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Sani T, Prada F, Radi G, Caroselli E, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Ocean warming and acidification detrimentally affect coral tissue regeneration at a Mediterranean CO 2 vent. Sci Total Environ 2024; 906:167789. [PMID: 37838040 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Among the main phenomena that are causing significant changes in ocean waters are warming and acidification, largely due to anthropogenic activities. Growing evidence suggests that climate change is having more substantial and rapid effects on marine communities than on terrestrial ones, triggering several physiological responses in these organisms, including in corals. Here we investigated, for first time in the field, the combined effect of increasing seawater acidification and warming on tissue regeneration rate of three Mediterranean scleractinian coral species characterized by different trophic strategies and growth modes. Balanophyllia europaea (solitary, zooxanthellate), Leptopsammia pruvoti (solitary, non-zooxanthellate) and Astroides calycularis (colonial, non-zooxanthellate) specimens were transplanted, during a cold, intermediate, and warm period, along a natural pH gradient generated by an underwater volcanic crater at Panarea Island (Mediterranean Sea, Italy), characterized by continuous and localized CO2 emissions at ambient temperature. Our results show a decrease in regenerative capacity, especially in the zooxanthellate species, with increasing seawater temperature and acidification, with demonstrated species-specific differences. This finding suggests that increasing seawater temperature and acidification could have a compounding effect on coral regeneration following injury, potentially hindering the capacity of corals to recover following physical disturbance under predicted climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Sani
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Giulia Radi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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Frapiccini E, Caroselli E, Franzellitti S, Prada F, Marini M, Goffredo S. Corrigendum to "Peculiar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation patterns in a non-zooxanthellate scleractinian coral" [Mar. Pollut. Bull. 184 (2022) 114109]. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 191:114946. [PMID: 37084612 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy
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Lee C, Caroselli E, Toffolo MM, Mancuso A, Marchini C, Meschini M, Goffredo S. Eight years of community structure monitoring through recreational citizen science at the "SS Thistlegorm" wreck (Red Sea). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282239. [PMID: 36920894 PMCID: PMC10016724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Large artificial coral reef communities, such as those thriving on sunken shipwrecks, tend to mirror those of nearby natural coral reefs and their long-term dynamics may help future reef resilience to environmental change. We examined the community structure of the world-renown "SS Thistlegorm" wreck in the northern Red Sea from 2007 through 2014, analyzing data collected during the recreational citizen science Red Sea monitoring project "Scuba Tourism for the Environment". Volunteer divers collected data on 6 different diving parameters which included the date of the dive, maximum depth, average depth, temperature, dive time, hour of dive, and gave an abundance estimation of sighted taxa from a list of 72 target taxa. Although yearly variations in community structure were significant, there was no clear temporal trend, and 71 of all 72 target taxa were sighted throughout the 8 years. The 5 main taxa driving variations among year clusters in taxa presence/absence (Soft Tree Coral-Dendronephthya spp., Giant Moray-Gymnothorax javanicus, Squirrel Fish-Sargocentron spp., Humpback Batfish-Platax spp., and Caranxes-Carangidae) and taxa abundance (Soft Tree Coral, Giant Moray, Red Sea Clownfish-Amphiprion bicinctus, Napoleon Wrasse-Cheilinus undulatus, and Caranxes) data were determined. The "SS Thistlegorm" provides a compelling example of how artificial coral reefs can sustain a well-established community structure similar to those of their natural counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Lee
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Mariana Machado Toffolo
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancuso
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Chiara Marchini
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Marta Meschini
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Department of Biological, Marine Science Group, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
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Palladino G, Caroselli E, Tavella T, D'Amico F, Prada F, Mancuso A, Franzellitti S, Rampelli S, Candela M, Goffredo S, Biagi E. Correction to: Metagenomic shifts in mucus, tissue and skeleton of the coral Balanophyllia europaea living along a natural CO 2 gradient. ISME Commun 2022; 2:79. [PMID: 37938746 PMCID: PMC9723701 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancuso
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
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Palladino G, Caroselli E, Tavella T, D'Amico F, Prada F, Mancuso A, Franzellitti S, Rampelli S, Candela M, Goffredo S, Biagi E. Metagenomic shifts in mucus, tissue and skeleton of the coral Balanophyllia europaea living along a natural CO 2 gradient. ISME Commun 2022; 2:65. [PMID: 37938252 PMCID: PMC9723718 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-022-00152-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Using the Mediterranean coral Balanophyllia europaea naturally growing along a pH gradient close to Panarea island (Italy) as a model, we explored the role of host-associated microbiomes in coral acclimatization to ocean acidification (OA). Coral samples were collected at three sites along the gradient, mimicking seawater conditions projected for 2100 under different IPCC (The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) scenarios, and mucus, soft tissue and skeleton associated microbiomes were characterized by shotgun metagenomics. According to our findings, OA induced functional changes in the microbiomes genetic potential that could mitigate the sub-optimal environmental conditions at three levels: i. selection of bacteria genetically equipped with functions related to stress resistance; ii. shifts in microbial carbohydrate metabolism from energy production to maintenance of cell membranes and walls integrity; iii. gain of functions able to respond to variations in nitrogen needs at the holobiont level, such as genes devoted to organic nitrogen mobilization. We hence provided hypotheses about the functional role of the coral associated microbiome in favoring host acclimatation to OA, remarking on the importance of considering the crosstalk among all the components of the holobiont to unveil how and to what extent corals will maintain their functionality under forthcoming ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Palladino
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Teresa Tavella
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Mancuso
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Sant'Alberto 163, 48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Elena Biagi
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032, Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
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Marchini C, Gizzi F, Pondrelli T, Moreddu L, Marisaldi L, Montori F, Lazzari V, Airi V, Caroselli E, Prada F, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Decreasing pH impairs sexual reproduction in a Mediterranean coral transplanted at a CO 2 vent. Limnol Oceanogr 2021; 66:3990-4000. [PMID: 35873528 PMCID: PMC9293323 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification, due to the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere and its absorption by the oceans, affects many aspects of marine calcifying organisms' biology, including reproduction. Most of the available studies on low pH effects on coral reproduction have been conducted on tropical species under controlled conditions, while little information is reported for either tropical or temperate species in the field. This study describes the influence of decreasing pH on sexual reproduction of the temperate non-zooxanthellate colonial scleractinian Astroides calycularis, transplanted in four sites along a natural pH gradient at the underwater volcanic crater of Panarea Island (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The average pH values of each site (range: pHTS 8.07-7.40) match different scenarios of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the end of the century. After 3 months under experimental conditions, the reproductive parameters of both oocytes and spermaries (abundance, gonadal index, and diameters) seem to be unaffected by low pH. However, a delay in spermary development in the pre-fertilization period and a persistence of mature oocytes in the fertilization period were observed in the most acidic site. Furthermore, no embryos were found in colonies from the two most acidic sites, suggesting a delay or an interruption of the fertilization process due to acidified conditions. These findings suggest a negative effect of low pH on A. calycularis sexual reproduction. However, long-term experiments, including the synergistic impact of pH and temperature, are needed to predict if this species will be able to adapt to climate change over the next century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marchini
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Francesca Gizzi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- MARE ‐ Marine and Environmental Sciences CentreAgência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigação, Tecnologia e Inovação (ARDITI)FunchalMadeiraPortugal
| | - Thomas Pondrelli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Lisa Moreddu
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Luca Marisaldi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Francesco Montori
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Valentina Lazzari
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”University of BolognaBolognaItaly
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar‐Ilan UniversityRamat GanIsrael
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BolognaBolognaItaly
- Fano Marine CenterThe Inter‐Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and BiotechnologiesFanoItaly
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Meschini M, Machado Toffolo M, Marchini C, Caroselli E, Prada F, Mancuso A, Franzellitti S, Locci L, Davoli M, Trittoni M, Nanetti E, Tittarelli M, Bentivogli R, Branchini S, Neri P, Goffredo S. Reliability of Data Collected by Volunteers: A Nine-Year Citizen Science Study in the Red Sea. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.694258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of data collected by non-professional volunteers in citizen science programs is crucial to render them valid for implementing environmental resources management and protection plans. This study assessed the reliability of data collected by non-professional volunteers during the citizen science project Scuba Tourism for the Environment (STE), carried out in mass tourism facilities of the Red Sea between 2007 and 2015. STE involved 16,164 volunteer recreational divers in data collection on marine biodiversity using a recreational citizen science approach. Through a specifically designed questionnaire, volunteers indicated which of the seventy-two marine taxa surveyed were observed during their recreational dive, giving an estimate of their abundance. To evaluate the validity of the collected data, a reference researcher randomly dived with the volunteers and filled in the project questionnaire separately. Correlation analyses between the records collected by the reference researcher and those collected by volunteers were performed based on 513 validation trials, testing 3,138 volunteers. Data reliability was analyzed through 7 parameters. Consistency showed the lowest mean score (51.6%, 95% Confidence Interval CI 44.1–59.2%), indicating that volunteers could direct their attention to different taxa depending on personal interests; Percent Identified showed the highest mean score (66.7%, 95% CI 55.5–78.0), indicating that volunteers can correctly identify most surveyed taxa. Overall, results confirmed that the recreational citizen science approach can effectively support reliable data for biodiversity monitoring, when carefully tailored for the volunteer skills required by the specific project. The use of a recreational approach enhances massive volunteer participation in citizen science projects, thus increasing the amount of sufficiently reliable data collected in a reduced time.
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Teixidó N, Caroselli E, Alliouane S, Ceccarelli C, Comeau S, Gattuso JP, Fici P, Micheli F, Mirasole A, Monismith SG, Munari M, Palumbi SR, Sheets E, Urbini L, De Vittor C, Goffredo S, Gambi MC. Ocean acidification causes variable trait-shifts in a coral species. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:6813-6830. [PMID: 33002274 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High pCO2 habitats and their populations provide an unparalleled opportunity to assess how species may survive under future ocean acidification conditions, and help to reveal the traits that confer tolerance. Here we utilize a unique CO2 vent system to study the effects of exposure to elevated pCO2 on trait-shifts observed throughout natural populations of Astroides calycularis, an azooxanthellate scleractinian coral endemic to the Mediterranean. Unexpected shifts in skeletal and growth patterns were found. Colonies shifted to a skeletal phenotype characterized by encrusting morphology, smaller size, reduced coenosarc tissue, fewer polyps, and less porous and denser skeletons at low pH. Interestingly, while individual polyps calcified more and extended faster at low pH, whole colonies found at low pH site calcified and extended their skeleton at the same rate as did those at ambient pH sites. Transcriptomic data revealed strong genetic differentiation among local populations of this warm water species whose distribution range is currently expanding northward. We found excess differentiation in the CO2 vent population for genes central to calcification, including genes for calcium management (calmodulin, calcium-binding proteins), pH regulation (V-type proton ATPase), and inorganic carbon regulation (carbonic anhydrase). Combined, our results demonstrate how coral populations can persist in high pCO2 environments, making this system a powerful candidate for investigating acclimatization and local adaptation of organisms to global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Teixidó
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Samir Alliouane
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Chiara Ceccarelli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Steeve Comeau
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Gattuso
- Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Villefranche-sur-mer, France
- Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations, Paris, France
| | - Pietro Fici
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Alice Mirasole
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen G Monismith
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Munari
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
| | - Stephen R Palumbi
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sheets
- Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
| | - Lidia Urbini
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cinzia De Vittor
- National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics - OGS, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Fano, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Deptartment of Integrative Marine Ecology, Ischia Marine Centre, Naples, Italy
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9
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Caroselli E, Frapiccini E, Franzellitti S, Palazzo Q, Prada F, Betti M, Goffredo S, Marini M. Accumulation of PAHs in the tissues and algal symbionts of a common Mediterranean coral: Skeletal storage relates to population age structure. Sci Total Environ 2020; 743:140781. [PMID: 32673924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread and harmful environmental pollutants that threaten marine ecosystems. Assessing their level and source is crucial to estimate the potential risks for marine organisms, as PAHs represent an additional threat to organism resilience under ongoing climatic change. Here we applied the QuEChERS extraction method to quantify four PAHs (i.e. acenaphthene, fluorene, fluoranthene, and pyrene) in three biological compartments (i.e. skeleton, tissue, and zooxanthellae symbiotic algae) of adult and old specimens of a scleractinian coral species (Balanophyllia europaea) that is widespread throughout the Mediterranean Sea. A higher concentration of all four investigated PAHs was observed in the zooxanthellae, followed by the coral tissue, with lowest concentration in the skeleton, consistently with previous studies on tropical species. In all the three biological compartments, the concentration of low molecular weight PAHs was higher with respect to high-molecular weight PAHs, in agreement with their bioaccumulation capabilities. PAH concentration was unrelated to skeletal age. Observed PAHs were of petrogenic origin, reflecting the pollution sources of the sampling area. By coupling PAH data with population age structure data measured in the field, the amount of PAHs stored in the long term (i.e. up to 20 years) in coral skeletons was quantified and resulted in 53.6 ng m-2 of acenaphthene, 69.4 ng m-2 of fluorene, 2.7 ng m-2 of fluoranthene, and 11.7 ng m-2 of pyrene. This estimate provides the basis for further assessments of long-term sequestration of PAHs from the marine environment in the whole Mediterranean, given the widespread distribution of the investigated coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Frapiccini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, 48123 Ravenna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Quinzia Palazzo
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mattia Betti
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
| | - Mauro Marini
- Institute of Biological Resources and Marine Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Largo Fiera della Pesca 2, 60125 Ancona, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, Viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Italy.
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10
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Biagi E, Caroselli E, Barone M, Pezzimenti M, Teixido N, Soverini M, Rampelli S, Turroni S, Gambi MC, Brigidi P, Goffredo S, Candela M. Patterns in microbiome composition differ with ocean acidification in anatomic compartments of the Mediterranean coral Astroides calycularis living at CO 2 vents. Sci Total Environ 2020; 724:138048. [PMID: 32251879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coral microbiomes, the complex microbial communities associated with the different anatomic compartments of the coral, provide important functions for the host's survival, such as nutrient cycling at the host's surface, prevention of pathogens colonization, and promotion of nutrient uptake. Microbiomes are generally referred to as plastic entities, able to adapt their composition and functionality in response to environmental change, with a possible impact on coral acclimatization to phenomena related to climate change, such as ocean acidification. Ocean sites characterized by natural gradients of pCO2 provide models for investigating the ability of marine organisms to acclimatize to decreasing seawater pH. Here we compared the microbiome of the temperate, shallow water, non-symbiotic solitary coral Astroides calycularis that naturally lives at a volcanic CO2 vent in Ischia Island (Naples, Italy), with that of corals living in non-acidified sites at the same island. Bacterial DNA associated with the different anatomic compartments (mucus, tissue and skeleton) of A. calycularis was differentially extracted and a total of 68 samples were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In terms of phylogenetic composition, the microbiomes associated with the different coral anatomic compartments were different from each other and from the microbial communities of the surrounding seawater. Of all the anatomic compartments, the mucus-associated microbiome differed the most between the control and acidified sites. The differences detected in the microbial communities associated to the three anatomic compartments included a general increase in subdominant bacterial groups, some of which are known to be involved in different stages of the nitrogen cycle, such as potential nitrogen fixing bacteria and bacteria able to degrade organic nitrogen. Our data therefore suggests a potential increase of nitrogen fixation and recycling in A. calycularis living close to the CO2 vent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Biagi
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy
| | - Monica Barone
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Pezzimenti
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Nuria Teixido
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, 181 chemin du Lazaret, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France; Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80077 Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Matteo Soverini
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gambi
- Villa Dohrn-Benthic Ecology Center, Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80077 Ischia (Naples), Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Holobiont Microbiome and Microbiome Engineering (HolobioME), Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; Fano Marine Center, The Inter-Institute Center for Research on Marine Biodiversity, Resources and Biotechnologies, viale Adriatico 1/N, 61032 Fano, Pesaro Urbino, Italy.
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11
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Franzellitti S, Airi V, Calbucci D, Caroselli E, Prada F, Voolstra CR, Mass T, Falini G, Fabbri E, Goffredo S. Transcriptional response of the heat shock gene hsp70 aligns with differences in stress susceptibility of shallow-water corals from the Mediterranean Sea. Mar Environ Res 2018; 140:444-454. [PMID: 30055833 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shallow-water corals of the Mediterranean Sea are facing a dramatic increase in water temperature due to climate change, predicted to increase the frequency of bleaching and mass mortality events. However, supposedly not all corals are affected equally, as they show differences in stress susceptibility, as suggested by physiological outputs of corals along temperature gradients and under controlled conditions in terms of reproduction, demography, growth, calcification, and photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, gene expression and induction of a 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) was analyzed in five common shallow-water hard corals in the Mediterranean Sea, namely Astroides calycularis, Balanophyllia europaea, Caryophyllia inornata, Cladocora caespitosa, and Leptopsammia pruvoti. The main aim was to assess the contribution of this evolutionary conserved cytoprotective mechanism to the physiological plasticity of these species that possess different growth modes (solitary vs colonial) and trophic strategies (zooxanthellate vs azooxanthellate). Using quantitative real-time PCR, in situ hsp70 baseline levels and expression profiles after a heat-shock exposure were assessed. Levels of hsp70 and heat stress induction were higher in zooxanthellate than in azooxanthellate species, and different heat stress transcriptional profiles were observed between colonial and solitary zooxanthellate corals. On the whole, the hsp70 transcriptional response to heat stress aligns with stress susceptibility of the species and suggests a contribution of trophic strategy and morphology in shaping coral resilience to stress. Understanding these molecular processes may contribute to assess the potential effects and relative resilience of Mediterranean corals under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Franzellitti
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy.
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Calbucci
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian R Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tali Mass
- Department of Marine Biology, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Multi Purpose Boulevard, Mt. Carmel, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Fabbri
- Animal and Environmental Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via S. Alberto 163, I-48123, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
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12
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Musco L, Vega Fernández T, Caroselli E, Roberts JM, Badalamenti F. Protocooperation among small polyps allows the coral Astroides calycularis to prey on large jellyfish. Ecology 2018; 99:2400-2401. [PMID: 30059141 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Musco
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Tomás Vega Fernández
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Castellammare del Golfo, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - John Murray Roberts
- School of Geosciences, Grant Institute, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Badalamenti
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero, Castellammare del Golfo, Italy.,School of Geosciences, Grant Institute, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Gizzi F, de Mas L, Airi V, Caroselli E, Prada F, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Reproduction of an azooxanthellate coral is unaffected by ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13049. [PMID: 29026138 PMCID: PMC5638904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13393-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and consequent ocean acidification (OA) are projected to have extensive consequences on marine calcifying organisms, including corals. While the effects of OA on coral calcification are well documented, the response of reproduction is still poorly understood since no information are reported for temperate corals. Here we investigate for the first time the influence of OA on sexual reproduction of the temperate azooxanthellate solitary scleractinian Leptopsammia pruvoti transplanted along a natural pCO2 gradient at a Mediterranean CO2 vent. After 3 months, future projection of pH levels did not influence the germ cell production, gametogenesis and embryogenesis in this azooxanthellate coral. These findings suggest that reproductive potential may be quite tolerant to decreasing pH, with implications for ecosystem function and services in a changing ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gizzi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ludovica de Mas
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Airi
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna European Union, Via F. Selmi 3, I-40126, Bologna, Italy.
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14
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Samorì C, Caroselli E, Prada F, Reggi M, Fermani S, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S, Falini G. Ecological relevance of skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition in Mediterranean scleractinian corals. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1929. [PMID: 28512344 PMCID: PMC5434035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02034-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration and composition of four Mediterranean coral species, namely Cladocora caespitosa, Balanophyllia europaea, Astroides calycularis and Leptopsammia pruvoti, were examined in young and old individuals living in three different locations of the Mediterranean Sea. These species are characterized by diverse levels of organization (solitary or colonial) and trophic strategies (symbiotic or non-symbiotic). Fatty acids have manifold fundamental roles comprehensive of membrane structure fluidity, cell signaling and energy storage. For all species, except for B. europaea, the intra-skeletal fatty acid concentration was significantly higher in young individuals than in old ones. Moreover, fatty acid concentration was higher in colonial corals than in solitary ones and in the symbiotic corals compared to non-symbiotic ones. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that palmitic acid (16:0) was the most abundant fatty acid, followed by stearic (18:0) in order of concentration. Oleic acid (18:1) was detected as the third main component only in skeletons from symbiotic corals. These results suggest that, in the limits of the studied species, intra-skeletal fatty acid composition and concentration may be used for specific cases as a proxy of level of organization and trophic strategy, and eventually coral age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Samorì
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Reggi
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 5290002, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry 'Giacomo Ciamician', University of Bologna, via Selmi 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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15
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Maor-Landaw K, Waldman Ben-Asher H, Karako-Lampert S, Salmon-Divon M, Prada F, Caroselli E, Goffredo S, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Levy O. Mediterranean versus Red sea corals facing climate change, a transcriptome analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42405. [PMID: 28181588 PMCID: PMC5299404 DOI: 10.1038/srep42405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The anthropogenic increase in atmospheric CO2 that drives global warming and ocean acidification raises serious concerns regarding the future of corals, the main carbonate biomineralizers. Here we used transcriptome analysis to study the effect of long-term gradual temperature increase (annual rate), combined with lowered pH values, on a sub-tropical Red Sea coral, Stylophora pistillata, and on a temperate Mediterranean symbiotic coral Balanophyllia europaea. The gene expression profiles revealed a strong effect of both temperature increase and pH decrease implying for synergism response. The temperate coral, exposed to a twice as high range of seasonal temperature fluctuations than the Red Sea species, faced stress more effectively. The compensatory strategy for coping apparently involves deviating cellular resources into a massive up-regulation of genes in general, and specifically of genes involved in the generation of metabolic energy. Our results imply that sub-lethal, prolonged exposure to stress can stimulate evolutionary increase in stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Maor-Landaw
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hiba Waldman Ben-Asher
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sarit Karako-Lampert
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | | | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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16
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Prada F, Caroselli E, Mengoli S, Brizi L, Fantazzini P, Capaccioni B, Pasquini L, Fabricius KE, Dubinsky Z, Falini G, Goffredo S. Ocean warming and acidification synergistically increase coral mortality. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40842. [PMID: 28102293 PMCID: PMC5244398 DOI: 10.1038/srep40842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms that accumulate calcium carbonate structures are particularly vulnerable to ocean warming (OW) and ocean acidification (OA), potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits of ecosystems reliant on these taxa. Since rising atmospheric CO2 is responsible for global warming and increasing ocean acidity, to correctly predict how OW and OA will affect marine organisms, their possible interactive effects must be assessed. Here we investigate, in the field, the combined temperature (range: 16–26 °C) and acidification (range: pHTS 8.1–7.4) effects on mortality and growth of Mediterranean coral species transplanted, in different seasonal periods, along a natural pH gradient generated by a CO2 vent. We show a synergistic adverse effect on mortality rates (up to 60%), for solitary and colonial, symbiotic and asymbiotic corals, suggesting that high seawater temperatures may have increased
their metabolic rates which, in conjunction with decreasing pH, could have led to rapid deterioration of cellular processes and performance. The net calcification rate of the symbiotic species was not affected by decreasing pH, regardless of temperature, while in the two asymbiotic species it was negatively affected by increasing acidification and temperature, suggesting that symbiotic corals may be more tolerant to increasing warming and acidifying conditions compared to asymbiotic ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - E Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Mengoli
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, Via Capo di Lucca 34, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Brizi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,Museo Storico e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - P Fantazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy.,Museo Storico e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, I-00184 Roma, Italy
| | - B Capaccioni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, I-40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - K E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Z Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - G Falini
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - S Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
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Fantazzini P, Mengoli S, Pasquini L, Bortolotti V, Brizi L, Mariani M, Di Giosia M, Fermani S, Capaccioni B, Caroselli E, Prada F, Zaccanti F, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Kaandorp JA, Konglerd P, Hammel JU, Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Weaver JC, Fabricius KE, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Falini G, Goffredo S. Gains and losses of coral skeletal porosity changes with ocean acidification acclimation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7785. [PMID: 26183259 PMCID: PMC4518299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is predicted to impact ecosystems reliant on calcifying organisms, potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits these habitats provide. Here we investigate the acclimation potential of stony corals living along a pH gradient caused by a Mediterranean CO2 vent that serves as a natural long-term experimental setting. We show that in response to reduced skeletal mineralization at lower pH, corals increase their skeletal macroporosity (features >10 μm) in order to maintain constant linear extension rate, an important criterion for reproductive output. At the nanoscale, the coral skeleton's structural features are not altered. However, higher skeletal porosity, and reduced bulk density and stiffness may contribute to reduce population density and increase damage susceptibility under low pH conditions. Based on these observations, the almost universally employed measure of coral biomineralization, the rate of linear extension, might not be a reliable metric for assessing coral health and resilience in a warming and acidifying ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fantazzini
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mengoli
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, Via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Villiam Bortolotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brizi
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Mariani
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Capaccioni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Geology, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccanti
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Jaap A Kaandorp
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, room C3.147, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirom Konglerd
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, room C3.147, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Outstation at DESY, Building 25c Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- Micropaléontologie, UFR TEB Université P. &M. Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Cuif
- Micropaléontologie, UFR TEB Université P. &M. Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Katharina E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, 4810 Queensland, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Pasquini L, Molinari A, Fantazzini P, Dauphen Y, Cuif JP, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Caroselli E, Prada F, Goffredo S, Di Giosia M, Reggi M, Falini G. Isotropic microscale mechanical properties of coral skeletons. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12. [PMID: 25977958 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian corals are a major source of biogenic calcium carbonate, yet the relationship between their skeletal microstructure and mechanical properties has been scarcely studied. In this work, the skeletons of two coral species:solitary Balanophyllia europaea and colonial Stylophora pistillata, were investigated by nanoindentation. The hardness HIT and Young's modulus E(IT) were determined from the analysis of several load-depth data on two perpendicular sections of the skeletons: longitudinal (parallel to the main growth axis) and transverse. Within the experimental and statistical uncertainty,the average values of the mechanical parameters are independent on the section's orientation. The hydration state of the skeletons did not affect the mechanical properties. The measured values, EIT in the 76-77 GPa range, and H(IT) in the 4.9–5.1 GPa range, are close to the ones expected for polycrystalline pure aragonite. Notably, a small difference in H(IT) is observed between the species. Different from corals, single-crystal aragonite and the nacreous layer of the seashell Atrina rigida exhibit clearly orientation-dependent mechanical properties. The homogeneous and isotropic mechanical behaviour of the coral skeletons at the microscale is correlated with the microstructure,observed by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, and with the X-ray diffraction patterns of the longitudinal and transverse sections.
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Goffredo S, Prada F, Caroselli E, Capaccioni B, Zaccanti F, Pasquini L, Fantazzini P, Fermani S, Reggi M, Levy O, Fabricius KE, Dubinsky Z, Falini G. Biomineralization control related to population density under ocean acidification. Nat Clim Chang 2014; 4:593-597. [PMID: 25071869 PMCID: PMC4110709 DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic CO2 is a major driver of current environmental change in most ecosystems1, and the related ocean acidification (OA) is threatening marine biota2. With increasing pCO2, calcification rates of several species decrease3, although cases of up-regulation are observed4. Here, we show that biological control over mineralization relates to species abundance along a natural pH gradient. As pCO2 increased, the mineralogy of a scleractinian coral (Balanophyllia europaea) and a mollusc (Vermetus triqueter) did not change. In contrast, two calcifying algae (Padina pavonica and Acetabularia acetabulum) reduced and changed mineralization with increasing pCO2, from aragonite to the less soluble calcium sulphates and whewellite, respectively. As pCO2 increased, the coral and mollusc abundance was severely reduced, with both species disappearing at pH < 7.8. Conversely, the two calcifying and a non-calcifying algae (Lobophora variegata) showed less severe or no reductions with increasing pCO2, and were all found at the lowest pH site. The mineralization response to decreasing pH suggests a link with the degree of control over the biomineralization process by the organism, as only species with lower control managed to thrive in the lowest pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Corresponding authors: Stefano Goffredo – , Tel. +39 051 2094244, Fax +39 051 2094286.; Giuseppe Falini – , Tel. +39 051 2099484
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Capaccioni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Geology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccanti
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Paola Fantazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
- Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Reggi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 52900 Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Corresponding authors: Stefano Goffredo – , Tel. +39 051 2094244, Fax +39 051 2094286.; Giuseppe Falini – , Tel. +39 051 2099484
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Fantazzini P, Mengoli S, Evangelisti S, Pasquini L, Mariani M, Brizi L, Goffredo S, Caroselli E, Prada F, Falini G, Levy O, Dubinsky Z. A time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance study of Mediterranean scleractinian corals reveals skeletal-porosity sensitivity to environmental changes. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:12679-12686. [PMID: 24144399 DOI: 10.1021/es402521b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean corals are a natural model for studying global warming, as the Mediterranean basin is expected to be one of the most affected regions and the increase in temperature is one of the greatest threats for coral survival. We have analyzed for the first time with time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) the porosity and pore-space structure, important aspects of coral skeletons, of two scleractinian corals, Balanophyllia europaea (zooxanthellate) and Leptopsammia pruvoti (nonzooxanthellate), taken from three different sites on the western Italian coast along a temperature gradient. Comparisons have been made with mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy images. TD-NMR parameters are sensitive to changes in the pore structure of the two coral species. A parameter, related to the porosity, is larger for L. pruvoti than for B. europaea, confirming previous non-NMR results. Another parameter representing the fraction of the pore volume with pore sizes of less than 10-20 μm is inversely related, with a high degree of statistical significance, to the mass of the specimen and, for B. europaea, to the temperature of the growing site. This effect in the zooxanthellate species, which could reduce its resistance to mechanical stresses, may depend on an inhibition of the photosynthetic process at elevated temperatures and could have particular consequences in determining the effects of global warming on these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fantazzini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna , Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
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Caroselli E, Mattioli G, Levy O, Falini G, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Inferred calcification rate of a Mediterranean azooxanthellate coral is uncoupled with sea surface temperature along an 8° latitudinal gradient. Front Zool 2012; 9:32. [PMID: 23163981 PMCID: PMC3519640 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-9-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED INTRODUCTION Correlations between sea surface temperature (SST) and growth parameters of the solitary azooxanthellate Dendrophylliid Leptopsammia pruvoti were assessed along an 8° latitudinal gradient on western Italian coasts (Mediterranean Sea), to check for possible negative effects of increasing temperature as the ones reported for a closely related, sympatric but zooxanthellate species. RESULTS Calcification rate was correlated with skeletal density but not with linear extension rate, indicating that calcium carbonate deposition was preferentially allocated to keep a constant skeletal density. Unlike most studies on both temperate and tropical zooxanthellate corals, where calcification rate is strongly related to environmental parameters such as SST, in the present study calcification rate was not correlated with SST. CONCLUSIONS The lower sensitivity of L. pruvoti to SST with respect to other sympatric zooxanthellate corals, such as Balanophyllia europaea, may rely on the absence of a temperature induced inhibition of photosynthesis, and thus the absence of an inhibition of the calcification process. This study is the first field investigation of the relationship between SST and the three growth parameters of an azooxanthellate coral. Increasing research effort on determining the effects of temperature on biological traits of the poorly studied azooxanthellate scleractinians may help to predict the possible species assemblage shifts that are likely to occur in the immediate future as a consequence of global climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna, EU, 40126, Italy
| | - Guido Mattioli
- Operative Unit of Radiology and Diagnostics by Images, Hospital of Porretta Terme, Local Health Enterprise of Bologna, Via Roma 16 Porretta Terme, Bologna, EU, 40046, Italy
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, Bologna, EU, 40126, Italy
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, Bologna, EU, 40126, Italy
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Goffredo S, Marchini C, Rocchi M, Airi V, Caroselli E, Falini G, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Zaccanti F. Unusual pattern of embryogenesis of Caryophyllia inornata (scleractinia, caryophylliidae) in the mediterranean sea: Maybe agamic reproduction? J Morphol 2012; 273:943-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Caroselli E, Zaccanti F, Mattioli G, Falini G, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Growth and demography of the solitary scleractinian coral Leptopsammia pruvoti along a sea surface temperature gradient in the Mediterranean Sea. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37848. [PMID: 22675495 PMCID: PMC3365902 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographic traits of the solitary azooxanthellate scleractinian Leptopsammia pruvoti were determined in six populations on a sea surface temperature (SST) gradient along the western Italian coasts. This is the first investigation of the growth and demography characteristics of an azooxanthellate scleractinian along a natural SST gradient. Growth rate was homogeneous across all populations, which spanned 7 degrees of latitude. Population age structures differed between populations, but none of the considered demographic parameters correlated with SST, indicating possible effects of local environmental conditions. Compared to another Mediterranean solitary scleractinian, Balanophyllia europaea, zooxanthellate and whose growth, demography and calcification have been studied in the same sites, L. pruvoti seems more tolerant to temperature increase. The higher tolerance of L. pruvoti, relative to B. europaea, may rely on the absence of symbionts, and thus the lack of an inhibition of host physiological processes by the heat-stressed zooxanthellae. However, the comparison between the two species must be taken cautiously, due to the likely temperature differences between the two sampling depths. Increasing research effort on determining the effects of temperature on the poorly studied azooxanthellate scleractinians may shed light on the possible species assemblage shifts that are likely to occur during the current century as a consequence of global climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Evolutionary and Experimental Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, European Union
| | - Francesco Zaccanti
- Marine Science Group, Department of Evolutionary and Experimental Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, European Union
| | - Guido Mattioli
- Operative Unit of Radiology and Diagnostics by Images, Hospital of Porretta Terme, Local Health Enterprise of Bologna, Porretta Terme, Italy, European Union
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, European Union
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Evolutionary and Experimental Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, European Union
- * E-mail:
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Caroselli E, Prada F, Pasquini L, Marzano FN, Zaccanti F, Falini G, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Goffredo S. Environmental implications of skeletal micro-density and porosity variation in two scleractinian corals. ZOOLOGY 2011; 114:255-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Falini G, Goffredo S, Vergni P, Reggi M, Caroselli E, Sparla F, Levy O, Dubinsky Z. Biological and environmental influence on Mediterranean corals calcium carbonate precipitation. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311098916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Goffredo S, Vergni P, Reggi M, Caroselli E, Sparla F, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Falini G. The skeletal organic matrix from Mediterranean coral Balanophyllia europaea influences calcium carbonate precipitation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22338. [PMID: 21799830 PMCID: PMC3142144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleractinian coral skeletons are made mainly of calcium carbonate in the form of aragonite. The mineral deposition occurs in a biological confined environment, but it is still a theme of discussion to what extent the calcification occurs under biological or environmental control. Hence, the shape, size and organization of skeletal crystals from the cellular level through the colony architecture, were attributed to factors as diverse as mineral supersaturation levels and organic mediation of crystal growth. The skeleton contains an intra-skeletal organic matrix (OM) of which only the water soluble component was chemically and physically characterized. In this work that OM from the skeleton of the Balanophyllia europaea, a solitary scleractinian coral endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, is studied in vitro with the aim of understanding its role in the mineralization of calcium carbonate. Mineralization of calcium carbonate was conducted by overgrowth experiments on coral skeleton and in calcium chloride solutions containing different ratios of water soluble and/or insoluble OM and of magnesium ions. The precipitates were characterized by diffractometric, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The results showed that both soluble and insoluble OM components influence calcium carbonate precipitation and that the effect is enhanced by their co-presence. The role of magnesium ions is also affected by the presence of the OM components. Thus, in vitro, OM influences calcium carbonate crystal morphology, aggregation and polymorphism as a function of its composition and of the content of magnesium ions in the precipitation media. This research, although does not resolve the controversy between environmental or biological control on the deposition of calcium carbonate in corals, sheds a light on the role of OM, which appears mediated by the presence of magnesium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vergni
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Reggi
- Marine Science Group, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Sparla
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica ‘G. Ciamician’, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
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