1
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Sun Q, Dong W, Bao B, Lyu Y, Han J, Guo R. Hydrolysis of Nerve Agent Simulants Accelerated by Stimuli-Responsive Dinuclear Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9975-9982. [PMID: 38747890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The ability to control the catalytic activity of enzymes in chemical transformations is essential for the design and development of artificial catalysts. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of functional ligands featuring two 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane units linked by an azobenzene group and their corresponding dinuclear Zn(II) complexes. We show that the configuration switching (E/Z) of the azobenzene spacer in the ligands and their dinuclear Zn(II) complexes is reversibly controlled by irradiation with UV and visible light. The Zn(II)-metal complexes are light-responsive catalysts for the hydrolytic cleavage of nerve agent simulants, i.e., p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate and methyl paraoxon. The catalytic activity of the Z-isomers of the dinuclear Zn(II) complexes outperformed that of the E-counterparts. Moreover, combining the less active E-isomers with gold nanoparticles induced an enhancement in the hydrolysis rate of p-nitrophenyl diphenyl phosphate. Kinetic analysis has shown that the catalytic site appears to involve a single metal ion. We explain our results by considering the different desolvation effects occurring in the catalyst's configurations in the solution and the catalytic systems involving gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Wenqian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Baocheng Bao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yanchao Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Jie Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Rong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou ,Jiangsu 225002, China
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2
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Rölz M, Butschke B, Breit B. Azobenzene-Integrated NHC Ligands: A Versatile Platform for Visible-Light-Switchable Metal Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13210-13225. [PMID: 38709955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A new class of photoswitchable NHC ligands, named azImBA, has been developed by integrating azobenzene into a previously unreported imidazobenzoxazol-1-ylidene framework. These rigid photochromic carbenes enable precise control over confinement around a metal's coordination sphere. As a model system, gold(I) complexes of these NHCs exhibit efficient bidirectional E-Z isomerization under visible light, offering a versatile platform for reversibly photomodulating the reactivity of organogold species. Comprehensive kinetic studies of the protodeauration reaction reveal rate differences of up to 2 orders of magnitude between the E and Z isomers of the NHCs, resulting in a quasi-complete visible-light-gated ON/OFF switchable system. Such a high level of photomodulation efficiency is unprecedented for gold complexes, challenging the current state-of-the-art in photoswitchable organometallics. Thorough investigations into the ligand properties paired with structure-reactivity correlations underscored the unique ligand's steric features as a key factor for reactivity. This effective photocontrol strategy was further validated in gold(I) catalysis, enabling in situ photoswitching of catalytic activity in the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation and -amination of alkynes. Given the significance of these findings and its potential as a widely applicable, easily customizable photoswitchable ancillary ligand platform, azImBA is poised to stimulate the development of adaptive, multifunctional metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rölz
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Butschke
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Sherstiuk A, Lledós A, Lönnecke P, Hernando J, Sebastián RM, Hey-Hawkins E. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Phosphines for the Palladium-Catalyzed Stille Coupling Reaction. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7652-7664. [PMID: 38624066 PMCID: PMC11061837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Homogeneous transition metal catalysis is a constantly developing field in chemical sciences. A growing interest in this area is photoswitchable catalysis, which pursues in situ modulation of catalyst activity through noninvasive light irradiation. Phosphorus ligands are excellent targets to accomplish this goal by introducing photoswitchable moieties; however, only a limited number of examples have been reported so far. In this work, we have developed a series of palladium complexes capable of catalyzing the Stille coupling reaction that contain photoisomerizable phosphine ligands based on dithienylethene switches. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing substituents into these dithienylethene moieties allows variation of the electron density on the phosphorus atom of the ligands upon light irradiation, which in turn leads to a modulation of the catalytic properties of the formed complexes and their activity in a model Stille coupling reaction. These results are supported by theoretical computations, which show that the energy barriers for the rate-determining steps of the catalytic cycle decrease when the photoswitchable phosphine ligands are converted to their closed state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sherstiuk
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Lönnecke
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jordi Hernando
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sebastián
- Department
of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro
de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona,Spain
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leipzig University, Johannisallee 29, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Lu H, Ye H, You L. Photoswitchable Cascades for Allosteric and Bidirectional Control over Covalent Bonds and Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38620077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Studies of complex systems and emerging properties to mimic biosystems are at the forefront of chemical research. Dynamic multistep cascades, especially those exhibiting allosteric regulation, are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate a versatile platform of photoswitchable covalent cascades toward remote and bidirectional control of reversible covalent bonds and ensuing assemblies. The relay of a photochromic switch, keto-enol equilibrium, and ring-chain equilibrium allows light-mediated reversible allosteric structural changes. The accompanying distinct reactivity further enables photoswitchable dynamic covalent bonding and release of substrates bidirectionally through alternating two wavelengths of light, essentially realizing light-mediated signaling cycles. The downfall of energy by covalent bond formation/scission upon photochemical reactions offers the driving force for the controlled direction of the cascade. To show the molecular diversity, photoswitchable on-demand assembly/disassembly of covalent polymers, including structurally reconfigurable polymers, was realized. This work achieves photoswitchable allosteric regulation of covalent architectures within dynamic multistep cascades, which has rarely been reported before. The results resemble allosteric control within biological signaling networks and should set the stage for many endeavors, such as dynamic assemblies, molecular motors, responsive polymers, and intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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5
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Todarwal Y, Norman P, Mikkelsen KV. Dynamical Effects of Solvation on Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane Systems. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2602-2610. [PMID: 38511966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Molecules that can undergo reversible chemical transformations following the absorption of light, the so-called molecular photoswitches, have attracted increasing attention in technologies, such as solar energy storage. Here, the optical and thermochemical properties of the photoswitch are central to its applicability, and these properties are influenced significantly by solvation. We investigate the effects of solvation on two norbornadiene/quadricyclane photoswitches. Emphasis is put on the energy difference between the two isomers and the optical absorption as these are central to the application of the systems in solar energy storage. Using a combined classical molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical computational scheme, we showcase that the dynamic effects of solvation are important. In particular, it is found that standard implicit solvation models generally underestimate the energy difference between the two isomers and overestimate the strength of the absorption, while the explicit solvation spectra are also less red-shifted than those obtained using implicit solvation models. We also find that the absorption spectra of the two systems are strongly correlated with specific dihedral angles. Altogether, this highlights the importance of including the dynamic effects of solvation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogesh Todarwal
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Norman
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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6
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Lvov AG, Klimenko LS, Bykov VN, Hecht S. Revisiting Peri-Aryloxyquinones: From a Forgotten Photochromic System to a Promising Tool for Emerging Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303654. [PMID: 38085655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging applications of photochromic compounds demand new molecular designs that can be inspired by some long-known yet currently forgotten classes of photoswitches. In the present review, we remind the community about Peri-AryloxyQuinones (PAQs) and their unique photoswitching behavior originally discovered more than 50 years ago. At the heart of this phenomenon is the light-induced migration of an aromatic moiety (arylotropy) in peri-aryloxy-substituted quinones resulting in ana-quinones. PAQs feature absorbance of both isomers in the visible spectral region, photochromism in the amorphous and crystalline state, and thermal stability of the photogenerated ana-isomer. Particularly noticeable is the high sensitivity of the ana-isomer towards nucleophiles in solution. In addition to the mechanism of molecular photochromism and the underlaying structure-switch relationships, we analyze potential applications and prospects of aryloxyquinones in optically switchable materials and devices. Due to their ability to efficiently photoswitch in the solid state, PAQs are indeed attractive candidates for such materials and devices, including electronics (optically controllable circuits, switches, transistors, memories, and displays), porous crystalline materials, crystalline actuators, photoactivated sensors, and many more. This review is intended to serve as a guide for researchers who wish to use photoswitchable PAQs in the development of new photocontrollable materials, devices, and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klimenko
- Yugra State University, 16 Chekhov St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628012, Russia
| | - Vasily N Bykov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Jia S, Ye H, He P, Lin X, You L. Selection of isomerization pathways of multistep photoswitches by chalcogen bonding. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7139. [PMID: 37932318 PMCID: PMC10628202 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multistep photoswitches are able to engage in different photoisomerization pathways and are challenging to control. Here we demonstrate a multistep sequence of E/Z isomerization and photocyclization/cycloreversion of photoswitches via manipulating the strength and mechanism of noncovalent chalcogen bonding interactions. The incorporation of chalcogens and the formyl group on open ethene bridged dithienylethenes offers a versatile skeleton for single photochromic molecules. While bidirectional E/Z photoswitching is dominated by neutral tellurium arising from enhanced resonance-assisted chalcogen bonding, the creation of cationic telluronium enables the realization of photocyclization/cycloreversion. The reversible nucleophilic substitution reactions further allow interconversion between neutral tellurium and cationic telluronium and selection of photoisomerization mechanisms on purpose. By leveraging unique photoswitching patterns and dynamic covalent reactivity, light and pH stimuli-responsive multistate rewritable materials were constructed, triggered by an activating reagent for additional control. The results should provide ample opportunities to molecular recognition, intelligent switches, information encryption, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaipeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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8
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Buß F, Das M, Janssen-Müller D, Sietmann A, Das A, Wilm LFB, Freitag M, Seidl M, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines: using light to modulate the electron-donating ability of phosphines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12019-12022. [PMID: 37728017 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04050j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of photoswitchable electron-rich phosphines containing N-heterocyclic imines equipped with a photochromic dithienylethene unit are reported. Heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and UV/vis studies reveal that the imine substituents undergo reversible electrocyclic ring-closing and ring-opening reactions upon exposure to UV and visible light, respectively. The photoisomerization alters the electron-donating ability of the phosphines by up to ΔTEP = 8 cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florenz Buß
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Sietmann
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Ankita Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Lukas F B Wilm
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Matthias Freitag
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
- Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innrain 80-82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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9
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Hillers-Bendtsen AE, Elholm JL, Obel OB, Hölzel H, Moth-Poulsen K, Mikkelsen KV. Searching the Chemical Space of Bicyclic Dienes for Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage Candidates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309543. [PMID: 37489860 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoswitches are molecular systems that are chemically transformed subsequent to interaction with light and they find potential application in many new technologies. The design and discovery of photoswitch candidates require intricate molecular engineering of a range of properties to optimize a candidate to a specific applications, a task which can be tackled efficiently using quantum chemical screening procedures. In this paper, we perform a large scale screening of approximately half a million bicyclic diene photoswitches in the context of molecular solar thermal energy storage using ab initio quantum chemical methods. We further device an efficient strategy for scoring the systems based on their predicted solar energy conversion efficiency and elucidate potential pitfalls of this approach. Our search through the chemical space of bicyclic dienes reveals systems with unprecedented solar energy conversion efficiencies and storage densities that show promising design guidelines for next generation molecular solar thermal energy storage systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Lynge Elholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar Berlin Obel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Helen Hölzel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kasper Moth-Poulsen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain
- The Institute of Materials Science of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Kurt V Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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10
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Chen Z, Sun Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang Z. Tailoring Polymerization Controllability and Dispersity Through a Photoswitchable Catalyst Strategy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300198. [PMID: 37231589 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Modulating on-demand polymerization is a challenge in synthetic macromolecules. Herein, tailoring polymerization controllability and dispersity during single-electron transfer mediated living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) is achieved. Hexaarylbiimidazole (HABI) is employed as a photoswitchable catalyst, allowing reversible control of catalytic activity between an active and inactive state. In the presence of HABI and with the light on (active state), control SET-LRP of MMA follows first-order kinetics, resulting in polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution. In contrast, polymerization responds to light and reverts to their original uncontrolled state with light off (inactive state). Therefore, repeatable resetting polymerization can be easily performed. The key to photomodulating dispersity is to use an efficient molecular switch to tailor the breadths of dispersity. Besides, the mechanism of HABI-mediated SET-LRP with switchable ability is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuan Chen
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Thin Films, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, College of Chemistry Engineering and Materials Science of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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11
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Sheng J, Pooler DRS, Feringa BL. Enlightening dynamic functions in molecular systems by intrinsically chiral light-driven molecular motors. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5875-5891. [PMID: 37581608 PMCID: PMC10464662 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00247k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a fundamental property which plays a major role in chemistry, physics, biological systems and materials science. Chiroptical artificial molecular motors (AMMs) are a class of molecules which can convert light energy input into mechanical work, and they hold great potential in the transformation from simple molecules to dynamic systems and responsive materials. Taking distinct advantages of the intrinsic chirality in these structures and the unique opportunity to modulate the chirality on demand, chiral AMMs have been designed for the development of light-responsive dynamic processes including switchable asymmetric catalysis, chiral self-assembly, stereoselective recognition, transmission of chirality, control of spin selectivity and biosystems as well as integration of unidirectional motion with specific mechanical functions. This review focuses on the recently developed strategies for chirality-led applications by the class of intrinsically chiral AMMs. Finally, some limitations in current design and challenges associated with recent systems are discussed and perspectives towards promising candidates for responsive and smart molecular systems and future applications are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Sheng
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Daisy R S Pooler
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Martínez-Vivas S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Supramolecular Control of the Oxidative Addition as a Way To Improve the Catalytic Efficiency of Pincer-Rhodium (I) Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307198. [PMID: 37342877 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
1 H NMR studies using a cationic complex with a pyridine-di-imidazolylidene pincer ligand of formula [Rh(CNC)(CO)]+ revealed that this compound showed high binding affinity with coronene in CH2 Cl2 . The interaction between coronene and the planar RhI complex is established by means of π-stacking interactions. This interaction has a strong impact on the electron-donating strength of the pincer CNC ligand, which is increased significantly, as demonstrated by the shifting of the ν(CO) stretching bands to lower frequencies. The addition of coronene increases the reaction rate of the nucleophilic attack of methyl iodide on the rhodium (I) pincer complex, and also has a positive effect on the performance of the complex as a catalyst in the cycloisomerization of 4-pentynoic acid. These findings highlight the importance of supramolecular interactions for tuning the reactivity and catalytic activity of square-planar metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez-Vivas
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
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13
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Wang Q, Shang Z, Wang H, Wei A. Electro- and photoactivation of silver-iron oxide particles as magnetically recyclable catalysts for cross-coupling reactions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5074-5082. [PMID: 36806420 PMCID: PMC10057351 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04629f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Ag particles decorated with Fe3O4 islands can be electrochemically or photochemically activated as inverse catalysts for C(sp2)-H heteroarylation. The silver-iron oxide (SIO) particles are reduced into redox-active forms by cathodic charging at mild potentials or by short-term light exposure, and can be reused multiple times by magnetic cycling without further activation. A negative shift in the reduction peak is attributed to an overpotential produced by surface Fe3O4 which separates residual Ag ions or clusters from bulk silver. The catalytic efficiency of SIO is maintained even with acid degradation, which can be countered simply by adding water to the reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Dept. of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Zhongxia Shang
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alexander Wei
- Dept. of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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14
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Kempfer-Robertson EM, Avdic I, Haase MN, Pike TD, Thompson LM. Protonation state control of electric field induced molecular switching mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5251-5261. [PMID: 36723228 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04494c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy tip-induced deprotonation has been demonstrated experimentally and can be used as an additional control mechanism in electric-field induced molecular switching. The goal of the current work is to establish whether (de)protonation can be used to inhibit or enhance the electric field controlled thermal and photoisomerization processes. Dihydroxyazobenzene is used as a model system, where protonation/deprotonation of the free hydroxyl moiety changes the azo bond order, and so modifies the rate of electric field induced isomerization. Through the combined action of deprotonation and applied field, it was found that the cis-to-trans thermal isomerization barrier could be completely removed, changing the isomerization half-life from the order of several months. In addition, due to the presence of multiple isomerization mechanisms, electric fields could modify the isomerization kinetics by increasing the number of energetically viable isomerization pathways, rather than reducing the activation barrier of the lowest energy pathway. Excited state calculations indicated that the protonation state and electric field could be used together to control the presence of electronic degeneracies along the rotation pathway between S0/S1, and along all three pathways between S1/S2. This work provides insight into the mechanisms that enable the use of protonation state, light, and electric fields in concert to control molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irma Avdic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Meagan N Haase
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Thomas Dane Pike
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
| | - Lee M Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40208, USA.
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15
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Xia X, Gao T, Li F, Suzuki R, Isono T, Satoh T. Sequential Polymerization from Complex Monomer Mixtures: Access to Multiblock Copolymers with Adjustable Sequence, Topology, and Gradient Strength. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochao Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Tianle Gao
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Feng Li
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takuya Isono
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Satoh
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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16
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Griffiths RR, Greenfield JL, Thawani AR, Jamasb AR, Moss HB, Bourached A, Jones P, McCorkindale W, Aldrick AA, Fuchter MJ, Lee AA. Data-driven discovery of molecular photoswitches with multioutput Gaussian processes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13541-13551. [PMID: 36507171 PMCID: PMC9682911 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04306h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoswitchable molecules display two or more isomeric forms that may be accessed using light. Separating the electronic absorption bands of these isomers is key to selectively addressing a specific isomer and achieving high photostationary states whilst overall red-shifting the absorption bands serves to limit material damage due to UV-exposure and increases penetration depth in photopharmacological applications. Engineering these properties into a system through synthetic design however, remains a challenge. Here, we present a data-driven discovery pipeline for molecular photoswitches underpinned by dataset curation and multitask learning with Gaussian processes. In the prediction of electronic transition wavelengths, we demonstrate that a multioutput Gaussian process (MOGP) trained using labels from four photoswitch transition wavelengths yields the strongest predictive performance relative to single-task models as well as operationally outperforming time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) in terms of the wall-clock time for prediction. We validate our proposed approach experimentally by screening a library of commercially available photoswitchable molecules. Through this screen, we identified several motifs that displayed separated electronic absorption bands of their isomers, exhibited red-shifted absorptions, and are suited for information transfer and photopharmacological applications. Our curated dataset, code, as well as all models are made available at https://github.com/Ryan-Rhys/The-Photoswitch-Dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan-Rhys Griffiths
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0HEUK
| | - Jake L. Greenfield
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0BZUK,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität WürzburgWürzburg 97074Germany
| | - Aditya R. Thawani
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0BZUK
| | - Arian R. Jamasb
- The Computer Laboratory, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0FDUK
| | | | - Anthony Bourached
- The Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurology, University College LondonLondon WC1N 3BGUK
| | - Penelope Jones
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0HEUK
| | - William McCorkindale
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0HEUK
| | - Alexander A. Aldrick
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0HEUK
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0BZUK
| | - Alpha A. Lee
- The Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0HEUK
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17
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Yu Y, Zheng X, Duan C, Craig SL, Widenhoefer RA. Force-Modulated Selectivity of the Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of 1-Alkenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xujun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chenghao Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stephen L. Craig
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ross A. Widenhoefer
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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18
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Switchable aqueous catalytic systems for organic transformations. Commun Chem 2022; 5:115. [PMID: 36697818 PMCID: PMC9814960 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, enzyme catalysis takes place in aqueous media with extraordinary spatiotemporal control and precision. The mechanistic knowledge of enzyme catalysis and related approaches of creating a suitable microenvironment for efficient chemical transformations have been an important source of inspiration for the design of biomimetic artificial catalysts. However, in "nature-like" environments, it has proven difficult for artificial catalysts to promote effective chemical transformations. Besides, control over reaction rate and selectivity are important for smart application purposes. These can be achieved via incorporation of stimuli-responsive features into the structure of smart catalytic systems. Here, we summarize such catalytic systems whose activity can be switched 'on' or 'off' by the application of stimuli in aqueous environments. We describe the switchable catalytic systems capable of performing organic transformations with classification in accordance to the stimulating agent. Switchable catalytic activity in aqueous environments provides new possibilities for the development of smart materials for biomedicine and chemical biology. Moreover, engineering of aqueous catalytic systems can be expected to grow in the coming years with a further broadening of its application to diverse fields.
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19
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On the Computational Design of Azobenzene-Based Multi-State Photoswitches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158690. [PMID: 35955820 PMCID: PMC9369132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to theoretically design multi-state photoswitches with specific properties, an exhaustive computational study is first carried out for an azobenzene dimer that has been recently synthesized and experimentally studied. This study allows for a full comprehension of the factors that govern the photoactivated isomerization processes of these molecules so to provide a conceptual/computational protocol that can be applied to generic multi-state photoswitches. From this knowledge a new dimer with a similar chemical design is designed and also fully characterized. Our theoretical calculations predict that the new dimer proposed is one step further in the quest for a double photoswitch, where the four metastable isomers could be selectively interconverted through the use of different irradiation sequences.
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20
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Advances in the Structural Strategies of the Self-Assembly of Photoresponsive Supramolecular Systems. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147998. [PMID: 35887350 PMCID: PMC9317886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosensitive supramolecular systems have garnered attention due to their potential to catalyze highly specific tasks through structural changes triggered by a light stimulus. The tunability of their chemical structure and charge transfer properties provides opportunities for designing and developing smart materials for multidisciplinary applications. This review focuses on the approaches reported in the literature for tailoring properties of the photosensitive supramolecular systems, including MOFs, MOPs, and HOFs. We discuss relevant aspects regarding their chemical structure, action mechanisms, design principles, applications, and future perspectives.
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21
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Rocard L, Hannedouche J, Bogliotti N. Visible‐Light‐Initiated Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐coupling by PPh
3
Uncaging from an Azobenzene Ruthenium–Arene Complex. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200519. [PMID: 35543416 PMCID: PMC9400985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Photo‐release of triphenylphosphine from a sulfonamide azobenzene ruthenium–arene complex was exploited to activate PdIICl2 into Pd0 catalyst, for the photo‐initiation of Sonogashira cross‐coupling. The transformation was initiated on demand – by using simple white LED strip lights – with a high temporal response and the ability to control reaction rate by changing the irradiation time. Various substrates were successfully applied to this photo‐initiated cross‐coupling, thus illustrating the wide functional‐group tolerance of our photo‐caged catalyst activator, without any need for sophisticated photochemistry apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Rocard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Jérôme Hannedouche
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO) 91405 Orsay Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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22
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Gallarati S, Fabregat R, Juraskova V, Inizan TJ, Corminboeuf C. How Robust Is the Reversible Steric Shielding Strategy for Photoswitchable Organocatalysts? J Org Chem 2022; 87:8849-8857. [PMID: 35762705 PMCID: PMC9295146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A highly appealing strategy to modulate a catalyst's activity and/or selectivity in a dynamic and noninvasive way is to incorporate a photoresponsive unit into a catalytically competent molecule. However, the description of the photoinduced conformational or structural changes that alter the catalyst's intrinsic reactivity is often reduced to a handful of intuitive static representations, which can struggle to capture the complexity of flexible organocatalysts. Here, we show how a comprehensive exploration of the free energy landscape of N-alkylated azobenzene-tethered piperidine catalysts is essential to unravel the conformational characteristics of each configurational state and explain the experimentally observed reactivity trends. Mapping the catalysts' conformational space highlights the existence of false ON or OFF states that lower their switching ability. Our findings expose the challenges associated with the realization of a reversible steric shielding for the photocontrol of Brønsted basicity of piperidine photoswitchable organocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gallarati
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Raimon Fabregat
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Juraskova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Theo Jaffrelot Inizan
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Clemence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,National Center for Competence in Research─Catalysis (NCCR-Catalysis), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.,National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
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23
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Barsoum DN, Kirinda VC, Kang B, Kalow JA. Remote-Controlled Exchange Rates by Photoswitchable Internal Catalysis of Dynamic Covalent Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10168-10173. [PMID: 35640074 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The transesterification rate of boronate esters with diols is tunable over 14 orders of magnitude. Rate acceleration is achieved by internal base catalysis, which lowers the barrier for proton transfer. Here we report a photoswitchable internal catalyst that tunes the rate of boronic ester/diol exchange over 4 orders of magnitude. We employed an acylhydrazone molecular photoswitch, which forms a thermally stable but photoreversible intramolecular H-bond, to gate the activity of the internal base catalyst in 8-quinoline boronic ester. The photoswitch is bidirectional and can be cycled repeatedly. The intramolecular H-bond is found to be essential to the design of this photoswitchable internal catalyst, as protonating the quinoline with external sources of acid has little effect on the exchange rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Barsoum
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Viraj C Kirinda
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Boyeong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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24
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Liu R, Zhang X, Xia F, Dai Y. Azobenzene-based photoswitchable catalysts: State of the art and perspectives. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Fung THC, Wong CL, Tang WK, Leung MY, Low KH, Yam VWW. Photochromic dithienylethene-containing four-coordinate boron(III) compounds with a spirocyclic scaffold. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:4231-4234. [PMID: 35288724 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A new series of four-coordinate boron compounds bearing a photochromic dithienylethene-containing C^C ligand and an ancillary N^C ligand have been successfully designed and synthesised. These compounds exhibit reversible photochromism upon photoexcitation with percentage conversions of 71-96% and readily tuneable photocycloreversion quantum yields by convenient modification of the ancillary ligand to turn on the thermally activated upconversion from the lower-lying unreactive excited state to the higher-lying photoreactive excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Ho-Ching Fung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Cheok-Lam Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Wai-Kit Tang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ming-Yi Leung
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kam-Hung Low
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Bootsma J, Browne WR, Flapper J, de Bruin B. Photoactive Fe Catalyst for Light-Triggered Alkyd Paint Curing. JACS AU 2022; 2:531-540. [PMID: 35253002 PMCID: PMC8889616 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we show that the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ (Cp = cyclopentadienyl; arene = C6H6, C6H5Me) act as latent catalysts that allow for photochemical control over the onset of alkyd paint curing, without the need for antiskinning agents such as the volatile 2-butanone oxime normally used to prevent curing during paint storage. The highly soluble neutral complexes [(Cp)Fe(Ch)] and [(Cp)Fe(Ch')] (Ch = cyclohexadienyl, Ch' = methylcyclohexadienyl) readily convert to the photoactive complexes [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ upon oxidation in alkyd, allowing the latter to be dosed in a wide range of concentrations. Infrared and Raman studies show similar spectral changes of the alkyd paint matrix as have been observed in alkyd curing mediated by well-known, industrially applied cobalt- and manganese-based catalyst Co(neodecanoate)2 and [(Me3TACN)2Mn2(μ-OOCR)3](OOCR). The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ system performs equally well as these cobalt- and manganese-based catalysts in terms of drying time and outperform the manganese catalyst by showing a hardness development (increase) similar to that of the cobalt-based catalyst. Based on electron paramagnetic resonance and light-activity studies, we propose that photolysis of [(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ generates short-lived active FeII species, explaining the desired latency. The [(Cp)Fe(Ch)]/[(Cp)Fe(arene)]+ alkyd curing systems presented herein are unique examples of intrinsically latent paint curing catalysts that (1) are based on an abundant and harmless transition metal (Fe), (2) do not require any antiskinning agents, and (3) show favorable performance in terms of drying times and hardness development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Bootsma
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular
Inorganic Chemistry group, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747
AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jitte Flapper
- Akzo
Nobel Decorative Coatings B.V., Rijksstraatweg 31, 2171 AJ Sassenheim, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Homogeneous,
Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis Group, Van ’t Hoff
Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science
Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Wilm LFB, Das M, Janssen‐Müller D, Mück‐Lichtenfeld C, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoschaltbare Stickstoff‐Superbasen: Mit Licht Kohlenstoffdioxid reversibel fixieren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F. B. Wilm
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Daniel Janssen‐Müller
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Christian Mück‐Lichtenfeld
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institut für Organische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 36 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 28–30 48149 Münster Deutschland
- Institut für Allgemeine Anorganische und Theoretische Chemie Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck Innrain 80–82 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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28
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Ghorbani-Choghamarani A, Taherinia Z. Recent advances utilized in artificial switchable catalysis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:23595-23617. [PMID: 36090388 PMCID: PMC9389550 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03842k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing “green” catalytic systems with desirable performance such as solubility, recyclability, and switchability is a great challenge. However, inspired by nature, the studies on synthesis and activity of artificial switchable metal catalysts and organocatalysts have become an intense, fervid, and challenging field of research. The peculiarity of these catalysts is that they can be generally triggered in the “on” or “off” states by several external stimuli such as light, heat, solvents, pH change, coordination events or ion influxes, redox processes, mechanical forces, or other changes in reaction conditions. A large number of review articles are available in these areas. However, most efforts are currently focused on the invention of new types of switchable catalysts with different forms of stimuli–response units incorporated within their architectures in order to achieve control over the catalytic activity and regio-, chemo- and stereocontrol of various chemical reactions. Thus, in this review, we begin with a brief introduction to switchable catalysts, followed by discussion of types of stimuli and the influence factors on their activities in the field of biomedical engineering, and catalysis as well as related catalytic mechanisms summarized and discussed. The emphasis is on the recent advances utilized in artificial switchable catalysis. Catalytic systems based on the use of stimuli–responsive materials can be switched from an “on” active state to an “off” inactive state. Consequently, switchable catalysis, both chemical and biological, has played a pivotal role in this ‘greening’ of the pharmaceutical industry.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Taherinia
- Department of Chemistry, Ilam University, P. O. Box 69315516, Ilam, Iran
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29
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Jiang G, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Chemistry Constrained Diphenylethenes: Control over Reactivity and Luminescence in both Solution and Solid State. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diarylethenes (DAEs) are an important class of building blocks in chemistry and materials science, and hence, their modulation and functionalization are of critical significance. Here we demonstrate a general strategy...
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30
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Ramler J, Schwarzmann J, Stoy A, Lichtenberg C. Two Faces of the Bi−O Bond: Photochemically
and
Thermally Induced Dehydrocoupling for Si−O Bond Formation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2022:e202100934. [PMID: 35873275 PMCID: PMC9300068 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The diorgano(bismuth)alcoholate [Bi((C6H4CH2)2S)OPh] (1‐OPh) has been synthesized and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and (TD‐)DFT calculations suggest its susceptibility to homolytic and heterolytic Bi−O bond cleavage under given reaction conditions. Using the dehydrocoupling of silanes with either TEMPO or phenol as model reactions, the catalytic competency of 1‐OPh has been investigated (TEMPO=(tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐yl)‐oxyl). Different reaction pathways can deliberately be addressed by applying photochemical or thermal reaction conditions and by choosing radical or closed‐shell substrates (TEMPO vs. phenol). Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)‐DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Ramler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Johannes Schwarzmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stoy
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Crispin Lichtenberg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Philipps-Universität Marburg Fachbereich Chemie Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4 35032 Marburg Germany
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31
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Kaler S, Jones MD. Recent advances in externally controlled ring-opening polymerisations. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1241-1256. [PMID: 34918735 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Switchable catalysis is a powerful tool in the polymer chemist's toolbox as it allows on demand access to a variety of polymer architectures. Switchable catalysts operate by the generation of a species which is chemically distinct in behaviour and structure to the precursor. This difference in catalytic activity has been exploited to allow spatiotemporal control over polymerisations in the synthesis of (co)polymers. Although switchable methodologies have been applied to other polymerisation mechanisms for quite some time, for ring opening polymerisation (ROP) reactions it is a relatively young area of research. Despite its infancy, the field is accelerating rapidly. Here, we review recent developments for selected external stimuli for ROP, including redox chemistry, light, allosteric and mechanical control. Furthermore, a brief review on switch catalysis involving exogeneous gases will also be provided, although this area differs from traditional switchable catalysis techniques. An outlook on the future of switchable catalysis is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kaler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Matthew D Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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32
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Kuntze K, Viljakka J, Titov E, Ahmed Z, Kalenius E, Saalfrank P, Priimagi A. Towards low-energy-light-driven bistable photoswitches: ortho-fluoroaminoazobenzenes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 21:159-173. [PMID: 34888753 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermally stable photoswitches that are driven with low-energy light are rare, yet crucial for extending the applicability of photoresponsive molecules and materials towards, e.g., living systems. Combined ortho-fluorination and -amination couples high visible light absorptivity of o-aminoazobenzenes with the extraordinary bistability of o-fluoroazobenzenes. Herein, we report a library of easily accessible o-aminofluoroazobenzenes and establish structure-property relationships regarding spectral qualities, visible light isomerization efficiency and thermal stability of the cis-isomer with respect to the degree of o-substitution and choice of amino substituent. We rationalize the experimental results with quantum chemical calculations, revealing the nature of low-lying excited states and providing insight into thermal isomerization. The synthesized azobenzenes absorb at up to 600 nm and their thermal cis-lifetimes range from milliseconds to months. The most unique example can be driven from trans to cis with any wavelength from UV up to 595 nm, while still exhibiting a thermal cis-lifetime of 81 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kuntze
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jani Viljakka
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Evgenii Titov
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Zafar Ahmed
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Elina Kalenius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Smart Photonic Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, 33101, Tampere, Finland.
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33
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Kuntze K, Isokuortti J, Siiskonen A, Durandin N, Laaksonen T, Priimagi A. Azobenzene Photoswitching with Near-Infrared Light Mediated by Molecular Oxygen. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12568-12573. [PMID: 34735154 PMCID: PMC8607416 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c08012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Efficient photoisomerization between the cis and the trans states of azobenzenes using low-energy light is desirable for a range of applications in, e.g., photobiology yet challenging to accomplish directly with modified azobenzenes. Herein, we utilize molecular iodine as a photocatalyst to induce indirect cis-to-trans isomerization of 4,4'-dimethoxyazobenzene with 770 nm near-infrared light, showing robustness during more than 1000 cycles in ambient conditions. Intriguingly, the catalysis is mediated by molecular oxygen, and we demonstrate that other singlet-oxygen-generating photosensitizers besides iodine, i.e., palladium phthalocyanine, catalyze the isomerization as well. Thus, we envision that the approach can be further improved by employing other catalysts with suitable photoelectrochemical properties. Further studies are needed to explore the applicability of the approach with other azobenzene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Kuntze
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jussi Isokuortti
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Siiskonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Nikita Durandin
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Timo Laaksonen
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Arri Priimagi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, P.O. Box 541, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland
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34
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Wilm LFB, Das M, Janssen-Müller D, Mück-Lichtenfeld C, Glorius F, Dielmann F. Photoswitchable Nitrogen Superbases: Using Light for Reversible Carbon Dioxide Capture. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112344. [PMID: 34694044 PMCID: PMC9299603 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using light as an external stimulus to alter the reactivity of Lewis bases is an intriguing tool for controlling chemical reactions. Reversible photoreactions associated with pronounced reactivity changes are particularly valuable in this regard. We herein report the first photoswitchable nitrogen superbases based on guanidines equipped with a photochromic dithienylethene unit. The resulting N-heterocyclic imines (NHIs) undergo reversible, near quantitative electrocyclic isomerization upon successive exposure to UV and visible irradiation, as demonstrated over multiple cycles. Switching between the ring-opened and ring-closed states is accompanied by substantial pKa shifts of the NHIs by up to 8.7 units. Since only the ring-closed isomers are sufficiently basic to activate CO2 via the formation of zwitterionic Lewis base adducts, cycling between the two isomeric states enables the light-controlled capture and release of CO2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas F B Wilm
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Janssen-Müller
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Mück-Lichtenfeld
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Dielmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 28-30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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35
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Olagunju MO, Liu Y, Frenkel AI, Knecht MR. Atomically Resolved Characterization of Optically Driven Ligand Reconfiguration on Nanoparticle Catalyst Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:44302-44311. [PMID: 34499467 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic ligand layers on nanoparticle surfaces could prove to be critically important to enhance the functionality of individual materials. Such capabilities could complement the properties of the inorganic component to provide multifunctionality or the ability to be remotely actuated. Peptide-based ligands have demonstrated the ability to be remotely responsive to structural changes when adsorbed to nanoparticle surfaces via incorporation of photoswitches into their molecular structure. In this contribution, direct spectroscopic evidence of the remote actuation of a photoswitchable peptide adsorbed onto Au nanoparticles is demonstrated using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopic methods. From this analysis, Au-X (X = C or N) coordination numbers confirm the changes before and after photoswitching in the surface ligand conformation, which was correlated directly to variations in the catalytic application of the materials for nitrophenol reduction processes. In addition, the catalytic application of the materials was demonstrated to be significantly sensitive to the structure of the nitrophenol substrate used in the reaction, suggesting that changes in the reactivity are likely based upon the peptide conformation and substrate structure. Such results confirm that surface ligands can be remotely reconfigured on nanoparticle surfaces, providing pathways to apply such capabilities to a variety of applications beyond catalysis ranging from drug delivery to sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary O Olagunju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Anatoly I Frenkel
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Marc R Knecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
- Dr. J. T. Macdonald Foundation Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, UM Life Science Technology Building, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 475, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
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36
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Ruiz‐Zambrana C, Gutiérrez‐Blanco A, Gonell S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Redox‐Switchable Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids with Napthalenediimide‐Derived N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- César Ruiz‐Zambrana
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez‐Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM). Universitat Jaume I. Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n. 12071 Castellón Spain
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37
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Ruiz-Zambrana C, Gutiérrez-Blanco A, Gonell S, Poyatos M, Peris E. Redox-Switchable Cycloisomerization of Alkynoic Acids with Napthalenediimide-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20003-20011. [PMID: 34255909 PMCID: PMC8457061 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two naphthalene‐diimide (NDI) bis‐imidazolium salts have been used as N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors for the preparation of NDI‐functionalized complexes of rhodium and iridium of general formula [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] (M=Rh, Ir; NDI‐NHC=NDI‐functionalized NHC ligand). Comparison of the IR spectra of the complexes [IrCl(NDI‐NHC)(CO)2] and their related one‐ and two‐electron reduced forms, reveal that each one‐electron reduction produces a decrease of the average ν(CO) of 9–10 cm−1, indicating a significant enhancement of the electron‐richness of the metal. The [MCl(NDI‐NHC)(COD)] complexes were tested in the catalytic cycloisomerization of alkynoic acids. The one‐electron reduced forms showed greatly enhanced activities. For the cyclization of 5‐hexynoic acid, the two‐electron reduction of the ligand produced further enhancement of the catalytic activity, therefore showing that the catalyst can switch between three redox species with three distinct catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Ruiz-Zambrana
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez-Blanco
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sergio Gonell
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Macarena Poyatos
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Eduardo Peris
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)., Universitat Jaume I., Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n., 12071, Castellón, Spain
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38
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Nakamura K, Kondo M, Krishnan CG, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Azopyridine-based chiral oxazolines with rare-earth metals for photoswitchable catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7414-7417. [PMID: 34231579 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02602j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An azopyridine-based oxazoline was developed for utilizing azo group coordination and isomerization as a photoswitchable ligand. The ligand coordinated to rare-earth metal (RE) catalyst underwent efficient E/Z photoisomerization, suggesting tri- and bidentate coordination switching. The photoisomerization of the ligand enabled modulation of the enantioselectivity of an RE-catalyzed aminal forming reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Nakamura
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masaru Kondo
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan. and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, Hitachi 316-8511, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Chandu G Krishnan
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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39
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Shahrokhinia A, Biswas P, Reuther JF. Orthogonal synthesis and modification of polymer materials. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shahrokhinia
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - Priyanka Biswas
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
| | - James F. Reuther
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts USA
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40
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Kunfi A, Jablonkai I, Gazdag T, Mayer PJ, Kalapos PP, Németh K, Holczbauer T, London G. A photoresponsive palladium complex of an azopyridyl-triazole ligand: light-controlled solubility drives catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23419-23429. [PMID: 35479800 PMCID: PMC9036612 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03838a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, the design and synthesis of a click-derived Pd-complex merged with a photoswitchable azobenzene unit is presented. While in the trans-form of the switch the complex showed limited solubility, the photogenerated cis-form rendered the molecule soluble in polar solvents. This light-controllable solubility was exploited to affect the catalytic activity in the Suzuki coupling reaction. The effect of the substrate and catalyst concentration and light intensity on the proceeding and outcome of the reaction was studied. Dehalogenation of the aryl iodide starting material was found to be a major side reaction; however, its occurrence was dependent on the applied light intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kunfi
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - István Jablonkai
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Gazdag
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Péter J Mayer
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary .,Institute of Chemistry, University of Szeged Rerrich tér 1. 6720 Szeged Hungary
| | - Péter Pál Kalapos
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Krisztina Németh
- Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A 1117 Budapest Hungary.,MS Metabolomics Research Group, Instrumentation Center, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Centre for Structural Science and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Gábor London
- MTA TTK Lendület Functional Organic Materials Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences Magyar tudósok krt. 2. 1117 Budapest Hungary
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41
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Lentes P, Frühwirt P, Freißmuth H, Moormann W, Kruse F, Gescheidt G, Herges R. Photoswitching of Diazocines in Aqueous Media. J Org Chem 2021; 86:4355-4360. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Lentes
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Frühwirt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hilde Freißmuth
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Widukind Moormann
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fabian Kruse
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Georg Gescheidt
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Otto Hahn Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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42
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Majee D, Presolski S. Dithienylethene-Based Photoswitchable Catalysts: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Majee
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Yale-NUS College 16 College Ave West, Singapore 138527
| | - Stanislav Presolski
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Yale-NUS College 16 College Ave West, Singapore 138527
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43
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Kondo M, Nakamura K, Krishnan CG, Takizawa S, Abe T, Sasai H. Photoswitchable Chiral Phase Transfer Catalyst. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Kento Nakamura
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Chandu G. Krishnan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Abe
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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44
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Kaler S, McKeown P, Ward BD, Jones MD. Aluminium( iii) and zinc( ii) complexes of azobenzene-containing ligands for ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone and rac-lactide. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01303j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control the outcome of polymerisations using an external stimulus remains a formidable challenge.
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45
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Zhang W, Bu J, Wang L, Li P, Li H. Sunlight-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azobenzenes with arynes: an approach toward the carbazole skeleton. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00739d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A mild sunlight-mediated [3 + 2] cycloaddition of azobenzenes with arynes has been established for the construction of the carbazole backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Bu
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
- Advanced Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, Taizhou University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Pinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
| | - Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, P.R. China
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Chatterjee B, Chang W, Werlé C. Molecularly Controlled Catalysis – Targeting Synergies Between Local and Non‐local Environments. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202001431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Basujit Chatterjee
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Wei‐Chieh Chang
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion Stiftstr. 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
- Ruhr University Bochum Universitätsstr. 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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Sun N, Wang C, Wang H, Gao X, Jiang J. Photonic Switching Porous Organic Polymers toward Reversible Control of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:56491-56498. [PMID: 33263980 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling reaction of photoswitchable dithienylethene (AEDTE) with metal-free 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)porphyrin and its metal derivatives (MTIPP, M = H2, Zn(II), Fe(II)) results in three porous organic polymers (POPs) including AEDTE-H2TIPP-POP, AEDTE-ZnTIPP-POP, and AEDTE-FeTIPP-POP. The morphology, components, and structures of newly obtained POPs have been examined by a range of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including infrared spectroscopy (IR), solid-state UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The porous structures have been estimated by nitrogen and carbon dioxide sorption isotherms at 77 and 196 K, respectively. The open-AEDTE-H2TIPP-POP with AEDTE in an open form was revealed to be an effective and stable heterogeneous photocatalyst for visible light-driven oxidation of N-methylpyridinium salts possibly because of its relatively large specific surface area. In particular, a proof-of-concept of photoswitchable POP photocatalysts has been established using different light irradiation upon open-AEDTE-H2TIPP-POP to control its heterogeneous photocatalytic behaviors because of the adjustment over the electron transfer process and porous structures through photoisomerization of AEDTE. The present result highlights the bright perspective of photoswitching POPs in the field of materials chemistry and catalysis community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuewang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Sobczak
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Volodymyr Sashuk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44–52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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50
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Medici F, Goual N, Delattre V, Voituriez A, Marinetti A. Photoswitchable phosphines in catalysis. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Medici
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Nawel Goual
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Vincent Delattre
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Arnaud Voituriez
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Angela Marinetti
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, UPR 2301 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France
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