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Cao Y, Lee D, Lee S, Lin JM, Kang SH. One-Shot Dual-Detection-Based Single-Molecule Super-Resolution Imaging Method for Real-Time Observation of Spatiotemporal Catalytic Activity Variations on the Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticle Surface. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1957-1964. [PMID: 38227936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the relationship between the surface properties of a single plasmonic nanoparticle and its catalytic performance is critical for developing highly efficient nanocatalysts. In this study, a one-shot dual-detection-based single-molecule super-resolution imaging method in the evanescent field was developed to observe real-time spatiotemporal catalytic activity on a single plasmonic gold nanoparticle (AuNP) surface. The scattering intensity of AuNPs and the fluorescence of resorufin molecules produced on the AuNP surface were obtained simultaneously to investigate the relationship between nanoparticles and catalytic reactions at a single-molecule level. Chemisorbed adsorbates (i.e., catalytic product and resorufin) changed the electron density of individual AuNPs throughout the catalytic cycle, resulting in the fluctuation of the scattering intensity of individual AuNPs, which was attributed to the electron transfer between reactant resazurin molecules and AuNPs. The increase in the electron density of individual AuNPs affected the catalytic reaction rate. Furthermore, sequential mapping of individual catalytic events at the subdiffraction limit resolution was completed for real-time surface dynamics and spatiotemporal activity variations on the single AuNP surface. The developed method can aid in understanding surface-property-dependent catalytic kinetics and facilitate the development of nanoparticle-based heterogeneous catalysts at subdiffraction limit resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
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2
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Ezendam S, Gargiulo J, Sousa-Castillo A, Lee JB, Nam YS, Maier SA, Cortés E. Spatial Distributions of Single-Molecule Reactivity in Plasmonic Catalysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:451-460. [PMID: 37971988 PMCID: PMC10786159 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic catalysts have the potential to accelerate and control chemical reactions with light by exploiting localized surface plasmon resonances. However, the mechanisms governing plasmonic catalysis are not simple to decouple. Several plasmon-derived phenomena, such as electromagnetic field enhancements, temperature, or the generation of charge carriers, can affect the reactivity of the system. These effects are convoluted with the inherent (nonplasmonic) catalytic properties of the metal surface. Disentangling these coexisting effects is challenging but is the key to rationally controlling reaction pathways and enhancing reaction rates. This study utilizes super-resolution fluorescence microscopy to examine the mechanisms of plasmonic catalysis at the single-particle level. The reduction reaction of resazurin to resorufin in the presence of Au nanorods coated with a porous silica shell is investigated in situ. This allows the determination of reaction rates with a single-molecule sensitivity and subparticle resolution. By variation of the irradiation wavelength, it is possible to examine two different regimes: photoexcitation of the reactant molecules and photoexcitation of the nanoparticle's plasmon resonance. In addition, the measured spatial distribution of reactivity allows differentiation between superficial and far-field effects. Our results indicate that the reduction of resazurin can occur through more than one reaction pathway, being most efficient when the reactant is photoexcited and is in contact with the Au surface. In addition, it was found that the spatial distribution of enhancements varies, depending on the underlying mechanism. These findings contribute to the fundamental understanding of plasmonic catalysis and the rational design of future plasmonic nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ezendam
- Nanoinstitute
Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Julian Gargiulo
- Nanoinstitute
Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Ana Sousa-Castillo
- Nanoinstitute
Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
| | - Joong Bum Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan A. Maier
- Nanoinstitute
Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- School
of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Nanoinstitute
Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 München, Germany
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3
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Shen M, Rackers WH, Sadtler B. Getting the Most Out of Fluorogenic Probes: Challenges and Opportunities in Using Single-Molecule Fluorescence to Image Electro- and Photocatalysis. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2023; 1:692-715. [PMID: 38037609 PMCID: PMC10685636 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.3c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy enables the direct observation of individual reaction events at the surface of a catalyst. It has become a powerful tool to image in real time both intra- and interparticle heterogeneity among different nanoscale catalyst particles. Single-molecule fluorescence microscopy of heterogeneous catalysts relies on the detection of chemically activated fluorogenic probes that are converted from a nonfluorescent state into a highly fluorescent state through a reaction mediated at the catalyst surface. This review article describes challenges and opportunities in using such fluorogenic probes as proxies to develop structure-activity relationships in nanoscale electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. We compare single-molecule fluorescence microscopy to other microscopies for imaging catalysis in situ to highlight the distinct advantages and limitations of this technique. We describe correlative imaging between super-resolution activity maps obtained from multiple fluorogenic probes to understand the chemical origins behind spatial variations in activity that are frequently observed for nanoscale catalysts. Fluorogenic probes, originally developed for biological imaging, are introduced that can detect products such as carbon monoxide, nitrite, and ammonia, which are generated by electro- and photocatalysts for fuel production and environmental remediation. We conclude by describing how single-molecule imaging can provide mechanistic insights for a broader scope of catalytic systems, such as single-atom catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Shen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - William H. Rackers
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bryce Sadtler
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute
of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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4
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Altenburger B, Andersson C, Levin S, Westerlund F, Fritzsche J, Langhammer C. Label-Free Imaging of Catalytic H 2O 2 Decomposition on Single Colloidal Pt Nanoparticles Using Nanofluidic Scattering Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21030-21043. [PMID: 37847543 PMCID: PMC10655234 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-particle catalysis aims at determining factors that dictate the nanoparticle activity and selectivity. Existing methods often use fluorescent model reactions at low reactant concentrations, operate at low pressures, or rely on plasmonic enhancement effects. Hence, methods to measure single-nanoparticle activity under technically relevant conditions and without fluorescence or other enhancement mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we introduce nanofluidic scattering microscopy of catalytic reactions on single colloidal nanoparticles trapped inside nanofluidic channels to fill this gap. By detecting minuscule refractive index changes in a liquid flushed trough a nanochannel, we demonstrate that local H2O2 concentration changes in water can be accurately measured. Applying this principle, we analyze the H2O2 concentration profiles adjacent to single colloidal Pt nanoparticles during catalytic H2O2 decomposition into O2 and H2O and derive the particles' individual turnover frequencies from the growth rate of the O2 gas bubbles formed in their respective nanochannel during reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Altenburger
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Andersson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sune Levin
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department
of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of
Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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5
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Dery S, Friedman B, Shema H, Gross E. Mechanistic Insights Gained by High Spatial Resolution Reactivity Mapping of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous (Electro)Catalysts. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6003-6038. [PMID: 37037476 PMCID: PMC10176474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of high spatial resolution microscopy and spectroscopy tools enabled reactivity analysis of homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts at previously unattainable resolution and sensitivity. These techniques revealed that catalytic entities are more heterogeneous than expected and local variations in reaction mechanism due to divergences in the nature of active sites, such as their atomic properties, distribution, and accessibility, occur both in homogeneous and heterogeneous (electro)catalysts. In this review, we highlight recent insights in catalysis research that were attained by conducting high spatial resolution studies. The discussed case studies range from reactivity detection of single particles or single molecular catalysts, inter- and intraparticle communication analysis, and probing the influence of catalysts distribution and accessibility on the resulting reactivity. It is demonstrated that multiparticle and multisite reactivity analyses provide unique knowledge about reaction mechanism that could not have been attained by conducting ensemble-based, averaging, spectroscopy measurements. It is highlighted that the integration of spectroscopy and microscopy measurements under realistic reaction conditions will be essential to bridge the gap between model-system studies and real-world high spatial resolution reactivity analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Barak Friedman
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Hadar Shema
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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6
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Lin Y, Cui Y, Huang W, Yu H, He Y. Operando Imaging of Crystallinity-Dependent Multicolor Thermochromic Processes for Single Hydrated Hybrid Perovskite Particles. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9195-9200. [PMID: 36170182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The thermochromic properties of hydrated metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising for applications in smart windows, solar cells, optical sensors, and information storage. Traditional ensemble characterization methods always study the averaged thermochromic activity, lacking the accurate structure-activity correlation. Here we utilize dark-field microscopy (DFM) to in situ image the thermochromic processes of single isolated hydrated hybrid perovskite (CH3NH3)4PbI6-xClx·2H2O (MA4PbI6-xClx·2H2O) microparticles. The thermal-induced dehydration transition is demonstrated to alter the color of single MA4PbI6-xClx·2H2O particles. Operando single-particle mapping results reveal the significant intra- and interparticle variations of thermochromic behaviors, yielding unexpected single or multistep multicolor thermochromic processes. These phenomena are confirmed to be governed by the crystallinity of single MA4PbI6-xClx·2H2O particles that results in distinct composition-dependent bandgaps and thermal decomposition pathways. The present work highlights the important role of single-particle imaging for resolving the intrinsic thermochromic characteristic of hydrated MHPs, therefore opening a way for rational design of stimuli-responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lin
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yunyi Cui
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, P. R. China
| | - Haili Yu
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, School of National Defence Science & Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China
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7
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Wu Y, Jamali S, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. Spiers Memorial Lecture. Next generation nanoelectrochemistry: the fundamental advances needed for applications. Faraday Discuss 2021; 233:10-32. [PMID: 34874385 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00088h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoelectrochemistry, where electrochemical processes are controlled and investigated with nanoscale resolution, is gaining more and more attention because of the many potential applications in energy and sensing and the fact that there is much to learn about fundamental electrochemical processes when we explore them at the nanoscale. The development of instrumental methods that can explore the heterogeneity of electrochemistry occurring across an electrode surface, monitoring single molecules or many single nanoparticles on a surface simultaneously, have been pivotal in giving us new insights into nanoscale electrochemistry. Equally important has been the ability to synthesise or fabricate nanoscale entities with a high degree of control that allows us to develop nanoscale devices. Central to the latter has been the incredible advances in nanomaterial synthesis where electrode materials with atomic control over electrochemically active sites can be achieved. After introducing nanoelectrochemistry, this paper focuses on recent developments in two major application areas of nanoelectrochemistry; electrocatalysis and using single entities in sensing. Discussion of the developments in these two application fields highlights some of the advances in the fundamental understanding of nanoelectrochemical systems really driving these applications forward. Looking into our nanocrystal ball, this paper then highlights: the need to understand the impact of nanoconfinement on electrochemical processes, the need to measure many single entities, the need to develop more sophisticated ways of treating the potentially large data sets from measuring such many single entities, the need for more new methods for characterising nanoelectrochemical systems as they operate and the need for material synthesis to become more reproducible as well as possess more nanoscale control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Sina Jamali
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry and Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
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8
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Chattopadhyay S, Biteen JS. Super-Resolution Characterization of Heterogeneous Light-Matter Interactions between Single Dye Molecules and Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:430-444. [PMID: 33100005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saaj Chattopadhyay
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Julie S Biteen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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9
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Shen M, Ding T, Hartman ST, Wang F, Krucylak C, Wang Z, Tan C, Yin B, Mishra R, Lew MD, Sadtler B. Nanoscale Colocalization of Fluorogenic Probes Reveals the Role of Oxygen Vacancies in the Photocatalytic Activity of Tungsten Oxide Nanowires. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meikun Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Tianben Ding
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Steven T. Hartman
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Fudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Christina Krucylak
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Zheyu Wang
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Che Tan
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bo Yin
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Rohan Mishra
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Matthew D. Lew
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Bryce Sadtler
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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10
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Gao Y, Nie W, Wang X, Fan F, Li C. Advanced space- and time-resolved techniques for photocatalyst studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1007-1021. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle photocatalysts present the obvious characteristic of heterogeneity in structure, energy, and function at spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Fengtao Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy
- The Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM)
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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11
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Wang H, Zhang T, Zhou X. Dark-field spectroscopy: development, applications and perspectives in single nanoparticle catalysis. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:473001. [PMID: 31315095 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab330a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dark-field microscopy (DFM) is an effective method to detect the scattering signal from single nanoparticles. This technique could break through the 200 nm limit resolution of ordinary optical microscopes. It even can observe the submicron particles of 20-200 nm. Moreover, from 2000, DFM was coupled with a spectrometer to measure the scattering spectra of single silver nanoparticles. Then, dark-field spectroscopy becomes a very important plasmon spectroscopy technique for single nanoparticles. Usually, plasmonic nanoparticles are the major research target, because they have unique optical properties due to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which can be influenced by many factors, such as composition, size, morphology, the refractive index of the surrounding medium etc. When surface chemical reactions occur on a single nanoparticle, it could induce the variation of these factors. Then, the structure-activity relationship for these nanoparticle catalysts can be studied at a single nanoparticle level and in real time. This review mainly summarized the development of dark-field spectroscopy, spectrometers, light sources, and other accessories, which greatly improved the imaging capabilities of dark-field spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the applications of dark-field spectroscopy in single-particle catalysis such as chemocatalysis, photocatalysis, electrocatalysis and biocatalysis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China. Division of Advanced Nanomaterials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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12
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Levin S, Fritzsche J, Nilsson S, Runemark A, Dhokale B, Ström H, Sundén H, Langhammer C, Westerlund F. A nanofluidic device for parallel single nanoparticle catalysis in solution. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4426. [PMID: 31562383 PMCID: PMC6764984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying single catalyst nanoparticles, during reaction, eliminates averaging effects that are an inherent limitation of ensemble experiments. It enables establishing structure-function correlations beyond averaged properties by including particle-specific descriptors such as defects, chemical heterogeneity and microstructure. Driven by these prospects, several single particle catalysis concepts have been implemented. However, they all have limitations such as low throughput, or that they require very low reactant concentrations and/or reaction rates. In response, we present a nanofluidic device for highly parallelized single nanoparticle catalysis in solution, based on fluorescence microscopy. Our device enables parallel scrutiny of tens of single nanoparticles, each isolated inside its own nanofluidic channel, and at tunable reaction conditions, ranging from the fully mass transport limited regime to the surface reaction limited regime. In a wider perspective, our concept provides a versatile platform for highly parallelized single particle catalysis in solution and constitutes a promising application area for nanofluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sune Levin
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joachim Fritzsche
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - August Runemark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bhausaheb Dhokale
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Sundén
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Westerlund
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Easter QT, Blum SA. Organic and Organometallic Chemistry at the Single-Molecule, -Particle, and -Molecular-Catalyst-Turnover Level by Fluorescence Microscopy. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2244-2255. [PMID: 31310095 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies have historically played a key role in the discovery and optimization of reactions in organic and organometallic chemistry. However, even apparently simple organic and organometallic transformations may have surprisingly complicated multistep mechanisms, increasing the difficulty of extracting this mechanistic information. The resulting reaction intermediates often constitute a small fraction of the total reaction mixture, for example, creating a long-term analytical challenge of detection. This challenge is particularly pronounced in cases where the positions of intermediates on the reaction energy surface mean that they do not "build up" to the quantities needed for observation by traditional ensemble analytical tools. Thus, their existence and single-step elementary reactivity cannot be studied directly. New approaches for obtaining this otherwise-missing mechanistic information are therefore needed. Single-turnover, single-molecule, single-particle, and other subensemble fluorescence microscopy techniques are ideally suited for this role because of their sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution. Inspired by the robust development of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy tools for studying enzyme catalysis, our laboratory has developed analogous fluorescence microscopy techniques to overcome mechanistic challenges in synthetic chemistry, with sensitivity as high as the single-complex, single-turnover, and single-molecule level. These techniques free the experimenter from the previous restriction that intermediates must "build up" to quantities needed for detection by ensemble analytical tools and are suited to systems where synchronization through flash photolysis or stopped flow would be inconvenient or inaccessible. In this process, the techniques transform certain previously "unobservable" intermediates and their elementary single-step reactivities into "observable" ones through sensitive and selective spectral handles. Our program has focused on imaging reactions in small-molecule, organic, and polymer synthetic chemistry with an accent on the reactivity of molecular transition metal complexes and catalysts. Our laboratory initiated studies in this area in 2008 with the imaging of individual palladium complexes that were tagged with spectator fluorophores. To enable imaging, we started with fluorophore selection and development, overcame challenges with imaging in organic solvents, and developed strategies compatible with air-sensitive chemistry and concentrations of reagents generally used in small-molecule synthesis. These studies grew to include characterization of previously unknown organometallic intermediates in the synthesis of organozinc reagents and the direct study of their elementary-step reactivity. The ability to directly observe this behavior generated predictive power for selecting salts that accelerated organozinc reagent formation in synthesis, including salts that had not yet been reported synthetically. In 2017 we also developed the first single-turnover imaging of molecular (chemo)catalysts, which through the technique's spatiotemporal resolution revealed abruptly time-variable polymerization kinetics wherein molecular ruthenium ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) catalysts changed rates independently from other catalysts less than 1 μm away. Individual catalytic turnovers, each corresponding to one single-chain-elongation reaction arising from insertion of single ROMP or enyne monomers at individual Grubbs II molecular ruthenium catalysts, were spatiotemporally resolved as green flashes in growing polymers. In this Account, we discuss the development of this technique from idea to application, including challenges overcome and strategies created to image synthetic organic and organometallic molecular chemistry at the highest levels of detection sensitivity. We also describe challenges not yet solved and provide an outlook for this growing field at the intersection of microscopy and synthetic/molecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Easter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697−2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A. Blum
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697−2025, United States
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14
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Kong W, Li Q, Wang W, Zhao X, Jiang S, Zheng T, Zhang Q, Shen W, Cui H. Rational design of functional materials guided by single particle chemiluminescence imaging. Chem Sci 2019; 10:5444-5451. [PMID: 31293726 PMCID: PMC6553381 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00954j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemiluminescence (CL) functionalized materials have found tremendous value in developing CL assays for clinical assays and point-of-care tests. To date, the design and optimization of these materials have mainly relied on conventional trial-and-error procedures in which the ensemble performance is evaluated using conditional experiments. Here we have built an optical microscope to acquire the CL emission from single magnetic-polymer hybrid microbeads functionalized with luminol analogues, and to access the CL kinetics of each individual particle. It was incidentally found that a minor subpopulation of microbeads exhibited intense and delayed CL emission while the majority showed transient and weak emission. Structural characterization of the very same individual particles uncovered that the amorphous multi-core microstructures were responsible for the enhanced encapsulation efficiency and optimized CL reaction kinetics. Guided by this knowledge stemming from single particle CL imaging, the synthesis procedure was rationally optimized to enrich the portion of microbeads with better CL performance, which was validated by both single particle imaging and the significantly improved analytical performance at the ensemble level. The present work not only demonstrates the CL imaging and CL kinetics curve of single microbeads for the first time, but also sets a clear example showing the capability of single particle studies to investigate the structure-activity relationship in a bottom-up manner and to help the rational design of ensemble materials with improved performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Kong
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023 , P. R. China .
| | - Xiaoning Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Metrology , Room 303, No. 10 Lishuiqiaojia, Chaoyang District , Beijing , 102200 , P. R. China
| | - Shenglong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale , iChEM , Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Tianhua Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Qun Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale , iChEM , Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
| | - Hua Cui
- Department of Chemistry , CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry , iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials) , University of Science and Technology of China , Hefei , Anhui 230026 , P. R. China .
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15
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Pujals S, Feiner-Gracia N, Delcanale P, Voets I, Albertazzi L. Super-resolution microscopy as a powerful tool to study complex synthetic materials. Nat Rev Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Ando T, Bhamidimarri SP, Brending N, Colin-York H, Collinson L, De Jonge N, de Pablo PJ, Debroye E, Eggeling C, Franck C, Fritzsche M, Gerritsen H, Giepmans BNG, Grunewald K, Hofkens J, Hoogenboom JP, Janssen KPF, Kaufman R, Klumpermann J, Kurniawan N, Kusch J, Liv N, Parekh V, Peckys DB, Rehfeldt F, Reutens DC, Roeffaers MBJ, Salditt T, Schaap IAT, Schwarz US, Verkade P, Vogel MW, Wagner R, Winterhalter M, Yuan H, Zifarelli G. The 2018 correlative microscopy techniques roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2018; 51:443001. [PMID: 30799880 PMCID: PMC6372154 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Developments in microscopy have been instrumental to progress in the life sciences, and many new techniques have been introduced and led to new discoveries throughout the last century. A wide and diverse range of methodologies is now available, including electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, small-angle x-ray scattering and multiple super-resolution fluorescence techniques, and each of these methods provides valuable read-outs to meet the demands set by the samples under study. Yet, the investigation of cell development requires a multi-parametric approach to address both the structure and spatio-temporal organization of organelles, and also the transduction of chemical signals and forces involved in cell-cell interactions. Although the microscopy technologies for observing each of these characteristics are well developed, none of them can offer read-out of all characteristics simultaneously, which limits the information content of a measurement. For example, while electron microscopy is able to disclose the structural layout of cells and the macromolecular arrangement of proteins, it cannot directly follow dynamics in living cells. The latter can be achieved with fluorescence microscopy which, however, requires labelling and lacks spatial resolution. A remedy is to combine and correlate different readouts from the same specimen, which opens new avenues to understand structure-function relations in biomedical research. At the same time, such correlative approaches pose new challenges concerning sample preparation, instrument stability, region of interest retrieval, and data analysis. Because the field of correlative microscopy is relatively young, the capabilities of the various approaches have yet to be fully explored, and uncertainties remain when considering the best choice of strategy and workflow for the correlative experiment. With this in mind, the Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics presents a special roadmap on the correlative microscopy techniques, giving a comprehensive overview from various leading scientists in this field, via a collection of multiple short viewpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Ando
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | - H Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Niels De Jonge
- INM-Leibniz Institute for New Materials, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - P J de Pablo
- Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada IFIMAC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elke Debroye
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christian Eggeling
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Applied Optics, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Franck
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, OX3 9DS Oxford, United Kingdom
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Gerritsen
- Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kay Grunewald
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre of Structural Systems Biology Hamburg and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | | | | | - Rainer Kaufman
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre of Structural Systems Biology Hamburg and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Klumpermann
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nyoman Kurniawan
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Nalan Liv
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Viha Parekh
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Diana B Peckys
- Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rehfeldt
- University of Göttingen, Third Institute of Physics-Biophysics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - David C Reutens
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Tim Salditt
- University of Göttingen, Institute for X-Ray Physics, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iwan A T Schaap
- SmarAct GmbH, Schütte-Lanz-Str. 9, D-26135 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W Vogel
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Richard Wagner
- Department of Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Haifeng Yuan
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemistry, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Zifarelli
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Wang Y, Shan X, Tao N. Emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry. Faraday Discuss 2018; 193:9-39. [PMID: 27722354 DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00180g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry studies charge transfer and related processes at various microscopic structures (atomic steps, islands, pits and kinks on electrodes), and mesoscopic materials (nanoparticles, nanowires, viruses, vesicles and cells) made by nature and humans, involving ions and molecules. The traditional approach measures averaged electrochemical quantities of a large ensemble of these individual entities, including the microstructures, mesoscopic materials, ions and molecules. There is a need to develop tools to study single entities because a real system is usually heterogeneous, e.g., containing nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes. Even in the case of "homogeneous" molecules, they bind to different microscopic structures of an electrode, assume different conformations and fluctuate over time, leading to heterogeneous reactions. Here we highlight some emerging tools for studying single entity electrochemistry, discuss their strengths and weaknesses, and provide personal views on the need for tools with new capabilities for further advancing single entity electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Biodesign Institute and School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. and State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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18
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Hoener BS, Kirchner SR, Heiderscheit TS, Collins SS, Chang WS, Link S, Landes CF. Plasmonic Sensing and Control of Single-Nanoparticle Electrochemistry. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Zou N, Chen G, Mao X, Shen H, Choudhary E, Zhou X, Chen P. Imaging Catalytic Hotspots on Single Plasmonic Nanostructures via Correlated Super-Resolution and Electron Microscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5570-5579. [PMID: 29860829 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surface-plasmon (SP) enhanced catalysis on plasmonic nanostructures brings opportunities to increase catalytic efficiency and alter catalytic selectivity. Understanding the underlying mechanism requires quantitative measurements of catalytic enhancement on these nanostructures, whose intrinsic structural heterogeneity presents experimental challenges. Using correlated super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy, here we report a quantitative visualization of SP-enhanced catalytic activity at the nanoscale within single plasmonic nanostructures. We focus on two Au- and Ag-based linked nanostructures that present plasmonic hotspots at nanoscale gaps. Spatially localized higher reaction rates at these gaps vs nongap regions report the SP-induced catalytic enhancements, which show direct correlations with the nanostructure geometries and local electric field enhancements. Furthermore, the catalytic enhancement scales quadratically with the local actual light intensity, attributable to hot electron involvement in the catalytic enhancement mechanism. These discoveries highlight the effectiveness of correlated super-resolution and electron microscopy in interrogating nanoscale catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningmu Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xianwen Mao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Eric Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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20
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21
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Smith JG, Jain PK. Kinetics of self-assembled monolayer formation on individual nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 18:23990-7. [PMID: 27523488 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03915d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation of alkanethiols on nanoparticle surfaces is an extensively studied surface reaction. But the nanoscale aspects of the rich microscopic kinetics of this reaction may remain hidden due to ensemble-averaging in colloidal samples, which is why we investigated in real-time how alkanethiol SAMs form on a single Ag nanoparticle. From single-nanoparticle trajectories obtained using in situ optical spectroscopy, the kinetics of SAM formation appears to be limited by the growth of the layer across the nanoparticle surface. A significant spread in the growth kinetics is seen between nanoparticles. The single-nanoparticle rate distributions suggest two distinct modes for SAM growth: spillover of adsorbed thiols from the initial binding sites on the nanoparticle and direct adsorption of thiol from solution. At low concentrations, wherein direct adsorption from solution is not prevalent and growth takes place primarily by adsorbate migration, the SAM formation rate was less variable from one nanoparticle to another. On the other hand, at higher thiol concentrations, when both modes of growth were operative, the population of nanoparticles with inherent variations in surface conditions and/or morphology exhibited a heterogeneous distribution of rates. These new insights into the complex dynamics of SAM formation may inform synthetic strategies for ligand passivation and functionalization of nanoparticles and models of reactive adsorption and catalysis on nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA. and Materials Research Lab, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL 61801, USA
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22
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Abstract
Chemical activity of single nanoparticles can be imaged and determined by monitoring the optical signal of each individual during chemical reactions with advanced optical microscopes. It allows for clarifying the functional heterogeneity among individuals, and for uncovering the microscopic reaction mechanisms and kinetics that could otherwise be averaged out in ensemble measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
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23
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Van Loon J, Janssen KPF, Franklin T, Kubarev AV, Steele JA, Debroye E, Breynaert E, Martens JA, Roeffaers MBJ. Rationalizing Acid Zeolite Performance on the Nanoscale by Correlative Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy. ACS Catal 2017; 7:5234-5242. [PMID: 28824822 PMCID: PMC5557613 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The performance of zeolites as solid acid catalysts is strongly influenced by the accessibility of active sites. However, synthetic zeolites typically grow as complex aggregates of small nanocrystallites rather than perfect single crystals. The structural complexity must therefore play a decisive role in zeolite catalyst applicability. Traditional tools for the characterization of heterogeneous catalysts are unable to directly relate nanometer-scale structural properties to the corresponding catalytic performance. In this work, an innovative correlative super-resolution fluorescence and scanning electron microscope is applied, and the appropriate analysis procedures are developed to investigate the effect of small-port H-mordenite (H-MOR) morphology on the catalytic performance, along with the effects of extensive acid leaching. These correlative measurements revealed catalytic activity at the interface between intergrown H-MOR crystallites that was assumed inaccessible, without compromising the shape selective properties. Furthermore, it was found that extensive acid leaching led to an etching of the originally accessible microporous structure, rather than the formation of an extended mesoporous structure. The associated transition of small-port to large-port H-MOR therefore did not render the full catalyst particle functional for catalysis. The applied characterization technique allows a straightforward investigation of the zeolite structure-activity relationship beyond the single-particle level. We conclude that such information will ultimately lead to an accurate understanding of the relationship between the bulk scale catalyst behavior and the nanoscale structural features, enabling a rationalization of catalyst design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Van Loon
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Kris P. F. Janssen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Thomas Franklin
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Alexey V. Kubarev
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Julian A. Steele
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Eric Breynaert
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Johan A. Martens
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Maarten B. J. Roeffaers
- Center
for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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24
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Scaiano JC, Lanterna AE. Is Single-Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy Ready To Join the Organic Chemistry Toolkit? A Test Case Involving Click Chemistry. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5011-5019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b03010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
(CCRI), University of Ottawa. 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Anabel E. Lanterna
- Department of Chemistry and
Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
(CCRI), University of Ottawa. 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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25
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Chen T, Dong B, Chen K, Zhao F, Cheng X, Ma C, Lee S, Zhang P, Kang SH, Ha JW, Xu W, Fang N. Optical Super-Resolution Imaging of Surface Reactions. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7510-7537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bin Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Kuangcai Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Xiaodong Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Changbei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Seungah Lee
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Kang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Natural Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Ha
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, 93 Dahak-Ro, Nam-Gu, Ulsan 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Weilin Xu
- State
Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Jilin Province Key
Laboratory of Low Carbon Chemical Power, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, P.R. China
| | - Ning Fang
- Department
of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
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26
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Abstract
This review describes the growing partnership between super-resolution imaging and plasmonics, by describing the various ways in which the two topics mutually benefit one another to enhance our understanding of the nanoscale world. First, localization-based super-resolution imaging strategies, where molecules are modulated between emissive and nonemissive states and their emission localized, are applied to plasmonic nanoparticle substrates, revealing the hidden shape of the nanoparticles while also mapping local electromagnetic field enhancements and reactivity patterns on their surface. However, these results must be interpreted carefully due to localization errors induced by the interaction between metallic substrates and single fluorophores. Second, plasmonic nanoparticles are explored as image contrast agents for both superlocalization and super-resolution imaging, offering benefits such as high photostability, large signal-to-noise, and distance-dependent spectral features but presenting challenges for localizing individual nanoparticles within a diffraction-limited spot. Finally, the use of plasmon-tailored excitation fields to achieve subdiffraction-limited spatial resolution is discussed, using localized surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons to create confined excitation volumes or image magnification to enhance spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Andrew J Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Vignesh Sundaresan
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Padmanabh B Joshi
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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27
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Hauser M, Wojcik M, Kim D, Mahmoudi M, Li W, Xu K. Correlative Super-Resolution Microscopy: New Dimensions and New Opportunities. Chem Rev 2017; 117:7428-7456. [PMID: 28045508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy, the integration of two or more microscopy techniques performed on the same sample, produces results that emphasize the strengths of each technique while offsetting their individual weaknesses. Light microscopy has historically been a central method in correlative microscopy due to its widespread availability, compatibility with hydrated and live biological samples, and excellent molecular specificity through fluorescence labeling. However, conventional light microscopy can only achieve a resolution of ∼300 nm, undercutting its advantages in correlations with higher-resolution methods. The rise of super-resolution microscopy (SRM) over the past decade has drastically improved the resolution of light microscopy to ∼10 nm, thus creating exciting new opportunities and challenges for correlative microscopy. Here we review how these challenges are addressed to effectively correlate SRM with other microscopy techniques, including light microscopy, electron microscopy, cryomicroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and various forms of spectroscopy. Though we emphasize biological studies, we also discuss the application of correlative SRM to materials characterization and single-molecule reactions. Finally, we point out current limitations and discuss possible future improvements and advances. We thus demonstrate how a correlative approach adds new dimensions of information and provides new opportunities in the fast-growing field of SRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Hauser
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Center for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Wan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Division of Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Wang B, Durantini J, Decan MR, Nie J, Lanterna AE, Scaiano JC. From the molecule to the mole: improving heterogeneous copper catalyzed click chemistry using single molecule spectroscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:328-331. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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29
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Smith JG, Jain PK. The Ligand Shell as an Energy Barrier in Surface Reactions on Transition Metal Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:6765-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801 United States
| | - Prashant K. Jain
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801 United States
- Department
of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801 United States
- Materials
Research Lab, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, Illinois 61801 United States
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30
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Hodgson GK, Impellizzeri S, Scaiano JC. Single molecule study of samarium oxide nanoparticles as a purely heterogeneous catalyst for one-pot aldehyde chemistry. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy00894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysis holds distinct advantages over homogeneous catalysis; however, it is only truly advantageous if unaffected by metal ion leaching or in situ formation of a soluble catalytically active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K. Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Stefania Impellizzeri
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Juan C. Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation
- University of Ottawa
- Ottawa
- K1N 6N5 Canada
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31
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Decan MR, Scaiano JC. Study of Single Catalytic Events at Copper-in-Charcoal: Localization of Click Activity Through Subdiffraction Observation of Single Catalytic Events. J Phys Chem Lett 2015; 6:4049-4053. [PMID: 26722775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single molecule fluorescence microscopy reveals that copper-in-charcoal--a high performance click catalyst- has remarkably few catalytic sites, with 90% of the charcoal particles being inactive, and for the catalytic ones the active sites represent a minute fraction (∼0.003%) of the surface. The intermittent nature of the catalytic events enables subdiffraction resolution and mapping of the catalytic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Decan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Juan C Scaiano
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
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33
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Easter QT, Trauschke V, Blum SA. Catalyst Inefficiencies: Supported Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Catalyst Yields Its Ensemble Rate from a Small Number of Molecular Active Sites. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn T. Easter
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Vanessa Trauschke
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Suzanne A. Blum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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34
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Mayer KM, Shnipes J, Davis D, Walt DR. Catalytic kinetics of single gold nanoparticles observed via optical microwell arrays. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:055704. [PMID: 25590419 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/5/055704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic activities and kinetics are measured at the single-particle level for gold nanoparticles catalyzing a fluorogenic oxidation reaction. This measurement is accomplished by confining the reactions in optically addressable microwell arrays. Citrate-capped gold nanoparticles are isolated in sealed ∼70 fL microwells along with a substrate, and the accumulation of a fluorescent product over time is observed. Thousands of reactions are measured in parallel. Catalytic activities are calculated for each nanoparticle and the activity distribution is analyzed.
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35
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Zheng Z, Tachikawa T, Majima T. Plasmon-Enhanced Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Anisotropic Pd–Au Nanorods Studied at the Single-Particle Level. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:948-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511719g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Zheng
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Tachikawa
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1
Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Majima
- The
Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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36
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Widom JR, Dhakal S, Heinicke LA, Walter NG. Single-molecule tools for enzymology, structural biology, systems biology and nanotechnology: an update. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1965-85. [PMID: 25212907 PMCID: PMC4615698 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1357-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxicology is the highly interdisciplinary field studying the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. It requires sensitive tools to detect such effects. After their initial implementation during the 1990s, single-molecule fluorescence detection tools were quickly recognized for their potential to contribute greatly to many different areas of scientific inquiry. In the intervening time, technical advances in the field have generated ever-improving spatial and temporal resolution and have enabled the application of single-molecule fluorescence to increasingly complex systems, such as live cells. In this review, we give an overview of the optical components necessary to implement the most common versions of single-molecule fluorescence detection. We then discuss current applications to enzymology and structural studies, systems biology, and nanotechnology, presenting the technical considerations that are unique to each area of study, along with noteworthy recent results. We also highlight future directions that have the potential to revolutionize these areas of study by further exploiting the capabilities of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Widom
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1055, USA
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37
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Han R, Ha JW, Xiao C, Pei Y, Qi Z, Dong B, Bormann NL, Huang W, Fang N. Geometry-Assisted Three-Dimensional Superlocalization Imaging of Single-Molecule Catalysis on Modular Multilayer Nanocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:12865-9. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Han R, Ha JW, Xiao C, Pei Y, Qi Z, Dong B, Bormann NL, Huang W, Fang N. Geometry-Assisted Three-Dimensional Superlocalization Imaging of Single-Molecule Catalysis on Modular Multilayer Nanocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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39
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Decan MR, Impellizzeri S, Marin ML, Scaiano JC. Copper nanoparticle heterogeneous catalytic ‘click’ cycloaddition confirmed by single-molecule spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4612. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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40
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Byers CP, Hoener BS, Chang WS, Yorulmaz M, Link S, Landes CF. Single-particle spectroscopy reveals heterogeneity in electrochemical tuning of the localized surface plasmon. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14047-55. [PMID: 24971712 PMCID: PMC4266331 DOI: 10.1021/jp504454y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A hyperspectral imaging method was developed that allowed the identification of heterogeneous plasmon response from 50 nm diameter gold colloidal particles on a conducting substrate in a transparent three-electrode spectroelectrochemical cell under non-Faradaic conditions. At cathodic potentials, we identified three distinct behaviors from different nanoparticles within the same sample: irreversible chemical reactions, reversible chemical reactions, and reversible charge density tuning. The irreversible reactions in particular would be difficult to discern in alternate methodologies. Additional heterogeneity was observed when single nanoparticles demonstrating reversible charge density tuning in the cathodic regime were measured dynamically in anodic potential ranges. Some nanoparticles that showed charge density tuning in the cathodic range also showed signs of an additional chemical tuning mechanism in the anodic range. The expected changes in nanoparticle free-electron density were modeled using a charge density-modified Drude dielectric function and Mie theory, a commonly used model in colloidal spectroelectrochemistry. Inconsistencies between experimental results and predictions of this common physical model were identified and highlighted. The broad range of responses on even a simple sample highlights the rich experimental and theoretical playgrounds that hyperspectral single-particle electrochemistry opens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad P Byers
- Department of Chemistry, Rice Quantum Institute, Laboratory for Nanophotonics and ‡Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University , Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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41
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Guo Z, Percival SJ, Zhang B. Chemically Resolved Transient Collision Events of Single Electrocatalytic Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8879-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ja503656a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Stephen J. Percival
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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42
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Oja SM, Guerrette JP, David MR, Zhang B. Fluorescence-enabled electrochemical microscopy with dihydroresorufin as a fluorogenic indicator. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6040-8. [PMID: 24870955 PMCID: PMC4066899 DOI: 10.1021/ac501194j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Recently, we introduced a new electrochemical
imaging technique
called fluorescence-enabled electrochemical microscopy (FFEM). The
central idea of FEEM is that a closed bipolar electrode is utilized
to electrically couple a redox reaction of interest to a complementary
fluorogenic reaction converting an electrochemical signal into a fluorescent
signal. This simple strategy enables one to use fluorescence microscopy
to observe conventional electrochemical processes on very large electrochemical
arrays. The initial demonstration of FEEM focused on the use of a
specific fluorogenic indicator, resazurin, which is reduced to generate
highly fluorescent resorufin. The use of resazurin has enabled the
study of analyte oxidation reactions, such as the oxidation of dopamine
and H2O2. In this report, we extend the capability
of FEEM to the study of cathodic reactions using a new fluorogenic
indicator, dihydroresorufin. Dihydroresorufin is a nonfluorescent
molecule, which can be electrochemically oxidized to generate resorufin.
The use of dihydroresorufin has enabled us to study a series of reducible
analyte species including Fe(CN)63– and
Ru(NH3)63+. Here we demonstrate the
correlation between the simultaneously recorded fluorescence intensity
of resorufin and electrochemical oxidation current during potential
sweep experiments. FEEM is used to quantitatively detect the reduction
of ferricyanide down to a concentration of approximately 100 μM
on a 25 μm ultramicroelectrode. We also demonstrate that dihydroresorufin,
as a fluorogenic indicator, gives an improved temporal response and
significantly decreases diffusional broadening of the signal in FEEM
as compared to resazurin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Oja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Sambur
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850;
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850;
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Nongjian Tao
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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45
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Chen P, Zhou X, Andoy NM, Han KS, Choudhary E, Zou N, Chen G, Shen H. Spatiotemporal catalytic dynamics within single nanocatalysts revealed by single-molecule microscopy. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:1107-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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