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Kolek P, Andrzejak M, Uchacz T, Goclon J, Pogocki D, Kisała J, Bankiewicz B, Szlachcic P, Tulej M. LIF spectrum for the localised S 0 → S 1(ππ*) excitation in the H-bonded anthranilic acid dimer: Symmetry breaking or coupling of vibrations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 319:124491. [PMID: 38823243 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of the π → π* excitation localised in one monomer on the equilibrium geometry and oscillations of the AA dimer. Several low-frequency vibrations appear in pairs in the LIF spectrum because oscillations involving intermolecular hydrogen bonds are coupled, generating approximately symmetric and antisymmetric combinations (especially the COOH rocking modes, LIF: 295 and 301 cm-1). Furthermore, quantitative evaluation based on the TDDFT(B3LYP) results indicates that a dozen among 90 intramolecular oscillations are strongly coupled. In contrast, most vibrations are decoupled or weakly coupled, since they involve remote parts of the monomers. This makes several single vibrations active in the LIF spectrum (including the bending mode of the NH···O intramolecular hydrogen bond associated the strongest vibronic band 442 cm-1), while the other in each pair remains inactive. The reason for decoupling of oscillations and symmetry breaking is that the π → π* electronic excitation is entirely localised within one of the monomers, which makes them no longer equivalent in terms of geometry and dynamics. Additionally, the excitation of one monomer induces strengthening and shortening by 6 pm of only one intermolecular hydrogen bond linking the carboxylic groups of both molecules. This causes the 1.7° in-plane distortion of the dimer and lowering of its symmetry to Cs group (from C2h for the S0 state). The distortion induces the activity of two low-frequency in-plane intermolecular vibrations, i.e. the geared oscillation (LIF: 58 cm-1) and the shearing motion (99 cm-1) of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kolek
- Institute of Physics, University of Rzeszów, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland.
| | - Marcin Andrzejak
- K. Gumiński Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Uchacz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Goclon
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pogocki
- Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kisała
- Institute of Biology University of Rzeszow, 1 Pigonia Street, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Barbara Bankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Szlachcic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, ul. Balicka 122, PL-31-149 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Tulej
- Physics Institute, Space Research and Planetary Sciences, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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2
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Flores J, Ruscitti M, Khani S, Reilly NJ. Electronic Spectrum of α-Hydrofulvenyl Radical (C 6H 7), and a Simple and Accurate Recipe for Predicting Adiabatic Ionization Energies of Resonance-Stabilized Hydrocarbon Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 39264134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Using a combination of resonant two-photon two-color ionization (R2C2PI) and laser-induced fluorescence/dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy, we have examined the A ~ 2A″ ← X ~ 2A″ transition of the resonance-stabilized α-hydrofulvenyl radical, produced from methylcyclopentadiene dimer in a jet-cooled discharge. Like the related 1,4-pentadienyl and cyclohexadienyl radicals, the α-hydrofulvenyl Ã-state lifetime is orders of magnitude shorter than the predicted f-value implies, indicative of rapid nonradiative decay. The transition is fully allowed by symmetry but considerably weakened by transition moment interference. Intensity borrowing among a' modes brings about static (i.e., Condon) and vibronic (i.e., Herzberg-Teller) moments of similar size, the result being a spectrum substantially less origin-dominated than is usually observed for extensively delocalized radicals. Twenty A ~ -state modes and twelve X ~ -state modes are identified with high confidence and assignments for several others are suggested. In addition, from a series of two-color appearance potential scans with the A ~ -state zero-point level serving as an intermediate, we obtain a field-free adiabatic ionization energy (AIE) of 7.012(1) eV. For a set of 21 resonance-stabilized radicals bearing 5 to 11 carbon atoms, it emerges that the field-free AIE obtained by R2C2PI methods under jet-cooled conditions lies very close to the average of B3LYP/6-311G++(d,p) (with harmonic zero-point energy) and CBS-QB3 0 K calculations, with a mean absolute deviation of only 0.010(7) eV (approximately 1 kJ/mol). On average, this represents a nearly 10-fold improvement in accuracy over CBS-QB3 predictions for the same set of radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Flores
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Massimo Ruscitti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Sima Khani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
| | - Neil J Reilly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, United States
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3
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Borrisov B, Tsvetkov M, Zahariev T, Elenkova D, Morgenstern B, Dimov D, Kukeva R, Trendafilova N, Georgieva I. Effect of Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate Ligand on the Luminescence Properties of Heteroligand Samarium and Europium Complexes: Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:13840-13864. [PMID: 38996195 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of two isostructural heteroligand lanthanide complexes of general formula Ln(pdtc)3(phen) (pdtc = pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate anion, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), Ln = Sm3+ (1), Eu3+ (2)) were studied in solid state and dichloromethane (DCM) solution. The two lanthanide complexes were investigated by experimental techniques for structural (single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1, powder XRD, TG-DTA) and spectroscopic [electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), infrared (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), photoluminescence (PL)] characterization. DFT/TDDFT/ωB97xD and multireference SA-CASSCF/NEVPT2 calculations with perturbative spin-orbit coupling corrections were applied to construct the Jablonski energy diagrams and to discuss the excited state energy transfer mechanism with competing excited state processes and possible sensitized mechanism of metal-centered emission. The first excited state (S1) involved in the excited state energy transfer L(antenna)-to-Ln was predicted to have interligand (pdtc-to-phen) charge transfer character in contrast to the previously predicted ligand-to-metal charge transfer character. The theoretical consideration showed similar relaxation paths and luminescence quenching channels and appropriate Donor*(phen)-Acceptor*(Ln3+) energy gap for 1 and 2. The experimental measurements in the solid state, however, showed efficient luminescence and good ability to convert UV to visible light only for the Sm(pdtc)3(phen) complex. The minor emission of 2 was explained by partial reduction of Eu3+, confirmed by EPR and calculated electron density distribution data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Borrisov
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Martin Tsvetkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 James Bourchier blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetan Zahariev
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Elenkova
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 James Bourchier blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Bernd Morgenstern
- Inorganic Solid State Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus Geb. C4 1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Deyan Dimov
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 109, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rositsa Kukeva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Natasha Trendafilova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina Georgieva
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 11, Acad. G. Bonchev str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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4
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Khanna A, Shedge SV, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Isborn CM. Calculating absorption and fluorescence spectra for chromophores in solution with ensemble Franck-Condon methods. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044121. [PMID: 39077907 DOI: 10.1063/5.0217080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurately modeling absorption and fluorescence spectra for molecules in solution poses a challenge due to the need to incorporate both vibronic and environmental effects, as well as the necessity of accurate excited state electronic structure calculations. Nuclear ensemble approaches capture explicit environmental effects, Franck-Condon methods capture vibronic effects, and recently introduced ensemble-Franck-Condon approaches combine the advantages of both methods. In this study, we present and analyze simulated absorption and fluorescence spectra generated with combined ensemble-Franck-Condon approaches for three chromophore-solvent systems and compare them to standard ensemble and Franck-Condon spectra, as well as to the experiment. Employing configurations obtained from ground and excited state ab initio molecular dynamics, three combined ensemble-Franck-Condon approaches are directly compared to each other to assess the accuracy and relative computational time. We find that the approach employing an average finite-temperature Franck-Condon line shape generates spectra nearly identical to the direct summation of an ensemble of Franck-Condon spectra at one-fourth of the computational cost. We analyze how the spectral simulation method, as well as the level of electronic structure theory, affects spectral line shapes and associated Stokes shifts for 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl and Nile red in dimethyl sulfoxide and 7-methoxy coumarin-4-acetic acid in methanol. For the first time, our studies show the capability of combined ensemble-Franck-Condon methods for both absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy and provide a powerful tool for simulating linear optical spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Khanna
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Sapana V Shedge
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Tim J Zuehlsdorff
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Christine M Isborn
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
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5
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Cui K, Hammes-Schiffer S. Theory for proton-coupled energy transfer. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034113. [PMID: 39012810 DOI: 10.1063/5.0217546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In the recently discovered proton-coupled energy transfer (PCEnT) mechanism, the transfer of electronic excitation energy between donor and acceptor chromophores is coupled to a proton transfer reaction. Herein, we develop a general theory for PCEnT and derive an analytical expression for the nonadiabatic PCEnT rate constant. This theory treats the transferring hydrogen nucleus quantum mechanically and describes the PCEnT process in terms of nonadiabatic transitions between reactant and product electron-proton vibronic states. The rate constant is expressed as a summation over these vibronic states, and the contribution of each pair of vibronic states depends on the square of the vibronic coupling as well as the spectral convolution integral, which can be viewed as a generalization of the Förster-type spectral overlap integral for vibronic rather than electronic states. The convolution integral also accounts for the common vibrational modes shared by the donor and acceptor chromophores for intramolecular PCEnT. We apply this theory to model systems to investigate the key features of PCEnT processes. The excited vibronic states can contribute significantly to the total PCEnT rate constant, and the common modes can either slow down or speed up the process. Because the pairs of vibronic states that contribute the most to the PCEnT rate constant may correspond to spectroscopically dark states, PCEnT could occur even when there is no apparent overlap between the donor emission and acceptor absorption spectra. This theory will assist in the interpretation of experimental data and will guide the design of additional PCEnT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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6
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Jacobi R, González L. Resonance energy transfer in orthogonally arranged chromophores: a question of molecular representation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12299-12305. [PMID: 38602332 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00420e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Energy transfer between orthogonally arranged chromophores is typically considered impossible according to conventional Förster resonance energy transfer theory. Nevertheless, the disruption of orthogonality by nuclear vibrations can enable energy transfer, what has prompted the necessity for formal expansions of the standard theory. Here, we propose that there is no need to extend conventional Förster theory in such cases. Instead, a more accurate representation of the chromophores is required. Through calculations of the energy transfer rate using structures from a thermal ensemble, rather than relying on equilibrium geometries, we show that the standard Förster resonance energy transfer theory is still capable of describing energy transfer in orthogonally arranged systems. Our calculations explain how thermal vibrations influence the electronic properties of the states involved in energy transfer, affecting the alignment of transition dipole moments and the intensity of transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jacobi
- Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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7
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Galiana J, Lasorne B. Excitation energy transfer and vibronic relaxation through light-harvesting dendrimer building blocks: A nonadiabatic perspective. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:104104. [PMID: 38465688 DOI: 10.1063/5.0193264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The light-harvesting excitonic properties of poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) extended dendrimers (tree-like π-conjugated macromolecules) involve a directional cascade of local excitation energy transfer (EET) processes occurring from the "leaves" (shortest branches) to the "trunk" (longest branch), which can be viewed from a vibronic perspective as a sequence of internal conversions occurring among a connected graph of nonadiabatically coupled locally excited electronic states via conical intersections. The smallest PPE building block that is able to exhibit EET, the asymmetrically meta-substituted PPE oligomer with one acetylenic bond on one side and two parallel ones on the other side (hence, 2-ring and 3-ring para-substituted pseudo-fragments), is a prototype and the focus of the present work. From linear-response time-dependent density functional theory electronic-structure calculations of the molecule as regards its first two nonadiabatically coupled, optically active, singlet excited states, we built a (1 + 2)-state-8-dimensional vibronic-coupling Hamiltonian model for running subsequent multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree wavepacket relaxations and propagations, yielding both steady-state absorption and emission spectra as well as real-time dynamics. The EET process from the shortest branch to the longest one occurs quite efficiently (about 80% quantum yield) within the first 25 fs after light excitation and is mediated vibrationally through acetylenic and quinoidal bond-stretching modes together with a particular role given to the central-ring anti-quinoidal rock-bending mode. Electronic and vibrational energy relaxations, together with redistributions of quantum populations and coherences, are interpreted herein through the lens of a nonadiabatic perspective, showing some interesting segregation among the foremost photoactive degrees of freedom as regards spectroscopy and reactivity.
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8
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Palmer MH, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Aitken RA, Perrault L, Patterson ILJ. The ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum of gamma-pyrone; the singlet states studied by configuration interaction and density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054305. [PMID: 38341687 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A synchrotron based vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum for γ-pyrone has been interpreted in terms of singlet excited electronic states using a variety of coupled cluster, configuration interaction, and density functional calculations. The extremely weak spectral onset at 3.557 eV shows eight vibrational peaks, which following previous analyses, are attributed to a forbidden 1A2 state. A contrasting broad peak with a maximum at 5.381 eV has a relatively high cross-section of 30 Mb; this arises from three overlapping states, where a 1A1 state dominates over progressively weaker 1B2 and 1B1 states. After fitting the second band to a polynomial Gaussian function and plotting the regular residuals over 20 vibrational peaks, we have had limited success in analyzing this fine structure. However, the small separation between these three states clearly shows that their vibrational satellites must overlap. Singlet valence and Rydberg state vibrational profiles were determined by configuration interaction using the CAM-B3LYP density functional. Vibrational analysis using both the Franck-Condon and Herzberg-Teller procedures showed that both procedures contributed to the profiles. Theoretical Rydberg states were evaluated by a highly focused CI procedure. The superposition of the lowest photoelectron spectral band on the vacuum ultraviolet spectrum near 6.4 eV shows that the 3s and 3p Rydberg states based on the 2B2 ionic state are present; those based on the other low-lying ionic state (X2B1) are destroyed by broadening; this is a dramatic extension of the broadening previously witnessed in our studies of halogenobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Instituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Alan Aitken
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Loëlia Perrault
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Iain L J Patterson
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST Scotland, United Kingdom
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9
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Roy A, Samanta S, Ray S, S SK, Mondal P. Unraveling the mystery of solvation-dependent fluorescence of fluorescein dianion using computational study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:034302. [PMID: 38235793 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescein, one of the brightest fluorescent dye molecules, is a widely used fluorophore for various applications from biomedicine to industry. The dianionic form of fluorescein is responsible for its high fluorescence quantum yield. Interestingly, the molecule was found to be nonfluorescent in the gas phase. This characteristic is attributed to the photodetachment process, which out-competes the fluorescence emission in the gas phase. In this work, we show that the calculated vertical and adiabatic detachment energies of fluorescein dianion in the gas and solvent phases account for the drastic differences observed in their fluorescence characteristics. The functional dependence of these detachment energies on the dianion's microsolvation was systematically investigated. The performance of different solvent models was also assessed. The higher thermodynamic stability of fluorescein dianion over the monoanion doublet in the solvent phase plays a crucial role in quenching photodetachment and activating the radiative channel with a high fluorescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abheek Roy
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Suvadip Samanta
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Soumyadip Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Sunil Kumar S
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - Padmabati Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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10
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Soltani Nejad M, Alipour M. How does theory compare to experiment for oscillator strengths in electronic spectra? Proposing range-separated hybrids with reliable accountability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:879-894. [PMID: 38087910 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04793h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As an important quantity in atomic and molecular spectroscopy, oscillator strength should be mentioned. Oscillator strength is linked to the transition dipole moment and consequently to the transition probability between two states, where its magnitude is directly connected to the intensity of the peaks in ultraviolet-visible spectra. However, accurately accounting for oscillator strengths still remains one of the greatest challenges in theory and experiment. Given previous efforts in the context of investigations into oscillator strengths, the related theoretical treatments are relatively limited and have proven to be challenging. In this work, the oscillator strengths in the electronic spectra of organic compounds have thoroughly been investigated with the help of optimally tuned range-separated hybrids (OT-RSHs). In particular, variants of the OT-RSHs combined with the polarizable continuum model (PCM), OT-RSHs-PCM, as well as their screened versions accounting for the screening effects by the electron correlation through the dielectric constant, OT-SRSHs-PCM, are proposed for reliable prediction of the oscillator strengths. The role of the involved ingredients in the proposed methods, namely the underlying density functional approximations, short-range and long-range Hartree-Fock (HF) exchange, as well as the range-separation parameter, has been examined in detail. It is shown that any combination of the parameters in the proposed approximations does not render the reliable oscillator strengths, but a particular compromise among them is needed to describe the experimental data well. Perusing all the results of our developed methods, the best ones are found to be the generalized gradient approximation-based OT-RSHs-PCM, coupled with the linear response theory in the non-equilibrium solvation regime, with the correct asymptotic behavior and incorporating no (low) HF exchange contributions in the short-range part. The best proposed approximations also reveal superior performances not only with respect to their standard counterparts with the default parameters but also as compared to earlier range-separated functionals. Finally, the applicability of the best approximation is also put into broader perspective, where it is used for predicting the oscillator strengths in other sets of compounds not included in the process of developing the approximations. Hopefully, our proposed method can function as an affordable alternative to the expensive wave function-based methods for both theoretical modeling and confirming the experimental observations in the field of electronic spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Soltani Nejad
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Alipour
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84795, Iran.
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11
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Wenzel M, Mitric R. Prediction of fluorescence quantum yields using the extended thawed Gaussian approximation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:234113. [PMID: 38108487 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous emission and internal conversion rates are calculated within harmonic approximations and compared to the results obtained within the semi-classical extended thawed Gaussian approximation (ETGA). This is the first application of the ETGA in the calculation of internal conversion and emission rates for real molecular systems, namely, formaldehyde, fluorobenzene, azulene, and a dicyano-squaraine dye. The viability of the models as black-box tools for prediction of spontaneous emission and internal conversion rates is assessed. All calculations were done using a consistent protocol in order to investigate how different methods perform without previous experimental knowledge using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) with B3LYP, PBE0, ωB97XD, and CAM-B3LYP functionals. Contrasting the results with experimental data shows that there are further improvements required before theoretical predictions of emission and internal conversion rates can be used as reliable indicators for the photo-luminescence properties of molecules. We find that the ETGA performs rather similar to the vertical harmonical model. Including anharmonicities in the calculation of internal conversion rates has a moderate effect on the quantitative results in the studied systems. The emission rates are fairly stable with respect to computational parameters, but the internal conversion rate reveals itself to be highly dependent on the choice of the spectral line shape function, particularly the width of the Lorentzian function, associated with homogeneous broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Inai N, Yamaguchi S, Yanai T. Theoretical Insight into the Effect of Phosphorus Oxygenation on Nonradiative Decays: Comparative Analysis of P-Bridged Stilbene Analogs. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:540-552. [PMID: 38034034 PMCID: PMC10683489 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of the phosphorus element into a π-conjugated skeleton offers valuable prospects for adjusting the electronic structure of the resulting functional π-electron systems. Trivalent phosphorus has the potential to decrease the LUMO level through σ*-π* interaction, which is further enhanced by its oxygenation to the pentavalent P center. This study shows that utilizing our computational analysis to examine excited-state dynamics based on radiative/nonradiative rate constants and fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) is effective for analyzing the photophysical properties of P-containing organic dyes. We theoretically investigate how the trivalent phosphanyl group and pentavalent phosphine oxide moieties affect radiative and nonradiative decay processes. We evaluate four variations of P-bridged stilbene analogs. Our analysis reveals that the primary decay pathway for photoexcited bis-phosphanyl-bridged stilbene is the intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state and nonradiative. The oxidation of the phosphine moiety, however, suppresses the ISC due to the relative destabilization of the triplet states. The calculated rate constants match an increase in experimental ΦF from 0.07 to 0.98, as simulated from 0.23 to 0.94. The reduced HOMO-LUMO gap supports a red shift in the fluorescence spectra relative to the phosphine analog. The thiophene-fused variant with the nonoxidized trivalent P center exhibits intense emission with a high ΦF, 0.95. Our prediction indicates that the ISC transfer is obstructed owing to the relatively destabilized triplet state induced by the thiophene substitution. Conversely, the thiophene-fused analog with the phosphine oxide moieties triggers a high-rate internal conversion mediated by conical intersection, leading to a decreased ΦF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Inai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules, (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules, (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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13
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Chang JL, Chen HY, Huang YJ. Reassignment of the Photoelectron Spectrum of Methylketene Using a Hybrid Model of Harmonic and Anharmonic Oscillators to Compute Franck-Condon Factors. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:40685-40694. [PMID: 37953835 PMCID: PMC10637627 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
We constructed a hybrid model of harmonic and anharmonic oscillators to compute Franck-Condon factors and interpret the photoelectron spectrum of methylketene. The equilibrium structures of methylketene and its cation were optimized, and then, the harmonic and anharmonic vibrational frequencies were computed using the B3LYP, PBE0, APFD, and ωB97XD approaches of the density functional theory. The photoelectron spectrum of methylketene was simulated by computing the Franck-Condon factors with both the harmonic and hybrid models. The adiabatic ionization energy of methylketene was computed by using the CCSD(T) approach extrapolating to the complete basis set limit. The simulated photoelectron spectra are consistent with those from the experiment for both the harmonic and hybrid models. However, the error in band positions is reduced by using the hybrid model. The computed adiabatic ionization energies of methylketene are in agreement with the experiment, with the smallest error being 0.017 eV. Our interpretation based on the theoretical spectrum led to the reassignment of the experimental photoelectron spectrum of methylketene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Chang
- Department of Science Education
and Application, National Taichung University
of Education, Taichung 403514, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Hsiang-Yu Chen
- Department of Science Education
and Application, National Taichung University
of Education, Taichung 403514, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Yun-Jhu Huang
- Department of Science Education
and Application, National Taichung University
of Education, Taichung 403514, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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14
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Palmer MH, Hoffmann SV, Jones NC, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Aitken RA, Peureux C. High-level studies of the singlet states of quadricyclane, including analysis of a new experimental vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum by configuration interaction and density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:234303. [PMID: 37318170 DOI: 10.1063/5.0151758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectrum (VUV) of quadricyclane (QC) is reported with energies up to 10.8 eV. Extensive vibrational structure has been extracted from the broad maxima by fitting short energy ranges of the VUV spectrum to high level polynomial functions and processing the regular residuals. Comparison of these data with our recent high-resolution photoelectron spectral of QC showed that this structure must be attributed to Rydberg states (RS). Several of these appear before the valence states at higher energies. Both types of states have been calculated by configuration interaction, including symmetry-adapted cluster studies (SAC-CI) and time dependent density functional theoretical methods (TDDFT). There is a close correlation between the SAC-CI vertical excitation energies (VEE) and both Becke 3-parameter hybrid functional (B3LYP), especially Coulomb-attenuating method-B3LYP determined ones. The VEE for several low-lying s-, p, d-, and f-RS have been determined by SAC-CI and adiabatic excitation energies by TDDFT methods. Searches for equilibrium structures for 11,3A2 and 11B1 states for QC led to rearrangement to a norbornadiene structure. Determination of the experimental 00 band positions, which show extremely low cross-sections, has been assisted by matching features in the spectra with Franck-Condon (FC) fits. Herzberg-Teller (HT) vibrational profiles for the RS are more intense than the FC ones, but only at high energy, and are attributed to up to ten quanta. The vibrational fine structure of the RS calculated by both FC and HT procedures gives an easy route to generating HT profiles for ionic states, which usually require non-standard procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - R Alan Aitken
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Coralyse Peureux
- School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
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15
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Chow M, Lambros E, Li X, Hammes-Schiffer S. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital QM/MM Approach: Geometry Optimizations and Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37329317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) methods allow simulations of chemical reactions in atomistic solvent and heterogeneous environments such as proteins. Herein, the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) QM/MM approach is introduced to enable the quantization of specified nuclei, typically protons, in the QM region using a method such as NEO-density functional theory (NEO-DFT). This approach includes proton delocalization, polarization, anharmonicity, and zero-point energy in geometry optimizations and dynamics. Expressions for the energies and analytical gradients associated with the NEO-QM/MM method, as well as the previously developed polarizable continuum model (NEO-PCM), are provided. Geometry optimizations of small organic molecules hydrogen bonded to water in either dielectric continuum solvent or explicit atomistic solvent illustrate that aqueous solvation can strengthen hydrogen-bonding interactions for the systems studied, as indicated by shorter intermolecular distances at the hydrogen-bond interface. We then performed a real-time direct dynamics simulation of a phenol molecule in explicit water using the NEO-QM/MM method. These developments and initial examples provide the foundation for future studies of nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics in complex chemical and biological environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Chow
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eleftherios Lambros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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16
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Chen CG, Giustini M, D'Abramo M, Amadei A. Unveiling the Excited State Dynamics of Indole in Solution. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37329333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we reconstruct in detail the dynamics of the emitting electronic excited state of aqueous indole, investigating its relaxation mechanism and kinetics to be related to the time-dependent fluorescence signal. Taking advantage of the results shown in a very recent paper, we were able to model the relaxation process in solution in terms of the transitions between two gas-phase singlet electronic states (1La and 1Lb), subsequently irreversibly relaxing to the gas-phase singlet dark state (1πσ*). A comparison of the results with the available experimental data shows that the relaxation mechanism we obtain by our theoretical-computational model is reliable, reproducing rather accurately all the experimental observables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Giustini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Marco D'Abramo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Andrea Amadei
- Department of Technological and Chemical Sciences, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome 00133, Italy
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17
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Perrella F, Coppola F, Rega N, Petrone A. An Expedited Route to Optical and Electronic Properties at Finite Temperature via Unsupervised Learning. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083411. [PMID: 37110644 PMCID: PMC10144358 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electronic properties and absorption spectra are the grounds to investigate molecular electronic states and their interactions with the environment. Modeling and computations are required for the molecular understanding and design strategies of photo-active materials and sensors. However, the interpretation of such properties demands expensive computations and dealing with the interplay of electronic excited states with the conformational freedom of the chromophores in complex matrices (i.e., solvents, biomolecules, crystals) at finite temperature. Computational protocols combining time dependent density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) have become very powerful in this field, although they require still a large number of computations for a detailed reproduction of electronic properties, such as band shapes. Besides the ongoing research in more traditional computational chemistry fields, data analysis and machine learning methods have been increasingly employed as complementary approaches for efficient data exploration, prediction and model development, starting from the data resulting from MD simulations and electronic structure calculations. In this work, dataset reduction capabilities by unsupervised clustering techniques applied to MD trajectories are proposed and tested for the ab initio modeling of electronic absorption spectra of two challenging case studies: a non-covalent charge-transfer dimer and a ruthenium complex in solution at room temperature. The K-medoids clustering technique is applied and is proven to be able to reduce by ∼100 times the total cost of excited state calculations on an MD sampling with no loss in the accuracy and it also provides an easier understanding of the representative structures (medoids) to be analyzed on the molecular scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Perrella
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Federico Coppola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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18
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Tuli LB, Goettl SJ, Turner AM, Howlader AH, Hemberger P, Wnuk SF, Guo T, Mebel AM, Kaiser RI. Gas phase synthesis of the C40 nano bowl C 40H 10. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1527. [PMID: 36934084 PMCID: PMC10024697 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanobowls represent vital molecular building blocks of end-capped nanotubes and fullerenes detected in combustion systems and in deep space such as toward the planetary nebula TC-1, but their fundamental formation mechanisms have remained elusive. By merging molecular beam experiments with electronic structure calculations, we reveal a complex chain of reactions initiated through the gas-phase preparation of benzocorannulene (C24H12) via ring annulation of the corannulenyl radical (C20H9•) by vinylacetylene (C4H4) as identified isomer-selectively in situ via photoionization efficiency curves and photoion mass-selected threshold photoelectron spectra. In silico studies provided compelling evidence that the benzannulation mechanism can be expanded to pentabenzocorannulene (C40H20) followed by successive cyclodehydrogenation to the C40 nanobowl (C40H10) - a fundamental building block of buckminsterfullerene (C60). This high-temperature pathway opens up isomer-selective routes to nanobowls via resonantly stabilized free-radical intermediates and ring annulation in circumstellar envelopes of carbon stars and planetary nebulae as their descendants eventually altering our insights of the complex chemistry of carbon in our Galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotefa B Tuli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Andrew M Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - A Hasan Howlader
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patrick Hemberger
- Paul Scherrer Insitute, CH-5232, Villigen PSI, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Tianjian Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 370001, PR China
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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19
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Ray S, Mondal P. Electronic Substitution Effect on the Ground and Excited State Properties of Indole Chromophore: A Computational Study. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200541. [PMID: 36334020 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Indole, being the main chromophore of amino acid tryptophan and several other biologically relevant molecules like serotonin, melatonin, has prompted considerable theoretical and experimental interest. The current work focuses on the investigation of substitution effect on the ground and excited electronic states of indole using computational quantum chemistry. Having three close-lying excited electronic states, the vibronic coupling effect becomes extremely important yet challenging for the photophysics and photochemistry of indole. Here, we have evaluated the performance of time-dependent density functional theory against available experimental and ab initio results from the literature. The electronic effects on the excited states of indole and indole derivatives e. g. tryptophan, serotonin and melatonin are reported. A bathochromic shift has been observed in the absorption spectrum for the La state. The absorption wavelength increases in the order of indole<tryptophan <serotonin <melatonin. While the contribution of the in-plane small adjacent groups increases the electron density of the indole ring, the out-of-plane long substituent groups have minor effect. The absorption spectra calculated including the vibronic coupling are in good agreement with experiments. These results can be used to estimate the error in photophysical observables of indole derivatives calculated considering indole as a prototypical system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Ray
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences and Technologies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Padmabati Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences and Technologies, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam, Tirupati, 517507, Andhra Pradesh, India
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20
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Tikhonov SA, Sidorin AE, Ksenofontov AA, Kosyanov DY, Samoilov IS, Skitnevskaya AD, Trofimov AB, Antina EV, Berezin MB, Vovna VI. XPS and quantum chemical analysis of 4Me-BODIPY derivatives. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:5211-5225. [PMID: 36723097 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04541a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The results of a X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and steady-state absorption spectroscopy study of the electronic structure, and cationic and excited states of a series of 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-substituted BODIPYs (4Me,2R-BODIPYs) are presented. The experimental data were interpreted using high-level ab initio quantum chemical computations, including the algebraic diagrammatic construction method for the polarization propagator of the second order (ADC(2)), the outer-valence Green's function (OVGF) method, the density functional (DFT) approach, and the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) approach. Substitution effects on the XPS and absorption spectra were determined for 2,6-positions of 4Me,2R-BODIPY pyrrole nuclei (R = H, Br, Bu, benzyl). A very satisfactory performance of the DFT Koopmans theorem analogue was demonstrated with respect to the energy intervals between the electronic levels of 4Me,2R-BODIPY above 13 eV (BHHLYP functional) and the values of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap (ωB97X functional).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tikhonov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey E Sidorin
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander A Ksenofontov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Denis Yu Kosyanov
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation.,Institute of Automation and Control Processes, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5 Radio Street, 690041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
| | - Ilya S Samoilov
- Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piip blvd. 9, 683023 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russian Federation. .,Department of Photonics, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Embankment, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Anna D Skitnevskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander B Trofimov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems, Irkutsk State University, Karl Marx Str. 1, 664003 Irkutsk, Russian Federation.,Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky St., 664033 Irkutsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Antina
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail B Berezin
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Str. 1, 153045 Ivanovo, Russian Federation
| | - Vitaliy I Vovna
- Far Eastern Federal University, 10 Ajax Bay, Russky Island, 690922 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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21
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He C, Kaiser RI, Lu W, Ahmed M, Reyes Y, Wnuk SF, Mebel AM. Exotic Reaction Dynamics in the Gas-Phase Preparation of Anthracene (C 14H 10) via Spiroaromatic Radical Transients in the Indenyl-Cyclopentadienyl Radical-Radical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3084-3091. [PMID: 36701838 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase reaction between the 1-indenyl (C9H7•) radical and the cyclopentadienyl (C5H5•) radical has been investigated for the first time using synchrotron-based mass spectrometry coupled with a pyrolytic reactor. Soft photoionization with tunable vacuum ultraviolet photons afforded for the isomer-selective identification of the production of phenanthrene, anthracene, and benzofulvalene (C14H10). The classical theory prevalent in the literature proposing that radicals combine only at their specific radical centers is challenged by our discovery of an unusual reaction pathway that involves a barrierless combination of a resonantly stabilized hydrocarbon radical with an aromatic radical at the carbon atom adjacent to the traditional C1 radical center; this unconventional addition is followed by substantial isomerization into phenanthrene and anthracene via a category of exotic spiroaromatic intermediates. This result leads to a deeper understanding of the evolution of the cosmic carbon budget and provides new methodologies for the bottom-up synthesis of unique spiroaromatics that may be relevant for the synthesis of more complex aromatic carbon skeletons in deep space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Wenchao Lu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yahaira Reyes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Stanislaw F Wnuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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22
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Wenzel M, Mitric R. Internal conversion rates from the extended thawed Gaussian approximation: Theory and validation. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034105. [PMID: 36681643 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The theoretical prediction of the rates of nonradiative processes in molecules is fundamental in assessing their emissive properties. In this context, global harmonic models have been widely used to simulate vibronic spectra as well as internal conversion rates and to predict photoluminescence quantum yields. However, these simplified models suffer from the limitations that are inherent to the harmonic approximation and can have a severe effect on the calculated internal conversion rates. Therefore, the development of more accurate semiclassical methods is highly desirable. Here, we introduce a procedure for the calculation of nonradiative rates in the framework of the time-dependent semi-classical Extended Thawed Gaussian Approximation (ETGA). We systematically investigate the performance of the ETGA method by comparing it to the adiabatic and vertical harmonic methods, which belong to the class of widely used global harmonic models. Its performance is tested in potentials that cannot be treated adequately by global harmonic models, beginning with Morse potentials of varying anharmonicity followed by a double well potential. The calculated radiative and nonradiative internal conversion rates are compared to reference values based on exact quantum dynamics. We find that the ETGA has the capability to predict internal conversion rates in anharmonic systems with an appreciable energy gap, whereas the global harmonic models prove to be insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wenzel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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23
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Palmer MH, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Aitken RA, Sonecha DK. The ionic and ground states of gamma-pyrone. The photoionization spectrum studied by synchrotron radiation and interpreted by configuration interaction and density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014304. [PMID: 36610975 DOI: 10.1063/5.0128764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A synchrotron-based photoionization spectrum up to 27 eV represents a considerable improvement in resolution over early He(I) and He(II) spectra. Symmetry-adapted coupled cluster calculations of the ionic state sequence give the sequence of state vertical ionization energies (VIE) as 12B2 < 12B1 < 12A2 < 22B1 < 12A1. Generally, these symmetry-adapted cluster configuration interactions VIE match reasonably well with the experimental spectrum over this wide energy range. Density functional calculations of the corresponding adiabatic terms (AIE) were also performed. Higher energy ionic states were determined by complete active space self-consistent field methods; these include all π-ionizations and some σ-ionic states. These were analyzed by Franck-Condon (FC) procedures and compared with an experiment. The spectral onset is complex, where two states, later shown to be the 12B2 and 12B1 states, are strongly overlapping. The superposition of the FC vibrational structure in the 12B2 and 12B1 states accounts for most of the peaks arising at the onset of the photoelectron spectra. However, the small separation between these two ionic states makes vibronic interaction fairly inevitable. In the absence of Herzberg-Teller analyses for ionic states, we have sought and determined a transition state between the 12B2 and 12B1 states, showing that vibronic coupling does occur. The lack of degradation in the vibrational envelope of the higher of the two states contrasts with our previous work on the halogenobenzenes, where overlapping state envelopes led to considerable widening of the line width at half-height of the higher energy states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Palmer
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Instituto di Struttura della Materia, LD2 Unit, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Basovizza SS-14, Km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren Vrønning Hoffmann
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - R Alan Aitken
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Dheirya K Sonecha
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, United Kingdom
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24
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Cavignac T, Jobic S, Latouche C. Modeling Luminescence Spectrum of BaZrO 3:Ti Including Vibronic Coupling from First Principles Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7714-7721. [PMID: 36346942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a methodology based on constrained density functional theory and vibrational mode computations to simulate and interpret the luminescence spectra of periodic solids. A multi-dimension harmonic model is used to combine electronic and vibrational contributions into an overall vibrationally resolved emission spectrum. We applied it to Ti-doped BaZrO3 to accurately reproduce its blue luminescence and unambiguously assign the observed luminescence to a Ti3+ + O- → Ti4+ + O2- charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Cavignac
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Jobic
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000Nantes, France
| | - Camille Latouche
- Nantes Université, CNRS, Institut des Matériaux de Nantes Jean Rouxel, IMN, F-44000Nantes, France
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25
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Caster KL, Lee J, Donnellan Z, Selby TM, Osborn DL, Goulay F. Formation of a Resonance-Stabilized Radical Intermediate by Hydroxyl Radical Addition to Cyclopentadiene. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:9031-9041. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c06934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kacee L. Caster
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - James Lee
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Zachery Donnellan
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
| | - Talitha M. Selby
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, West Bend, Wisconsin53095, United States
| | - David L. Osborn
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, California94551, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California95616, United States
| | - Fabien Goulay
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia26506, United States
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26
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A Simplified Treatment for Efficiently Modeling the Spectral Signal of Vibronic Transitions: Application to Aqueous Indole. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238135. [PMID: 36500228 PMCID: PMC9739849 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we introduce specific approximations to simplify the vibronic treatment in modeling absorption and emission spectra, allowing us to include a huge number of vibronic transitions in the calculations. Implementation of such a simplified vibronic treatment within our general approach for modelling vibronic spectra, based on molecular dynamics simulations and the perturbed matrix method, provided a quantitative reproduction of the absorption and emission spectra of aqueous indole with higher accuracy than the one obtained when using the existing vibronic treatment. Such results, showing the reliability of the approximations employed, indicate that the proposed method can be a very efficient and accurate tool for computational spectroscopy.
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27
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Triplet Emitting C^N^C Cyclometalated Dibenzo[c,h]Acridine Pt(II) Complexes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228054. [PMID: 36432153 PMCID: PMC9697690 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a series of Pt(II) complexes [Pt(dba)(L)] containing the very rigid, dianionic, bis-cyclometalating, tridentate C^N^C2− heterocyclic ligand dba2− (H2dba = dibenzo[c,h]acridine), the coligand (ancillary ligand) L = dmso, PPh3, CNtBu and Me2Imd (N,N’-dimethylimidazolydene) was varied in order to improve its luminescence properties. Beginning with the previously reported dmso complex, we synthesized the PPh3, CNtBu and Me2Imd derivatives and characterized them by elemental analysis, 1H (and 31P) NMR spectroscopy and MS. Cyclic voltammetry showed partially reversible reduction waves ranging between −1.89 and −2.10 V and increasing along the series Me2Imd < dmso ≈ PPh3 < CNtBu. With irreversible oxidation waves ranging between 0.55 (L = Me2Imd) and 1.00 V (dmso), the electrochemical gaps range between 2.65 and 2.91 eV while increasing along the series Me2Imd < CNtBu < PPh3 < dmso. All four complexes show in part vibrationally structured long-wavelength absorption bands peaking at around 530 nm. TD-DFT calculated spectra agree quite well with the experimental spectra, with only a slight redshift. The photoluminescence spectra of all four compounds are very similar. In fluid solution at 298 K, they show broad, only partially structured bands, with maxima at around 590 nm, while in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K, slightly blue-shifted (~580 nm) bands with clear vibronic progressions were found. The photoluminescence quantum yields ΦL ranged between 0.04 and 0.24, at 298 K, and between 0.80 and 0.90 at 77 K. The lifetimes τ at 298 K ranged between 60 and 14040 ns in Ar-purged solutions and increased from 17 to 43 µs at 77 K. The TD-DFT calculated emission spectra are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings. In terms of high ΦL and long τ, the dmso and PPh3 complexes outperform the CNtBu and Me2Imd derivatives. This is remarkable in view of the higher ligand strength of Me2Imd, compared with all other coligands, as concluded from the electrochemical data.
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28
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Salvitti G, Pizzano E, Baroncelli F, Melandri S, Evangelisti L, Negri F, Coreno M, Prince KC, Ciavardini A, Sa'adeh H, Pori M, Mazzacurati M, Maris A. Spectroscopic and quantum mechanical study of a scavenger molecule: N,N-diethylhydroxylamine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 281:121555. [PMID: 35926273 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a combination of quantum mechanical calculations and a range of spectroscopic measurements in the gas phase of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine, an important scavenger compound. Three conformers were observed by pulsed jet Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the 6.5-18.5 GHz frequency range. They are characterized by the hydroxyl hydrogen atom being in trans orientation with respect to the bisector of the CNC angle while the side alkyl chains can be both trans (global minimum, Cs symmetry, A = 7608.1078(4), B = 2020.2988(2) and C = 1760.5423(2) MHz) or one trans and the other gauche (second energy minimum, A = 5302.896(1), B = 2395.9822(4) and C = 1804.8567(3) MHz) or gauche' (third energy minimum, A = 5960.8025(6), B = 2273.6627(4) and C = 1975.8074(4) MHz). For the global minimum, the 13Cα,13Cβ and 15N isotopologues were observed in natural abundance, allowing for an accurate partial structure determination. Moreover, several lines were detected by free jet absorption millimeter wave spectroscopy in the 59.6-74.4 GHz spectral range. The electron binding energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital and the next-to-highest occupied molecular orbital, determined by photoelectron spectroscopy, are 8.95 and 10.76 eV, respectively. Supporting calculations evidence that, (i) upon ionization of the HOMO, the molecular structure changes from an amine to an N-oxoammonium arrangement and (ii) the 0-0 of the HOMO-1 photoionization is 10.46 eV. The K-shell binding energies, determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, are 290.42 eV (Cβ), 291.45 eV (Cα), 405.98 eV (N) and 538.75 eV (O). The Fourier transform near infrared spectrum is reported and a tentative assignment is proposed. The equilibrium wavenumber (ω̃ = 3811 cm-1) and the anharmonicity constant (ω̃χ = -87.5 cm-1) of the hydroxyl stretching mode were estimated using a quadratic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Salvitti
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pizzano
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; BASF Italia S.p.A., Pontecchio Marconi, I-40037 Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Baroncelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Melandri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI Aerospace), University of Bologna, I-47121 Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, I-47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Luca Evangelisti
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI Aerospace), University of Bologna, I-47121 Forlì, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrifood Research (CIRI Agrifood), University of Bologna, I-47521 Cesena, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna I-48123 Ravenna, Italy
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; INSTM, UdR Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- CNR-ISM, Trieste LD2 Unit, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alessandra Ciavardini
- CNR-ISM, Trieste LD2 Unit, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Laboratory of Quantum Optics, University of Nova Gorica, Sl-5001 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Hanan Sa'adeh
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, in Area Science Park, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy; Department of Physics, The University of Jordan, JO-11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Matteo Pori
- BASF Italia S.p.A., Pontecchio Marconi, I-40037 Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Assimo Maris
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Aerospace Research (CIRI Aerospace), University of Bologna, I-47121 Forlì, Italy.
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29
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Ågren H, Björneholm O, Öhrwall G, Carravetta V, de Brito AN. Ethanol in Aqueous Solution Studied by Microjet Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theory. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:3080-3087. [PMID: 36251058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
By combining results and analysis from cylindrical microjet photoelectron spectroscopy (cMJ-PES) and theoretical simulations, we unravel the microscopic properties of ethanol-water solutions with respect to structure and intermolecular bonding patterns following the full concentration scale from 0 to 100% ethanol content. In particular, we highlight the salient differences between bulk and surface. Like for the pure water and alcohol constituents, alcohol-water mixtures have attracted much interest in applications of X-ray spectroscopies owing to their potential of combining electronic and geometric structure probing. The water mixtures of the two simplest alcohols, methanol and ethanol, have generated particular attention due to their delicate hydrogen bonding networks that underlie their structural and thermodynamic properties. Macroscopically ethanol-water seems to mix very well, however microscopically this is not true. The aberrant thermodynamics of water-alcohol mixtures have been suggested to be caused by energy differences of hydrogen bonding between water-water, alcohol-alcohol and alcohol-water molecules. These networks may perturb the local character of the interaction between X-rays and matter, calling for analysis that go beyond the normally applied local selection and building block rules and that can combine the effects of light-matter, intra- and intermolecular interactions. However, despite decades of ongoing research there are still controversies of the precise nature of hydrogen bonding networks that underlie the mixing of these simple molecules. Our combined analysis indicates that at low concentration ethanol molecules form a film at the surface since ethanol at the surface can expose its hydrophobic part to the vacuum retaining its two (or three) possible hydrogen bonds, while water at the surface cannot retain all its four possible hydrogen bonds. Thus, ethanol at the surface becomes energetically favorable. Ethanol molecules show a tilting angle variation of the C-C axis with respect to the surface normal as large as 60° at very low concentration. In bulk, around ca. ten %, the ethanol oxygen atoms tend to make a third acceptor hydrogen bond to water molecules. At ca. 20 %, there is a U-shaped change in the CH3 to CH2OH binding energy (BE) shift indicating the presence of ring-like agglomerates called clathrate structures. At the surface, between 5 and 25%, ethanol forms a closely packed layer with the smallest C-C tilting angle variation down to ∼20°. Above 25% and below the azeotrope at the surface, ethanol shows an increase in the tilting angle variation, while at very high ethanol concentrations water tends to move to the surface so giving a microscopic explanation of the azeotrope effect. This migration is connected to the presence of longer (shorter) ethanol chains in the bulk (surface). A brief comparison with discussions and predictions from other spectroscopic techniques is also given. We emphasize the execution of an integrated approach that combines molecular structural dynamics with quantum predictions of the core electronic chemical shift, so establishing a protocol with considerable interpretative as well as predictive power for cMJ-PES measurements. We believe that this protocol can valorize cMJ-PES for studies of properties of other alcohol mixtures as well as of binary solutions in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ågren
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olle Björneholm
- Division of X-ray Photon Science, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Öhrwall
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincenzo Carravetta
- CNR-IPCF, Institute of Chemical Physical Processes, via G.Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Naves de Brito
- Department of Applied Physics, Institute of Physics "Gleb Wataghin", Campinas University, CEP 13083859 Campinas SP, Brazil
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30
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Jacobi R, Hernández-Castillo D, Sinambela N, Bösking J, Pannwitz A, González L. Computation of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Lipid Bilayer Membranes. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8070-8081. [PMID: 36260519 PMCID: PMC9639162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Calculations of Förster
Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)
often neglect the influence of different chromophore orientations
or changes in the spectral overlap. In this work, we present two computational
approaches to estimate the energy transfer rate between chromophores
embedded in lipid bilayer membranes. In the first approach, we assess
the transition dipole moments and the spectral overlap by means of
quantum chemical calculations in implicit solvation, and we investigate
the alignment and distance between the chromophores in classical molecular
dynamics simulations. In the second, all properties are evaluated
integrally with hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM)
calculations. Both approaches come with advantages and drawbacks,
and despite the fact that they do not agree quantitatively, they provide
complementary insights on the different factors that influence the
FRET rate. We hope that these models can be used as a basis to optimize
energy transfers in nonisotropic media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jacobi
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090Vienna, Austria.,Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - David Hernández-Castillo
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090Vienna, Austria.,Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Novitasari Sinambela
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian Bösking
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081Ulm, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090Vienna, Austria.,Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090Vienna, Austria
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31
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Forde A, Lystrom L, Sun W, Kilin D, Kilina S. Improving Near-Infrared Emission of meso-Aryldipyrrin Indium(III) Complexes via Annulation Bridging: Excited-State Dynamics. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9210-9220. [PMID: 36170557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Using non-adiabatic dynamics and Redfield theory, we predicted the optical spectra, radiative and nonradiative decay rates, and photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) for In(III) dipyrrin-based complexes (i) with electron-withdrawing (EW) or electron-donating (ED) substituents on the meso-phenyl group and (ii) upon fusing the pyrrin and phenyl rings via saturated or unsaturated bridging to increase structural rigidity. The ED groups lead to a primary π,π* character with a minor intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) contribution to the emissive state, while EW groups increase the ILCT contribution and red-shift the luminescence to ∼1.5 eV. Saturated annulation enhances the PLQYs for complexes with primary π,π* character compared to those of the non-annulated and unsaturated-annulated complexes, while both unsaturated and saturated annulation decrease the PLQYs for complexes with primary ILCT character. We found that PLQY improvement goes beyond a simple concept of structural rigidity. In contrast, the charge transfer character of excitonic states is a key parameter for engineering the NIR emission of In(III) dipyrrin complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Forde
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Levi Lystrom
- Shock and Detonation Physics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Wenfang Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
| | - Svetlana Kilina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States
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32
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Wang J, Liu Y. Vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of flavins: A theoretical simulation in the gas phase. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Ya‐Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research Beijing Normal University Zhuhai China
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33
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Suda K, Yokogawa D. Spin-Orbit Coupling Calculation Combined with the Reference Interaction Site Model Self-Consistent Field Explicitly Including Constrained Spatial Electron Density Distribution. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6043-6051. [PMID: 36069633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Studying the radiative and non-radiative decay processes of molecules in a solution is an important issue in the design of organic and functional molecules. Theoretical approaches have great potential for revealing this decay process through computation of various parameters, such as the energy surfaces at the excited state and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). The development of quantum chemical programs has enabled the calculation of SOC values to become popular for the gas phase. However, SOC calculations in solution have some difficulties that need to be overcome. In the present study, the authors combined the SOC calculations with the reference interaction site model self-consistent field explicitly including constrained spatial electron density distribution. To validate the reliability of our method, the decay process of dimethylaminobenzonitrile in cyclohexane and acetonitrile was studied. By computing the SOC values in both solution systems, the authors were able to investigate the decay process at the atomistic level. Furthermore, a natural transition orbital analysis and the measurement of the decomposed SOC values were found to provide a clear understanding of intersystem crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Suda
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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34
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Bourgalais J, Carstensen HH, Herbinet O, Garcia GA, Arnoux P, Tran LS, Vanhove G, Nahon L, Hochlaf M, Battin-Leclerc F. Product Identification in the Low-Temperature Oxidation of Cyclohexane Using a Jet-Stirred Reactor in Combination with SVUV-PEPICO Analysis and Theoretical Quantum Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5784-5799. [PMID: 35998573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclohexane oxidation chemistry was investigated using a near-atmospheric pressure jet-stirred reactor at T = 570 K and equivalence ratio ϕ = 0.8. Numerous intermediates including hydroperoxides and highly oxygenated molecules were detected using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. Supported by high-level quantum calculations, the analysis of photoelectron spectra allowed the firm identification of molecular species formed during the oxidation of cyclohexane. Besides, this work validates recently published gas chromatography and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry data. Unambiguous detection of characteristic hydroperoxides (e.g., γ-ketohydroperoxides) and their respective decomposition products provides support for the conventional O2 addition channels up to the third addition and their relative contribution to the cyclohexane oxidation. The results were also compared with the predictions of a recently proposed new detailed kinetic model of cyclohexane oxidation. Most of the predictions are in line with the current experimental findings, highlighting the robustness of the kinetic model. However, the analysis of the recorded slow photoelectron spectra indicating the possible presence of C5 species in the kinetic model provides hints that the substituted cyclopentyl radicals from cyclohexyl ring opening might play a minor role in cyclohexane oxidation. Potentially important missing reactions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Heinrich Carstensen
- Thermochemical Processes Group (GPT), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Engineering and Architecture School, University of Zaragoza, C. Maria de Luna, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.,Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Av. de Ranillas, 50018 Zagaroza, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | | | - Luc-Sy Tran
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522─PC2A─Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Guillaume Vanhove
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522─PC2A─Physicochimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin-BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Majdi Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes, F-77454 Champs-sur-Marne, France
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35
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Abstract
A comparison of four approaches to account the vibronic coupling in photoabsorption is performed. The methods considered are nuclear ensemble (NE), direct vibronic coupling (DVC), adiabatic Hessian (AH), and vertical gradient (VG). The case study is the symmetry-forbidden [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text] (n [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]) transition in formaldehyde. Being forbidden in the equilibrium geometry, this transition is entirely induced by vibronic coupling and constitutes an appropriate case to study the performance of different methods. From DVC, it is found that mode 1 (C=O out-of-plane bending) is the most inducing, followed by mode 6 (in-plane C-H asymmetric stretching) and finally by mode 2 (in-plane C-H asymmetric bending). We were able to correlate 17 out of 20 structures obtained from NE with these modes, showing that these two methods, although different in principle, give comparable results. The simulated spectra were obtained for all methods and compared, and each one has its own advantage. In what concerns the transition studied, NE gives the best description of the spectrum, DVC is the only one that easily gives an absolute value for OOS, and AH and VG are the computationally less expensive methods. From the latter two, VG is the less demanding on computational grounds, since it does not require the excited state Hessian.
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36
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Maisuls I, Boisten F, Hebenbrock M, Alfke J, Schürmann L, Jasper-Peter B, Hepp A, Esselen M, Müller J, Strassert CA. Monoanionic C^N^N Luminophores and Monodentate C-Donor Co-Ligands for Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes: A Case Study Involving Their Photophysics and Cytotoxicity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:9195-9204. [PMID: 35666659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A family of Pt(II) complexes bearing monoanionic C^N^N ligands as luminophoric units as well as a set of monodentate ligands derived from allenylidene and carbene species were synthesized and characterized in terms of structure and photophysical properties. In addition, we present the extraordinary molecular structure of a phosphorescent complex carrying an allenylidene ligand. Depending on the co-ligand, an effect can be observed in the photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields as well as in the radiative and radiation less deactivation rate constants. Their correlation with the substitution pattern was analyzed by comparing the photoluminescence in fluid solution at room temperature and in frozen glassy matrices at 77 K. Moreover, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the electronic states responsible for the optical properties, density functional theory calculations were performed. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated in vitro, showing that the cationic complexes exhibit strong effects at low micromolar concentrations. The calculated half-maximum effective concentrations (EC50 values) were 4 times lower in comparison to the established antitumor agent oxaliplatin. In contrast, the neutral species are less toxic, rendering them as potential bioimaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Maisuls
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Felix Boisten
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Marian Hebenbrock
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Julian Alfke
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Lina Schürmann
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Beate Jasper-Peter
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Hepp
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 45, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Jens Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Cristian A Strassert
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany.,CeNTech, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Heisenbergstraße 11, Münster 48149, Germany.,Cells in Motion Interfaculty Centre (CiMIC) and Center for Soft Nanoscience (SoN), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 30, Münster 48149, Germany
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37
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Begušić T, Tapavicza E, Vaníček J. Applicability of the Thawed Gaussian Wavepacket Dynamics to the Calculation of Vibronic Spectra of Molecules with Double-Well Potential Energy Surfaces. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3065-3074. [PMID: 35420803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Simulating vibrationally resolved electronic spectra of anharmonic systems, especially those involving double-well potential energy surfaces, often requires expensive quantum dynamics methods. Here, we explore the applicability and limitations of the recently proposed single-Hessian thawed Gaussian approximation for the simulation of spectra of systems with double-well potentials, including 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene, ammonia, phosphine, and arsine. This semiclassical wavepacket approach is shown to be more robust and to provide more accurate spectra than the conventional harmonic approximation. Specifically, we identify two cases in which the Gaussian wavepacket method is especially useful due to the breakdown of the harmonic approximation: (i) when the nuclear wavepacket is initially at the top of the potential barrier but delocalized over both wells, e.g., along a low-frequency mode, and (ii) when the wavepacket has enough energy to classically go over the low potential energy barrier connecting the two wells. The method is efficient and requires only a single classical ab initio molecular dynamics trajectory, in addition to the data required to compute the harmonic spectra. We also present an improved algorithm for computing the wavepacket autocorrelation function, which guarantees that the evaluated correlation function is continuous for arbitrary size of the time step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Begušić
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, Long Beach, California 90840-9507, United States
| | - Jiří Vaníček
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physical Chemistry, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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38
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Schweda B, Reinfelds M, Hofinger J, Bäumel G, Rath T, Kaschnitz P, Fischer RC, Flock M, Amenitsch H, Scharber MC, Trimmel G. Phenylene-Bridged Perylene Monoimides as Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells: A Study on the Structure-Property Relationship. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200276. [PMID: 35218252 PMCID: PMC9313791 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A series of non-fullerene acceptors based on perylene monoimides coupled in the peri position through phenylene linkers were synthesized via Suzuki-coupling reactions. Various substitution patterns were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with experimental data to elucidate the geometry and their optical and electrochemical properties. Further investigations of the bulk properties with grazing incidence wide angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) gave insight into the stacking behavior of the acceptor thin films. Electrochemical and morphological properties correlate with the photovoltaic performance of devices with the polymeric donor PBDB-T and a maximum efficiency of 3.17 % was reached. The study gives detailed information about structure-property relationships of perylene-linker-perylene compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Schweda
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Matiss Reinfelds
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Jakob Hofinger
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Georg Bäumel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Thomas Rath
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Petra Kaschnitz
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Roland C. Fischer
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Michaela Flock
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryNAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
| | - Markus Clark Scharber
- Linz Institute of Organic Solar Cells (LIOS)Institute of Physical ChemistryJohannes Kepler University LinzAltenbergerstrasse 694040LinzAustria
| | - Gregor Trimmel
- Institute for Chemistry and Technology of Materials (ICTM)NAWI GrazGraz University of TechnologyStremayrgasse 9Graz8010Austria
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39
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The ionized states of 6,6-dimethylfulvene; the vibrational energy levels studied by photoionization, configuration interaction and density functional calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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40
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Hedjazi M, Vishnikin AB, Okovytyy SI, Miekh YV, Bazel YR. Use of dye aggregation phenomenon for spectrophotometric and SIA-LAV determination of bismuth(III) as a specific ion association complex between tetraiodobismuthate and Astra Phloxine. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Orbital-resolved visualization of single-molecule photocurrent channels. Nature 2022; 603:829-834. [PMID: 35354999 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Given its central role in utilizing light energy, photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from an excited molecule has been widely studied1-6. However, even though microscopic photocurrent measurement methods7-11 have made it possible to correlate the efficiency of the process with local features, spatial resolution has been insufficient to resolve it at the molecular level. Recent work has, however, shown that single molecules can be efficiently excited and probed when combining a scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) with localized plasmon fields driven by a tunable laser12,13. Here we use that approach to directly visualize with atomic-scale resolution the photocurrent channels through the molecular orbitals of a single free-base phthalocyanine (FBPc) molecule, by detecting electrons from its first excited state tunnelling through the STM tip. We find that the direction and the spatial distribution of the photocurrent depend sensitively on the bias voltage, and detect counter-flowing photocurrent channels even at a voltage where the averaged photocurrent is near zero. Moreover, we see evidence of competition between PET and photoluminescence12, and find that we can control whether the excited molecule primarily relaxes through PET or photoluminescence by positioning the STM tip with three-dimensional, atomic precision. These observations suggest that specific photocurrent channels can be promoted or suppressed by tuning the coupling to excited-state molecular orbitals, and thus provide new perspectives for improving energy-conversion efficiencies by atomic-scale electronic and geometric engineering of molecular interfaces.
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42
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Meng X, Song L, Han H, Zhao J, Zheng D. A novel mechanism of intramolecular proton transfer in the excited state of 3-hydroxy-4H-benzochromone derivatives: A new explanation at the theoretical level. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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43
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Haupa KA, Krappel NP, Strelnikov D, Kappes MM. Vibrationally Resolved Absorption and Luminescence Spectra of Mass-Selected Free-Base and Zinc Phthalocyanine Radical Cations Isolated in Solid Ne. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:593-599. [PMID: 35044185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c09916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the first vibrationally well-resolved absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectra of the radical cations of free-base phthalocyanine (H2Pc+) and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc+) isolated in 5 K neon matrices and compare them to the spectral properties of the corresponding neutrals. The samples were generated by low-energy deposition of the mass-selected ions. The spectra are also discussed in terms of time-dependent density functional theory calculations and compared with recently reported scanning tunneling microscopy-induced single-molecule luminescence of the same species adsorbed on NaCl-covered Au(111) or Ag(111) single crystal supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Haupa
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Niklas P Krappel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Dmitry Strelnikov
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Physical Chemistry II, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 2, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
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44
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Neutral and charged forms of inubosin B in aqueous solutions at different pH and on the surface of Ag nanoparticles. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Palmer MH, Coreno M, de Simone M, Grazioli C, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Aitken RA. The ground and ionized states of azulene; a combined study of the vibrational energy levels by photoionization, configuration interaction and density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:064305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0073505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, TASC Laboratory, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Italy
| | - Nykola C. Jones
- Aarhus University Department of Physics and Astronomy, Denmark
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46
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Debata S, Khatua R, Sahu S. Synergistic effects of side-functionalization and aza-substitution on the charge transport and optical properties of perylene-based organic materials: a DFT study. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj06084h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of organic materials are subject to the chemical structure of the molecular unit and the arrangement of molecules in a crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suryakanti Debata
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Rudranarayan Khatua
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
| | - Sridhar Sahu
- Computational Materials Research Lab, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, India
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47
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Sia RCE, Arellano-Reyes RA, Keyes TE, Guthmuller J. Radiative lifetime of a BODIPY dye as calculated by TDDFT and EOM-CCSD methods: solvent and vibronic effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26324-26335. [PMID: 34787616 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The radiative emission lifetime and associated S1 excited state properties of a BODIPY dye are investigated with TDDFT and EOM-CCSD calculations. The effects of a solvent are described with the polarizable continuum model using the linear response (LR) approach as well as state-specific methods. The Franck-Condon (FC), Herzberg-Teller (HT) and Duschinsky vibronic effects are evaluated for the absorption and emission spectra, and for the radiative lifetime. The transition energies, spectra shapes and radiative lifetime are assessed with respect to experimental results. It is found that the TDDFT transition energies are overestimated by about 0.4-0.5 eV, whereas EOM-CCSD improves the vertical emission energy by about 0.1 eV in comparison to TDDFT. The solvatochromic and Stokes shifts are better reproduced by the state-specific solvation methods, which show that these methods are more suited than the LR model to describe the solvent effects on the BODIPY dye. The vibronic effects lead to an increase of the radiative lifetime of about 0.4 to 1.0 ns depending on the theoretical approach, which highlights the importance of such effects. Moreover, the HT effects are negligible on both the spectra and lifetime, which demonstrates that the FC approximation is accurate for the BODIPY dye. Finally, the comparison with experimental data shows that the radiative lifetimes predicted by EOM-CCSD and TDDFT have comparable accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rengel Cane E Sia
- Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Ruben Arturo Arellano-Reyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Julien Guthmuller
- Institute of Physics and Computer Science, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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48
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Bag SS, Gogoi H, Sinha S. Synthesis and studies on the photophysical/biophysical properties of triazolylfluorene-labeled 2′-deoxyuridines. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Maiti KS. Two-dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Better Insights of Structure and Dynamics of Protein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226893. [PMID: 34833985 PMCID: PMC8618531 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins play an important role in biological and biochemical processes taking place in the living system. To uncover these fundamental processes of the living system, it is an absolutely necessary task to understand the structure and dynamics of the protein. Vibrational spectroscopy is an established tool to explore protein structure and dynamics. In particular, two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy has already proven its versatility to explore the protein structure and its ultrafast dynamics, and it has essentially unprecedented time resolutions to observe the vibrational dynamics of the protein. Providing several examples from our theoretical and experimental efforts, it is established here that two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy provides exceptionally more information than one-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy. The structural information of the protein is encoded in the position, shape, and strength of the peak in 2DIR spectra. The time evolution of the 2DIR spectra allows for the visualisation of molecular motions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Sankar Maiti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany; ; Tel.: +49-89-289-54056
- Lehrstuhl für Experimental Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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50
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Stück R, Krause M, Brünink D, Buss S, Doltsinis NL, Strassert CA, Klein A. Luminescent Pd(II) Complexes with Tridentate
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Aryl‐pyridine‐(benzo)thiazole Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- René Stück
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
| | - Maren Krause
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
| | - Dana Brünink
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Stefan Buss
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Nikos L. Doltsinis
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Festkörpertheorie and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Cristian A. Strassert
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, CiMIC, CeNTech Heisenbergstraße 11 D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Axel Klein
- Universität zu Köln Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät Department für Chemie Institut für Anorganische Chemie Greinstraße 6 D-50939 Köln
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