCE‑4 were subsequently confirmed using monomeric red fluorescent protein‑green fluorescent protein‑microtubule‑associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3) adenoviruses and CYTO‑ID autophagy assays, and by assessing the accumulation of lipid‑modified LC3 (LC3II). The mechanisms of RCE‑4‑induced autophagy were investigated by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that inhibiting autophagy significantly promoted RCE‑4‑induced cell death, indicating that autophagy served a protective role following RCE‑4 treatment. In addition, RCE‑4‑induced autophagy was reflected by increased expression levels of the serine/threonine‑protein kinase ULK1, phosphorylated (p)‑ULK1, p‑Beclin‑1 and LC3II, the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, and sequestosome 1 (p62) degradation. Subsequent analysis indicated that RCE‑4 activated the AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway by upregulating AMPK and p‑AMPK, and also inhibited the PI3K and extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways by downregulating p‑PI3K, p‑Akt, p‑mTOR, Ras, c‑Raf, p‑c‑Raf, dual specificity mitogen‑activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2, p‑MEK1/2 and p‑Erk1/2. Additionally, with increased treatment times RCE‑4 may impair lysosomal cathepsin activity and inhibit autophagy flux by suppressing the expression of AMPK, p‑AMPK, ULK1, p‑ULK1 and p‑Beclin‑1, and upregulating that of p62. These results indicated that the dual RCE‑4‑induced inhibition of the PI3K and ERK pathways may result in a more significant anti‑tumor effect and prevent chemoresistance, compared with the inhibition of either single pathway; furthermore, dual blockade of PI3K and ERK, and the AMPK pathway may be involved in the regulation of autophagy caused by RCE‑4. Taken together, RCE‑4 induced autophagy to protect cancer cells against apoptosis, but AMPK‑mediated autophagy was inhibited in the later stages of RCE‑4 treatment. In addition, autophagy inhibition improved the therapeutic effect of RCE‑4. These data highlight RCE‑4 as a potential candidate for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Ren-Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Lan Jin
- The First People's Hospital of Yichang and The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Li Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Zhi Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Xiang-Fei Xing
- The First People's Hospital of Yichang and The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xi
- The First People's Hospital of Yichang and The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Jun Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, P.R. China
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23
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Komatsu R, Sakurai K. Development of Chemical Probes for Functional Analysis of Anticancer Saponin OSW‐1. CHEM REC 2019; 19:2362-2369. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Komatsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-28-16, Nakacho, Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science Faculty of EngineeringTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-28-16, Nakacho, Koganei-shi Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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24
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Chen QW, Zhang X, Gong T, Gao W, Yuan S, Zhang PC, Kong JQ. Structure and bioactivity of cholestane glycosides from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 164:206-214. [PMID: 31177053 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Eight undescribed cholestane glycosides named osaundersioside A-H, along with three previously known compounds named osaundersioside I-K were isolated from Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker bulbs (Asparagaceae). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. Osaundersioside C was thus determined to exhibit specific cytotoxicity towards MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.20 μM, Osaundersioside H exhibited inhibitory effect on NO production in macrophages at the concentration of 10-5 M, with inhibition rate of 56.81%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Chen
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ting Gong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wan Gao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jian-Qiang Kong
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, (State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines & NHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products), Beijing, 100050, China.
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25
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Anticancer saponin OSW-1 is a novel class of selective Golgi stress inducer. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1732-1736. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Andriamisaina N, Mitaine-Offer AC, Miyamoto T, Tanaka C, Paululat T, Lirussi F, Lacaille-Dubois MA. Steroidal glycosides from Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 160:78-84. [PMID: 30743238 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The phytochemical study of Ornithogalum dubium Houtt. (Asparagaceae) led to the isolation of five undescribed steroidal glycosides together with two known ones. Their structures were established by using NMR analysis and mass spectrometry as (25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, (25S)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S)-16β-[(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]-22-hydroxycholest-5-en-3β-yl O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S,23S)-1β,3β,11α,16β,23-pentahydroxy-5α-cholest-24-en-22β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside, (22S,23S)-3β-[(β-D-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-22,23-dihydroxy-5α-cholest-24-en-16β-yl O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranoside. Their cytotoxic activities against two human cells, a lung carcinoma A-549 and a promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cell lines, were evaluated by using the XTT method. The results showed no significant cytotoxicity on the tested cells. The influence of the potentiation of cisplatin cytotoxicity in A-549 cells was also investigated and a slight effect was observed only for the (25R) spirostane-type derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nampoina Andriamisaina
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, PEPITE EA 4267, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Anne-Claire Mitaine-Offer
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, PEPITE EA 4267, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Tomofumi Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chiaki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Thomas Paululat
- Universität Siegen, OC-II, Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Fakultät, D-57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- Université de Bourgogne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon, INSERM, U1231, Lipides Nutrition Cancer, Équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Aleth Lacaille-Dubois
- Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie, PEPITE EA 4267, UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France.
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27
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28
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Sun L, Wang R, Wang X, Dang Y, Li W, Yu B. Synthesis and antiproliferative activities of OSW-1 analogues bearing 2-acylamino-xylose residues. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized 38 OSW-1 analogues with 2-acylamino xylose residues and found that the antitumor activities could be greatly enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
| | - Ruina Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine
- the Ministry of Education
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Fudan University
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-organic and Natural Products Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
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Liu M, Kong JQ. The enzymatic biosynthesis of acylated steroidal glycosides and their cytotoxic activity. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:981-994. [PMID: 30505666 PMCID: PMC6251810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we describe the discovery and functional characterization of a steroidal glycosyltransferase (SGT) from Ornithogalum saundersiae and a steroidal glycoside acyltransferase (SGA) from Escherichia coli and their application in the biosynthesis of acylated steroidal glycosides (ASGs). Initially, an SGT gene, designated as OsSGT1, was isolated from O. saundersiae. OsSGT1-containing cell free extract was then used as the biocatalyst to react with 49 structurally diverse drug-like compounds. The recombinant OsSGT1 was shown to be active against both 3β- and 17β-hydroxyl steroids. Unexpectedly, in an effort to identify OsSGT1, we found the bacteria lacA gene in lac operon actually encoded an SGA, specifically catalyzing the acetylations of sugar moieties of steroid 17β-glucosides. Finally, a novel enzymatic two-step synthesis of two ASGs, acetylated testosterone-17-O-β-glucosides (AT-17β-Gs) and acetylated estradiol-17-O-β-glucosides (AE-17β-Gs), from the abundantly available free steroids using OsSGT1 and EcSGA1 as the biocatalysts was developed. The two-step process is characterized by EcSGA1-catalyzed regioselective acylations of all hydroxyl groups on the sugar unit of unprotected steroidal glycosides (SGs) in the late stage, thereby significantly streamlining the synthetic route towards ASGs and thus forming four monoacylates. The improved cytotoxic activities of 3′-acetylated testosterone17-O-β-glucoside towards seven human tumor cell lines were thus observable.
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Key Words
- 6′-AE-17β-G, 6′-acetylated estradiol 17-O-β-glucoside
- 6′-AT-17β-G, 6′-acetylated testosterone 17-O-β-glucoside
- AE-17β-G, acetylated estradiol-17-O-β-glucoside
- ASGs, acylated steroidal glycosides
- AT-17β-G, acetylated testosterone-17-O-β-glucoside
- Acylated steroidal glyco sides
- E-17β-G, estradiol-17-O-β-glucoside
- EcSGA1, E. coli steroidal glucoside acetyltransferase
- HPLC—SPE—NMR, high-performance liquid chromatography–solid phase extraction–NMR spectroscopy
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside
- LacA
- ORF, open reading frame
- Ornithogalum saunder siae
- PSBD, putative steroid-binding domain
- PSPG, plant secondary product glycosyltranferase box
- RIN, RNA integrity number
- RP-HPLC, reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SGAs, steroidal glycoside acyltransferases
- SGEs, steroidal glycoside esters
- SGTs, steroidal glycosyltransferases
- SGs, steroidal glycosides
- Steroidal glycoside acyl transferase
- Steroidal glycosyltrans ferase
- T-17β-G, testosterone-17-O-β-glucoside
- UDP-Ara, UDP-l-arabinose
- UDP-Gal, UDP-D-galactose
- UDP-GalA, UDP-D-Galacturonic acid
- UDP-Glc, UDP-D-glucose
- UDP-GlcA, UDP-D-glucuronic acid
- UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
- UDP-Xyl, UDP-D-xylose
- UTR, untranslated region
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30
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Sakurai K, Hiraizumi M, Isogai N, Komatsu R, Shibata T, Ohta Y. Synthesis of a fluorescent photoaffinity probe of OSW-1 by site-selective acylation of an inactive congener and biological evaluation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:517-520. [PMID: 27909709 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08955k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel fluorescent photoaffinity probe of OSW-1 was prepared in two steps from a naturally occurring inactive congener by a sequential site-selective acylation strategy using Me2SnCl2. It displayed highly potent anticancer activity and a similar intracellular localization property to that of a fluorescently-tagged OSW-1, thereby demonstrating its potential utility in live cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - M Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - N Isogai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - R Komatsu
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - T Shibata
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Y Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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31
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Jiang XL, Shi Y, Tian WS. Synthesis of 18-Demethoxy Analogues of the Aglycon of Saundersiosides A and B, Based on a Cascade Process. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances; Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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32
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Zhang Y, Fang F, Fan K, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Guo H, Yu P, Ma J. Effective cytotoxic activity of OSW-1 on colon cancer by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2017; 37:3509-3519. [PMID: 28440433 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As a natural compound, Ornithogalum caudatum Ait is primarily used as an anti-inflammatory and antitumor agent in Chinese folk medicine. In 1992, OSW-1 was isolated from this compound, which is a new member of cholestane saponin family. In numerous recent studies, OSW-1 has been shown to have powerful cytotoxic anticancer effects against various malignant cells. However, the therapeutic efficacy of OSW-1 on colon cancer and the underlying mechanism are not understood. To explore the mechanism underlying OSW-1 in antitumor therapy, a therapeutic function analysis of OSW-1 on colon cancer was performed in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that with low toxicity on normal colonic cells, OSW-1 suppresses colon cancer cells in vitro and this inhibition was via the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which increased cellular calcium, changed mitochondrial membrane potential, disrupted mitochondrial morphology, and led to the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3. Furthermore, in a nude mouse model, OSW-1 had a powerful effect on suppressing colon tumor proliferation without significant side effects through the apoptosis pathway. Taken together, these results demonstrate that OSW-1 is a potential drug for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Fengqi Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Kai Fan
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Huishu Guo
- Centralab, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Peiyao Yu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Ionic hydrogenation-directed stereoselective construction of C-20(H) stereogenic center in steroid side chains: Scope and limitations. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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34
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Wu JJ, Shi Y, Tian WS. Synthesis of the aglycon of aspafiliosides E and F via a spiroketal-forming cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Zhou T, Feng F, Shi Y, Tian WS. Synthesis Toward and Stereochemical Assignment of Clathsterol: Exploring Diverse Strategies to Polyoxygenated Sterols. Org Lett 2016; 18:2308-11. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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36
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Kuczynska K, Cmoch P, Rárová L, Oklešťková J, Korda A, Pakulski Z, Strnad M. Influence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds on regioselectivity of glycosylation. Synthesis of lupane-type saponins bearing the OSW-1 saponin disaccharide unit and its isomers. Carbohydr Res 2016; 423:49-69. [PMID: 26878488 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of lupane-type saponins bearing OSW-1 disaccharide unit as well as its regio- and stereoisomers were prepared and used for the structure-activity relationships (SAR) study. Unexpected preference for 1→4-linked regioisomers and an unusual inversion of the conformation of the sugar rings were noted. Cytotoxic activity of new lupane compounds was evaluated in vitro and revealed that some saponins exhibited an interesting bioactivity profile against human cancer cell lines. Influence of the protecting groups on the cytotoxicity was investigated. These results open the way to the synthesis of various lupane-type triterpene and saponin derivatives as potential anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kuczynska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Cmoch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucie Rárová
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Oklešťková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Korda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Pakulski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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37
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Lu XF, Yang Z, Huang NY, He HB, Deng WQ, Zou K. Synthesis and cytotoxic activities of 2-substituted (25R)-spirostan-1,4,6-triene-3-ones via ring-opening/elimination and ‘click’ strategy. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3726-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Abstract
Saponins are a large family of amphiphilic glycosides of steroids and triterpenes found in plants and some marine organisms. By expressing a large diversity of structures on both sugar chains and aglycones, saponins exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological properties and serve as major active principles in folk medicines, especially in traditional Chinese medicines. Isolation of saponins from natural sources is usually a formidable task due to the microheterogeneity of saponins in Nature. Chemical synthesis can provide access to large amounts of natural saponins as well as congeners for understanding their structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive account on chemical synthesis of saponins. First highlighted are general considerations on saponin synthesis, including preparation of aglycones and carbohydrate building blocks, assembly strategies, and protecting-group strategies. Next described is the state of the art in the synthesis of each type of saponins, with an emphasis on those representative saponins having sophisticated structures and potent biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Stephane Laval
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China.
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39
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Pakulski Z, Cmoch P. Study on the synthesis of regio- and stereoisomers of the disaccharide unit of the OSW-1 saponin. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Cheng SL, Jiang XL, Shi Y, Tian WS. Concise Synthesis of the Core Structures of Saundersiosides. Org Lett 2015; 17:2346-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Ling Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Synthetic
Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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41
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Sakurai K, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Yamada R. Synthesis of OSW-1 Derivatives by Site-Selective Acylation and Their Biological Evaluation. Org Lett 2014; 16:6318-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ol503044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Biotechnology
and Life Science, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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42
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Xiao XH, Yuan ZQ, Li GK. Separation and purification of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla by microwave-assisted extraction coupled with countercurrent chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:635-41. [PMID: 24772456 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201301341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A method of microwave-assisted extraction coupled with countercurrent chromatography using evaporative light scattering detection was successfully developed for the separation and purification of steroidal saponins from Paris polyphylla. The main extraction conditions including microwave power, liquid/solid ratio, irradiation time, and extraction temperature were optimized using an orthogonal array design method. A suitable two-phase solvent system consisting of n-heptane/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water (10:19:6:20, v/v/v/v) was employed in the separation and purification of the extracts of P. polyphylla. A total of 7.1 mg polyphyllin VII, 4.3 mg gracillin, 9.2 mg dioscin, and 10.2 mg polyphyllin I were obtained from 1.5 g P. polyphylla in less than 300 min, the purities of which determined by HPLC were 96.7, 97.3, 98.7, and 98.6%, respectively. The identification and characterization of these compounds were performed by LC-ESI-MS and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is feasible, economical and efficient for the extraction, separation and purification of effective compounds from natural products.
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43
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Zu L, Zhao Y, Gu G. Recent Development in the Synthesis of Natural Saponins and Their Derivatives. J Carbohydr Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2014.957387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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44
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Zhang XF, Wu JJ, Shi Y, Lin JR, Tian WS. Formal synthesis of osladin based on an activation relay process. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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45
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Kongkathip B, Kongkathip N, Rujirawanich J. New Strategy for Synthesis of the Disaccharide Moiety of the Highly Potent Anticancer Natural Product OSW-1. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2014.891747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boonsong Kongkathip
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Ngampong Kongkathip
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
| | - Janjira Rujirawanich
- a Natural Products and Organic Synthesis Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Kasetsart University , Chatuchak , Bangkok , Thailand
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46
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Synthesis and cytotoxic effect of pseudodiosgenyl saponins with thio-ring F. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1600-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Yamada R, Takeshita T, Hiraizumi M, Shinohe D, Ohta Y, Sakurai K. Fluorescent analog of OSW-1 and its cellular localization. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1839-42. [PMID: 24613377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OSW-1 is a steroidal saponin, which has emerged as an attractive anticancer agent with highly cancer cell selective activity. A fluorescent analog was prepared from the natural product to analyze its cellular uptake and localization. We found that the fluorescent analog is rapidly internalized into cells and is primarily distributed in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rika Yamada
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeshita
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Masato Hiraizumi
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shinohe
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, School of Engineering, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
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48
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Molecular cloning and yeast expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase from Ornithogalum saundersiae baker. Molecules 2014; 19:1608-21. [PMID: 24476601 PMCID: PMC6270737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19021608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OSW-1, isolated from the bulbs of Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker, is a steroidal saponin endowed with considerable antitumor properties. Biosynthesis of the 4-methoxybenzoyl group on the disaccharide moiety of OSW-1 is known to take place biochemically via the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, but molecular biological characterization of the related genes has been insufficient. Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H, EC 1.14.13.11), catalyzing the hydroxylation of trans-cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid, plays a key role in the ability of phenylpropanoid metabolism to channel carbon to produce the 4-methoxybenzoyl group on the disaccharide moiety of OSW-1. Molecular isolation and functional characterization of the C4H genes, therefore, is an important step for pathway characterization of 4-methoxybenzoyl group biosynthesis. In this study, a gene coding for C4H, designated as OsaC4H, was isolated according to the transcriptome sequencing results of Ornithogalum saundersiae. The full-length OsaC4H cDNA is 1,608-bp long, with a 1,518-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 505 amino acids, a 55-bp 5′ non-coding region and a 35-bp 3'-untranslated region. OsaC4H was functionally characterized by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shown to catalyze the oxidation of trans-cinnamic acid to p-coumaric acid, which was identified by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), HPLC-MS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. The identification of the OsaC4H gene was expected to open the way to clarification of the biosynthetic pathway of OSW-1.
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49
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Kankala S, Kankala RK, Kommidi DR, Mudithanapelli C, Balaboina R, Vadde R, Jonnalagadda SB, Vasam CS. Synthesis and anti-cancer evaluation of steroidal diglycoside–pyrazoline hybrids. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05599c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of pyrazoline-steroidal diglycoside hybrids were synthesized via catalyzed cyclocondensation of the corresponding chalcones, screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity and the SAR deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal, India
- School of Chemistry & Physics
- University of Kwazulu-Natal
| | - Ranjith Kumar Kankala
- Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong-Hwa University
- Hualien 974, Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Ravinder Vadde
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal, India
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50
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Akahori Y, Yamakoshi H, Sawayama Y, Hashimoto S, Nakamura S. Synthesis of Chiral Building Blocks for Oxygenated Terpenoids through a Simultaneous and Stereocontrolled Construction of Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters by an Ireland–Claisen Rearrangement. J Org Chem 2013; 79:720-35. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402537u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Akahori
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamakoshi
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuki Sawayama
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shunichi Hashimoto
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Seiichi Nakamura
- Graduate
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1
Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8603, Japan
| |
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