1
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Corbet CHWA, van den Bersselaar BWL, de Waal BFM, Reynaerts R, Mali KS, De Feyter S, Jonas AM, Meijer EW, Vantomme G. Self-Assembly of Discrete Oligomers of Naphthalenediimides in Bulk and on Surfaces. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303107. [PMID: 38009432 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on the synthesis of discrete oligomers of alkyl-bridged naphthalenediimides (NDIs) and study their molecular nanostructures both in bulk, in solution, and at the liquid-solid interface. Via an iterative synthesis method, multiple NDI cores were bridged with short and saturated alkyl-diamines (C3 and C12 ) or long and unsaturated alkyl-diamines (u2 C33 to u8 C100 ) at their imide termini. The strong intermolecular interaction between the NDI cores was observed by probing their photophysical properties in solution. In bulk, the discrete NDI oligomers preferentially ordered in lamellar morphologies, irrespective of whether a saturated or unsaturated spacer was employed. Moreover, both the molecular architecture as well as the crystallization conditions play a significant role in the nanoscale ordering. The long unsaturated alkyl chains lead preferably to folded-chain conformations while their saturated analogues form stretched arrangements. At the solution-solid interface, well-defined lamellar regions were observed. These results show that precision in chemical structure alone is not sufficient to reach well-defined structures of discrete oligomers, but that it must be combined with precision in processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan H W A Corbet
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bart W L van den Bersselaar
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas F M de Waal
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Robby Reynaerts
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kunal S Mali
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alain M Jonas
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Bio- and Soft Matter, Université catholique de Louvain-UCLouvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Louvain-la-Neuve, B-1348, Belgium
| | - E W Meijer
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry and RNA Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ghislaine Vantomme
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems and Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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2
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Wang Z, Schaller M, Petzold A, Saalwächter K, Thurn-Albrecht T. How entanglements determine the morphology of semicrystalline polymers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217363120. [PMID: 37379326 PMCID: PMC10319027 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217363120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of polymers from entangled melts generally leads to the formation of semicrystalline materials with a nanoscopic morphology consisting of stacks of alternating crystalline and amorphous layers. The factors controlling the thickness of the crystalline layers are well studied; however, there is no quantitative understanding of the thickness of the amorphous layers. We elucidate the effect of entanglements on the semicrystalline morphology by the use of a series of model blends of high-molecular-weight polymers with unentangled oligomers leading to a reduced entanglement density in the melt as characterized by rheological measurements. Small-angle X-ray scattering experiments after isothermal crystallization reveal a reduced thickness of the amorphous layers, while the crystal thickness remains largely unaffected. We introduce a simple, yet quantitative model without adjustable parameters, according to which the measured thickness of the amorphous layers adjusts itself in such a way that the entanglement concentration reaches a specific maximum value. Furthermore, our model suggests an explanation for the large supercooling that is typically required for crystallization of polymers if entanglements cannot be dissolved during crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefan Wang
- Institut für Physik—Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle06099, Germany
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzen University, 518060, China
| | - Mareen Schaller
- Institut für Physik—Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle06099, Germany
- Institut für Angewandte Materialien, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344Germany
| | - Albrecht Petzold
- Institut für Physik—Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle06099, Germany
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik—Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle06099, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Institut für Physik—Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg, Halle06099, Germany
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3
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Du Y, Zhang Y, Jin J, Xiao S, Liang H, Jiang W. Topology-Directed Self-Locking of Colloidal Suprastructures. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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4
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Ohira M, Nakagawa S, Sampei R, Noritomi T, Sakai T, Shibayama M, Li X. Effects of network junctions and defects on the crystallization of model poly(ethylene glycol) networks. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1653-1663. [PMID: 36756772 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01036d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polymer crystallization drastically changes the physical properties of polymeric materials. However, the crystallization in polymer networks has been little explored. This study investigated the crystallization behavior of a series of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) networks consisting of well-defined branched precursors. The PEG networks were prepared by drying gels synthesized at various conditions. The PEG networks showed slower crystallization with lower final crystallinity than uncrosslinked PEGs with amine end groups. Surprisingly, the effect of network formation was not as significant as that of the relatively bulky end-groups introduced in the uncrosslinked polymer. The molecular weight of the precursor PEG, or equivalently the chain length between neighboring junctions, was the primary parameter that affected the crystallization of the PEG networks. Shorter network chains led to lower crystallization rates and final crystallinity. This effect became less significant as the network chain length increased. On the other hand, the spatial and topological defects formed in the gel synthesis process did not affect the crystallization in the polymer networks at all. The crystallization in the polymer networks seems insensitive to these mesoscopic defects and can be solely controlled by the chain length between junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Ohira
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Shintaro Nakagawa
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Sampei
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takako Noritomi
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Takamasa Sakai
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8685, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Shibayama
- Neutron Science Laboratory, Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Xiang Li
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
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5
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Yang SG, Zhang LQ, Cui J, Zeng XB, Guo B, Liu F, Ungar G. Morphology of Shear-Induced Polymer Cylindrites Revealed by 3D Optical Imaging. Macromolecules 2022; 56:198-206. [PMID: 36644554 PMCID: PMC9835984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon confocal laser microscopy was used to obtain three-dimensional (3D) images of the morphology of poly(lactic acid) after shear-induced crystallization. The necessary fluorescence contrast was achieved by doping the polymer with Nile Red. The dye gets partially rejected from the growing crystalline aggregates during their formation, thus creating a renderable high-low fluorescence boundary outlining the shape of the aggregates. Parallel-plate melt-shearing and pulling a glass fiber through the melt were used as the two methods to achieve shear-induced crystallization. This study focuses on the shape of the resulting cylindrites, i.e., large-diameter shish-kebabs. The first 3D images of polymer cylindrites show that, if far from boundaries, they are circular cylinders, highly regular after fiber pull, but less so after parallel-plate shear. In the latter case, the cylindrite reveals the trajectory of the foreign particle that had nucleated its growth. Interestingly, lateral growth of the cylindrites was found to accelerate toward the sample surface when approaching it, giving the cylindrite an elliptical cross section. Furthermore and surprisingly, in the case of fiber pull, a row of spherulites is nucleated at the polymer-substrate interface nearest to the fiber, aligned along the fiber axis and appearing ahead of the rest of the space-filling spherulites. Both the phenomena, elliptical cylindrites and row of spherulites, are attributed to negative pressure buildup peaking at the cylindrite growth front and at the nearby film surface caused by crystallization-induced volume contraction. The pressure and flow distribution in the system is confirmed by numerical simulation. The results illustrate the value of 3D imaging of crystalline morphology in polymer science and polymer processing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China,
| | - Liang-Qing Zhang
- College
of Material Science and Engineering, Xi’an
University of Science and Technology, Xi’an710054, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Xiang-bing Zeng
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, SheffieldS1 3JD, U.K.
| | - Baolin Guo
- State
Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Frontier Institute
of Science and Technology, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
| | - Goran Ungar
- Shaanxi
International Research Center for Soft Materials, State Key Laboratory
for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi’an
Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China,Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Sheffield, SheffieldS1 3JD, U.K.,;
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6
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Fall WS, Baschnagel J, Lhost O, Meyer H. Role of Short Chain Branching in Crystalline Model Polyethylenes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William S. Fall
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jörg Baschnagel
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Lhost
- Total Research & Technology Feluy, Zone Industrielle Feluy C, B-7181 Seneffe, Belgium
| | - Hendrik Meyer
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg & CNRS, 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
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7
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Zhang R, Fall WS, Hall KW, Gehring GA, Zeng X, Ungar G. Roughening Transition and Quasi-continuous Melting of Monolayers of Ultra-long Alkanes: Why Bulk Polymer Melting Is Strongly First-Order. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - William S. Fall
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
- Institut Charles Sadron, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, UPR 22, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Gillian A. Gehring
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
| | - Goran Ungar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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8
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Quantitatively unravel the effect of chain length heterogeneity on polymer crystallization using discrete oligo l-lactide. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Zhang R, Fall WS, Hall KW, Gehring GA, Zeng X, Ungar G. Quasi-continuous melting of model polymer monolayers prompts reinterpretation of polymer melting. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1710. [PMID: 33731691 PMCID: PMC7969604 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21799-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Condensed matter textbooks teach us that melting cannot be continuous and indeed experience, including with polymers and other long-chain compounds, tells us that it is a strongly first-order transition. However, here we report nearly continuous melting of monolayers of ultralong n-alkane C390H782 on graphite, observed by AFM and reproduced by mean-field theory and MD simulation. On heating, the crystal-melt interface moves steadily and reversibly from chain ends inward. Remarkably, the final melting point is 80 K above that of the bulk, and equilibrium crystallinity decreases continuously from ~100% to <50% prior to final melting. We show that the similarity in melting behavior of polymers and non-polymers is coincidental. In the bulk, the intermediate melting stages of long-chain crystals are forbidden by steric overcrowding at the crystal-liquid interface. However, there is no crowding in a monolayer as chain segments can escape to the third dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - William S Fall
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kyle Wm Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gillian A Gehring
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xiangbing Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Goran Ungar
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Shaanxi International Research Centre for Soft Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Dave F, Ali MM, Sherlock R, Kandasami A, Tormey D. Laser Transmission Welding of Semi-Crystalline Polymers and Their Composites: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:675. [PMID: 33668125 PMCID: PMC7956557 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review provides an overview of the current status and future perspectives of one of the smart manufacturing techniques of Industry 4.0, laser transmission welding (LTW) of semi-crystalline (SC) polymers and their composites. It is one of the most versatile techniques used to join polymeric components with varying thickness and configuration using a laser source. This article focuses on various parameters and phenomena such as inter-diffusion and microstructural changes that occur due to the laser interaction with SC polymers (specifically polypropylene). The effect of carbon black (size, shape, structure, thermal conductivity, dispersion, distribution, etc.) in the laser absorptive part and nucleating agent in the laser transmissive part and its processing conditions impacting the weld strength is discussed in detail. Among the laser parameters, laser power, scanning speed and clamping pressure are considered to be the most critical. This review also highlights innovative ideas such as incorporating metal as an absorber in the laser absorptive part, hybrid carbon black, dual clamping device, and an increasing number of scans and patterns. Finally, there is presented an overview of the essential characterisation techniques that help to determine the weld quality. This review demonstrates that LTW has excellent potential in polymer joining applications and the challenges including the cost-effectiveness, innovative ideas to provide state-of-the-art design and fabrication of complex products in a wide range of applications. This work will be of keen interest to other researchers and practitioners who are involved in the welding of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foram Dave
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ali
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Richard Sherlock
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Asokan Kandasami
- Materials Science Group, Inter-University Accelerator Centre, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India; or
| | - David Tormey
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland; (F.D.); (M.M.A.)
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM) Centre, Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
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11
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12
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Raman Spectroscopy Study of Structurally Uniform Hydrogenated Oligomers of α-Olefins. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12092153. [PMID: 32967332 PMCID: PMC7570275 DOI: 10.3390/polym12092153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The expansion of the range of physico-chemical methods in the study of industrially significant α-olefin oligomers and polymers is of particular interest. In our article, we present a comparative Raman study of structurally uniform hydrogenated dimers, trimers, tetramers, and pentamers of 1-hexene and 1-octene, that are attractive as bases for freeze-resistant engine oils and lubricants. We found out that the joint monitoring of the disorder longitudinal acoustic mode (D-LAM) and symmetric C–C stretching modes allows the quantitative characterization of the number and length of alkyl chains (i.e., two structural characteristics), upon which the pour point and viscosity of the hydrocarbons depend, and to distinguish these compounds from both each other and linear alkanes. We demonstrated that the ratio of the contents of CH2 and CH3 groups in these hydrocarbons can be determined by using the intensities of the bands in the spectra, related to the asymmetric stretching vibrations of these groups. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were applied to reveal the relations between the wavenumber and bandshape of the symmetric C–C stretching mode and a conformation arrangement of the 1-hexene and 1-octene dimers. We found that the branched double-chain conformation results in the splitting of the C–C mode into two components with the wavenumbers, which can be used as a measure of the length of branches. This conformation is preferable to the extended-chain conformation for hydrogenated 1-hexene and 1-octene dimers.
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13
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Yuan S, Schmidt-Rohr K. Immobilized 13C-labeled polyether chain ends confined to the crystallite surface detected by advanced NMR. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabc0059. [PMID: 32917712 PMCID: PMC7486094 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approach for characterizing the location of chain ends of polyethers and polyesters, at the crystallite surface or in the amorphous layers, is presented. The OH chain ends of polyoxymethylene are labeled with 13COO-acetyl groups and their dynamics probed by 13C NMR with chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) recoupling. At least three-quarters of the chain ends are not mobile dangling cilia but are immobilized, exhibiting a powder pattern characteristic of the crystalline environment and fast CSA dephasing. The location and clustering of the immobilized chain ends are analyzed by spin diffusion. Fast 1H spin diffusion from the amorphous regions shows confinement of chain ends to the crystallite surface, corroborated by fast 13C spin exchange between chain ends. These observations confirm the principle of avoidance of density anomalies, which requires that chains terminate at the crystallite surface to stay out of the crowded interfacial layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichen Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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14
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Local Effects of Ring Topology Observed in Polymer Conformation and Dynamics by Neutron Scattering-A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12091884. [PMID: 32825628 PMCID: PMC7563567 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical properties of polymers depend on a range of both structural and chemical parameters, and in particular, on molecular topology. Apparently simple changes such as joining chains at a point to form stars or simply joining the two ends to form a ring can profoundly alter molecular conformation and dynamics, and hence properties. Cyclic polymers, as they do not have free ends, represent the simplest model system where reptation is completely suppressed. As a consequence, there exists a considerable literature and several reviews focused on high molecular weight cyclics where long range dynamics described by the reptation model comes into play. However, this is only one area of interest. Consideration of the conformation and dynamics of rings and chains, and of their mixtures, over molecular weights ranging from tens of repeat units up to and beyond the onset of entanglements and in both solution and melts has provided a rich literature for theory and simulation. Experimental work, particularly neutron scattering, has been limited by the difficulty of synthesizing well-characterized ring samples, and deuterated analogues. Here in the context of the broader literature we review investigations of local conformation and dynamics of linear and cyclic polymers, concentrating on poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) and covering a wide range of generally less high molar masses. Experimental data from small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), including Neutron Spin Echo (NSE), are compared to theory and computational predictions.
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15
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Marxsen SF, Häuβler M, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Isothermal step thickening in a long-spaced aliphatic polyester. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Chai Y, Ma X, Jiang Y, Xiao D, Xue M. Realizing Long‐Range Orientational Order in Conjugated Polymers via Solventless Polymerization Strategy. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Chai
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xinlei Ma
- Department of ChemistryRenmin University of China Beijing 100872 China
| | - Yuqian Jiang
- Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchy FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology Beijing 100190 China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Mianqi Xue
- Technical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Beijing 100190 China
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17
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Hall KW, Sirk TW, Percec S, Klein ML, Shinoda W. Monodisperse Polymer Melts Crystallize via Structurally Polydisperse Nanoscale Clusters: Insights from Polyethylene. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E447. [PMID: 32074962 PMCID: PMC7077701 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that monodisperse entangled polymer melts crystallize via the formation of nanoscale nascent polymer crystals (i.e., nuclei) that exhibit substantial variability in terms of their constituent crystalline polymer chain segments (stems). More specifically, large-scale coarse-grain molecular simulations are used to quantify the evolution of stem length distributions and their properties during the formation of polymer nuclei in supercooled prototypical polyethylene melts. Stems can adopt a range of lengths within an individual nucleus (e.g., ∼1-10 nm) while two nuclei of comparable size can have markedly different stem distributions. As such, the attainment of chemically monodisperse polymer specimens is not sufficient to achieve physical uniformity and consistency. Furthermore, stem length distributions and their evolution indicate that polymer crystal nucleation (i.e., the initial emergence of a nascent crystal) is phenomenologically distinct from crystal growth. These results highlight that the tailoring of polymeric materials requires strategies for controlling polymer crystal nucleation and growth at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Wm. Hall
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Timothy W. Sirk
- U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005, USA;
| | - Simona Percec
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
| | - Michael L. Klein
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; (S.P.); (M.L.K.)
- Institute for Computational Molecular Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Wataru Shinoda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;
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18
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Extended-chain crystallization and stereocomplex formation of polylactides in a Langmuir monolayer. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Zhang L, Zhao G, Wang G. Investigation on the influence of fold conformation on PLLA lamellar splaying by film crystallization in supercritical CO2. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce01903k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lamellar splaying is an important non-crystallographic phenomenon in polymer spherulite. We prepared three chain conformations (extended, tight-folded and loose-folded) by supercritical CO2 to discuss the origin of lamellar splaying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Guoqun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
| | - Guilong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- PR China
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20
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Majumder S, Reiter R, Xu J, Reiter G. Controlling the Growth of Stacks of Correlated Lamellar Crystals of a Block Copolymer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Majumder
- Experimental Polymer Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Renate Reiter
- Experimental Polymer Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Günter Reiter
- Experimental Polymer Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, Freiburg 79104, Germany
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21
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Yang SG, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Xu JZ, Li ZM. Role of lamellar thickening in thick lamellae formation in isotactic polypropylene when crystallizing under flow and pressure. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Zhang X, Zuo X, Ortmann P, Mecking S, Alamo RG. Crystallization of Long-Spaced Precision Polyacetals I: Melting and Recrystallization of Rapidly Formed Crystallites. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Patrick Ortmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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23
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Wang S, Yuan S, Wang K, Chen W, Yamada K, Barkley D, Koga T, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Intramolecular and Intermolecular Packing in Polymer Crystallization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Film, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Koji Yamada
- Advanced Processing Technology Unit, Research Center, Toyobo Co., Ltd. 2-1-1 Katata, Otsu, Shiga 520-0292, Japan
| | | | | | - You-lee Hong
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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24
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25
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Sun H, Yu DM, Shi S, Yuan Q, Fujinami S, Sun X, Wang D, Russell TP. Configurationally Constrained Crystallization of Brush Polymers with Poly(ethylene oxide) Side Chains. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duk Man Yu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | | | | | - So Fujinami
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | | | | | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Advanced Institute of Materials Research (AIMR), Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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26
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Wang S, Yuan S, Chen W, Zhou Y, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Structural Unit of Polymer Crystallization in Dilute Solution As Studied by Solid-State NMR and 13C Isotope Labeling. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Shichen Yuan
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Study, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- RIKEN CLST-JEOL Collaboration Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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27
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Yang SG, Li Y, Lei J, Zhong GJ, Li ZM. Oriented Polar Crystals in Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Produced by Simultaneously Applying Pressure and Flow. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Gui Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Jun Lei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Gan-Ji Zhong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Zhong-Ming Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610065 China
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28
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Arrighi V, Gagliardi S, Ganazzoli F, Higgins JS, Raffaini G, Tanchawanich J, Taylor J, Telling MTF. Effect of Chain Length and Topological Constraints on Segmental Relaxation in Cyclic PDMS. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Arrighi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Simona Gagliardi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Ganazzoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Julia S. Higgins
- Chemical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington
Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppina Raffaini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, via L. Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Jeerachada Tanchawanich
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Taylor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. F. Telling
- ISIS, Rutherford
Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQX, United Kingdom
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
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29
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Iyer K, Muthukumar M. Langevin dynamics simulation of crystallization of ring polymers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:244904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Iyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Murugappan Muthukumar
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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30
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Zhang W, Larson RG. Direct All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Effects of Short Chain Branching on Polyethylene Oligomer Crystal Nucleation. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ronald G. Larson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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31
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Agbolaghi S, Abbaspoor S, Abbasi F. A comprehensive review on polymer single crystals—From fundamental concepts to applications. Prog Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Mohammadi H, Vincent M, Marand H. Investigating the equilibrium melting temperature of linear polyethylene using the non-linear Hoffman-Weeks approach. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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33
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Mi D, Zhou M, Hou F, Zhang J. Effect of high-temperature annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene with shish kebab or spherulite structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dashan Mi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologiepark 915 Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium
| | - Man Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Fengyi Hou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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34
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Zhang X, Zhang W, Wagener KB, Boz E, Alamo RG. Effect of Self-Poisoning on Crystallization Kinetics of Dimorphic Precision Polyethylenes with Bromine. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St., Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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35
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Ramos J, Vega J, Martínez-Salazar J. Predicting experimental results for polyethylene by computer simulation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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36
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Zhang R, Xiao T, Graf R, De-Boer E, Verhoef R, Kentgens A, Yang G, Rastogi S, Yao YF. Chain packing in the noncrystalline region of deuterated UHMWPE: A solid-state 2H and 13C NMR study. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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37
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Zhang X, Santonja-Blasco L, Wagener KB, Boz E, Tasaki M, Tashiro K, Alamo RG. Infrared Spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction Characterization of Dimorphic Crystalline Structures of Polyethylenes with Halogens Placed at Equal Distance along the Backbone. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10166-10179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Laura Santonja-Blasco
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Kenneth B. Wagener
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Emine Boz
- The
George and Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Department
of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Masafumi Tasaki
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Kohji Tashiro
- Department
of Future Industry-Oriented Basic Science and Materials, Graduate
School of Engineering, Toyota Technological Institute, Tempaku, Nagoya 468-8511, Japan
| | - Rufina G. Alamo
- Department
of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
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38
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Reimann S, Danke V, Beiner M, Binder WH. Synthesis of supramolecular precision polymers: Crystallization under conformational constraints. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reimann
- Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Varun Danke
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Mario Beiner
- Fraunhofer Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Institute of Chemistry, Macromolecular Chemistry; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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39
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Zhou Z, Ma L, Zhen W, Sun X, Ren Z, Li H, Yan S. An abnormal melting behavior of isotactic polypropylene spherulites grown at low temperatures. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Vettorel T, Meyer H. Coarse Graining of Short Polythylene Chains for Studying Polymer Crystallization. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 2:616-29. [PMID: 26626669 DOI: 10.1021/ct0503264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We derive coarse-grained models of polyethylene in the melt state with the aim to study polymer crystallization. This requires a low level of coarse-graining: We use a mapping of two CH2 groups onto one bead. The coarse-grained beads are connected with harmonic springs, an optimized angular potential, and an optional torsional potential. Coarse-grained potentials are derived from detailed all-atom simulations, and an optimized form of the force field is then derived which achieves a good accuracy in reproducing the static properties of the chains. We address the question over which temperature range such models can be used, and in particular if the model is capable of reproducing the phase transition to an ordered state; it is found that the qualitative behavior of short polyethylene chains is well described, and the experimental melting temperature of C44H90 is approached when using the most accurate optimized model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vettorel
- Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France, and Institut für Physik, WA 331, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hendrik Meyer
- Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg, France, and Institut für Physik, WA 331, Johannes-Gutenberg Universität, Staudinger Weg 7, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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41
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Chen W, Wang S, Zhang W, Ke Y, Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Molecular Structural Basis for Stereocomplex Formation of Polylactide Enantiomers in Dilute Solution. ACS Macro Lett 2015; 4:1264-1267. [PMID: 35614825 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(d-lactide) (PDLA) alternatively pack with each other and form stereocomplex crystals (SCs). The crystal habits of SCs formed in the dilute solution highly depend on the molecular weight (⟨Mw⟩). In this study, we investigated chain-folding (CF) structure for 13C labeled PLLA (l-PLLA) chains in SCs with PDLAs that have either high or low ⟨Mw⟩s by employing an advanced Double Quantum (DQ) NMR. It was found that the ensemble average of the successive adjacent re-entry number ⟨n⟩ for the l-PLLA chains drastically change depending on ⟨Mw⟩s of the counter PDLA chains in the SCs. It was concluded that the CF structures of l-PLLA depending on ⟨Mw⟩s of PDLA determine the crystal habits of SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Yutian Ke
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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42
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Brooks L, Brunelli M, Pattison P, Jones GR, Fitch A. Crystal structures of eight mono-methyl alkanes (C26-C32) via single-crystal and powder diffraction and DFT-D optimization. IUCRJ 2015; 2:490-7. [PMID: 26306191 PMCID: PMC4547817 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252515010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The crystal structures of eight mono-methyl alkanes have been determined from single-crystal or high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Mono-methyl alkanes can be found on the cuticles of insects and are believed to act as recognition pheromones in some social species, e.g. ants, wasps etc. The molecules were synthesized as pure S enantiomers and are (S)-9-methylpentacosane, C26H54; (S)-9-methylheptacosane and (S)-11-methylheptacosane, C28H58; (S)-7-methylnonacosane, (S)-9-methylnonacosane, (S)-11-methylnonacosane and (S)-13-methylnonacosane, C30H62; and (S)-9-methylhentriacontane, C32H66. All crystallize in space group P21. Depending on the position of the methyl group on the carbon chain, two packing schemes are observed, in which the molecules pack together hexagonally as linear rods with terminal and side methyl groups clustering to form distinct motifs. Carbon-chain torsion angles deviate by less than 10° from the fully extended conformation, but with one packing form showing greater curvature than the other near the position of the methyl side group. The crystal structures are optimized by dispersion-corrected DFT calculations, because of the difficulties in refining accurate structural parameters from powder diffraction data from relatively poorly crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Brooks
- ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Lennard–Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Michela Brunelli
- ILL, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- SNBL/ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
| | - Philip Pattison
- SNBL/ESRF, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble CEDEX 9, France
- Crystallography Competence Centre, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Graeme R. Jones
- School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Lennard–Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
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Jiang X, Li T, Hu W. Understanding the Growth Rates of Polymer Cocrystallization in the Binary Mixtures of Different Chain Lengths: Revisited. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:9975-81. [PMID: 26134472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymers often contain a polydispersity of chain lengths, which brings a complicated influence on crystallization behaviors. In our previous publication (J. Phys. Chem. B 2008, 112, 7370), we reported dynamic Monte Carlo simulations of cocrystallization in the binary mixtures of long (32-mer) and short (16-mer) homologue chains. We observed a linear dependence of crystal growth rates on the volume fractions of the long-chain component at low temperatures. In this article, with new confirming data, we further observed that the mole fractions also give linear dependence to the crystal growth rates, but split into two regimes. We attributed the phenomenon of two regimes to the variation between two thicknesses of lamellar crystals. The small thickness in the regime of low mole fractions is dominated by the metastable integer-number folding of 16-mers, which causes the "self-poisoning" effect on the crystal growth rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Jiang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Tianxu Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210093 Nanjing, China
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Ramos J, Vega JF, Martínez-Salazar J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Description of Experimental Molecular Conformation, Melt Dynamics, and Phase Transitions in Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ramos
- Biophym, Departamento de
Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F. Vega
- Biophym, Departamento de
Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Salazar
- Biophym, Departamento de
Física Macromolecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, C/Serrano 113 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Mechanisms and kinetics of the crystal thickening of poly(butadiene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) during annealing within the melting range. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Ikeda T. Effect of polymerization on hierarchical self-assembly into nanosheets. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:667-673. [PMID: 25526560 DOI: 10.1021/la504010j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The oligomers consisting of phenyl-capped bithiophene and tetra(ethylene glycol)s linked by azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition were synthesized. The relationship between the degree of polymerization and self-assembling ability was investigated in o-dichlorobenzene and dimethyl sulfoxide. From the absorption spectrum, it was confirmed that the critical degree of polymerization (CDP) for thiophene unit aggregation was 4. The morphology of the aggregated product was observed by atomic force microscopy. The oligomers 4mer and 5mer could not self-assemble into well-defined structures due to the weak driving force for the self-assembly. In the cases of 6mer and 7mer, aggregates with nonwell-defined and nanosheet structures coexisted. In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, the nanosheet was the main product. The critical point between 7mer and 8mer could be confirmed by different aggregation behaviors in the cooling process of the solution (nonsigmoidal and sigmoidal). In the cases of 8mer and 9mer, polymer folding prior to intermolecular self-assembly, which was supported by sigmoidal aggregation behavior, leads to the nanosheet formation. On the contrary, shorter oligomers than 8mer experience intermolecular aggregation prior to intramolecular polymer folding, which was supported by the nonsigmoidal aggregation behavior. This is the first report to prove the existence of CDP for folded polymer nanosheet formation which requires hierarchical self-assembly, i.e., polymer folding followed by intermolecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Ikeda
- Polymer Materials Unit, National Institute for Materials Science , 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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47
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Sheng YZ, Yang H, Li JY, Zhao XJ, Sun M. Molecular dynamics simulation of isothermal crystallisation of polymer chains around single polymer lamella. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2013.840900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Liu Q, Li C, Wei L, Shen M, Yao Y, Hu B, Chen Q. The phase structure, chain diffusion motion and local reorientation motion: 13C Solid-state NMR study on the highly-crystalline solid polymer electrolytes. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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49
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Reimann S, Baumeister U, Binder WH. Synthesis and Crystallization of Precision Polymers with Repetitive Folding Elements. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Reimann
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II; Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Ute Baumeister
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie; Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
| | - Wolfgang H. Binder
- Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II; Martin-Luther-Universität, Halle-Wittenberg; 06120 Halle Germany
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Hong YL, Miyoshi T. Elucidation of the Chain-Folding Structure of a Semicrystalline Polymer in Single Crystals by Solid-State NMR. ACS Macro Lett 2014; 3:556-559. [PMID: 35590726 DOI: 10.1021/mz500196s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite tremendous efforts over the last half-century to elucidate the chain-folding (CF) structure of semicrystalline polymers, the re-entrance sites of folded chains, the successive CF number n, and the adjacent re-entry fraction F have not been well characterized due to experimental limitations. In this report, 13C-13C double-quantum (DQ) NMR was used to determine for the first time the detailed CF structure of 13C CH3-labeled isotactic poly(1-butene) (iPB1) in solution-grown crystals blended with nonlabeled iPB1 across a wide range of crystallization temperatures (Tcs). Comparison of the results of DQ experiments and spin dynamics simulations demonstrated that the majority of individual chains possess completely adjacent re-entry structures at both Tc = 60 and ∼0 °C, as well as indicated that a low polymer concentration, not kinetics, leads to cluster formations of single molecules in dilute solution. The changes in crystal habits from hexagonal shapes at Tc = 60 °C to rounded shapes at ∼0 °C (kinetic roughness) are reasonably explained in terms of kinetically driven depositions of single molecule clusters on the growth front.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-lee Hong
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
| | - Toshikazu Miyoshi
- Department of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3909, United States
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