1
|
Liu H, Zhang D, Wang Y, Li H. Reversible Hydrogen Electrode (RHE) Scale Dependent Surface Pourbaix Diagram at Different pH. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:7632-7638. [PMID: 38552647 PMCID: PMC11008240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
In the analysis of electrocatalysis mechanisms and the design of catalysts, the effect of electrochemistry-induced surface coverage is a critical consideration that should not be overlooked. The surface Pourbaix diagram emerges as a fundamental tool in this context, providing essential insights into the surface coverage of adsorbates generated via electrochemical potential-driven water activation. A classic surface Pourbaix diagram considers the pH effects by correcting the free energy of H+ ions by the concentration-dependent term: -kBT ln(10) × pH, which is independent of the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) scale. However, this is sometimes inconsistent with the experimentally observed potential-dependent surface coverage at an RHE scale, especially under high-pH conditions. Here, we derived the pH-dependent surface Pourbaix diagram at an RHE scale by considering the energetics computed by density functional theory with the Bayesian Error Estimation Functional with van der Waals corrections (BEEF-vdW), the electric field effects, the derived adsorption-induced dipole moment and polarizability, and the potential of zero-charge. Using Pt(111) as the typical example, we found that the surface coverage predicted by the proposed RHE-dependent surface Pourbaix diagram can significantly minimize the discrepancy between theory and experimental observations, especially under neutral-alkaline, moderate-potential conditions. This work provides a new methodology and establishes guidelines for the precise analysis of the surface coverage prior to the evaluation of the activity of an electrocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Liu
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Di Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuan Wang
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hao Li
- Advanced Institute for Materials
Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Srivastava RR, Gautam D, Sahu R, Shukla PK, Mukherjee B, Srivastava A. Mechanistic insights on Bi-potentiodynamic control towards atomistic synthesis of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16433. [PMID: 37777645 PMCID: PMC10542813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, electrochemically assisted dissolution-deposition (EADD) is utilized over a three-electrode assembly to prepare an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cyclic voltammetry is performed to yield atomistic loading of platinum (Pt) over SnS2 nanostructures via Pt dissolution from the counter electrode (CE). Astonishingly, the working electrode (WE) swept at 50 mV/s is found to compel Pt CE to experience 1000-3000 mV/s. The effect of different potential scan rates at the WE have provided insight into the change in Pt dissolution and its deposition behaviour over SnS2 in three electrode assembly. However, uncontrolled overpotentials at CE in a three-electrode assembly made Pt dissolution-deposition behavior complex. Here, for the first time, we have demonstrated bi-potentiodynamic control for dissolution deposition of Pt in four-electrode assembly over Nickel (Ni) foam. The dual cyclic voltammetry is applied to achieve better control and efficiency of the EADD process, engendering it as a pragmatically versatile and scalable synthesis technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ranjan Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Divyansh Gautam
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajib Sahu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P K Shukla
- Vindhya Institute of Technology and Science, Satna, MP, 485001, India
| | - Bratindranath Mukherjee
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Imhof T, Della Bella RKF, Stühmeier BM, Gasteiger HA, Ledendecker M. Towards a realistic prediction of catalyst durability from liquid half-cell tests. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37470348 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02847j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid half-cell measurements provide a convenient laboratory method for determining relevant parameters of electro-catalysts applied in e.g. polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. While these measurements may be effective in certain contexts, their applicability to real-world systems, such as single-cells in a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) configuration, is not always clear. This is particularly true when assessing the stability of these systems through accelerated stress tests (ASTs). Due to different electrode compositions and operating conditions, nanoscale degradation proceeds differently. Nevertheless, given the high demands of MEA measurements in terms of time, testing equipment complexity, and amount of catalyst material, application-relevant predictions of catalyst durability from liquid half-cell tests are highly desirable. This study combines electrochemical and nanoparticle analysis based on transmission electron microscopy to conduct a typical voltage cycling AST for rotating disc electrode (RDE) measurements, showing that the loss of the electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) of the used Pt/Vulcan catalyst is strongly enhanced at 80 °C compared to room temperature, which goes along with increased nanoparticle coarsening. Additionally, a high ionomer/carbon mass ratio (I/C = 0.7) accelerates the ECSA loss, and further investigations of its influence suggest a combination of several factors, including the high local proton concentration and the presence of adsorbing anions. At the same temperature (80 °C) and I/C ratio (0.7), the ECSA loss vs. AST cycle number of the Pt/Vulcan catalyst is essentially identical for a voltage cycling AST conducted in either an RDE half-cell or an MEA configuration, suggesting that liquid electrolyte half-cell based ASTs can provide application-relevant results. Thus, our study points out a way for predicting the stability of electro-catalysts in MEAs based on RDE experiments that require less specialized equipment and only μg-quantities of catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Imhof
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | | | - Björn M Stühmeier
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hubert A Gasteiger
- Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Marc Ledendecker
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Strasse 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
- Technical University of Munich, Schulgasse 22, 94315 Straubing, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim JK, Kim S, Kim S, Kim HJ, Kim K, Jung W, Han JW. Dynamic Surface Evolution of Metal Oxides for Autonomous Adaptation to Catalytic Reaction Environments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203370. [PMID: 35738568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxides possessing distinctive physical/chemical properties due to different crystal structures and stoichiometries play a pivotal role in numerous current technologies, especially heterogeneous catalysis for production/conversion of high-valued chemicals and energy. To date, many researchers have investigated the effect of the structure and composition of these materials on their reactivity to various chemical and electrochemical reactions. However, metal oxide surfaces evolve from their initial form under dynamic reaction conditions due to the autonomous behaviors of the constituent atoms to adapt to the surrounding environment. Such nanoscale surface phenomena complicate reaction mechanisms and material properties, interrupting the clarification of the origin of functionality variations in reaction environments. In this review, the current findings on the spontaneous surface reorganization of metal oxides during reactions are categorized into three types: 1) the appearance of nano-sized second phase from oxides, 2) the (partial) encapsulation of oxide atoms toward supported metal surfaces, and 3) the oxide surface reconstruction with selective cation leaching in aqueous solution. Then their effects on each reaction are summarized in terms of activity and stability, providing novel insight for those who design metal-oxide-based catalytic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyu Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Kyeounghak Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kamat GA, Zamora Zeledón JA, Gunasooriya GTKK, Dull SM, Perryman JT, Nørskov JK, Stevens MB, Jaramillo TF. Acid anion electrolyte effects on platinum for oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. Commun Chem 2022; 5:20. [PMID: 36697647 PMCID: PMC9814610 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Platinum is an important material with applications in oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis. To better understand how its activity can be modulated through electrolyte effects in the double layer microenvironment, herein we investigate the effects of different acid anions on platinum for the oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER) and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction (HER/HOR) in pH 1 electrolytes. Experimentally, we see the ORR activity trend of HClO4 > HNO3 > H2SO4, and the OER activity trend of HClO4 [Formula: see text] HNO3 ∼ H2SO4. HER/HOR performance is similar across all three electrolytes. Notably, we demonstrate that ORR performance can be improved 4-fold in nitric acid compared to in sulfuric acid. Assessing the potential-dependent role of relative anion competitive adsorption with density functional theory, we calculate unfavorable adsorption on Pt(111) for all the anions at HER/HOR conditions while under ORR/OER conditions [Formula: see text] binds the weakest followed by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Our combined experimental-theoretical work highlights the importance of understanding the role of anions across a large potential range and reveals nitrate-like electrolyte microenvironments as interesting possible sulfonate alternatives to mitigate the catalyst poisoning effects of polymer membranes/ionomers in electrochemical systems. These findings help inform rational design approaches to further enhance catalyst activity via microenvironment engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Ashish Kamat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - José A Zamora Zeledón
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Samuel M Dull
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Joseph T Perryman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Catalysis Theory Center, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michaela Burke Stevens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Thomas F Jaramillo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 443 Via Ortega, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jerkiewicz G. Applicability of Platinum as a Counter-Electrode Material in Electrocatalysis Research. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c06040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang G, Wang Y, Wang G, Xiao L, Zhuang L. In situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy study of electrode-polyelectrolyte interfaces. Faraday Discuss 2021; 233:100-111. [PMID: 34889928 DOI: 10.1039/d1fd00051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As polyelectrolytes play a more and more important role in electrochemical fields, further understanding of the electrode-polyelectrolyte interface is in high demand. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is utilized widely in electrode-solution interface research due to its ultra-high sensitivity, but is still rarely in the study of the electrode-polyelectrolyte interface due to difficulties in constructing appropriate electrochemical in situ devices. Additionally, the reported electrochemical in situ Raman works on the electrode-polyelectrolyte interface have a common problem of the coexistence of electrode-solution interfaces and electrode-polyelectrolyte interfaces. Here, we used screen printing electrodes (SPE) with a compact planar three-electrode structure to carry out a new electrochemical in situ SERS test method, which was suitable for the study of the electrode-polyelectrolyte interface. Polyelectrolyte membranes can be conveniently and closely coated on the SPE's planar three electrodes to achieve isolated electrode-polyelectrolyte interfaces without electrode-solution interfaces coexisting. Strongly potential-dependent signals were obtained from the Pt-Nafion™ interface directly across the Nafion™ membrane, which verifies that this method is practical for the electrochemical in situ SERS study of the electrode-polyelectrolyte interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Yingming Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Gongwei Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Li Xiao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Lin Zhuang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Sources, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Elucidating Synergistic Effects of Different Metal Ratios in Bimetallic Fe/Co-N-C Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11070841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lowering or eliminating the noble-metal content in oxygen reduction fuel cell catalysts could propel the large-scale introduction of commercial fuel cell systems. Several noble-metal free catalysts are already under investigation with the metal-nitrogen-carbon (Me-N-C) system being one of the most promising. In this study, a systematic approach to investigate the influence of metal ratios in bimetallic Me-N-C fuel cells oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts has been taken. Different catalysts with varying ratios of Fe and Co have been synthesized and characterized both physically and electrochemically in terms of activity, selectivity and stability with the addition of an accelerated stress test (AST). The catalysts show different electrochemical properties depending on the metal ratio such as a high electrochemical mass activity with increasing Fe ratio. Properties do not change linearly with the metal ratio, with a Fe/Co ratio of 5:3 showing a higher mass activity with simultaneous higher stability. Selectivity indicators plateau for catalysts with a Co content of 50% metal ratio and less, showing the same values as a monometallic Co catalyst. These findings indicate a deeper relationship between the ratio of different metals and physical and electrochemical properties in bimetallic Me-N-C catalysts.
Collapse
|
10
|
Prokop M, Bystron T, Belsky P, Tucek O, Kodym R, Paidar M, Bouzek K. Degradation kinetics of Pt during high-temperature PEM fuel cell operation Part III: Voltage-dependent Pt degradation rate in single-cell experiments. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
11
|
Jerkiewicz G. Standard and Reversible Hydrogen Electrodes: Theory, Design, Operation, and Applications. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hanselman S, McCrum IT, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO 2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10634-10640. [PMID: 31701114 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics. Internal energy calculations predict 7/8 and 8/9 stripe structures to dominate at standard temperature and pressure, which contain 7 or 8 elevated PtO2 units per 8 or 9 supporting surface Pt atoms, respectively. Moreover, we found a thermodynamic optimum with respect to mean in-stripe Pt-Pt spacing close to that of α-PtO2. Vibrational zero point energies, including bulk layer contributions, make a small but significant contribution to the stripe free energies, leading to the 6/7 stripe being most stable, although the 7/8 structure is still close in free energy. These findings correspond closely to experimental observations, providing insight into the driving force for oxide stripe formation and structure as the initial intermediate of platinum surface oxidation, and aiding our understanding of platinum catalysts and surface roughening under oxidative conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Prokop M, Kodym R, Bystron T, Drakselova M, Paidar M, Bouzek K. Degradation kinetics of Pt during high-temperature PEM fuel cell operation part II: Dissolution kinetics of Pt incorporated in a catalyst layer of a gas-diffusion electrode. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
14
|
Degradation kinetics of Pt during high-temperature PEM fuel cell operation part I: Kinetics of Pt surface oxidation and dissolution in concentrated H3PO4 electrolyte at elevated temperatures. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
15
|
Mom R, Frevel L, Velasco-Vélez JJ, Plodinec M, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. The Oxidation of Platinum under Wet Conditions Observed by Electrochemical X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6537-6544. [PMID: 30929429 PMCID: PMC6727372 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
![]()
During
the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, platinum catalysts
are often (partially) oxidized. While these platinum oxides are thought
to play a crucial role in fuel cell degradation, their nature remains
unclear. Here, we studied the electrochemical oxidation of Pt nanoparticles
using in situ XPS. When the particles were sandwiched between a graphene
sheet and a proton exchange membrane that is wetted from the back,
a confined electrolyte layer was formed, allowing us to probe the
electrocatalyst under wet conditions. We show that the surface oxide
formed at the onset of Pt oxidation has a mixed Ptδ+/Pt2+/Pt4+ composition. The formation of this
surface oxide is suppressed when a Br-containing membrane is chosen
due to adsorption of Br on Pt. Time-resolved measurements show that
oxidation is fast for nanoparticles: even bulk PtO2·nH2O growth occurs on the subminute time scale.
The fast formation of Pt4+ species in both surface and
bulk oxide form suggests that Pt4+-oxides are likely formed
(or reduced) even in the transient processes that dominate Pt electrode
degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Mom
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Lorenz Frevel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Milivoj Plodinec
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany.,Rudjer Boskovic Institute , Bijenicka 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lamsal RP, Jerkiewicz G, Beauchemin D. Enhancement of the Capabilities of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Monosegmented Flow Analysis. Anal Chem 2018; 90:13842-13847. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ram P. Lamsal
- Queen’s University, Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Queen’s University, Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Queen’s University, Department of Chemistry, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Baroody HA, Stolar DB, Eikerling MH. Modelling-based data treatment and analytics of catalyst degradation in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
18
|
Arulmozhi N, Esau D, Lamsal RP, Beauchemin D, Jerkiewicz G. Structural Transformation of Monocrystalline Platinum Electrodes upon Electro-oxidation and Electro-dissolution. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nakkiran Arulmozhi
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Derek Esau
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ram P. Lamsal
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Corrosion Behavior of Platinum in Aqueous H2SO4 Solution: Part 1—Influence of the Potential Scan Rate and the Dissolved Gas. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-018-0454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
Electroanalytical Assessment of the Function of Nickel in Alkaline Electrocatalysis of Glycerol. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
21
|
Umeda M, Okuda Y, Takizawa S, Inoue M, Nakazawa A. Electrochemical Dissolution of Platinum Electrode in Perfluoroalkylsulfonic Acid. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-017-0400-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Park JH, Steingart DA, Kodambaka S, Ross FM. Electrochemical electron beam lithography: Write, read, and erase metallic nanocrystals on demand. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700234. [PMID: 28706992 PMCID: PMC5507638 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We develop a solution-based nanoscale patterning technique for site-specific deposition and dissolution of metallic nanocrystals. Nanocrystals are grown at desired locations by electron beam-induced reduction of metal ions in solution, with the ions supplied by dissolution of a nearby electrode via an applied potential. The nanocrystals can be "erased" by choice of beam conditions and regrown repeatably. We demonstrate these processes via in situ transmission electron microscopy using Au as the model material and extend to other metals. We anticipate that this approach can be used to deposit multicomponent alloys and core-shell nanostructures with nanoscale spatial and compositional resolutions for a variety of possible applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeung Hun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
| | - Daniel A. Steingart
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.A.S.); (S.K.); (F.M.R.)
| | - Suneel Kodambaka
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.A.S.); (S.K.); (F.M.R.)
| | - Frances M. Ross
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
- Corresponding author. (D.A.S.); (S.K.); (F.M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prokop M, Bystron T, Paidar M, Bouzek K. H3PO3 electrochemical behaviour on a bulk Pt electrode: adsorption and oxidation kinetics. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.07.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
24
|
Gottlieb E, Kopeć M, Banerjee M, Mohin J, Yaron D, Matyjaszewski K, Kowalewski T. In-Situ Platinum Deposition on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Films as a Source of Catalytic Activity in a Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:21531-8. [PMID: 27441591 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b03924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Copolymer-templated nitrogen-doped carbon (CTNC) films deposited on glassy carbon were used as electrodes to study electrochemically driven hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 0.5 M H2SO4. The activity of these materials was extremely enhanced when a platinum counter electrode was used instead of a graphite rod and reached the level of commercial Pt/C electrodes. Postreaction scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of electrode surfaces revealed that incorporation of even extremely low amounts of Pt resulted in this considerable gain of HER activity. High resolution XPS analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that pyridinic nitrogen atoms act as active sites for Pt coordination and deposition. The Pt can be incorporated in both molecular (Pt(2+)) and metallic (Pt(0)) form. This study shows that great caution must be taken when designing "metal-free" HER catalysts based on N-doped carbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gottlieb
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Maciej Kopeć
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Manali Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jacob Mohin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - David Yaron
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tomasz Kowalewski
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Macromolecular Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tian M, Cousins C, Beauchemin D, Furuya Y, Ohma A, Jerkiewicz G. Influence of the Working and Counter Electrode Surface Area Ratios on the Dissolution of Platinum under Electrochemical Conditions. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Tian
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Christine Cousins
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Yoshihisa Furuya
- Nissan
Research Center, Nissan Motor Company, 1-Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ohma
- Nissan
Research Center, Nissan Motor Company, 1-Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department
of Chemistry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
McMath AA, van Drunen J, Kim J, Jerkiewicz G. Identification and Analysis of Electrochemical Instrumentation Limitations through the Study of Platinum Surface Oxide Formation and Reduction. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3136-43. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A. McMath
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Julia van Drunen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jutae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Gregory Jerkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
Hsieh YC, Senanayake SD, Zhang Y, Xu W, Polyansky DE. Effect of Chloride Anions on the Synthesis and Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Silver Nanocoral Electrodes for CO2 Electroreduction. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Hsieh
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Sanjaya D. Senanayake
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Wenqian Xu
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Dmitry E. Polyansky
- Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zadick A, Dubau L, Sergent N, Berthomé G, Chatenet M. Huge Instability of Pt/C Catalysts in Alkaline Medium. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anicet Zadick
- University Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- University Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicolas Sergent
- University Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Berthomé
- University Grenoble Alpes, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, SIMAP, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Marian Chatenet
- University Grenoble Alpes, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, LEPMI, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- French University Institute (IUF), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|