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Lai X, Zhou P, Kong Y, Wu B, Zhang Q, Cui X. A machine learning and experimental-based model for prediction of soil sorption capacity toward phenanthrene. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117898. [PMID: 38092242 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Sorption by soil is the fundamental basis for environment fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs), which varies significantly depending on diverse properties of soils. Therefore, a generalized approach to predict HOC sorption by soils is required. In this study, 488 data points were extracted from references and adopted to develop models for estimating the sorption capacities of phenanthrene in soils using six different machine learning (ML) approaches. The extreme gradient boosting (XGBT) model demonstrated the most favorable performance, achieving a coefficient of determination of 0.91 and root-mean-square errors of 0.24 for the testing dataset. The XGBT model's performance was further demonstrated by comparing with experimental data from batch sorption tests conducted on 20 soil samples collected from 17 provinces of China. The differences between the predicted values and the experimental values were statistically equal to zero (p = 0.14). Leveraging the XBGT model together with soil properties from the Harmonized World Soil Database, the distribution of sorption capacities in Chinese soils was successfully depicted on a national scale. This research is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the migration of persistent organic pollutants in terrestrial system. Furthermore, the established model holds implications for more precise and scientific soil environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pengfei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyi Cui
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Hassaan MA, Ragab S, Sikaily AE, Nemr AE. Sources of hydrocarbons and their risk assessment in seawater and sediment samples collected from the Nile Delta coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5082. [PMID: 38429376 PMCID: PMC10907701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to examine the levels, distribution, bases, and hazards of n-alkanes (n-C9 to n-C20) and PAHs in the seawater and sediments around oil production locations in the whole delta region. The variations in the levels of PAHs and n-alkanes in seawater and sediment of the Nile delta coast of the Mediterranean were investigated using GC-MS/MS. The Σn-alkanes residues ranged between 12.05 and 93.51 mg/L (mean: 50.45 ± 17.49 mg/L) and 4.70 to 84.03 µg/g (mean: 31.02 ± 27.995 µg/g) in seawater and sediments, respectively. Total PAHs concentrations ranged between 4.485 and 16.337 μg/L (average: 9.47 ± 3.69 μg/L) and 1.32 to 28.38 ng/g (average 8.61 ± 7.57 ng/g) in seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The CPI (carbon preference index) values fluctuated between 0.62 and 1.72 (seawater) and from 0.234 to 2.175 (sediment), proposing the variation sources of n-alkane in the studied area. PAHs concentrations were lower than the Effective Range Low (ERL) and Effective Range Median (ERM) levels. The Toxic Equivalent Quotient (TEQ) values oscillated between 0.002 and 6.84 ng/L and from 3.72 to 13.48 ng/g for the seawater and sediment samples, respectively. The Ant/(Ant + Phe) ratio in sediment and seawater samples indicated a pyrolytic source while the BaA/(BaA + Chry) ratio indicates petrogenic sources in most of the studied stations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Hassaan
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Safaa Ragab
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amany El Sikaily
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El Nemr
- Environment Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Kayet Bey, P.O. 21556, Elanfoushy, Alexandria, Egypt.
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3
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Marcińczyk M, Krasucka P, Duan W, Bo P, Oleszczuk P. Effect of chemical aging on phosphate adsorption and ecotoxicological properties of magnesium-modified biochar. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140721. [PMID: 37972863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Using magnesium-biochar composites (Mg-BC) in adsorption allows for the efficient and economically relevant removal of phosphate (PO43-) from water and wastewater. Applying Mg-BC for pollutant removal requires evaluating the adsorption capacity of composites and their ecotoxicological properties. Investigating the composite aging during the application of these composites into the soil is also essential. In the present study, nonaged and aged (at 60 or 90 °C) Mg-BC composites were investigated in the context of pyrolysis temperature (500 or 700 °C). All analyzed biochars were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and surface area. The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (bioavailable Cfree and organic solvent-extractable Ctot), heavy metals (HMs), and environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) were determined. Ecotoxicity was evaluated using tests with Folsomia candida and Allivibrio fischeri. The dependence of adsorption on pyrolysis temperature and composite aging time was observed. Changes in physicochemical properties occurring as a result of aging reduced the adsorption of PO43- on Mg-BC composites. It was found that nonaged Mg-BC700 was more effective (9.55 mg g -1) in the adsorption of PO43- than Mg-BC500 (5.75 mg g-1). The adsorption capacities of aged composites were from 21 to 61% lower than those of the nonaged composites. Due to aging, the content of Cfree PAHs increased by 3-5 times depending on the pyrolysis temperature. However, aging reduced the Ctot PAHs in all composites from 24 to 35% depending on the pyrolysis temperature. Ecotoxicological evaluation of Mg-BC composites showed increased toxicity after aging to both organisms. The use of aged BC potentially increases the contaminant content and toxicity of Mg-BC composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Marcińczyk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Krasucka
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Bo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Patryk Oleszczuk
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie-Skłodowska Square, 20-031, Lublin, Poland.
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4
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Zheng X, Tang J, Song A, Zhou Y, Miao J, Li Z, Pan L. Study on reproductive endocrine disturbance and DNA damage mechanism of female Ruditapes philippinarum under Benzo[a]pyrene stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 340:122844. [PMID: 37918772 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive toxicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic organisms has attracted increasing attention from scholars. Currently, research in this field primarily focuses on vertebrates such as zebrafish and other model species. However, there is still a significant knowledge gap in the toxicity of PAHs to invertebrates and its potential mechanisms. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is one of the most representative PAHs. In this study, female Ruditapes philippinarum (R. philippinarum) was treated with B[a]P concentrations of 0, 0.8, 4, and 20 μg/L to investigate reproductive indicators in the proliferative, growth, mature, and spawn stages. Transcriptomics was used to investigate the expression of genes associated with the reproductive endocrine system, DNA repair, autophagy, apoptosis, and ovarian development at different reproductive stages. Our results suggested that B[a]P disrupted the endocrine system by interfering with the production of steroid hormones and the transmission of estrogen signals in female R. philippinarum. The structure of the ovarian DNA duplex is severely damaged under the stress of B[a]P, and a series of cellular responses caused by DNA damage are also interfered. Additionally, we observed a reduction in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) and mature oocytes numbers after B[a]P exposed. Tissue section indicated that severe damage to the ovarian structure at mature and spawn stages. In conclusion, this study combined transcriptomic and toxicological to explore the negative effects on ovarian development induced by B[a]P, focusing on reproductive endocrine disturbance and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jian Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Aimin Song
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yueyao Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
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5
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Oliveira Dos Anjos TB, Abel S, Lindehoff E, Bradshaw C, Sobek A. Assessing the effects of a mixture of hydrophobic contaminants on the algae Rhodomonas salina using the chemical activity concept. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106742. [PMID: 37977012 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The production and release of chemicals from human activities are on the rise. Understanding how the aquatic environment is affected by the presence of an unknown number of chemicals is lacking. We employed the chemical activity concept to assess the combined effects of hydrophobic organic contaminants on the phytoplankton species Rodomonas salina. Chemical activity is additive, and refers to the relative saturation of a chemical in the studied matrix. The growth of R. salina was affected by chemical activity, following a chemical activity-response curve, resulting in an Ea50 value of 0.078, which falls within the baseline toxicity range observed in earlier studies. The chlorophyll a content exhibited both increases and decreases with rising chemical activity, with the increase possibly linked to an antioxidant mechanism. Yet, growth inhibition provided more sensitive and robust responses compared to photosynthesis-related endpoints; all measured endpoints correlated with increased chemical activity. Growth inhibition is an ecologically relevant endpoint and integrates thermodynamic principles such as membrane disruption. Our study utilized passive dosing, enabling us to control exposure and determine activities in both the medium and the algae. The concept of chemical activity and our results can be extended to other neutral chemical groups as effects of chemical activity remain independent of the mixture composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sebastian Abel
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Lindehoff
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Singh V, Negi R, Jacob M, Gayathri A, Rokade A, Sarma H, Kalita J, Tasfia ST, Bharti R, Wakid A, Suthar S, Kolipakam V, Qureshi Q. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem exposed to the 2020 Baghjan oil spill in upper Assam, India: Short-term toxicity and ecological risk assessment. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293601. [PMID: 38019821 PMCID: PMC10686499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the short-term contamination and associated risks arising from the release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the 2020 Baghjan oil blowout in upper Assam, India. Shortly after the Baghjan oil blowout, samples were collected from water, sediment, and fish species and examined for PAHs contents. The results of the analysis revealed ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 0.21-691.31 μg L-1 (water); 37.6-395.8 μg Kg-1 (sediment); 104.3-7829.6 μg Kg-1 (fish). The prevalence of 3-4 ring low molecular weight PAHs compounds in water (87.17%), sediment (100%), and fish samples (93.17%) validate the petrogenic source of origin (oil spill). The geographic vicinity of the oil blowout is rich in wildlife; thus, leading to a significant mass mortality of several eco-sensitive species like fish, plants, microbes, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals including the Gangetic River dolphin. The initial ecological risk assessment suggested moderate to high-risk values (RQ >1) of majority PAHs concerning fish, daphnia, and algae species. This study highlights the need for recognizing the potential for short-term exposure to local species. To safeguard local ecosystems from potential future environmental disasters, it is imperative for the government to adopt a precautionary strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Singh
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ranjana Negi
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Merin Jacob
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aaranya Gayathri
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anurag Rokade
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hiyashri Sarma
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jitul Kalita
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | | | - Abdul Wakid
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
- Aaranyak, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Surindra Suthar
- School of Environment & Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Qamar Qureshi
- Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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7
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Wang B, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang J, Wang H, Jiang J. Association between urinary concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and risk of endometriosis in the NHANES 2003-2006. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:117715-117728. [PMID: 37872335 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30545-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
To explore the association between exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and endometriosis risk. Data were obtained from the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database. Urinary concentrations of PAHs were divided into quartiles, and weighted multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic spline, and subgroup analyses were performed. An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm was used to screen the most important PAHs. After multivariable adjustments, 9-fluorene, 1-phenanthrene, 2-phenanthrene, and 4-phenanthrene exposure were significantly associated with a risk of endometriosis. Specifically, compared with the reference group, the odds ratios (ORs) of endometriosis for the fourth quartile were 3.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 10.77), 3.10 (95% CI: 1.37, 6.97), 4.86 (95% CI: 1.93, 12.21), and 2.67 (95% CI: 1.02, 7.01) for 9-fluorene, 1-phenanthrene, 2-phenanthrene, and 4-phenanthrene, respectively. In terms of continuous exposure, each one-standard-deviation increase in the urinary concentration of 9-fluorene, 1-phenanthrene, 2-phenanthrene, and 4-phenanthrene was independently associated with a 66% (OR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.40), 62% (OR:1.62, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.20), 68% (OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.28), and 56% (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.19) increase in the risk of endometriosis, respectively, in the fully adjusted model. A significant association between the urinary concentration of 9-fluorene and the risk of endometriosis was also observed in participants who had a high body-mass index (≥25 kg/m2), with a corresponding OR of 2.61 (95% CI: 1.37, 5.00; P for interaction = 0.006). Our findings show that high urinary concentrations of PAHs were associated with a high risk of endometriosis in participants and that the urinary concentration of 9-fluorene was related with a high susceptibility of endometriosis in participants with overweight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidi Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, People's Hospital of Pingfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jingmeng Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongli Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Dai W, Slotsbo S, Holmstrup M, van Gestel CAM. Evaluation of life-history traits in Folsomia candida exposed to combined repeated mild heat shocks with phenanthrene. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:55132-55142. [PMID: 36884179 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26230-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. In nature, organisms are often exposed to climatic stressors and contaminants simultaneously, and the effects of contaminants may be modified by climate change and vice versa. Here, the effects of repeated mild heat shocks (0-5 times, 30 °C for 6 h), alone or combined with phenanthrene (PHE) (80 mg kg-1 dry soil), on life-history traits of the springtail Folsomia candida were investigated. The survival, growth, maturation, and reproduction of single juvenile springtails were assessed over a period of 37 days. Increasing number of heat bouts or PHE exposure did not have significant negative effects on overall survival at the termination of the experiment, but the interaction between the two stressors led to complex interactions for the dynamics of survival during the test. Neither body growth nor time to first oviposition was influenced by heat or PHE, but a reduction of egg production with increasing number of heat bouts was observed, and there was an interaction between the two stressors. Further, a trade-off between the number of eggs produced and egg size was observed, indicating that females invested the same amount of energy in reproduction despite exposure to stressful temperature and PHE. These results indicate that egg production (in terms of the number of eggs) was a more sensitive indicator of the combined effects of mild heat shocks and PHE than growth, and there was a trade-off between survival and egg production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencai Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle 4-6, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cornelis A M van Gestel
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kocak TK, Kocak GO, Stuart AL. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic media of Turkey: A systematic review of cancer and ecological risk. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 188:114671. [PMID: 36860025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have gathered worldwide attention due to their carcinogenicity and toxicity. This paper aims to review and extend current knowledge on PAHs in aquatic environments in Turkey, where expansion of the marine industry has caused contamination concerns. To assess cancer and ecological risks associated with PAHs, we systematically reviewed 39 research articles. Mean measured concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 61 to 249,900 ng L-1 in surface waters, 1 to 209,400 ng g-1 in sediments, and 4 to 55,000 ng g-1 in organisms. Estimated cancer risks from concentrations in organisms were higher than those from surface waters and sediments. Negative ecosystem impacts of petrogenic PAHs were estimated to be larger than those of pyrogenic origin, despite the predominance of the latter. Overall, the Marmara, Aegean, and Black seas are highly-polluted and need remedial action, while further study is needed to confirm the status of other water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talha Kemal Kocak
- Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey.
| | - Goze Ozlem Kocak
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, Ankara University, Ankara 06430, Turkey
| | - Amy L Stuart
- College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
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Skic K, Boguta P, Klimkowicz-Pawlas A, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Baran A. Effect of sorption properties on the content, ecotoxicity, and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bottom sediments. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130073. [PMID: 36209611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, PAH sorption processes in bottom sediments has not been comprehensively discucorrelation coefficients between sorption parameters and contessed. Understanding the dependencies governing PAH sorption processes will allow to predict, monitor, and mitigate the ecological effects of PAH contamination and the associated risks to humans or wildlife. The objectives of the study were to assess the relationship between the sorption properties and the content of PAHs in bottom sediments and mussels. The PAH profile was dominated by higher-molecular hydrocarbons, which accounted for 73% of the total concentration of PAHs. Potentiometric studies revealed the steric-based PAH sorption mechanism that strongly depended on the presence of negatively dissociating structures such as carboxylic or phenolic functional groups. Based on the changes in Q8 values, the size-exclusion effect was more likely for 5- and 6-ring compounds. Pores < 5 µm, which had the largest share in the specific surface area, were the preferred sites for PAH sequestration and stabilization in bottom sediments. The availability of PAHs was reduced in sediments with high organic matter content. The PAH bioaccumulation factor significantly decreased with increasing TOC content in sediments. Higher mortality and growth inhibition of H. incongruens were observed in samples with high and medium TOC contents than in those with low TOC content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Skic
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Boguta
- Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, Lublin 20-290, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Klimkowicz-Pawlas
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute, Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Czartoryskich 8, Puławy 24-100, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Baran
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 21, Krakow, Poland.
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11
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Mentes D, Kováts N, Muránszky G, Hornyák-Mester E, Póliska C. Evaluation of flue gas emission factor and toxicity of the PM-bounded PAH from lab-scale waste combustion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 324:116371. [PMID: 36202035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has a significant threat not only to human health but also to our environment. In Hungary, 54% of PM10 comes from residential combustion, which also includes the practice of household waste burning. Therefore, this work aims to investigate the quality of combustion through the flue gas concentrations (CO, CO2, O2) and to identify and evaluate the negative impacts of PM and PAHs generated during controlled lab-scale combustion of different mixed wastes (cardboard and glossy paper, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate, polyester and cotton). Mixed wastes were burnt in a lab-scale tubular furnace at different temperatures with 180 dm3/h air flow rate. Chemical analyses were coupled with ecotoxicological tests using the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Ecotoxicity was expressed as toxic unit (TU) values, toxic equivalent factors (TEF) were also presented. During the combustion same amount of O2 enters the reaction, but a different amount CO2 is generated due to the C content of the sample. The waste with highest C-content related to the highest CO2 emission. Increasing the combustion temperature produces more PM-bound PAHs, which remains the same composition in the case of plastic and textile groups. The TU of solid contaminants decreases with increasing combustion temperature and increases with the minerals which are left behind in the water from the solid contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dóra Mentes
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Kováts
- Centre for Natural Sciences, University of Pannonia, 8200, Veszprém, Egyetem Str. 10, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Muránszky
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Enikő Hornyák-Mester
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary; Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, University of Miskolc, 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Póliska
- Institute of Energy and Quality, University of Miskolc, 3515, Miskolc, Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary.
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Emanuela F, Erik C, Silvia F, Fiorella P, Mauro M, Stefano G. Peculiar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation patterns in a non-zooxanthellate scleractinian coral. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114109. [PMID: 36115194 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Frapiccini Emanuela
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Caroselli Erik
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Franzellitti Silvia
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Prada Fiorella
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Marini Mauro
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Goffredo Stefano
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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13
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Al-Nasir F, Hijazin TJ, Al-Alawi MM, Jiries A, Al-Madanat OY, Mayyas A, A. Al-Dalain S, Al-Dmour R, Alahmad A, Batarseh MI. Accumulation, Source Identification, and Cancer Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Different Jordanian Vegetables. TOXICS 2022; 10:643. [PMID: 36355935 PMCID: PMC9692249 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in plants is considered one of the most serious threats faced by mankind because of their persistence in the environment and their carcinogenic and teratogenic effect on human health. The concentrations of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 PAHs) were determined in four types of edible vegetables (tomatoes, zucchini, eggplants, and cucumbers), irrigation water, and agriculture soil, where samples were collected from the Jordan Valley, Jordan. The mean total concentration of 16 PAHs (∑16PAHs) ranged from 10.649 to 21.774 µg kg−1 in vegetables, 28.72 µg kg−1 in soil, and 0.218 µg L−1 in the water samples. The tomato samples posed the highest ∑16PAH concentration level in the vegetables, whereas the zucchini samples had the lowest. Generally, the PAHs with a high molecular weight and four or more benzene rings prevailed among the studied samples. The diagnostic ratios and the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the PAH contamination sources in soil and vegetables mainly originated from a pyrogenic origin, traffic emission sources, and biomass combustion. The bioconcentration factors (BCF) for ∑16PAHs have been observed in the order of tomatoes > cucumbers and eggplants > zucchini. A potential cancer risk related to lifetime consumption was revealed based on calculating the incremental lifetime cancer risk of PAHs (ILCR). Therefore, sustainable agricultural practices and avoiding biomass combusting would greatly help in minimizing the potential health risk from dietary exposure to PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farh Al-Nasir
- Faculty of Agriculture, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Tahani J. Hijazin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | | | - Anwar Jiries
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Osama Y. Al-Madanat
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
- Prince Faisal Center for the Dead Sea, Environmental and Energy Research, Mutah 61710, Jordan
| | - Amal Mayyas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Science, American University of Madaba, Amman 11821, Jordan
| | - Saddam A. Al-Dalain
- Al-Shoubak University College, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Rasha Al-Dmour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Abdalrahim Alahmad
- Institut für Technische Chemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mufeed I. Batarseh
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Karak 61710, Jordan
- Academic Support Department, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 111499, United Arab Emirates
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Madrid F, Florido MC, Rubio-Bellido M, Villaverde J, Morillo E. Dissipation of a mix of priority PAHs in soils by using availability enhancers. Effect of aging and pollutant interactions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 837:155744. [PMID: 35526632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A remediation strategy using three non-toxic availability enhancers (two cyclodextrins and a rhamnolipid biosurfactant) was applied to various soils artificially contaminated with a mix of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) considered priority pollutants at two levels of contamination: only with 7 low molecular weight PAHs (LMW PAHs, 5 with 3-ring and 2 with 4-ring - fluoranthene and pyrene) or with 14 PAHs (from 3 to 6 rings). Natural attenuation of PAHs in all soils showed degradation capacity for the LMW PAHs, with a final content of LMW PAHs <5% of their initial concentration. Conversely, the rest of PAHs (high molecular weight PAHs, HMW) remained in the soils (61% - 83.5%), indicating abiotic dissipation of HMW PAHs due to formation of non-extractable residues in soils. The influence of the presence of HMW PAHs on the degradation of the 7 LMW PAHs was also tested, showing a general decrease in the time to obtain 50% dissipation (DT50), statistically significant for acenaphthene, acenaphthylene and fluorene. Availability enhancers showed different effects on PAHs dissipation. 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP) decreased DT50 of some of the lighter PAHs, whereas the rhamnolipid (RL) caused a slight DT50 increase due to its initial toxicity on native soil microorganisms, but showing later high degradation rate for LMW PAHs. On the contrary, randomly methylated-β-cyclodextrin (RAMEB) slowed down PAHs degradation due to its high adsorption onto soil surface, blocking the desorption of PAHs from the soils. The high number of experimental factors not studied simultaneously before (soil type, co-contamination, availability enhancers and incubation time) allowed to conduct a statistical analysis which supported the conclusions reached. Principal Component Analysis separated the studied PAHs in 3 groups, in relation with their molecular weight and Kow. The first principal component was related with LMW PAHs, and separate the inefficient RAMEB from the other availability enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Madrid
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - M C Florido
- Departamento de Cristalografía, Mineralogía y Química Agrícola, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Rubio-Bellido
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - J Villaverde
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
| | - E Morillo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
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15
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Zhao H, Wang L, Lei Y, Wang Y, Yang D, Zhou Y, Yuan X. Identification of a novel CYP4V gene in the polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis: transcriptional comparison with a CYP4B gene exposed to PAHs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:47527-47538. [PMID: 35182348 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18992-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polychaete worms can biotransform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environments, and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme plays an important role in this process. Herein, a novel cytochrome P450 gene was identified and characterized from the polychaete worm Perinereis aibuhitensis. The full-length cDNA, which is named CYP4V82, is 1709 bp encoding a protein of 509 amino acids and has high similarity to CYP4V. The expression levels of CYP4V82 and CYP4BB4 (a CYP gene identified from P. aibuhitensis in a previous study, Chen et al. Mar Pollut Bull 64:1782-1788, 2012) exposure to various concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 μg/L) and same mass concentrations of fluoranthene (Flu, 3.2 μg/L), phenanthrene (Phe, 2.9 μg/L), B[a]P (4.0 μg/L) were detected to identify the function of the CYP4 family in P. aibuhitensis. Compared with CYP4BB4, CYP4V82 mRNA was minimally expressed on day 7 but highly sensitive on day 14. Notably, the expression levels of CYP4V82 and CYP4BB4 were relatively different in short-term responses to PAHs with different benzene rings of the same concentration. The expression of CYP4V82 in the B[a]P group was the highest, while that of CYP4BB4 in the Phe group was relatively higher than the two other groups. These findings suggest that PAHs are associated with the induction of CYP4V82 and CYP4BB4 expressions in P. aibuhitensis, which may have different efficiencies in the detoxification of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhao
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Wang
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lei
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Dazuo Yang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yibing Zhou
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiutang Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China.
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Jesus F, Pereira JL, Campos I, Santos M, Ré A, Keizer J, Nogueira A, Gonçalves FJM, Abrantes N, Serpa D. A review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons distribution in freshwater ecosystems and their toxicity to benthic fauna. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153282. [PMID: 35066033 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of organic compounds, found ubiquitously in all environmental compartments. PAHs are considered hazardous pollutants, being of concern to both the environmental and human health. In the aquatic environment, PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their high hydrophobicity, and thus sediments can be considered their ultimate sink. Concurrently, sediments comprise important habitats for benthic species. This raises concern over the toxic effects of PAHs to benthic communities. Despite PAHs have been the subject of several reviews, their toxicity to freshwater benthic species has not been comprehensively discussed. This review aimed to provide an overview on PAHs distribution in freshwater environments and on their toxicity to benthic fauna species. The distribution of PAHs between sediments and the overlying water column, given by the sediment-water partition coefficient, revealed that PAHs concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in sediments than in water. The sediment-water partition coefficient was positively correlated to PAHs hydrophobicity. Toxicity of PAHs to benthic fauna was addressed through Species Sensitivity Distributions. The derived hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) decreased as follows: NAP (376 μg L-1) > PHE > PYR > FLT > ANT (0.854 μg L-1), varying by 3 orders of magnitude. The hazardous concentrations (HC5) to benthic species were inversely correlated to the hydrophobicity of the individual PAHs. These findings are pertinent for environmental risk assessment of these compounds. This review also identified future challenges regarding the environmental toxicity of PAHs to freshwater benthic communities, namely the need for updating the PAHs priority list and the importance of comprehensively and more realistically assess the toxicity of PAHs in combination with other stressors, both chemical and climate-related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Jesus
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Joana L Pereira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Isabel Campos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Martha Santos
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Ré
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jacob Keizer
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Nogueira
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J M Gonçalves
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nelson Abrantes
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Dalila Serpa
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Kohan DS, Lanno RP, Weavers LK. Using solid-phase microextraction during ultrasound reveals higher aqueous PAHs release from contaminated sediment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 85:105981. [PMID: 35320772 PMCID: PMC8938626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) releases polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from contaminated creosote sediments and degrades PAHs in aqueous solution. However, it is unclear how much PAHs release occurs during active US compared to after US is stopped. In this study, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used to determine aqueous PAH concentrations desorbed from Little Scioto River creosote contaminated sediment during exposure to 20 kHz ultrasound (US) at a power of 430 W L-1. First, SPME fiber-water partition coefficients,KSPME, were experimentally determined and shown to be comparable with previous studies. Next, PAH concentrations released into aqueous solution were determined by sequentially exposing fresh, conditioned SPME fibers in a reactor containing the contaminated sediment and DI for 10 min periods. Three consecutive 10 min periods each were measured during US and after US. Compared to mixing only, PAHs desorbed during ultrasound was significantly higher. In addition, for phenanthrene, anthracene, and fluoranthene, US showed significantly higher aqueous concentrations during US compared with after US. For these less soluble PAHs, desorption into the aqueous phase reaches and surpasses expected equilibrium aqueous concentrations. However, when US is ceased, PAHs appear to resorb onto sediment resulting in the lower concentrations measured in these PAH compounds after US that are similar to expected equilibrium aqueous concentrations. Typical analytical extraction methods for determining the effects of US require stopping treatment and may underestimate the potential US has for release of contaminants from sediment during US. Using SPME during US treatment reveals that the concentration of PAHs during US may surpass the expected equilibrium aqueous concentration of some PAHs congeners. To our knowledge, this higher concentration observed during US compared to after US has not been shown previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S Kohan
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Roman P Lanno
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Evolutionary Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Linda K Weavers
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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18
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Application of individual response factors for accurate quantitation of alkylated PAH homologs in complex environmental samples using gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.107074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Jing M, Han G, Li Y, Zong W, Liu R. Cellular and molecular responses of earthworm coelomocytes and antioxidant enzymes to naphthalene and a major metabolite (1-naphthol). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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20
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Frapiccini E, Cocci P, Annibaldi A, Panfili M, Santojanni A, Grilli F, Marini M, Palermo FA. Assessment of seasonal relationship between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation and expression patterns of oxidative stress-related genes in muscle tissues of red mullet (M. barbatus) from the Northern Adriatic Sea. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 88:103752. [PMID: 34624478 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the seasonal association between Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and mRNA expression profiles of some antioxidant genes (i.e. CAT, GST and SOD), as well as lipid peroxidation (LPO), in muscle of sexually inactive females of red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Fish were captured in a fishery area of the Northern Adriatic Sea during both winter and summer. We found significantly (p < 0.05) higher ∑HMW-PAHs concentrations in muscle of specimens caught during winter than summer. On the basis of sampling season, red mullets exhibited different gene expression profiles of antioxidant enzymes showing lower levels of both CAT and GST in winter than in summer. Accordingly, CAT was found to be negatively associated with ∑PAH concentrations, especially ∑LMW-PAH, in individuals collected during winter. Seasonal-related downregulation of some oxidative stress biomarker expression is suggestive of greater susceptibility of red mullets to PAHs during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Frapiccini
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Anna Annibaldi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Monica Panfili
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alberto Santojanni
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Federica Grilli
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- National Research Council, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies (CNR IRBIM), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125, Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies (FMC), Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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21
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Cai X, Li J, Guan F, Luo X, Yuan Y. Unveiling metabolic characteristics of an uncultured Gammaproteobacterium responsible for in situ PAH biodegradation in petroleum polluted soil. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:7093-7104. [PMID: 34674400 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the metabolic characteristics of indigenous PAH degraders is critical to understanding the PAH bioremediation mechanism in the natural environment. While stable-isotopic probing (SIP) is a viable method to identify functional microorganisms in complex environments, the metabolic characteristics of uncultured degraders are still elusive. Here, we investigated the naphthalene (NAP) biodegradation of petroleum polluted soils by combining SIP, amplicon sequencing and metagenome binning. Based on the SIP and amplicon sequencing results, an uncultured Gammaproteobacterium sp. was identified as the key NAP degrader. Additionally, the assembled genome of this uncultured degrader was successfully obtained from the 13 C-DNA metagenomes by matching its 16S rRNA gene with the SIP identified OTU sequence. Meanwhile, a number of NAP degrading genes encoding naphthalene/PAH dioxygenases were identified in this genome, further confirming the direct involvement of this indigenous degrader in the NAP degradation. The degrader contained genes related to the metabolisms of several carbon sources, energy substances and vitamins, illuminating potential reasons for why microorganisms cannot be cultivated and finally realize their cultivation. Our findings provide novel information on the mechanisms of in situ PAH biodegradation and add to our current knowledge on the cultivation of non-culturable microorganisms by combining both SIP and metagenome binning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jibing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fengyi Guan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshan Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Hatami Manesh M, Haghshenas A, Mirzaei M, Azadi H, Marofi S. Seasonal variations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of a marine resource hot spot: the case of pars special economic energy zone, Iran. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:3897-3919. [PMID: 33742337 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important group of compounds of major environmental concern, which are in the class of persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, the key purpose of this research was to analyze seasonal fluctuations and to determine the probability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments of the Iranian Marine Resource Center based on the evaluation of 16 US-EPA important PAH compounds. These compounds have been collected from intertidal sediments located in the marine resources of southern Iran in different seasons. These samples of the surficial sediment were collected at the PSEEZ area using a stainless steel grab sampler in four seasons, from depths between 0.5 and 30 m. Surface sediment samples were removed by spoons and carefully placed in an aluminum foil; they were taken to the laboratory on ice and held at 20° C until their study. After extraction, by using a rotary evaporator apparatus, samples were condensed. The assay was added to roughly 2 g of activated copper flasks in the refrigerator for 36 h for desulfurization. Among different seasons, the highest concentration was observed in winter, with a mean of 281.3 ng g-1. According to ecological risk assessment (concentrations of possible effects, low effect range, degree of threshold effects, and median effect range), PAH risks in surface sediments of PSEEZ were lower than the threshold results levels (TEL), possible effects levels (PEL), low range of effects (ERL), and median range of effects (ERM), indicating that a biological effect would rarely occur. The dry weight scale of the concentration of ∑PAHs ranges from 145.7 to 348.42 ng g-1 with a mean quantity of 260.52 ng g-1. Therefore, according to the amount of ∑PAH concentration, the sediments in the PSEEZ area indicated moderate to heavy pollutions. In this way, the sedimentary surface ecosystems of the Persian Gulf were considered as moderately polluted compared with other ecosystems worldwide. Our study highlighted some of the research gaps in PAH contamination studies and the level of PAH contamination. Therefore, this study will provide a scientific background, planning, and policies for PAH pollution control and environmental protection in Iran and similar regions around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hatami Manesh
- Young Researcher and Eite Club, Yasouj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Arash Haghshenas
- Iran Shrimp Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mirzaei
- Department of Environment, School of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hossein Azadi
- Department of Geography, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Safar Marofi
- Water Engineering Department, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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23
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Poulsen R, Gravert TKO, Tartara A, Bensen HK, Gunnarsen KC, Dicová K, Nielsen NJ, Christensen JH. A case study of PAH contamination using blue mussels as a bioindicator in a small Greenlandic fishing harbor. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112688. [PMID: 34271510 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of local anthropogenic activity on the marine environment around the remote harbor of Qeqertarsuaq, West Greenland. Blue mussels (Mytilus sp.) were used as a bioindicator, and their physiological condition was found to decrease with increasing proximity to the harbor. Subsequently, the distribution of 19 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 9 groups of alkylated PAHs were measured in mussel and sediment samples. The highest values were found in a rocky collection area 15 m from a wooden pier frequented by small boats. A PAH source investigation, indicated a mixed source from light fuel oils and creosote used as boat coating. Finally, correlations between the mussels morphological condition and the PAH pollution were found to be significant for 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs. In conclusion, the results indicate that pollution sources in harbors have significant effects on the local environment and should be considered in arctic conservation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Poulsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Arianna Tartara
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Henriette Kornmaaler Bensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Klara Cecilia Gunnarsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristína Dicová
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Juul Nielsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Henning Christensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Sui L, Yan K, Zhang H, Nie J, Yang X, Xu CL, Liang X. Mogroside V Alleviates Oocyte Meiotic Defects and Quality Deterioration in Benzo(a)pyrene-Exposed Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:722779. [PMID: 34512349 PMCID: PMC8428525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.722779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) exposure adversely affects female reproduction, especially oocyte meiotic maturation and subsequent embryo development. Although we previously found that mogroside V (MV), a major bioactive component of S. grosvenorii, can protect oocytes from quality deterioration caused by certain stresses, whether MV can alleviate BaP exposure-mediated oocyte meiotic defects remains unknown. In this study, female mice were exposed to BaP and treated concomitantly with MV by gavage. We found that BaP exposure reduced the oocyte maturation rate and blastocyst formation rate, which was associated with increased abnormalities in spindle formation and chromosome alignment, reduced acetylated tubulin levels, damaged actin polymerization and reduced Juno levels, indicating that BaP exposure results in oocyte nucleic and cytoplasmic damage. Interestingly, MV treatment significantly alleviated all the BaP exposure-mediated defects mentioned above, indicating that MV can protect oocytes from BaP exposure-mediated nucleic and cytoplasmic damage. Additionally, BaP exposure increased intracellular ROS levels, meanwhile induced DNA damage and early apoptosis in oocytes, but MV treatment ameliorated these defective parameters, therefore it is possible that MV restored BaP-mediated oocyte defects by reducing oxidative stress. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MV might alleviate oocyte meiotic defects and quality deterioration in BaP-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Ke Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junyu Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaogan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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25
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Yuan X, Zhao H, Wang Y, Wang L, Li D, Zhang A, Yang X, Ma X, Yang D, Zhou Y. Expression profile of a novel glutathione S-transferase gene in the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis in short-term responses to phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and benzo[α]pyrene. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112552. [PMID: 34082356 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polychaete worms can eliminate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environments through a mechanism that increases their water solubility. This detoxification starts with cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and then with glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). Here, a novel GST gene was identified and characterized from the widespread polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. The full-length cDNA of GST is 1544 bp and encodes 256 amino acids, belonging to the omega class. Gene expression patterns in P. aibuhitensis showed that its transcriptional level was positively correlated with the concentration of benzo[α]pyrene (0.5, 2, 4, and 8 μg/L) exposure but was negatively correlated with a PAH benzene ring after it was exposed to the same mass concentrations of fluoranthene (3.2 μg/L), phenanthrene (2.9 μg/L), and benzo[α]pyrene (4.0 μg/L) during the 14-day experimentation. These findings indicate that omega GST may play an important role in the phase II detoxification of PAHs in polychaete worms, and the persistence and bioavailability of PAHs may depend on benzene rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiutang Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China; National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Huan Zhao
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China; Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lili Wang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Anguo Zhang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xindong Ma
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dazuo Yang
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yibing Zhou
- Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
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26
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Agrochemical and Pollution Status of Urbanized Agricultural Soils in the Central Part of Yamal Region. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14144080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This research looked at the state of soils faced with urbanization processes in the Arctic region of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District (YANAO). Soils recently used in agriculture, which are now included in the infrastructure of the cities of Salekhard, Labytnangi, Kharsaim, and Aksarka in the form of various parks and public gardens were studied. Morphological, physico-chemical, and agrochemical studies of selected soils were conducted. Significant differences in fertility parameters between urbanized abandoned agricultural soils and mature soils of the region were revealed. The quality of soil resources was also evaluated in terms of their ecotoxicology condition, namely, the concentrations of trace metals in soils were determined and their current condition was assessed using calculations of various individual and complex soil quality indices.
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Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic). MINERALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/min11070668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dynamically developing urbanization causes a number of environmental effects, including those related to the chemical transformation of soils. Relatively less information about the urban areas of the Arctic and Subarctic zones, constructed mostly on permafrost and intensively populated areas can be found. By the example of the analysis of basic soil properties and concentrations of trace metals in the soils of the cities of Salekhard, Urengoy, Nadym, Novy Urengoy and Gaz Sale (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), as well as various functional zones within the cities, the relationship between the age of the cities, the level of anthropogenic pressure and the type of parent materials and the character of accumulation of metals in the soil profile of urban soils have been described. The direct correlation was found between the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, As and soil sorption characteristics. In young cities built on sandy sediments, there is less accumulation of heavy metals in the topsoil horizons. Relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Cd were noted in soils of industrialized cities, regardless of functional zones. The higher content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb has been registered in older zones also frequently used for residential purposes. The calculated values of the PI index for some functional zones of young cities show the medium and high content of heavy metals. The analysis of Igeo and PLI indices shows a large diversity both in relation to individual cities and their functional zones. Soil quality, in spite of the high level of anthropogenic load, was assessed as mostly satisfactory.
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28
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Benny AM, Benny A, Aravind ES. Determination of PAH Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[b]flouranthene and Benzo[a]pyrene in Hydro Alcoholic Herbal Extracts with Fluorescence Detector Using Solid-Phase Extraction. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:148-153. [PMID: 33190152 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An appropriate purification and quantification method has been developed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in hydro alcoholic herbal extracts. For this, Bacopa monnieri, Camellia sinensis, Withania somnifera and Andrographis paniculata samples were extracted with modified solid-phase extraction (SPE) and the PAH were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detector. Purification of herbal extract using hexane and acetone in the ratio of 1:1 followed by treatment with QuEChERS salt (6 g MgSO4 and 1.5 g sodium acetate) improved the recovery rate of PAH. Silica SPE, which accomplishes solvent exchange to hexane by cleanup method, was developed to reduce the matrix effect and quality of the result obtained was increased. The developed method can be used for regular monitoring and analysis of PAH in natural extracts so as to prevent contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Merina Benny
- Arjuna Natural Private Ltd (formerly Arjuna Natural Ltd), Research and Development Laboratory, Door No. 187/D, Behind ISRO, Erumathala PO, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - Antony Benny
- Arjuna Natural Private Ltd (formerly Arjuna Natural Ltd), Research and Development Laboratory, Door No. 187/D, Behind ISRO, Erumathala PO, Aluva, Kerala, India
| | - E S Aravind
- Arjuna Natural Private Ltd (formerly Arjuna Natural Ltd), Research and Development Laboratory, Door No. 187/D, Behind ISRO, Erumathala PO, Aluva, Kerala, India
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29
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Palamae S, Sompongchaiyakul P, Suttinun O. Effects of crude oil and aromatic compounds on growth and bioluminescence of Vibrio campbellii FS5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:291. [PMID: 33891179 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen native luminescent bacteria were isolated from the Gulf of Thailand, and their sensitivity for the detection of toxicity of crude oil and its aromatic components was investigated. Of these isolates, Vibrio campbellii strain FS5 was one of the two most highly inhibited bacteria at all crude oil concentrations. This bacterium showed a decrease in luminescence intensity of between 10.7 and 80.2% after a 15-min exposure to 0.0001-10 mg/L of crude oil. The degree of bioluminescence inhibition increased with increasing concentrations of crude oil. The presence of crude oil at all concentrations had negative effects on the log bioluminescence per log number of viable cells after 15- to 105-min exposure. About 10 to 100 times, lower half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values were observed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than those for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX). In the presence of each individual BTEX and PAH, the bioluminescence inhibition increased with increasing exposure time (1-32 h). This indigenous bacterium can be used as a simple and general indicator of oil contamination and its impact on coastal waters as well as for assessing potential toxicity during oil bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suriya Palamae
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Penjai Sompongchaiyakul
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence On Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Oramas Suttinun
- Environmental Assessment and Technology for Hazardous Waste Management Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence On Hazardous Substance Management (HSM), Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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30
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Terzaghi E, Falakdin P, Fattore E, Di Guardo A. Estimating temporal and spatial levels of PAHs in air using rain samples and SPME analysis: Feasibility evaluation in an urban scenario. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:144184. [PMID: 33360473 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in evaluating the role of concentration changes of contaminants in temporal and spatial gradients. This is often relevant for fast moving environmental phases such as air and water. In this paper, small volumes of rainwater were sampled as proxy for air concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): rain was collected in three sampling sites (high traffic, restricted traffic and a low traffic zone) in Como. Solid phase micro extraction (SPME) was used for the extraction to reduce required sample volumes, allowing the acquisition of more samples in time. Rain samples highlighted a spatial and temporal variability along a traffic gradient in the Como city, especially for the most abundant PAH, e.g. phenanthrene. Air concentrations were then estimated from rain concentrations. The results show that this is a cheap and promising method, although requiring rainfall/snowfall conditions, that can be used to perform monitoring campaign of air concentrations at a higher temporal and spatial resolution than the adopted standard methods (e.g. high-volume air samplers). The results could be employed for evaluation of the exposure, emission profiles and calibration of fate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Terzaghi
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Parisa Falakdin
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Elena Fattore
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Guardo
- Department of Science and High Technology (DiSAT), University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy.
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31
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Temporal Distribution and Gas/Particle Partitioning of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere of Strasbourg, France. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos12030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Gas and particulate phase ambient air concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (Ʃ16PAHs) were determined in Strasbourg, a large city located in the Alsace region of northeastern France, from May 2018 to March 2020, to study the evolution of their temporal variations and their potential origins. The analysis of PAHs was performed using a global analytical method permitting the quantification of pesticides, PAHs, and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs). Filters and Carbon doped silicon carbide NMC@SiC foams were extracted by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE). Afterwards, extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Prior to analysis, a pre-concentration step based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was used with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 100 µm fiber. The average total (gas plus particulate) concentration of Ʃ16PAHs varied from 0.51 to 117.31 ng m−3 with a mean of 16.87 ng m−3, with higher concentrations in the cold season of more than 2.5-fold and 6-fold that in the warm season for the gas and particulate phases, respectively. Moreover, low molecular weight (LMW) (2-ring and 3-ring) and medium molecular weight (MMW) (4-ring) PAHs contribute dominantly to the gas phase, while the particulate phase is associated with MMW (4-ring) and high molecular weight (HMW) (5-ring and 6-ring) PAHs. Gas/particle partitioning coefficient (log Kp) was calculated, and values varied between −4.13 and −1.49. It can be seen that the log Kp increased with the molecular weight of the PAHs and that the log Kp is different between cold and warm seasons for HMW PAHs but not for LMW PAHs. Diagnostic ratios of PAHs, which were employed to estimate the primary source of PAHs in Strasbourg, indicate that fuel combustion and biomass/coal burning are the possible origins of PAHs in Strasbourg’s atmosphere.
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32
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Parkerton TF, Letinski DJ, Febbo EJ, Butler JD, Sutherland CA, Bragin GE, Hedgpeth BM, Kelley BA, Redman AD, Mayer P, Camenzuli L, Vaiopoulou E. Assessing toxicity of hydrophobic aliphatic and monoaromatic hydrocarbons at the solubility limit using novel dosing methods. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 265:129174. [PMID: 33340835 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Reliable delineation of aquatic toxicity cut-offs for poorly soluble hydrocarbons is lacking. In this study, vapor and passive dosing methods were applied in limit tests with algae and daphnids to evaluate the presence or absence of chronic effects at exposures corresponding to the water solubility for representative hydrocarbons from five structural classes: branched alkanes, mono, di, and polynaphthenic (cyclic) alkanes and monoaromatic naphthenic hydrocarbons (MANHs). Algal growth rate and daphnid immobilization, growth and reproduction served as the chronic endpoints investigated. Results indicated that the dosing methods applied were effective for maintaining mean measured exposure concentrations within a factor of two or higher of the measured water solubility of the substances investigated. Chronic effects were not observed for hydrocarbons with an aqueous solubility below approximately 5 μg/L. This solubility cut-off corresponds to structures consisting of 13-14 carbons for branched and cyclic alkanes and 16-18 carbons for MANHs. These data support reliable hazard and risk evaluation of hydrocarbon classes that comprise petroleum substances and the methods described have broad applicability for establishing empirical solubility cut-offs for other classes of hydrophobic substances. Future work is needed to understand the role of biotransformation on the observed presence or absence of toxicity in chronic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Parkerton
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Spring, TX, USA; Concawe, Environmental Management Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aaron D Redman
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical, Machelen, Belgium; Concawe, Environmental Management Group, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Louise Camenzuli
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and Chemical, Machelen, Belgium; Concawe, Environmental Management Group, Brussels, Belgium
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33
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Rowe GT, Fernando H, Elferink C, Ansari GAS, Sullivan J, Heathman T, Quigg A, Petronella Croisant S, Wade TL, Santschi PH. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cycling and fates in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243734. [PMID: 33370322 PMCID: PMC7769252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cycling and fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is not well understood in estuarine systems. It is critical now more than ever given the increased ecosystem pressures on these critical coastal habitats. A budget of PAHs and cycling has been created for Galveston Bay (Texas) in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico, an estuary surrounded by 30-50% of the US capacity of oil refineries and chemical industry. We estimate that approximately 3 to 4 mt per year of pyrogenic PAHs are introduced to Galveston Bay via gaseous exchange from the atmosphere (ca. 2 mt/year) in addition to numerous spills of petrogenic PAHs from oil and gas operations (ca. 1.0 to 1.9 mt/year). PAHs are cycled through and stored in the biota, and ca. 20 to 30% of the total (0.8 to 1.5 mt per year) are estimated to be buried in the sediments. Oysters concentrate PAHs to levels above their surroundings (water and sediments) and contain substantially greater concentrations than other fish catch (shrimp, blue crabs and fin fish). Smaller organisms (infaunal invertebrates, phytoplankton and zooplankton) might also retain a significant fraction of the total, but direct evidence for this is lacking. The amount of PAHs delivered to humans in seafood, based on reported landings, is trivially small compared to the total inputs, sediment accumulation and other possible fates (metabolic remineralization, export in tides, etc.), which remain poorly known. The generally higher concentrations in biota from Galveston Bay compared to other coastal habitats can be attributed to both intermittent spills of gas and oil and the bay's close proximity to high production of pyrogenic PAHs within the urban industrial complex of the city of Houston as well as periodic flood events that transport PAHs from land surfaces to the Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert T. Rowe
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harshica Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas, United States of America
| | - Cornelis Elferink
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - G. A. Shakeel Ansari
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John Sullivan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas Heathman
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Antonietta Quigg
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Terry L. Wade
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter H. Santschi
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Caroselli E, Frapiccini E, Franzellitti S, Palazzo Q, Prada F, Betti M, Goffredo S, Marini M. Accumulation of PAHs in the tissues and algal symbionts of a common Mediterranean coral: Skeletal storage relates to population age structure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140781. [PMID: 32673924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and harmful environmental pollutants that threaten marine ecosystems. Assessing their level and source is crucial to estimate the potential risks for marine organisms, as PAHs represent an additional threat to organism resilience under ongoing climatic change. Here we applied the QuEChERS extraction method to quantify four PAHs (i.e. acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) in three biological compartments (i.e. skeleton, tissue, and zooxanthellae symbiotic algae) of adult and old specimens of a scleractinian coral species (Balanophyllia europaea) that is widespread throughout the Mediterranean Sea. A higher concentration of all four investigated PAHs was observed in the zooxanthellae, followed by the coral tissue, with lowest concentration in the skeleton, consistently with previous studies on tropical species. In all the three biological compartments, the concentration of low molecular weight PAHs was higher with respect to high-molecular weight PAHs, in agreement with their bioaccumulation capabilities. PAH concentration was unrelated to skeletal age. Observed PAHs were of petrogenic origin, reflecting the pollution sources of the sampling area. By coupling PAH data with population age structure data measured in the field, the amount of PAHs stored in the long term (i.e. up to 20 years) in coral skeletons was quantified and resulted in 53.6 ng m-2 of acenaphthene, 69.4 ng m-2 of fluorene, 2.7 ng m-2 of fluoranthene, and 11.7 ng m-2 of pyrene. This estimate provides the basis for further assessments of long-term sequestration of PAHs from the marine environment in the whole Mediterranean, given the widespread distribution of the investigated coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Quinzia Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mattia Betti
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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Zainal PNS, Alang Ahmad SA, Abdul Aziz SFN, Rosly NZ. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Occurrence, Electroanalysis, Challenges, and Future Outlooks. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 52:878-896. [PMID: 33155481 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1839736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The past several decades have seen increasing concern regarding the wide distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in environmental matrices. Primary toxicological data show PAHs' persistent characteristics and possible toxicity effects. Because of this pressing global issue, electroanalytical methods have been introduced. These methods are effective for PAH determination in environmental waters, even outclassing sophisticated analytical techniques such as chromatography, conventional spectrophotometry, fluorescence, and capillary electrophoresis. Herein, the literature published on PAHs is reviewed and discussed with special regard to PAH occurrence. Moreover, the recent developments in electrochemical sensors for PAH determination and the challenges and future outlooks in this field, are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahrul Ainliah Alang Ahmad
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.,Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nor Zida Rosly
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang N, Wang YP, Duan X, Wang J, Xie Y, Dong C, Gao J, Yin P. Controlling factors for the distribution of typical organic pollutants in the surface sediment of a macrotidal bay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28276-28287. [PMID: 32415449 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Marine sediment is the final sink of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from river input and atmospheric deposition. Such kind of pollutant cycles in the marine environment is usually controlled by hydrodynamic conditions. Many previous studies have explored how ocean currents influence pollutant distribution, but very few studies have focused on the relationships between the distribution patterns of pollutant and residual currents or sediment transport. In this study, 16 monomers of PAHs from 135 surface sediment samples collected in the Hangzhou Bay, a typical macrotidal bay, were systematically identified and their sources were analyzed. The sediment characteristics and distribution pattern were also comprehensively analyzed. The results showed the seabed sediments were moderately polluted by PAHs with a level of 38.58-1371.06 ng/g (median 186.70 ng/g). Most of the PAHs are composed of three to five rings, originated from combustion of coal and firewood. The combustion of oil also contributes to PAHs in seabed sediments for some areas. The PAHs are found to be concentrated within the estuary and the offshore areas, as well in coastal ocean. Fine-grained sediment transport is controlled by residual currents, which leads to PAH accumulation in the bay and the offshore areas, forming a high-value distribution pattern. Hence, we conclude that residual current is the main factors that control the long-term distribution of PAHs in the seabed sediments of the macrotidal bay. Temporal and spatial varying models of PAHs were needed in a further study to explore further the mechanisms how PAHs are transported in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ya Ping Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, School of Marine Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Duan
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianqiang Wang
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Yongqing Xie
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Zhejiang Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Zhejiang, 315012, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Ping Yin
- Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, 266071, China
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Haque MM, Fang C, Schnelle-Kreis J, Abbaszade G, Liu X, Bao M, Zhang W, Zhang YL. Regional haze formation enhanced the atmospheric pollution levels in the Yangtze River Delta region, China: Implications for anthropogenic sources and secondary aerosol formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 728:138013. [PMID: 32361103 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-time-resolution (3-hour) PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously from the rural and urban areas in the Yangtze River Delta region during winter. The aerosol samples were analyzed for carbonaceous components, organic tracers, water-soluble inorganic ions and stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopic compositions of total carbon and total nitrogen. The values of PM2.5 and secondary organic carbon (SOC) for both sampling sites were observed 2 times higher in haze events compare to those in clear days, implying severe pollution occurred by photochemical oxidation during haze periods. The PM mass of rural samples showed similar temporal trend and significant correlation with the urban PM, reflecting pollution sources or their formation process are most likely identical. Diurnal variations of PM2.5 and carbonaceous components revealed that pollution levels increased at daytime due to the photochemical oxidation. In addition, SOC and OC were influenced by the relative humidity (RH%) and temperature (T °C), indicating that such meteorological factors play important roles in the occurrence of regional air pollution. The concentrations of levoglucosan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, hopanes, and n-alkanes were 625 ± 456 and 519 ± 301 ng m-3, 32.6 ± 24.7 and 28.7 ± 20.1 ng m-3, 1.83 ± 1.51 and 1.26 ± 1.34 ng m-3, and 302 ± 206 and 169 ± 131 ng m-3 for rural and urban samples, respectively. Levoglucosan is the most abundant organic compounds, exhibited 2-3 times higher in haze than clear days, suggesting biomass burning (BB) emission substantially affects the haze pollution in winter. Furthermore, NO3- was the dominant ionic species followed by SO42-, NH4+, Cl- and other minor species for both sites. The δ13C and δ15N values demonstrate that anthropogenic activities such as fossil fuel combustion and BB are the major sources for carbonaceous and nitrogenous aerosols. This study implies that both the regional anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions influenced the regional haze formation, leading enhancement of pollution levels in eastern China during winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mozammel Haque
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Cao Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Cooperat Grp Comprehens Mol Analyt, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gülcin Abbaszade
- Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Joint Mass Spectrometry Ctr, Cooperat Grp Comprehens Mol Analyt CMA, Gmunder Str 37, D-81479 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, International Joint Laboratory on Climate And Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education (KLME)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Metereological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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38
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Vállez-Gomis V, Grau J, Benedé JL, Chisvert A, Salvador A. Reduced graphene oxide-based magnetic composite for trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cosmetics by stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1624:461229. [PMID: 32540071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a sensitive and rapid analytical method for trace determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cosmetic samples. The proposed method is based on stir bar sorptive-dispersive microextraction (SBSDME). A magnetic composite made of CoFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles embedded into reduced graphene oxide sheets is used as sorbent phase. After the extraction, the target analytes are desorbed in toluene and then analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main parameters involved in the extraction procedure (i.e., composite amount, extraction time and desorption time) were evaluated and optimized to provide the best extraction efficiency. The method was successfully validated under the selected conditions, showing a linear range of at least up to 125 ng mL-1, instrumental and method limits of detection from 0.02 to 2.50 ng mL-1 and from 0.15 to 24.22 ng g-1, respectively, and relative standard deviations (RSD) below 10 % for all the target analytes. Standard addition combined with internal standard calibration was employed for quantification. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of ten PAHs in four cosmetic products of different matrix. Several analytes between 14 and 464 ng g-1 were found, some of them prohibited in cosmetic products. This work expands the analytical potential of SBSDME technique to other analytes and to the use of new sorbent phases, showing the great versatility of this approach depending on the characteristics of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Vállez-Gomis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - José Grau
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Juan L Benedé
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
| | - Alberto Chisvert
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain.
| | - Amparo Salvador
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia46100, Spain
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Prasad S, Brooks BR. A deep learning approach for the blind logP prediction in SAMPL6 challenge. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:535-542. [PMID: 32002779 PMCID: PMC8689685 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00292-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Water octanol partition coefficient serves as a measure for the lipophilicity of a molecule and is important in the field of drug discovery. A novel method for computational prediction of logarithm of partition coefficient (logP) has been developed using molecular fingerprints and a deep neural network. The machine learning model was trained on a dataset of 12,000 molecules and tested on 2000 molecules. In this article, we present our results for the blind prediction of logP for the SAMPL6 challenge. While the best submission achieved a RMSE of 0.41 logP units, our submission had a RMSE of 0.61 logP units. Overall, we ranked in the top quarter out of the 92 submissions that were made. Our results show that the deep learning model can be used as a fast, accurate and robust method for high throughput prediction of logP of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarjeet Prasad
- Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
| | - Bernard R Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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Zhang C, Li Y, Wang C, Feng Z, Hao Z, Yu W, Wang T, Zou X. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in marine organisms from two fishing grounds, South Yellow Sea, China: Bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 153:110995. [PMID: 32275544 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sediment and marine organism samples collected from Haizhou Bay and Lusi fishing ground in South Yellow Sea, China were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The concentrations of 16 PAHs in marine organisms ranged from 127.43 to 350.53 ng/g dry weight (dw, Haizhou Bay fishing ground) and from 86.37 to 213.02 ng/g dw (Lusi fishing ground). The dominant compounds were 2- and 3-ring PAHs in marine organism tissues. The main PAH sources were found to be coal combustion. Specific habitat, feeding habit, trophic level and environmental differences may affect the PAH levels in marine organisms in our study area. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) decreased with increasing PAH log Kow and BSAF values might differ in response to various environmental conditions and species. The excess cancer risk from PAH-contaminated seafood consumption was slightly higher than the guideline value (10-6), but much lower than the priority risk level (10-4).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuchu Zhang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yali Li
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sun University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Chenglong Wang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Ziyue Feng
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xinqing Zou
- School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Coast and Island Development, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of South China Sea Studies, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Sun Y, Zhang S, Xie Z, Lan J, Li T, Yuan D, Yang H, Xing B. Characteristics and ecological risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil seepage water in karst terrains, southwest China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 190:110122. [PMID: 31901540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and soil seepage waters were analyzed along with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to investigate the ecological risks and factors controlling the subsurface transport of PAHs in karst terrain in southwest China. The concentrations of dissolved PAHs in soil seepage water increased with depth and the mean concentrations at a depth of 80 cm were relatively high (exceeding 1147 ng/L). PAH composition in soil seepage water was dominated by low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs, whereas those associated with soil matrix were dominated by high molecular weight (HMW) PAHs. The results revealed that HMW PAHs in soil seepage water were closer to the equilibrium of dissolution than LMW and medium molecular weight (MMW) PAHs. However, due to the carrier functions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) for HMW PAHs, all PAHs can be continuously dissolved in the soil seepage water from soil matrix as the water moved vertical downward through the profiles. During this process, dynamic sorption and desorption processes were occurring between constituents in the soil seepage water and the soil matrix. This study demonstrates soil seepage water has posed a high risk to the groundwater, and effective protection is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Karst Geology, Guilin, 541004, China; Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| | - Siyu Zhang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States; Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhenglan Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jiacheng Lan
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Daoxian Yuan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Ministry of Land and Resources, Institute of Karst Geology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment, School of Geographical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
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Abstract
A desert soil sample was saturated with crude oil (17.3%, w/w) and aliquots were diluted to different extents with either pristine desert or garden soils. Heaps of all samples were exposed to outdoor conditions through six months, and were repeatedly irrigated with water and mixed thoroughly. Quantitative determination of the residual oil in the samples revealed that oil-bioremediation in the undiluted heaps was nearly as equally effective as in the diluted ones. One month after starting the experiment. 53 to 63% of oil was removed. During the subsequent five months, 14 to 24% of the oil continued to be consumed. The dynamics of the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial communities in the heaps was monitored. The highest numbers of those organisms coordinated chronologically with the maximum oil-removal. Out of the identified bacterial species, those affiliated with the genera Nocardioides (especially N. deserti), Dietzia (especially D. papillomatosis), Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Arthrobacter, Pseudomonas, Cellulomonas, Gordonia and others were main contributors to the oil-consumption. Some species, e.g. D. papillomatosis were minor community constituents at time zero but they prevailed at later phases. Most isolates tolerated up to 20% oil, and D. papillomatosis showed the maximum tolerance compared with all the other studied isolates. It was concluded that even in oil-saturated soil, self-cleaning proceeds at a normal rate. When pristine soil receives spilled oil, indigenous microorganisms suitable for dealing with the prevailing oil-concentrations become enriched and involved in oil-biodegradation.
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Sui L, Nie J, Xiao P, Yan K, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang H, Cui K, Lu K, Liang X. Maternal benzo[a]pyrene exposure is correlated with the meiotic arrest and quality deterioration of offspring oocytes in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 93:10-18. [PMID: 31874190 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) in particulate matter that has a diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5). Studies have demonstrated that BaP exposure causes oocyte meiotic arrest in mice. However, whether BaP exposure also affects oocyte maturation in offspring remains unclear. To test this, female mice were administered BaP before pregnancy to generate BaP-exposed offspring. Our findings showed that BaP exposure reduced the in vitro maturation and increased the abnormalities of meiotic apparatus in offspring oocytes. In addition, BaP exposure reduced the mitochondrial content and intracellular ATP generation, induced early apoptosis, increased reactive oxidative species accumulation and the genomic DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mc) level in offspring oocytes. Along with the abovementioned defective parameters, maternal BaP exposure further compromised the embryo developmental competence of offspring oocytes. In summary, our study demonstrated that maternal BaP exposure compromised offspring oocyte maturation and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumin Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Junyu Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ke Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Huiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Jiahao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hengye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Kexin Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Kehuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xingwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China; College of Animal Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Radwan SS, Al-Mailem DM, Kansour MK. Bioaugmentation failed to enhance oil bioremediation in three soil samples from three different continents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19508. [PMID: 31862978 PMCID: PMC6925256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56099-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil samples from Kuwait, Lebanon, Egypt and Germany were polluted with 3% crude oil. Series of samples were left unbioaugmented, others were bioaugmented with Kuwaiti desert soil with a long history of oil pollution and still others with Kuwaiti marine biofouling material. In the samples from Kuwait, Egypt, and Germany, bioaugmentation did not enhance oil removal, whereas it did in the sample from Lebanon. Taxa from the desert-soil bioaugmented batches, but none of those from the biofouling-material bioaugmented ones, succeeded in colonizing the four studied soils. The dynamics of the hydrocarbonoclastic communities during bioremediation were monitored. Those communities differed in composition, not only according to the type of soil, but also for the same soil; at various phases of bioremediation. Although each soil seemed to have its characteristic microflora, they all were similar in harboring lower and higher actinomycetes and pseudomonads in addition to many other taxa. None of the taxa prevailed through all phases of bioremediation. The most powerful isolate in oil-removal; was Rhodococcus erythropolis (Germany), and the weakest was Arthrobacter phenanthrenivorans (Lebanon). The pure hydrocarbonoclastic isolates tolerated unusually high oil concentrations, up to 30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir S Radwan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P O Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait. .,Von Einem Str. 25, 48159, Münster, Germany.
| | - Dina M Al-Mailem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P O Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait.
| | - Mayada K Kansour
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P O Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
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Rajabi M, Shafiei F. QSAR Models for Predicting Aquatic Toxicity of Esters Using Genetic Algorithm-Multiple Linear Regression Methods. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2019; 22:317-325. [PMID: 31215375 DOI: 10.2174/1386207322666190618150856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Esters are of great importance in industry, medicine, and space studies. Therefore, studying the toxicity of esters is very important. In this research, a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model was proposed for the prediction of aquatic toxicity (log 1/IGC50) of aliphatic esters towards Tetrahymena pyriformis using molecular descriptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A data set of 48 aliphatic esters was separated into a training set of 34 compounds and a test set of 14 compounds. A large number of molecular descriptors were calculated with Dragon software. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods were used to select the suitable descriptors and to generate the correlation models that relate the chemical structural features to the biological activities. RESULTS The predictive powers of the MLR models are discussed by using Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation and external test set. The best QSAR model is obtained with R2 value of 0.899, Q2 LOO =0.928, F=137.73, RMSE=0.263. CONCLUSION The predictive ability of the GA-MLR model with two selected molecular descriptors is satisfactory and it can be used for designing similar group and predicting of toxicity (log 1/IGC50) of ester derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rajabi
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shafiei
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
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Kim CH, Lee DW, Heo YM, Lee H, Yoo Y, Kim GH, Kim JJ. Desorption and solubilization of anthracene by a rhamnolipid biosurfactant from Rhodococcus fascians. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2019; 91:739-747. [PMID: 30874337 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rhamnolipid biosurfactant-producing bacterium, strain SDRB-G7, was isolated from the sediment of Sindu-ri beach and identified as Rhodococcus fascians based on a phylogenetic analysis. Optimal activity, with the highest yield (2.441 g/L) and surface tension-reducing activity (24.38 mN/m), was observed when the cells were grown on olive oil as their sole source of carbon at pH 8.0. The rhamnolipid biosurfactant showed environmental stability at a variety of NaCl concentrations (2-20%) and pH values (2-12) even under acidic conditions. Of the initial anthracene, 66% was solubilized by 100% crude biosurfactant. Furthermore, 100% crude biosurfactant desorbed 81% of the anthracene in sediment into the aqueous phase. These results suggest that the rhamnolipid biosurfactant produced from R. fascians SDRB-G7 is a promising candidate for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal from the sediment and can be an effective agent for processes that bioremediate PAHs such as surfactant-enhanced remediation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Biosurfactants can accelerate desorption of PAHs and improve their solubility. BS-producing R. fascians SDRB-G7 was selected by screening of biochemical tests. Solubility of anthracene was enhanced by rhamnolipid produced by strain SDRB-G7. Microbial surfactant is a promising alternative for bioremediation of PAH-polluted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul-Hwan Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Mok Heo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonjae Yoo
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyeok Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Li R, Hua P, Zhang J, Krebs P. A decline in the concentration of PAHs in Elbe River suspended sediments in response to a source change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:438-446. [PMID: 30716635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the analysis of the long-term trends and source apportionment of PAHs in the suspended sediments of the Elbe River in Saxony, Germany, from 2001 to 2016. The results of the Mann-Kendall trend test indicated that the concentrations of total and individual PAHs exhibited decreasing trends during the 16-year study period. According to the positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model, primary sources for every four-year period were identified as oil burning, biomass burning, and vehicular emissions from gasoline and diesel-powered engines. The changes in the sources were consistent with the trends in vehicle numbers and energy consumption during the last 16 years. Furthermore, the results of total toxic benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (TEQ) values indicated potential cancer risks. The results of the mean hazard quotient (MHQ) suggested that PAHs exhibited a 21% probability of being toxic to benthic organisms and to the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifei Li
- Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Pei Hua
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, 510006 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jin Zhang
- Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter Krebs
- Institute of Urban Water Management, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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Irha N, Blinova I. The Use of Bioassays for the Risk Assessment of Toxic Leachates: An Experimental Study. Altern Lab Anim 2019; 35:111-8. [PMID: 17411359 DOI: 10.1177/026119290703500111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Solid wastes from the oil-shale industry produce leachates containing toxic compounds such as heavy metals and persistent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The hazard to the environment represented by waste leachates depends not only on their chemical composition, but also on the mobility and bioavailability of toxic contaminants in soils. We evaluated the applicability of bioassays for toxicity assessment of the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals and PAH in soils, in experiments with samples of four different soil types (Rendzina, Brown pseudopodzolic, Typical brown, Sodpodzolic), the pH of which ranged from 6.2 to 7.2. The toxicity of the bioavailable fraction of the soil contaminants was assessed with the dehydrogenase enzyme activity assay, and with a Toxkit microbiotest with the crustacean, Thamnocephalus platyurus, after treatment of the soil samples with an artificial solution containing chromium (III), lead (II), copper (II), cadmium (II) and pyrene. The test results confirm those of earlier experiments, which characterised the sorption potential of investigated soils for the same compounds. Both tests turned out to be sufficiently sensitive, and hence can be recommended as effective and useful tools for the assessment of the bioavailable fraction of soil contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Irha
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia.
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Hąc-Wydro K, Połeć K, Broniatowski M. The impact of selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the morphology, stability and relaxation of ternary lipid monolayers imitating soil bacteria membrane. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Shi Z, Tang Z, Wang C. Effect of phenanthrene on the physicochemical properties of earthworm casts in soil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 168:348-355. [PMID: 30391839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms have been widely studied as bioindicators of soil health for their important role in sustaining soil structure and functions. Many soil contaminants such as phenanthrene have been confirmed to exert adverse effects on earthworms' growth, reproduction, behaviors and biochemical conditions. However, their effects on the properties of earthworm casts have been little studied. In the present study, the effect of different doses of phenanthrene (PHE) (0, 2, 5, 10, 20 mg/kg) on the six physicochemical properties and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra characteristics of earthworm casts was assessed in artificial soil in a laboratory. 1) Residual concentration of PHE in soils and casts increased with the increasing exposure concentrations and followed the order of casts > soil, concluding that Kow values are the important factor affecting the distribution of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) in soil and casts; 2) Earthworms produced casts with improved total organic carbon (TOC) (15-19%), NH4+-N (550-800%), total available phosphorus (TAP) (300-450%), cation exchange capacity (CEC) (about 15%) and available potassium (AK) (7-12.6%) compared to that in unpolluted soil, indicating that earthworms still have the ability to play the role of ecological engineers even in polluted soil; 3) The sensitivity of different properties of casts to phenanthrene varies, the order of sensitivity being (most sensitive first) NH4+-N ( triggered as 2 mg/kg of exposure concentrations) > AK (5 mg/kg) > Olsen-P (10 mg/kg) > TOC = pH= CEC (no response within the range of exposure concentrations). NH4+-N content in casts shows a clear dose-response relationship when the exposure exceeds 2 mg/kg, indicating that the index might be a potential sensitive biomarker to provide early warning for soil pollution. 4) FTIR spectra showed that the constitution of casts from earthworms in PHE-spiked soil was not significantly alternated. However, FTIR spectra revealed that the concentrations of C-O of polysaccharide in casts increased with the elevated exposure concentrations, indicating that intensities of C-O of polysaccharide at 1032 cm-1 of casts might be also a potential biomarker for the early-warning of soil pollution. This study advances the knowledge of earthworm ecology in polluted soil, and further extends the scope of earthworm casts as a potential biomarker in soil pollution assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Shi
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an 710064, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Tang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China.
| | - Congying Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation, Xi'an 710064, PR China.
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