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Fareez UNM, Naqvi SAA, Mahmud M, Temirel M. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis of Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400643. [PMID: 38648623 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine has evolved with the rise of tissue engineering due to advancements in healthcare and technology. In recent years, bioprinting has been an upcoming approach to traditional tissue engineering practices, through the fabrication of functional tissue by its layer-by-layer deposition process. This overcomes challenges such as irregular cell distribution and limited cell density, and it can potentially address organ shortages, increasing transplant options. Bioprinting fully functional organs is a long stretch but the advancement is rapidly growing due to its precision and compatibility with complex geometries. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), a carestone of computer-aided engineering, has been instrumental in assisting bioprinting research and development by cutting costs and saving time. CFD optimizes bioprinting by testing parameters such as shear stress, diffusivity, and cell viability, reducing repetitive experiments and aiding in material selection and bioprinter nozzle design. This review discusses the current application of CFD in bioprinting and its potential to enhance the technology that can contribute to the evolution of regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Naseef Mohamed Fareez
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Syed Ali Arsal Naqvi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Makame Mahmud
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
| | - Mikail Temirel
- Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, 38080, Turkey
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2
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Si H, Du D, Jiao C, Sun Y, Li L, Tang B. Biomimetic synergistic effect of redox site and Lewis acid for construction of efficient artificial enzyme. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6315. [PMID: 39060279 PMCID: PMC11282276 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In enzymatic catalysis, the redox site and Lewis acid are the two main roles played by metal to assist amino acids. However, the reported enzyme mimics only focus on the redox-active metal as redox site, while the redox-inert metal as Lewis acid has, to the best of our knowledge, not been studied, presenting a bottleneck of enzyme mimics construction. Based on this, a series of highly efficient MxV2O5·nH2O peroxidase mimics with vanadium as redox site and alkaline-earth metal ion (M2+) as Lewis acid are reported. Experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate the peroxidase-mimicking activity of MxV2O5·nH2O show a periodic change with the Lewis acidity (ion potential) of M2+, revealing the mechanism of redox-inert M2+ regulating electron transfer of V-O through non-covalent polarization and thus promoting H2O2 adsorbate dissociation. The biomimetic synergetic effect of redox site and Lewis acid is expected to provide an inspiration for design of enzyme mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Si
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Dexin Du
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Jiao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan, 250101, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, P. R. China.
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
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3
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Beena Unni A, Muringayil Joseph T. Enhancing Polymer Sustainability: Eco-Conscious Strategies. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1769. [PMID: 39000625 PMCID: PMC11244229 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer sustainability is a pressing concern in today's world driven by the increasing demand for environmentally friendly materials. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of eco-friendly approaches towards enhancing the sustainability of polymers. It synthesized recent research and developments in various areas such as green polymer synthesis methods, biodegradable polymers, recycling technologies, and emerging sustainable alternatives. The environmental impact of traditional polymer production processes and the importance of adopting greener alternatives were critically examined. The review delved into the advancements in polymer recycling technologies like mechanical, chemical, and biological processes aimed at minimizing plastic waste and promoting a circular economy. The innovative approaches such as upcycling, hybrid methods etc., which offer promising solutions for addressing plastic pollution and achieving long-term sustainability goals were also analyzed. Finally, the paper discussed the challenges and future prospects of eco-friendly approaches for polymer sustainability, emphasizing the need for researchers and concerted efforts from scientists across industries and academia to drive meaningful change towards a more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Beena Unni
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Tomy Muringayil Joseph
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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4
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Papatola F, Slimani S, Peddis D, Pellis A. Biocatalyst immobilization on magnetic nano-architectures for potential applications in condensation reactions. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14481. [PMID: 38850268 PMCID: PMC11162105 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review article, a perspective on the immobilization of various hydrolytic enzymes onto magnetic nanoparticles for synthetic organic chemistry applications is presented. After a first part giving short overview on nanomagnetism and highlighting advantages and disadvantages of immobilizing enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), the most important hydrolytic enzymes and their applications were summarized. A section reviewing the immobilization techniques with a particular focus on supporting enzymes on MNPs introduces the reader to the final chapter describing synthetic organic chemistry applications of small molecules (flavour esters) and polymers (polyesters and polyamides). Finally, the conclusion and perspective section gives the author's personal view on further research discussing the new idea of a synergistic rational design of the magnetic and biocatalytic component to produce novel magnetic nano-architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Papatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - S Slimani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - D Peddis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Struttura Della Materia, nM2-Lab, Monterotondo Scalo (Roma), Italy
| | - A Pellis
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Genova, Genoa, Italy
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5
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Li X, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu J, Kang J, Li B, Zhao B, Wang L. Cross-Linking Methods of the Silk Protein Hydrogel in Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:529-544. [PMID: 38294593 PMCID: PMC11087422 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00624-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniomaxillofacial tissue defects are clinical defects involving craniomaxillofacial and oral soft and hard tissues. They are characterized by defect-shaped irregularities, bacterial and inflammatory environments, and the need for functional recovery. Conventional clinical treatments are currently unable to achieve regeneration of high-quality oral craniomaxillofacial tissue. As a natural biomaterial, silk fibroin (SF) has been widely studied in biomedicine and has broad prospects for use in tissue regeneration. Hydrogels made of SF showed excellent water retention, biocompatibility, safety and the ability to combine with other materials. METHODS To gain an in-depth understanding of the current development of SF, this article reviews the structure, preparation and application prospects in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regenerative medicine. It first briefly introduces the structure of SF and then summarizes the principles, advantages and disadvantages of the different cross-linking methods (physical cross-linking, chemical cross-linking and double network structure) of SF. Finally, the existing research on the use of SF in tissue engineering and the prospects of using SF with different cross-linking methods in oral and craniomaxillofacial tissue regeneration are also discussed. CONCLUSIONS This review is intended to show the advantages of SF hydrogels in tissue engineering and provides theoretical support for establishing novel and viable silk protein hydrogels for regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanjiao Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xinsong Zhang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Kang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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6
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Yan X, Huang H, Bakry AM, Wu W, Liu X, Liu F. Advances in enhancing the mechanical properties of biopolymer hydrogels via multi-strategic approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132583. [PMID: 38795882 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The limited mechanical properties of biopolymer-based hydrogels have hindered their widespread applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. In recent years, researchers have shown significant interest in developing novel approaches to enhance the mechanical performance of hydrogels. This review focuses on key strategies for enhancing mechanical properties of hydrogels, including dual-crosslinking, double networks, and nanocomposite hydrogels, with a comprehensive analysis of their underlying mechanisms, benefits, and limitations. It also introduces the classic application scenarios of biopolymer-based hydrogels and the direction of future research efforts, including wound dressings and tissue engineering based on 3D bioprinting. This review is expected to deepen the understanding of the structure-mechanical performance-function relationship of hydrogels and guide the further study of their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hechun Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Amr M Bakry
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, New Valley, El-Kharga 72511, Egypt
| | - Wanqiang Wu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Xuebo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fuguo Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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7
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Uva A, Michailovich S, Hsu NSY, Tran H. Degradable π-Conjugated Polymers. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12271-12287. [PMID: 38656104 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The integration of next-generation electronics into society is rapidly reshaping our daily interactions and lifestyles, revolutionizing communication and engagement with the world. Future electronics promise stimuli-responsive features and enhanced biocompatibility, such as skin-like health monitors and sensors embedded in food packaging, transforming healthcare and reducing food waste. Imparting degradability may reduce the adverse environmental impact of next-generation electronics and lead to opportunities for environmental and health monitoring. While advancements have been made in producing degradable materials for encapsulants, substrates, and dielectrics, the availability of degradable conducting and semiconducting materials remains restricted. π-Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for the development of degradable conductors or semiconductors due to the ability to tune their stimuli-responsiveness, biocompatibility, and mechanical durability. This perspective highlights three design considerations: the selection of π-conjugated monomers, synthetic coupling strategies, and degradation of π-conjugated polymers, for generating π-conjugated materials for degradable electronics. We describe the current challenges with monomeric design and present options to circumvent these issues by highlighting biobased π-conjugated compounds with known degradation pathways and stable monomers that allow for chemically recyclable polymers. Next, we present coupling strategies that are compatible for the synthesis of degradable π-conjugated polymers, including direct arylation polymerization and enzymatic polymerization. Lastly, we discuss various modes of depolymerization and characterization techniques to enhance our comprehension of potential degradation byproducts formed during polymer cleavage. Our perspective considers these three design parameters in parallel rather than independently while having a targeted application in mind to accelerate the discovery of next-generation high-performance π-conjugated polymers for degradable organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azalea Uva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sofia Michailovich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Nathan Sung Yuan Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Acceleration Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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8
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Shi C, Quinn EC, Diment WT, Chen EYX. Recyclable and (Bio)degradable Polyesters in a Circular Plastics Economy. Chem Rev 2024; 124:4393-4478. [PMID: 38518259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Polyesters carrying polar main-chain ester linkages exhibit distinct material properties for diverse applications and thus play an important role in today's plastics economy. It is anticipated that they will play an even greater role in tomorrow's circular plastics economy that focuses on sustainability, thanks to the abundant availability of their biosourced building blocks and the presence of the main-chain ester bonds that can be chemically or biologically cleaved on demand by multiple methods and thus bring about more desired end-of-life plastic waste management options. Because of this potential and promise, there have been intense research activities directed at addressing recycling, upcycling or biodegradation of existing legacy polyesters, designing their biorenewable alternatives, and redesigning future polyesters with intrinsic chemical recyclability and tailored performance that can rival today's commodity plastics that are either petroleum based and/or hard to recycle. This review captures these exciting recent developments and outlines future challenges and opportunities. Case studies on the legacy polyesters, poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene succinate), and poly(butylene-adipate terephthalate), are presented, and emerging chemically recyclable polyesters are comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ethan C Quinn
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Wilfred T Diment
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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9
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Ghosh S, Baltussen MG, Ivanov NM, Haije R, Jakštaitė M, Zhou T, Huck WTS. Exploring Emergent Properties in Enzymatic Reaction Networks: Design and Control of Dynamic Functional Systems. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2553-2582. [PMID: 38476077 PMCID: PMC10941194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The intricate and complex features of enzymatic reaction networks (ERNs) play a key role in the emergence and sustenance of life. Constructing such networks in vitro enables stepwise build up in complexity and introduces the opportunity to control enzymatic activity using physicochemical stimuli. Rational design and modulation of network motifs enable the engineering of artificial systems with emergent functionalities. Such functional systems are useful for a variety of reasons such as creating new-to-nature dynamic materials, producing value-added chemicals, constructing metabolic modules for synthetic cells, and even enabling molecular computation. In this review, we offer insights into the chemical characteristics of ERNs while also delving into their potential applications and associated challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Ghosh
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu G. Baltussen
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikita M. Ivanov
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rianne Haije
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miglė Jakštaitė
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tao Zhou
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilhelm T. S. Huck
- Institute for Molecules and
Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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10
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Scheibel DM, Gitsov IPI, Gitsov I. Enzymes in "Green" Synthetic Chemistry: Laccase and Lipase. Molecules 2024; 29:989. [PMID: 38474502 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29050989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play an important role in numerous natural processes and are increasingly being utilized as environmentally friendly substitutes and alternatives to many common catalysts. Their essential advantages are high catalytic efficiency, substrate specificity, minimal formation of byproducts, and low energy demand. All of these benefits make enzymes highly desirable targets of academic research and industrial development. This review has the modest aim of briefly overviewing the classification, mechanism of action, basic kinetics and reaction condition effects that are common across all six enzyme classes. Special attention is devoted to immobilization strategies as the main tools to improve the resistance to environmental stress factors (temperature, pH and solvents) and prolong the catalytic lifecycle of these biocatalysts. The advantages and drawbacks of methods such as macromolecular crosslinking, solid scaffold carriers, entrapment, and surface modification (covalent and physical) are discussed and illustrated using numerous examples. Among the hundreds and possibly thousands of known and recently discovered enzymes, hydrolases and oxidoreductases are distinguished by their relative availability, stability, and wide use in synthetic applications, which include pharmaceutics, food and beverage treatments, environmental clean-up, and polymerizations. Two representatives of those groups-laccase (an oxidoreductase) and lipase (a hydrolase)-are discussed at length, including their structure, catalytic mechanism, and diverse usage. Objective representation of the current status and emerging trends are provided in the main conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter M Scheibel
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Ioan Pavel Ivanov Gitsov
- Science and Technology, Medtronic Incorporated, 710 Medtronic Parkway, Minneapolis, MN 55432, USA
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York-ESF, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Biomedical and Chemical Engineering Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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11
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Grillo A, Rusconi Y, D’Alterio MC, De Rosa C, Talarico G, Poater A. Ring Opening Polymerization of Six- and Eight-Membered Racemic Cyclic Esters for Biodegradable Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1647. [PMID: 38338928 PMCID: PMC10855523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The low percentage of recyclability of the polymeric materials obtained by olefin transition metal (TM) polymerization catalysis has increased the interest in their substitution with more eco-friendly materials with reliable physical and mechanical properties. Among the variety of known biodegradable polymers, linear aliphatic polyesters produced by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters occupy a prominent position. The polymer properties are highly dependent on the macromolecule microstructure, and the control of stereoselectivity is necessary for providing materials with precise and finely tuned properties. In this review, we aim to outline the main synthetic routes, the physical properties and also the applications of three commercially available biodegradable materials: Polylactic acid (PLA), Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) (PLGA), and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB), all of three easily accessible via ROP. In this framework, understanding the origin of enantioselectivity and the factors that determine it is then crucial for the development of materials with suitable thermal and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Grillo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Yolanda Rusconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Massimo Christian D’Alterio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio De Rosa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
| | - Giovanni Talarico
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy; (A.G.); (Y.R.); (M.C.D.); (C.D.R.); (G.T.)
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, 80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, 17003 Girona, Spain
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12
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Züblin P, Zeller A, Moulis C, Remaud-Simeon M, Yao Y, Mezzenga R. Expanding the Enzymatic Polymerization Landscape by Lipid Mesophase Soft Nanoconfinement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202312880. [PMID: 37962302 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Soft nanoconfinement can increase chemical reactivity in nature and has therefore led to considerable interest in transferring this universal feature to artificial biological systems. However, little is known about the underlying principles of soft nanoconfinement responsible for the enhancement of biochemical reactions. Herein we demonstrate how enzymatic polymerization can be expanded, optimized, and engineered when carried out under soft nanoconfinement mediated by lipidic mesophases. By systematically varying the water content in the mesophase and thus the diameter of the confined water nanochannels, we show higher efficiency, turnover rate, and degrees of polymerization as compared to the bulk aqueous solution, all controlled by soft nanoconfinement effects. Furthermore, we exploit the unique properties of unfreezing soft nanoconfined water to perform the first enzymatic polymerization at -20 °C in pure aqueous media. These results underpin lipidic mesophases as a versatile host system for chemical reactions and promote them as an original and unexplored platform for enzymatic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Züblin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Zeller
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claire Moulis
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Av. de Rangueil, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Magali Remaud-Simeon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 135 Av. de Rangueil, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Yang Yao
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Mezzenga
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 10, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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13
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Rashid H, Lucas H, Busse K, Kressler J, Mäder K, Trutschel ML. Development of Poly(sorbitol adipate)- g-poly(ethylene glycol) Mono Methyl Ether-Based Hydrogel Matrices for Model Drug Release. Gels 2023; 10:17. [PMID: 38247740 PMCID: PMC10815636 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels were prepared by Steglich esterification and by crosslinking pre-synthesized poly(sorbitol adipate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether (PSA-g-mPEG) using different-chain-length-based disuccinyl PEG. PSA and PSA-g-mPEG were investigated for polymer degradation as a function of time at different temperatures. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then evaluated for their most crucial properties of swelling that rendered them suitable for many pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Hydrogels were also examined for their Sol-Gel content in order to investigate the degree of cross-linking. Physical structural parameters of the hydrogels were theoretically estimated using the modified Flory-Rehner theory to obtain approximate values of polymer volume fraction, the molecular weight between two crosslinks, and the mesh size of the hydrogels. X-ray diffraction was conducted to detect the presence or absence of crystalline regions in the hydrogels. PSA-g-mPEG hydrogels were then extensively examined for higher and lower molecular weight solute release through analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the hydrogels was also investigated using a resazurin reduction assay. Experimental results show that PSA-g-mPEG provides an option as a biocompatible polymer to be used for pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrike Lucas
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Busse
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Trutschel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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14
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Kaur K, Murphy CM. Advances in the Development of Nano-Engineered Mechanically Robust Hydrogels for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Bone Defects. Gels 2023; 9:809. [PMID: 37888382 PMCID: PMC10606921 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Injectable hydrogels were discovered as attractive materials for bone tissue engineering applications given their outstanding biocompatibility, high water content, and versatile fabrication platforms into materials with different physiochemical properties. However, traditional hydrogels suffer from weak mechanical strength, limiting their use in heavy load-bearing areas. Thus, the fabrication of mechanically robust injectable hydrogels that are suitable for load-bearing environments is of great interest. Successful material design for bone tissue engineering requires an understanding of the composition and structure of the material chosen, as well as the appropriate selection of biomimetic natural or synthetic materials. This review focuses on recent advancements in materials-design considerations and approaches to prepare mechanically robust injectable hydrogels for bone tissue engineering applications. We outline the materials-design approaches through a selection of materials and fabrication methods. Finally, we discuss unmet needs and current challenges in the development of ideal materials for bone tissue regeneration and highlight emerging strategies in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulwinder Kaur
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ciara M. Murphy
- Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy & Regenerative Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland;
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
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15
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Sreedharan S, Nair V, Cisneros-Zevallos L. Protective Role of Phenolic Compounds from Whole Cardamom ( Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) against LPS-Induced Inflammation in Colon and Macrophage Cells. Nutrients 2023; 15:2965. [PMID: 37447289 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical profiling of phenolic and terpenoid compounds in whole cardamom, skin, and seeds (Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton) showed 11 phenolics and 16 terpenoids, many of which are reported for the first time. Herein, we report the anti-inflammatory properties of a methanolic extract of whole cardamom in colon and macrophage cells stimulated with an inflammatory bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that cardamom extracts lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory genes NFkβ, TNFα, IL-6, and COX2 in colon cells by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) while not affecting LXRα. In macrophages, cardamom extracts lowered the expression of pro-inflammatory genes NFkβ, TNFα, IL-6, and COX2 and decreased NO levels through a reduction in ROS and enhanced gene expression of nuclear receptors LXRα and PPARγ. The cardamom extracts in a range of 200-800 μg/mL did not show toxicity effects in colon or macrophage cells. The whole-cardamom methanolic extracts contained high levels of phenolics compounds (e.g., protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, and 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, among others) and are likely responsible for the anti-inflammatory and multifunctional effects observed in this study. The generated information suggests that cardamom may play a protective role against low-grade inflammation that can be the basis of future in vivo studies using mice models of inflammation and associated chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareena Sreedharan
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
| | - Vimal Nair
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
| | - Luis Cisneros-Zevallos
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2133, USA
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16
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Söyüt H, Kolcu F, Kaya İ, Yaşar AÖ. Influence of the enzymatic and the chemical oxidative polymerization of trifluoromethyl‐substituted aromatic diamine on thermal and photophysical properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Söyüt
- Bursa Uludağ University Faculty of Education, Department of Basic Education Bursa Turkey
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Feyza Kolcu
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
- Lapseki Vocational School, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Turkey
| | - İsmet Kaya
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Alper Ömer Yaşar
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Chemistry, Polymer Synthesis and Analysis Lab Çanakkale Turkey
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17
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Dilek Şenol Bahçeci, Neslihan Demir. Investigation of Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Activities of Water-Soluble Polymer with Horseradish Peroxidase Enzyme. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422700488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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18
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Cruz RMS, Krauter V, Krauter S, Agriopoulou S, Weinrich R, Herbes C, Scholten PBV, Uysal-Unalan I, Sogut E, Kopacic S, Lahti J, Rutkaite R, Varzakas T. Bioplastics for Food Packaging: Environmental Impact, Trends and Regulatory Aspects. Foods 2022; 11:3087. [PMID: 36230164 PMCID: PMC9563026 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand to develop and produce eco-friendly alternatives for food packaging is increasing. The huge negative impact that the disposal of so-called "single-use plastics" has on the environment is propelling the market to search for new solutions, and requires initiatives to drive faster responses from the scientific community, the industry, and governmental bodies for the adoption and implementation of new materials. Bioplastics are an alternative group of materials that are partly or entirely produced from renewable sources. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. This review presents the different properties of these materials, mechanisms of biodegradation, and their environmental impact, but also presents a holistic overview of the most important bioplastics available in the market and their potential application for food packaging, consumer perception of the bioplastics, regulatory aspects, and future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui M S Cruz
- Department of Food Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Campus da Penha, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development and CHANGE-Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Victoria Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Krauter
- Packaging and Resource Management, Department Applied Life Sciences, FH Campus Wien, University of Applied Sciences, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ramona Weinrich
- Department of Consumer Behaviour in the Bioeconomy, University of Hohenheim, Wollgrasweg 49, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Herbes
- Institute for International Research on Sustainable Management and Renewable Energy, Nuertingen Geislingen University, Neckarsteige 6-10, 72622 Nuertingen, Germany
| | - Philip B V Scholten
- Bloom Biorenewables, Route de l'Ancienne Papeterie 106, 1723 Marly, Switzerland
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- CiFOOD-Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ece Sogut
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Food Engineering, Suleyman Demirel University, 32200 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Samir Kopacic
- Institute for Bioproducts and Paper Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johanna Lahti
- Sustainable Products and Materials, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Visiokatu 4, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Ramune Rutkaite
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd 19, 50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Theodoros Varzakas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
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19
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Bahçeci DŞ, Demir N, Kocaeren AA. Biological Activity and Optical Sensor Properties of Green Synthesis Polymer. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Şenol Bahçeci
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Clothing Manufacturing Technology Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Neslihan Demir
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol Çanakkale Turkey
| | - Aysel Aydın Kocaeren
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Department of Mathematics and Science Education Faculty of Education Çanakkale Turkey
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20
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Yan X, Liu X, Yu LP, Wu F, Jiang XR, Chen GQ. Biosynthesis of diverse α,ω-diol-derived polyhydroxyalkanoates by engineered Halomonas bluephagenesis. Metab Eng 2022; 72:275-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Wei M, Inoue T, Hsu YI, Sung MH, Fukuoka T, Kobayashi S, Uyama H. Preparation of pH-Responsive Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Hydrogels by Enzymatic Cross-Linking. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:551-559. [PMID: 35103468 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive hydrogels are important for oral drug release applications, and they are increasingly demanded to reduce the adverse side effects of drug release and improve drug absorption. In this study, a new type of pH-responsive hydrogel comprised of poly(γ-glutamic acid) modified with tyramine (PGA-Tyr) was developed through enzymatic cross-linking in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The gelation rate, stiffness, swelling behavior, and pore size of the resulting hydrogels were tuned by changing the concentrations of HRP and H2O2 or the degree of substitution (DS) of PGA-Tyr. The pH responsiveness of the hydrogels was evaluated by the swelling ratio in solutions with various pH values, and their pH responsiveness exhibited a good reversibility in pH 2.0 and 7.0 solutions. The degradation rate of the hydrogels in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) was faster than that in simulated gastric fluid (SGF). Moreover, indomethacin (IM), a hydrophobic drug model, was encapsulated in the hydrogels by rapid in situ gelation, and the pH-dependent drug release of IM-loaded hydrogels was achieved in SGF and SIF. Importantly, when IM was entrapped in pluronic F-127 to form drug micelles, the burst release of the IM-micelle-loaded hydrogels with a high DS of PGA-Tyr was remarkably decreased in SGF, and sustained drug release was presented in SIF. Thus, pH-responsive PGA-based hydrogels have tremendous promise for biomedical applications, especially oral drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomonori Inoue
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yu-I Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Moon-Hee Sung
- Department of Advanced Fermentation Fusion Science and Technology, Kookmin University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea
| | - Tokuma Fukuoka
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.,Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shiro Kobayashi
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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22
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Ullah A, Lim SI. Bioinspired tunable hydrogels: An update on methods of preparation, classification, and biomedical and therapeutic applications. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121368. [PMID: 34896566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels exhibit water-insoluble three-dimensional polymeric networks capable of absorbing large amounts of biological fluids. Both natural and synthetic polymers are used for the preparation of hydrogel networks. Such polymeric networks are fabricated through chemical or physical mechanisms of crosslinking. Chemical crosslinking is accomplished mainly through covalent bonding, while physical crosslinking involves self-healing secondary forces like H-bonding, host-guest interactions, and antigen-antibody interactions. The building blocks of the hydrogels play an important role in determining the mechanical, biological, and physicochemical properties. Hydrogels are used in a variety of biomedical applications like diagnostics (biodetection and bioimaging), delivery of therapeutics (drugs, immunotherapeutics, and vaccines), wound dressing and skin materials, cardiac complications, contact lenses, tissue engineering, and cell culture because of the inherent characteristics like enhanced water uptake and structural similarity with the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review highlights the recent trends and advances in the roles of hydrogels in biomedical and therapeutic applications. We also discuss the classification and methods of hydrogels preparation. A brief outlook on the future directions of hydrogels is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Ullah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sung In Lim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Enzymatic Poly(octamethylene suberate) Synthesis by a Two-Step Polymerization Method Based on the New Greener Polymer-5B Technology. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a new two-step enzymatic polymerization strategy for the synthesis of poly(octamethylene suberate) (POS) using an immobilized Pseudozyma antarctica lipase B (IMM-PBLI). The strategy overcomes the lack of enzymatic POS synthesis in solvent-free systems and increases the final polymer molecular weight. In the first step, the direct polycondensation of suberic acid and 1,8-octanediol was catalyzed by IMM-PBLI at 45 °C, leading to the production of prepolymers with molecular weights (MWs) of 2800, 3400, and 4900 g mol−1 after 8 h in miniemulsion, water, and an organic solvent (cyclohexane: tetrahydrofuran 5:1 v/v), respectively. In the second polymerization step, wet prepolymers were incubated at 60 or 80 °C, at atmospheric pressure, in the presence of IMM-PBLI, and without stirring. The final POS polymers showed a significant increase in MW to 5000, 5800, and 19,800 g mol−1 (previously synthesized in miniemulsion, water, or organic solvent, respectively). FTIR analysis of the final polymers confirmed the successful POS synthesis and a high degree of monomer conversion. This innovative two-step polymerization strategy opens up a new opportunity for implementing greener and more environmentally friendly processes for synthesizing biodegradable polyesters.
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24
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Martínez Cutillas A, Leon Cabanillas S, Oh S, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Enzymatic recycling of polymacrolactones. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01721g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of renewable monomers to make new polyesters which could replace the ones obtained from petrochemical resources employing green processes is a big concern in these days. With this...
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25
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Abe S, Yamamoto K, Kadokawa JI. Hydrophobic polysaccharides: Partially 2‐deoxygenated amyloses. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Abe
- Kagoshima University: Kagoshima Daigaku Graduate School of Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | - Kazuya Yamamoto
- Kagoshima University: Kagoshima Daigaku Graduate School of Scinece and Engineering JAPAN
| | - Jun-ichi Kadokawa
- Kagoshima University: Kagoshima Daigaku Graduate School of Science and Engineering Korimoto 890-0065 Kagoshima JAPAN
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26
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Elham Badali, Hosseini M, Mohajer M, Hassanzadeh S, Saghati S, Hilborn J, Khanmohammadi M. Enzymatic Crosslinked Hydrogels for Biomedical Application. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x22030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Ali Bilici, Çogal Y, Geçibesler İH, Kaya İ. Enzyme Catalyzed Synthesis of Water Soluble Mesalazine Oligomers and Evaluation of their Efficiency in Polypropylene Stabilization. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421060051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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28
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Comparative study on oxidative and enzyme catalyzed oxidative polymerization of aminophenol compound containing dihalogen. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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29
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Poly(butylene succinate- co-ε-caprolactone) Copolyesters: Enzymatic Synthesis in Bulk and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162679. [PMID: 34451219 PMCID: PMC8401440 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores for the first time the enzymatic synthesis of poly(butylene-co-ε-caprolactone) (PBSCL) copolyesters in bulk using commercially available monomers (dimethyl succinate (DMS), 1,4-butanediol (BD), and ε-caprolactone (CL)). A preliminary kinetic study was carried out which demonstrated the higher reactivity of DMS over CL in the condensation/ring opening polymerization reaction, catalyzed by Candida antarctica lipase B. PBSCL copolyesters were obtained with high molecular weights and a random microstructure, as determined by 13C NMR. They were thermally stable up to 300 °C, with thermal stability increasing with the content of CL in the copolyester. All of them were semicrystalline, with melting temperatures and enthalpies decreasing up to the eutectic point observed at intermediate compositions, and glass transition temperatures decreasing with the content of CL in the copolyester. The use of CALB provided copolyesters free from toxic metallic catalyst, which is very useful if the polymer is intended to be used for biomedical applications.
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30
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Shahrokhinia A, Biswas P, Reuther JF. Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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31
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Hevilla V, Sonseca A, Echeverría C, Muñoz-Bonilla A, Fernández-García M. Enzymatic Synthesis of Polyesters and Their Bioapplications: Recent Advances and Perspectives. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100156. [PMID: 34231313 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the most important advances in the enzymatic synthesis of polyesters. In first place, the different processes of polyester enzymatic synthesis, i.e., polycondensation, ring opening, and chemoenzymatic polymerizations, and the key parameters affecting these reactions, such as enzyme, concentration, solvent, or temperature, are analyzed. Then, the latest articles on the preparation of polyesters either by direct synthesis or via modification are commented. Finally, the main bioapplications of enzymatically obtained polyesters, i.e., antimicrobial, drug delivery, or tissue engineering, are described. It is intended to point out the great advantages that enzymatic polymerization present to obtain polymers and the disadvantages found to develop applied materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Hevilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Agueda Sonseca
- Instituto de Tecnología de Materiales, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Coro Echeverría
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Alexandra Muñoz-Bonilla
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-García
- MacroEng Group, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, Madrid, 28006, Spain.,Interdisciplinary Platform for "Sustainable Plastics towards a Circular Economy" (SUSPLAST-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain
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Sophorolipid-Based Oligomers as Polyol Components for Polyurethane Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13122001. [PMID: 34207206 PMCID: PMC8234575 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to reasons of sustainability and conservation of resources, polyurethane (PU)-based systems with preferably neutral carbon footprints are in increased focus of research and development. The proper design and development of bio-based polyols are of particular interest since such polyols may have special property profiles that allow the novel products to enter new applications. Sophorolipids (SL) represent a bio-based toolbox for polyol building blocks to yield diverse chemical products. For a reasonable evaluation of the potential for PU chemistry, however, further investigations in terms of synthesis, derivatization, reproducibility, and reactivity towards isocyanates are required. It was demonstrated that SL can act as crosslinker or as plasticizer in PU systems depending on employed stoichiometry. (ω-1)-hydroxyl fatty acids can be derived from SL and converted successively to polyester polyols and PU. Additionally, (ω-1)-hydroxyl fatty acid azides can be prepared indirectly from SL and converted to A/B type PU by Curtius rearrangement.
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Nikulin M, Švedas V. Prospects of Using Biocatalysis for the Synthesis and Modification of Polymers. Molecules 2021; 26:2750. [PMID: 34067052 PMCID: PMC8124709 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the dynamically developing application of biocatalysis for the synthesis and modification of polymers over the past 5 years are considered, with an emphasis on the production of biodegradable, biocompatible and functional polymeric materials oriented to medical applications. The possibilities of using enzymes not only as catalysts for polymerization but also for the preparation of monomers for polymerization or oligomers for block copolymerization are considered. Special attention is paid to the prospects and existing limitations of biocatalytic production of new synthetic biopolymers based on natural compounds and monomers from biomass, which can lead to a huge variety of functional biomaterials. The existing experience and perspectives for the integration of bio- and chemocatalysis in this area are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maksim Nikulin
- Belozersky Institute of Physicochemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Vytas Švedas
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 73, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Research Computing Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills 1, bldg. 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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34
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Achievements and Trends in Biocatalytic Synthesis of Specialty Polymers from Biomass-Derived Monomers Using Lipases. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
New technologies for the conversion of biomass into high-value chemicals, including polymers and plastics, is a must and a challenge. The development of green processes in the last decade involved a continuous increase of the interest towards the synthesis of polymers using in vitro biocatalysis. Among the remarkable diversity of new bio-based polymeric products meeting the criteria of sustainability, biocompatibility, and eco-friendliness, a wide range of polyesters with shorter chain length were obtained and characterized, targeting biomedical and cosmetic applications. In this review, selected examples of such specialty polymers are presented, highlighting the recent developments concerning the use of lipases, mostly in immobilized form, for the green synthesis of ε-caprolactone co-polymers, polyesters with itaconate or furan units, estolides, and polyesteramides. The significant process parameters influencing the average molecular weights and other characteristics are discussed, revealing the advantages and limitations of biocatalytic processes for the synthesis of these bio-based polymers.
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35
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Liu X, Wang L, Gitsov I. Novel Amphiphilic Dendronized Copolymers Formed by Enzyme-Mediated "Green" Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:1706-1720. [PMID: 33684291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first enzyme-mediated polymerization of dendritic macromonomers. The enzyme substrates are prepared by "click" conjugation between tyrosine and hydrophilic triethylene glycol (TrEG)-based dendrons of three generations (G1, G2, and G3). The resulting enzyme-polymerizable dendrons are defect-free as revealed by mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography, and spectroscopic techniques. The phenol-containing macromonomers are water soluble and their polymerizations into dendronized polymers (denpols) are catalyzed by laccase (an oxidoreductase) under benign conditions (45 °C and aqueous medium at pH = 4.0) with copolymer yields between 30 and 40%. The resulting denpols consist of unnatural poly(tyrosine) backbones and dendritic poly(ether-ester) side chains and have molecular masses up to ∼13 000 Da (generation 1), ∼20 000 Da (generation 2), and ∼36 000 Da (generation 3) determined by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses. They display amphiphilic properties and self-assemble in aqueous solutions to form aggregates with generation-dependent morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,State Grid Corporation Joint Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering Materials (SDEPC), State Grid Shandong Electric Power Research Institute, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,Department of Pharmacy, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
| | - Ivan Gitsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States.,The Michael M. Szwarc Polymer Research Institute, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210, United States
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36
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Skoczinski P, Espinoza Cangahuala MK, Maniar D, Loos K. Enzymatic transesterification of urethane-bond containing ester. Colloid Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere we demonstrate the feasibility and successful application of enzymes in polyurethane network synthesis as well as occurring hurdles that have to be addressed when using urethanes synthesis substrates. The enzymatic transesterification of an urethane-bond containing monofunctional ester and a model alcohol carbitol using lipases is discussed. The reaction is optimized in terms of transesterification time and temperature, the reaction solvent, the possibility of a cosolvent and the alcohol amount, the used transesterification environment, and the biocatalyst. Enzymatic cross-linking of polyurethanes can open up a pool of new possibilities for cross-linking and related polyurethane network properties due to the enzymes high enantio-, stereo-, and regioselectivity and broad substrate spectrum.
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37
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Rashid H, Golitsyn Y, Bilal MH, Mäder K, Reichert D, Kressler J. Polymer Networks Synthesized from Poly(Sorbitol Adipate) and Functionalized Poly(Ethylene Glycol). Gels 2021; 7:22. [PMID: 33672681 PMCID: PMC8006044 DOI: 10.3390/gels7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer networks were prepared by Steglich esterification using poly(sorbitol adipate) (PSA) and poly(sorbitol adipate)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol) mono methyl ether (PSA-g-mPEG12) copolymer. Utilizing multi-hydroxyl functionalities of PSA, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was first grafted onto a PSA backbone. Then the cross-linking of PSA or PSA-g-mPEG12 was carried out with disuccinyl PEG of different molar masses (Suc-PEGn-Suc). Polymers were characterized through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degree of swelling of networks was investigated through water (D2O) uptake studies, while for detailed examination of their structural dynamics, networks were studied using 13C magic angle spinning NMR (13C MAS NMR) spectroscopy, 1H double quantum NMR (1H DQ NMR) spectroscopy, and 1H pulsed field gradient NMR (1H PFG NMR) spectroscopy. These solid state NMR results revealed that the networks were composed of a two component structure, having different dipolar coupling constants. The diffusion of solvent molecules depended on the degree of swelling that was imparted to the network by the varying chain length of the PEG based cross-linking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Rashid
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.R.); (M.H.B.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Department of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Muhammad Humayun Bilal
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.R.); (M.H.B.)
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Detlef Reichert
- Department of Physics, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (Y.G.); (D.R.)
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (H.R.); (M.H.B.)
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38
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Biocatalytic Approach for Novel Functional Oligoesters of ε-Caprolactone and Malic Acid. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocatalysis has developed in the last decades as a major tool for green polymer synthesis. The particular ability of lipases to catalyze the synthesis of novel polymeric materials has been demonstrated for a large range of substrates. In this work, novel functional oligoesters were synthesized from ε-caprolactone and D,L/L-malic acid by a green and sustainable route, using two commercially available immobilized lipases as catalysts. The reactions were carried out at different molar ratios of the comonomers in organic solvents, but the best results were obtained in solvent-free systems. Linear and cyclic oligomeric products with average molecular weights of about 1500 Da were synthesized, and the formed oligoesters were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis. The oligoester synthesis was not enantioselective in the studied reaction conditions. The operational stability of both biocatalysts (Novozyme 435 and GF-CalB-IM) was excellent after reutilization in 13 batch reaction cycles. The thermal properties of the reaction products were investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The presence of polar pendant groups in the structure of these oligomers could widen the possible applications compared to the oligomers of ε-caprolactone or allow the conversion to other functional materials.
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Li J, Jia X, Yin L. Hydrogel: Diversity of Structures and Applications in Food Science. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1858313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Jia
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lijun Yin
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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40
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Ahmadian M, Khoshfetrat AB, Khatami N, Morshedloo F, Rahbarghazi R, Hassani A, Kiani S. Influence of gelatin and collagen incorporation on peroxidase-mediated injectable pectin-based hydrogel and bioactivity of fibroblasts. J Biomater Appl 2020; 36:179-190. [PMID: 33302758 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220977601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pectin has recently attracted increasing attention for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Due to the lack of adhesion molecules in polysaccharides, phenolic hydroxyl conjugated gelatin was added to enzymatically-gellable peroxidase-modified pectin derivative and compared with phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/collagen. Both pectin and gelatin were modified by tyramine hydrochloride in the presence of EDC/NHS. The phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin, phenolic hydroxyl-pectin/collagen, and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin hydrogels were prepared using horseradish peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogels were characterized by gelation time analysis. Morphology, enzymatic biodegradation, mechanical and swelling properties as well as water vapor transmission rate were also evaluated. Fibroblasts were cultured for 7 days, and the survival rate was evaluated using conventional MTT assay. Hydrogels composed of Ph-pectin/Ph-gelatin showed decreased biodegradation rate, and WVTR and further improved mechanical performance in comparison with other groups. Both phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/collagen and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin/phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin hydrogels exhibited porous structures. The hydrogels composed of collagen promoted cell survival rate 1.4 and 3.5 times compared to phenolic hydroxyl -gelatin and phenolic hydroxyl -pectin based hydrogels at the end of 7 days, respectively (p < 0.001). The study demonstrated the potential of enzymatically-gellable pectin-based hydrogels as cost-effective frameworks for use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Ahmadian
- Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Neda Khatami
- Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | | | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ayla Hassani
- Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Kiani
- Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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41
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Dubé MA, Gabriel VA, Pakdel AS, Zhang Y. Sustainable polymer reaction engineering: Are we there yet? CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Vida A. Gabriel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Amir S. Pakdel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Ottawa Ottawa Ontario Canada
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42
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Enzymatic synthesis of PEGylated lactide-diester-diol copolyesters for highly efficient targeted anticancer drug delivery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:111125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Alaneed R, Golitsyn Y, Hauenschild T, Pietzsch M, Reichert D, Kressler J. Network formation by
aza‐Michael
addition of primary amines to vinyl end groups of enzymatically synthesized poly(glycerol adipate). POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Razan Alaneed
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Yury Golitsyn
- Department of Physics Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Till Hauenschild
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Markus Pietzsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Detlef Reichert
- Department of Physics Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jörg Kressler
- Department of Chemistry Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
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Abstract
Enzymatic reactions and noncovalent (i.e., supramolecular) interactions are two fundamental nongenetic attributes of life. Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis (ENS) refers to a process where enzymatic reactions control intermolecular noncovalent interactions for spatial organization of higher-order molecular assemblies that exhibit emergent properties and functions. Like enzymatic covalent synthesis (ECS), in which an enzyme catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds to generate individual molecules, ENS is a unifying theme for understanding the functions, morphologies, and locations of molecular ensembles in cellular environments. This review intends to provide a summary of the works of ENS within the past decade and emphasize ENS for functions. After comparing ECS and ENS, we describe a few representative examples where nature uses ENS, as a rule of life, to create the ensembles of biomacromolecules for emergent properties/functions in a myriad of cellular processes. Then, we focus on ENS of man-made (synthetic) molecules in cell-free conditions, classified by the types of enzymes. After that, we introduce the exploration of ENS of man-made molecules in the context of cells by discussing intercellular, peri/intracellular, and subcellular ENS for cell morphogenesis, molecular imaging, cancer therapy, and other applications. Finally, we provide a perspective on the promises of ENS for developing molecular assemblies/processes for functions. This review aims to be an updated introduction for researchers who are interested in exploring noncovalent synthesis for developing molecular science and technologies to address societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Adrianna N Shy
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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45
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Arkenberg MR, Nguyen HD, Lin CC. Recent advances in bio-orthogonal and dynamic crosslinking of biomimetic hydrogels. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7835-7855. [PMID: 32692329 PMCID: PMC7574327 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01429j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, dynamic, 'click' hydrogels have been applied in numerous biomedical applications. Owing to the mild, cytocompatible, and highly specific reaction kinetics, a multitude of orthogonal handles have been developed for fabricating dynamic hydrogels to facilitate '4D' cell culture. The high degree of tunability in crosslinking reactions of orthogonal 'click' chemistry has enabled a bottom-up approach to install specific biomimicry in an artificial extracellular matrix. In addition to click chemistry, highly specific enzymatic reactions are also increasingly used for network crosslinking and for spatiotemporal control of hydrogel properties. On the other hand, covalent adaptable chemistry has been used to recapitulate the viscoelastic component of biological tissues and for formulating self-healing and shear-thinning hydrogels. The common feature of these three classes of chemistry (i.e., orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry) is that they can be carried out under ambient and aqueous conditions, a prerequisite for maintaining cell viability for in situ cell encapsulation and post-gelation modification of network properties. Due to their orthogonality, different chemistries can also be applied sequentially to provide additional biochemical and mechanical control to guide cell behavior. Herein, we review recent advances in the use of orthogonal click chemistry, enzymatic reactions, and covalent adaptable chemistry for the development of dynamically tunable and biomimetic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Arkenberg
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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46
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Thermostable α-Glucan Phosphorylase-Catalyzed Enzymatic Copolymerization to Produce Partially 2-Deoxygenated Amyloses. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucan phosphorylase catalyzes the enzymatic polymerization of α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) monomers from a maltooligosaccharide primer to produce α(1→4)-glucan—i.e., amylose. In this study, by exploiting the weak specificity for the substrate recognition of a thermostable α-glucan phosphorylase (from Aquifex aeolicus VF5), we investigated the enzymatic copolymerization of 2-deoxy-α-d-glucose 1-phosphate (dGlc-1-P), which was produced in situ from d-glucal, with Glc-1-P to obtain non-natural heteropolysaccharides composed of α(1→4)-linked dGlc/Glc units—i.e., partially 2-deoxygenated amylose. The reactions were carried out at different monomer feed ratios using a maltotriose primer at 40 °C for 24 h. The products were precipitated from the reaction medium, isolated by centrifugation, and subjected to 1H NMR spectroscopic and powder X-ray diffraction measurements to evaluate their chemical and crystalline structures, respectively. Owing to its amorphous nature, the partially 2-deoxygenated amylose with adapted unit ratios formed a film when subjected to a casting method.
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47
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Xie P, Fan L, Huang L, Zhang C. Oxidative polymerization of hydroxytyrosol catalyzed by laccase, tyrosinase or horseradish peroxidase: influencing factors and molecular simulations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:5486-5497. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1801512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pujun Xie
- Institute of New Technology of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, JAAS, Nanjing, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization; Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, China
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48
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Wu J, Chen Q, Deng C, Xu B, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Lu T. Exquisite design of injectable Hydrogels in Cartilage Repair. Theranostics 2020; 10:9843-9864. [PMID: 32863963 PMCID: PMC7449920 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage damage is still a threat to human beings, yet there is currently no treatment available to fully restore the function of cartilage. Recently, due to their unique structures and properties, injectable hydrogels have been widely studied and have exhibited high potential for applications in therapeutic areas, especially in cartilage repair. In this review, we briefly introduce the properties of cartilage, some articular cartilage injuries, and now available treatment strategies. Afterwards, we propose the functional and fundamental requirements of injectable hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering, as well as the main advantages of injectable hydrogels as a therapy for cartilage damage, including strong plasticity and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, we comprehensively summarize the polymers, cells, and bioactive molecules regularly used in the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, with two kinds of gelation, i.e., physical and chemical crosslinking, which ensure the excellent design of injectable hydrogels for cartilage repair. We also include novel hybrid injectable hydrogels combined with nanoparticles. Finally, we conclude with the advances of this clinical application and the challenges of injectable hydrogels used in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Life Sciences
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baoping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zeiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education. Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tingli Lu
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Northwestern Polytechnical University School of Life Sciences
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49
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Sun Han Chang RA, Shanley JF, Kersh ME, Harley BAC. Tough and tunable scaffold-hydrogel composite biomaterial for soft-to-hard musculoskeletal tissue interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabb6763. [PMID: 32875114 PMCID: PMC7438087 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb6763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tendon inserts into bone via a fibrocartilaginous interface (enthesis) that reduces mechanical strain and tissue failure. Despite this toughening mechanism, tears occur because of acute (overload) or degradative (aging) processes. Surgically fixating torn tendon into bone results in the formation of a scar tissue interface with inferior biomechanical properties. Progress toward enthesis regeneration requires biomaterial approaches to protect cells from high levels of interfacial strain. We report an innovative tissue reinforcement strategy: a stratified scaffold containing osseous and tendinous tissue compartments attached through a continuous polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel interface. Tuning the gelation kinetics of the hydrogel modulates integration with the flanking compartments and yields biomechanical performance advantages. Notably, the hydrogel interface reduces formation of strain concentrations between tissue compartments in conventional stratified biomaterials that can have deleterious biological effects. This design of mechanically robust stratified composite biomaterials may be appropriate for a broad range of tendon and ligament-to-bone insertions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul A Sun Han Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John F Shanley
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mariana E Kersh
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan A C Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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Mekonnen TH, Behabtu N, Lenges C. Enzymatic polymerization derived engineered polysaccharides as reinforcing fillers of ethylene vinyl acetate composites. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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