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Amini S, Zhu T, Biswas A, Charsooghi MA, Kim K, Reber S, Dauphin Y, Fratzl P. Calcitic Prisms of The Giant Seashell Pinna Nobilis Form Light Guide Arrays. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2304166. [PMID: 37450944 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The shells of the Pinnidae family are based on a double layer of single-crystal-like calcitic prisms and inner aragonitic nacre, a structure known for its outstanding mechanical performance. However, on the posterior side, shells are missing the nacreous layer, which raises the question of whether there can be any functional role in giving up this mechanical performance. Here, it is demonstrated that the prismatic part of the Pinna nobilis shell exhibits unusual optical properties, whereby each prism acts as an individual optical fiber guiding the ambient light to the inner shell cavity by total internal reflection. This pixelated light channeling enhances both spatial resolution and contrast while reducing angular blurring, an apt combination for acute tracking of a moving object. These findings offer insights into the evolutionary aspects of light-sensing and imaging and demonstrate how an architectured optical system for efficient light-tracking can be based on birefringent ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrouz Amini
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Abin Biswas
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Kyoohyun Kim
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Reber
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 7205 ISYEB, Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, CNRS UPMC EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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2
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Cuif JP, Medjoubi K, Somogyi A, Dauphin Y, Bazin D. From visible light to X-ray microscopy: major steps in the evolution of developmental models for calcification of invertebrate skeletons. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals. Although the term is recent (∼1970), the study of internal and external skeleton mineralization is older. This article describes the history of biomineralization studies. This story is strongly dependent on, but not only on, the history of analytical technique development. Events are chronologically described to easily track progress and connections between people. The background of the people who contributed to the progress is also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Université, EPHE, 75005 Paris, France
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4
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Dauphin Y, Werner D, Corado R, Perez-Huerta A. Structure and Composition of the Eggshell of a Passerine Bird, Setophaga ruticilla (Linnaeus, 1758). Microsc Microanal 2021; 27:1-10. [PMID: 33875041 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The mineral composition of eggshells is assumed to be a conserved phylogenetic feature. Avian eggshells are composed of calcite, whereas those of taxa within Chelonia are aragonitic. Yet, the eggshells of a passerine bird were reported to be made of aragonite. Here, we report a new study of the same bird eggshells using a combination of in situ microscopy and chemical techniques. A microstructural analysis finds a similar arrangement to other avian eggshells, despite their very thin and fragile nature. Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results also confirm that the eggshells are entirely composed of calcite. Our findings demonstrate that passerine eggshells are not an exception and similar to other birds and reinforce the phylogenetic placement of this bird species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne-Université, EPHE, 75005Paris, France
| | - Daniel Werner
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam14424, Germany
| | - René Corado
- Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology, 439 Calle San Pablo, Camarillo, CA93012, USA
| | - Alberto Perez-Huerta
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL35487, USA
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5
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Cuif JP, Belhadj O, Borensztajn S, Gèze M, Trigos-Santos S, Prado P, Dauphin Y. Prism substructures in the shell of Pinna nobilis (Linnaeus, 1758), Mollusca - Evidence for a three-dimensional pulsed-growth model. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04513. [PMID: 32715146 PMCID: PMC7378700 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the shells of the Pelecypods belonging to the Pinnidae family, the calcareous prismatic units of the outer layer are long-standing references for biomineralization studies. To elucidate how the mechanism of prism formation enables both shell elongation and thickness increase, a top-down structural analysis of these classical "simple prisms" has been carried out, taking advantage of shell sampling on actively mineralizing animals. Particular attention was paid to the morphological and structural patterns of the calcareous units sequentially produced at the margins of the growth lamellae. This pre-prismatic part of the shell allows for studying the mineralizing stages not taken into account in prism reconstructions based on samples taken from older areas of the shell. Examination of the microstructural sequence shows that within the actively mineralizing area of the shell, a step-by-step structuring process is continuously running, providing a renewed view of prism formation as it makes obvious the progressive occurrence of their specific patterns. Given the critically endangered status of the species, a better knowledge of the mineralization process associated to shell growth may become handy for future studies aimed at understanding the health status of individuals based on their shell records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Cuif
- UMR 7207 CR2P, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 8 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oulfa Belhadj
- CRC Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle USR 3224, Sorbonne Université, CNRS CP21, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Borensztajn
- UMR 7154 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc Gèze
- CeMIM, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 43 Rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sergio Trigos-Santos
- Institut océanographique Paul Ricard, Ile des Embiez, 83140, Six-Fours les Plages, France
| | | | - Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 7205 ISYEB, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France
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6
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Abstract
Avian eggshells are composed of several layers made of organic compounds and a mineral phase (calcite), and the general structure is basically the same in all species. A comparison of the structure, crystallography, and chemical composition shows that despite an overall similarity, each species has its own structure, crystallinity, and composition. Eggshells are a perfect example of the crystallographic versus biological concept of the formation and growth mechanisms of calcareous biominerals: the spherulitic-columnar structure is described as "a typical case of competitive crystal growth", but it is also said that the eggshell matrix components regulate eggshell mineralization. Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses show that the crystallinity differs between different species. Nevertheless, the three layers are composed of rounded granules, and neither facets nor angles are visible. In-situ analyses show the heterogeneous distribution of chemical elements throughout the thickness of single eggshell. The presence of organic matrices other than the outer and inner membranes in eggshells is confirmed by thermograms and infrared spectrometry, and the differences in quality and quantity depend on the species. Thus, as in other biocrystals, crystal growth competition is not enough to explain these differences, and there is a strong biological control of the eggshell secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- a ISYEB: Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Paris , France
| | - Gilles Luquet
- b BOREA: Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques, UMR 7208 CNRS MNHN UPMC UA UCN IRD 207, Sorbonne Universités, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle , Paris , France
| | - Alberto Perez-Huerta
- c Department of Geological Sciences , The University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa , AL , USA
| | - Murielle Salomé
- d ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility , Grenoble cedex 9 , France
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Luquet G, Dauphin Y, Percot A, Salomé M, Ziegler A, Fernández MS, Arias JL. Calcium Deposits in the Crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus: Microstructure Versus Elemental Distribution. Microsc Microanal 2016; 22:22-38. [PMID: 26818557 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615015767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus stores calcium ions, easily mobilizable after molting, for calcifying parts of the new exoskeleton. They are chiefly stored as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) during each premolt in a pair of gastroliths synthesized in the stomach wall. How calcium carbonate is stabilized in the amorphous state in such a biocomposite remains speculative. The knowledge of the microstructure at the nanometer level obtained by field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy combined with scanning electron microscopy energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy gave relevant information on the elaboration of such an ACC-stabilized biomineral. We observed nanogranules distributed along chitin-protein fibers and the aggregation of granules in thin layers. AFM confirmed the nanolevel structure, showing granules probably surrounded by an organic layer and also revealing a second level of aggregation as described for other crystalline biominerals. Raman analyses showed the presence of ACC, amorphous calcium phosphate, and calcite. Elemental analyses confirmed the presence of elements like Fe, Na, Mg, P, and S. P and S are heterogeneously distributed. P is present in both the mineral and organic phases of gastroliths. S seems present as sulfate (probably as sulfated sugars), sulfonate, sulfite, and sulfoxide groups and, in a lesser extent, as sulfur-containing amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Luquet
- 1Sorbonne Universités,Biologie des Organismes et des Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA),UMR MNHN/CNRS-7208/UPMC/UCN/UA/IRD-207,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle,75005 Paris,France
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- 2Sorbonne Universités,Département Systèmatique et Evolution,Mammifères et Oiseaux,Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle,75005 Paris,France
| | - Aline Percot
- 3Sorbonne Universités,MONARIS, UMR 8233 CNRS/UPMC,Université Paris 06,75005 Paris,France
| | - Murielle Salomé
- 4ID21, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility,38000 Grenoble,France
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- 5Central Facility for Electron Microscopy,University of Ulm,89069 Ulm,Germany
| | - Maria S Fernández
- 6Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,University of Chile,Santiago de Chile,Chile
| | - José L Arias
- 6Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences,University of Chile,Santiago de Chile,Chile
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8
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Pérez-Huerta A, Dauphin Y. Comparison of the structure, crystallography and composition of eggshells of the guinea fowl and graylag goose. ZOOLOGY 2015; 119:52-63. [PMID: 26711013 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structure and composition of the eggshells of two commercial species (guinea fowl and greylag goose) have been studied. Thin sections and scanning electron microcopy show the similarity of the overall structure, but the relative thickness of the layers differs in these two taxa. Atomic force microscopy shows that the different layers are composed of rounded, heterogeneous granules, the diameter of which is between 50 and 100 nm, with a thin cortex. Infrared data and thermogravimetric analyses show that both eggshells are made of calcite, but differing on the quality and quantity when the organic component is considered. Chemical maps show that chemical element distribution is not uniform within a sample, and differs between the species, but with low magnesium content. Electron back scattered diffraction confirms the eggshells are calcite, but the microtexture strongly differs between the two species. Based on the chemical-structural differences, a species-specific biological control on the biomineralization is found, despite the rapid formation of an eggshell. Overall results indicate that to estimate the quality of eggshells, such as resistance to breakage, is not a straightforward process because of the high complexity of avian eggshell biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pérez-Huerta
- Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- UFR TEB, Université P. & M. Curie, case 104, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
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9
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Werner P, Blumtritt H, Zlotnikov I, Graff A, Dauphin Y, Fratzl P. Electron microscope analyses of the bio-silica basal spicule from the Monorhaphis chuni sponge. J Struct Biol 2015; 191:165-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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10
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Fantazzini P, Mengoli S, Pasquini L, Bortolotti V, Brizi L, Mariani M, Di Giosia M, Fermani S, Capaccioni B, Caroselli E, Prada F, Zaccanti F, Levy O, Dubinsky Z, Kaandorp JA, Konglerd P, Hammel JU, Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Weaver JC, Fabricius KE, Wagermaier W, Fratzl P, Falini G, Goffredo S. Gains and losses of coral skeletal porosity changes with ocean acidification acclimation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7785. [PMID: 26183259 PMCID: PMC4518299 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is predicted to impact ecosystems reliant on calcifying organisms, potentially reducing the socioeconomic benefits these habitats provide. Here we investigate the acclimation potential of stony corals living along a pH gradient caused by a Mediterranean CO2 vent that serves as a natural long-term experimental setting. We show that in response to reduced skeletal mineralization at lower pH, corals increase their skeletal macroporosity (features >10 μm) in order to maintain constant linear extension rate, an important criterion for reproductive output. At the nanoscale, the coral skeleton's structural features are not altered. However, higher skeletal porosity, and reduced bulk density and stiffness may contribute to reduce population density and increase damage susceptibility under low pH conditions. Based on these observations, the almost universally employed measure of coral biomineralization, the rate of linear extension, might not be a reliable metric for assessing coral health and resilience in a warming and acidifying ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fantazzini
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mengoli
- Department of Management, University of Bologna, Via Capo di Lucca 34, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Villiam Bortolotti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering, University of Bologna, Via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leonardo Brizi
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Mariani
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy [2] Centro Enrico Fermi, Piazza del Viminale 1, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Di Giosia
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Fermani
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Capaccioni
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Geology, University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta S. Donato 1, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erik Caroselli
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Prada
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccanti
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Oren Levy
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Jaap A Kaandorp
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, room C3.147, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pirom Konglerd
- Section Computational Science, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, room C3.147, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg U Hammel
- Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Outstation at DESY, Building 25c Notkestr. 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- Micropaléontologie, UFR TEB Université P. &M. Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Cuif
- Micropaléontologie, UFR TEB Université P. &M. Curie, 75252 Paris, France
| | - James C Weaver
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, 60 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Katharina E Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, 4810 Queensland, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Falini
- Department of Chemistry 'G. Ciamician', University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Goffredo
- Marine Science Group, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Section of Biology, University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Dauphin Y, Castillo-Michel H, Farre B, Mataame A, Rbii K, Rihane A, Stoetzel E, Denys C. Identifying predation on rodent teeth through structure and composition: A case from Morocco. Micron 2015; 75:34-44. [PMID: 26025490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Predation by nocturnal birds of prey is one of the most frequent modes leading to the concentration of rodents in fossil assemblages. This mode of accumulation leaves characteristic surface alterations on bones and teeth. In order to evaluate and characterize the effects of these pre-diagenesis alterations on rodent fossil samples, we have carried out microstructural and chemical analyses on incisors collected from present day Moroccan wild animals and owl pellets. The microstructure of both dentine and enamel was well preserved, but chemical changes were evident in pellet samples and depended on the particular tissue and the nature of the predator. The comparison of compositional data obtained from electron microprobe chemical analyses and infrared spectrometry has allowed us to assign a possible predator to an incisor extracted from a pellet of an unknown origin. This method has further implications for the understanding of taphonomy and palaeoecology of archaeological and fossil sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- GDR 3591 TAPHENA, UFR TEB, Université P.& M. Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | | | - B Farre
- GDR 3591 TAPHENA, UFR TEB, Université P.& M. Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France; UMR ISTO 7327, 1A rue de la Férolerie, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France
| | - A Mataame
- Institut Scientifique, Avenue Ibn Battota, B.P. 703, Agdal 10106 Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Rbii
- Fondis Electronic, 4 rue Galilée, Quartier de l'Europe, 78285 Guyancourt, France
| | - A Rihane
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Centre Régional des Métiers de l'Education et la Formation (CERMEF), Casablanca, Morocco
| | - E Stoetzel
- GDR 3591 TAPHENA,UMR ISYEB 7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, 55 rue Buffon, CP51, 75005 Paris, France
| | - C Denys
- GDR 3591 TAPHENA,UMR ISYEB 7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, 55 rue Buffon, CP51, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Bayerlein B, Zaslansky P, Dauphin Y, Rack A, Fratzl P, Zlotnikov I. Self-similar mesostructure evolution of the growing mollusc shell reminiscent of thermodynamically driven grain growth. Nat Mater 2014; 13:1102-7. [PMID: 25326825 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in understanding the interaction between mineral precursors and organic components leading to material formation and structuring in biomineralizing systems. The mesostructure of biological materials, such as the outer calcitic shell of molluscs, is characterized by many parameters and the question arises as to what extent they all are, or need to be, controlled biologically. Here, we analyse the three-dimensional structure of the calcite-based prismatic layer of Pinna nobilis, the giant Mediterranean fan mussel, using high-resolution synchrotron-based microtomography. We show that the evolution of the layer is statistically self-similar and, remarkably, its morphology and mesostructure can be fully predicted using classical materials science theories for normal grain growth. These findings are a fundamental step in understanding the constraints that dictate the shape of these biogenic minerals and shed light on how biological organisms make use of thermodynamics to generate complex morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Bayerlein
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paul Zaslansky
- Charité Universitätsmedizin BSRT and Julius-Wolff-Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannicke Dauphin
- Micropaléontologie, UFR TEB, Université P. &M. Curie, Paris 91405, France
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble 38043, France
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Igor Zlotnikov
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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13
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Zlotnikov I, Werner P, Blumtritt H, Graff A, Dauphin Y, Zolotoyabko E, Fratzl P. A perfectly periodic three-dimensional protein/silica mesoporous structure produced by an organism. Adv Mater 2014; 26:1682-1687. [PMID: 24338871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of perfectly ordered 3D mesoporous protein/silica structure in the axial filament of the marine sponge Monorhaphis chuni is reported. The structure belongs to body-centered tetragonal symmetry system (a=9.88 nm, c=10.83 nm) and comprises interconnecting lattices of protein and silica, templated by the self-assembled, enzymatically active protein-silicatein, whose primary function is the precipitation of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Zlotnikov
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
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14
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Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Castillo-Michel H, Chevallard C, Farre B, Meibom A. Unusual micrometric calcite-aragonite interface in the abalone shell Haliotis (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Microsc Microanal 2014; 20:276-284. [PMID: 24188740 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927613013718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Species of Haliotis (abalone) show high variety in structure and mineralogy of the shell. One of the European species (Haliotis tuberculata) in particular has an unusual shell structure in which calcite and aragonite coexist at a microscale with small patches of aragonite embedded in larger calcitic zones. A detailed examination of the boundary between calcite and aragonite using analytical microscopies shows that the organic contents of calcite and aragonite differ. Moreover, changes in the chemical composition of the two minerals seem to be gradual and define a micrometric zone of transition between the two main layers. A similar transition zone has been observed between the layers in more classical and regularly structured mollusk shells. The imbrication of microscopic patches of aragonite within a calcitic zone suggests the occurrence of very fast physiological changes in these taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 8148 IDES, bât. 504, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Cuif
- UMR 8148 IDES, bât. 504, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | | | | | - Bastien Farre
- UMR 8148 IDES, bât. 504, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Anders Meibom
- Laboratory for Biological Geochemistry, School of Architecture, ENAC, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cuif JP, Bendounan A, Dauphin Y, Nouet J, Sirotti F. Synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy provides evidence for a molecular bond between calcium and mineralizing organic phases in invertebrate calcareous skeletons. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:8739-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Falini G, Reggi M, Fermani S, Sparla F, Goffredo S, Dubinsky Z, Levi O, Dauphin Y, Cuif JP. Control of aragonite deposition in colonial corals by intra-skeletal macromolecules. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:226-38. [PMID: 23669627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Scleractinian coral skeletons are composed mainly of aragonite in which a small percentage of organic matrix (OM) molecules is entrapped. It is well known that in corals the mineral deposition occurs in a biological confined nucleation site, but it is still unclear to what extent the calcification is controlled by OM molecules. Hence, the shape, size and organization of skeletal crystals from the fiber level through the colony architecture, were also attributed to factors as diverse as nucleation site mineral supersaturation and environmental factors in the habitat. In this work the OMs were extracted from the skeleton of three colonial corals, Acropora digitifera, Lophelia pertusa and Montipora caliculata. A. digitifera has a higher calcification rate than the other two species. OM molecules were characterized and their CaCO3 mineralization activity was evaluated by experiments of overgrowth on coral skeletons and of precipitation from solutions containing OM soluble and insoluble fractions and magnesium ions. The precipitates were characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The results showed that the OM molecules of the three coral share similar features, but differ from those associated with mollusk shells. However, A. digitifera OM shows peculiarities from those from L. pertusa and M. caliculata. The CaCO3 overgrowth and precipitation experiments confirm the singularity of A. digitifera OM molecules as mineralizers. Moreover, their comparison indicates that only specific molecules are involved in the polymorphism control and suggests that when the whole extracted materials are used the OM's main effect is on the control of particles' shape and morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Falini
- Dipartimento di Chimica 'G. Ciamician', via Selmi 2, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università di Bologna, 340126 Bologna, Italy.
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Zlotnikov I, Shilo D, Dauphin Y, Blumtritt H, Werner P, Zolotoyabko E, Fratzl P. In situ elastic modulus measurements of ultrathin protein-rich organic layers in biosilica: towards deeper understanding of superior resistance to fracture of biocomposites. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40574e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Pérez-Huerta A, Dauphin Y, Cusack M. Biogenic calcite granules—Are brachiopods different? Micron 2013; 44:395-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Chalar C, Salomé M, Señorale-Pose M, Marín M, Williams CT, Dauphin Y. A high resolution analysis of the structure and chemical composition of the calcareous corpuscles from Mesocestoides corti. Micron 2013; 44:185-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dauphin Y, Ball AD, Castillo-Michel H, Chevallard C, Cuif JP, Farre B, Pouvreau S, Salomé M. In situ distribution and characterization of the organic content of the oyster shell Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Micron 2013; 44:373-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zlotnikov I, Drezner H, Shilo D, Aichmayer B, Dauphin Y, Zolotoyabko E, Fratzl P. Mapping Nanomechanical Properties near Internal Interfaces in Biological Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/opl.2011.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTModulus mapping using nanoDMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) is a recently developed technique based on a nanoindentation instrument equipped with an AFM-like piezoscanner and dynamic force modulation system. The surface properties, storage and loss moduli are quantified based on the Hertz model for the contact mechanics of the sample-tip configuration. In this approach, the applied load, topography features, and their size may have a pronounced effect on the obtained results. In order to demonstrate that, internal interfaces of deep sea sponge (Monorhaphis chuni), which comprises alternating layers of relatively thick (4 μm in average) biosilica and thin (60 nm) organic material, were characterized using the nanoDMA modulus mapping technique. Experimental data were analyzed in tight interrelation with finite element simulations. This combination allowed us to evaluate elastic modulus of a 60 nm wide organic layers in M. chuni.
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Pérez-Huerta A, Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Cusack M. High resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data from calcite biominerals in recent gastropod shells. Micron 2011; 42:246-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Dauphin Y, Brunelle A, Cotte M, Cuif JP, Farre B, Laprévote O, Meibom A, Salomé M, Williams CT. A layered structure in the organic envelopes of the prismatic layer of the shell of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusca, Bivalvia). Microsc Microanal 2010; 16:91-98. [PMID: 20030908 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927609991115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The organic interprismatic layers of the mollusc Pinctada margaritifera are studied using a variety of highly spatially-resolved techniques to establish their composition and structure. Our results show that both the interlamellar sheets of the nacre and interprismatic envelopes form layered structures. Additionally, these organic layers are neither homogeneous in composition, nor continuous in their structure. Both structures play a major role in the biomineralization process and act as a boundary between mineral units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR IDES 8148, Bat. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Farre B, Dauphin Y. Lipids from the nacreous and prismatic layers of two Pteriomorpha mollusc shells. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2008; 152:103-9. [PMID: 18955152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 10/04/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mollusc shells are acellular biominerals, in which macromolecular structures are intimately associated with mineral phases. Most studies are devoted to proteins, despite sugars have been described. Lipids were extracted from the calcite prismatic and aragonite nacreous layer of two mollusc shells. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry shows that lipids are present in both samples, but they are not similar. Thin layer chromatography confirms that lipids are different in the two studied layers, so that it may be suggested they are species-dependant. Although not yet deciphered, their role in biomineralization and fossilisation processes is probably important.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Farre
- UMR 8148 Interactions et Dynamique des Environnements de Surface, Université Paris XI-Orsay, Orsay Cedex, France.
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Cusack M, Dauphin Y, Chung P, Pérez-Huerta A, Cuif JP. Multiscale structure of calcite fibres of the shell of the brachiopod Terebratulina retusa. J Struct Biol 2008; 164:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2008.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2008] [Revised: 06/15/2008] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cuif JP, Ball AD, Dauphin Y, Farre B, Nouet J, Perez-Huerta A, Salomé M, Williams CT. Structural, mineralogical, and biochemical diversity in the lower part of the pearl layer of cultivated seawater pearls from Polynesia. Microsc Microanal 2008; 14:405-417. [PMID: 18793485 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927608080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of Polynesian pearls has been investigated with particular attention to the structural and compositional patterns of the early developmental stages of the pearl layer. These initial steps in pearl formation bear witness of the metabolic changes that have occurred during the pearl-sac formation. The resulting structurally and biochemically complex structures have been investigated using a variety of techniques that provide us with information concerning both mineral phases and the organic components. Results are discussed with respect to our understanding of the biomineralization mechanisms, as well as for the grafting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Cuif
- University Paris-Sud, Faculty of Sciences, UMR 8148 IDES, Bat 504 Geology, 91405 Orsay, France.
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Guzman N, Ball AD, Cuif JP, Dauphin Y, Denis A, Ortlieb L. Subdaily growth patterns and organo-mineral nanostructure of the growth layers in the calcitic prisms of the shell of Concholepas concholepas Bruguière, 1789 (Gastropoda, Muricidae). Microsc Microanal 2007; 13:397-403. [PMID: 17900392 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927607070705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorochrome marking of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas has shown that the prismatic units of the shell are built by superimposition of isochronic growth layers of about 2 mum. Fluorescent growth marks make it possible to establish the high periodicity of the cyclic biomineralization process at a standard growth rhythm of about 45 layers a day. Sulphated polysaccharides have been identified within the growth layers by using synchrotron radiation, whereas high resolution mapping enables the banding pattern of the mineral phase to be correlated with the layered distribution of polysaccharides. Atomic force microscopy has shown that the layers are made of nanograins densely packed in an organic component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nury Guzman
- UR055 PALEOTROPIQUE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, 32 rue Henri Varagnat, F-93143 Bondy, France
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Señorale-Pose M, Chalar C, Dauphin Y, Massard P, Pradel P, Marín M. Monohydrocalcite in calcareous corpuscles of Mesocestoides corti. Exp Parasitol 2007; 118:54-8. [PMID: 17761166 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2007] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mesocestoides corti (syn. vogae), as many other cestode platyhelminthes, contains abundant mineralized structures called calcareous corpuscles. These concretions may constitute as much as 40% of the dry weight of the organisms, but their function remains poorly understood. In this work, we reviewed the mineral composition of the calcareous corpuscles of M. corti. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the major mineral component of the corpuscles is a hydrated form of calcium carbonate, monohydrocalcite, also confirmed by infrared spectrometry. The baseline shift of the X-ray diffraction spectra suggested the presence of amorphous calcium carbonate, accordingly to previous reports, and an organic matrix was confirmed by FTIR. Monohydrocalcite is a rare mineral unusually found in biominerals. Although the significance of monohydrocalcite in biominerals has not been determined, the knowledge of corpuscles composition is of relevance to establish their function and for the elucidation of the mechanisms involved in mineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Señorale-Pose
- Sección Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá 4225, CP 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Dauphin Y, Williams CT. The chemical compositions of dentine and enamel from recent reptile and mammal teeth—variability in the diagenetic changes of fossil teeth. CrystEngComm 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b708985f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Salomé M, Susini J, Williams CT. Microstructure and chemical composition of giant avian eggshells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:1761-71. [PMID: 17031626 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 08/12/2006] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and composition of the layers of two giant avian eggshells were investigated using a combination of scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyses, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The two species have some similarities and differences in their microstructure and composition; the composition is not homogeneous throughout the eggshell thickness. XANES studies show that sulfur is associated with amino acids in the inner organic membranes, whereas in the mineralised layers the sulfur is mainly associated with sulfated polysaccharides. These results are similar to those obtained on chicken eggshells, and confirm the active role of sulfated acidic polysaccharides in biomineralisation processes of carbonate skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR IDES 8148, Bât 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
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Dauphin Y. Mineralizing matrices in the skeletal axes of two Corallium species (Alcyonacea). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:54-64. [PMID: 16782376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2005] [Revised: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Soluble organic matrices extracted from the axial part of the skeletons of two Corallium species (Coralliidae, Alcyonacea) were analysed using FTIR spectrometry, HPLC, IEF, 2-D gel electrophoresis and XANES. All these methods show that the main characteristics of the two matrices are similar, but not identical. Both matrices are composed of proteins and sugars; they are acidic with poorly separated molecular masses. The sugar contents are low, and the matrices do not seem highly glycosylated. The differences and similarities of these matrices are also observed in the minor element contents and in the micro- and nanostructures of the samples. These results confirm the control of the morphology and the chemical composition of calcitic biocrystals. Biomineralisation processes in Coralliidae are taxonomically significant, and differ from those of Scleractinia skeletons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 8148 IDES, Bât. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-95405 Orsay cedex, France.
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Dauphin Y. Structure and composition of the septal nacreous layer of Nautilus macromphalus L. (Mollusca, Cephalopoda). ZOOLOGY 2006; 109:85-95. [PMID: 16384690 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 08/07/2005] [Accepted: 08/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The nacreous layer of Mollusca is the best-known aragonitic structure and is the usual model for biomineralization. However, data are based on less than 10 species. In situ observations of the septal nacreous layer of the cephalopod Nautilus shell has revealed that the tablets are composed of acicular laths. These laths are composed of round nanograins surrounded by an organic sheet. No hole has been observed in the decalcified interlamellar membranes. A set of combined analytical data shows that the organic matrices extracted from the nacreous layer are glycoproteins. In both soluble and insoluble matrices, S amino acids are rare and the soluble organic matrices have a higher sulfated sugar content than the insoluble matrices. It is possible that the observed differences in the structure and composition of the nacreous layers of the outer wall and septa of the Nautilus shell have a dual origin: evolution and functional adaptation. However, we have no appropriate data as yet to answer this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- UMR 8148 IDES, Bat. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Cuif JP, Dauphin Y. The two-step mode of growth in the scleractinian coral skeletons from the micrometre to the overall scale. J Struct Biol 2005; 150:319-31. [PMID: 15890280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2005.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
It has been known since the 19th century that coral skeletons are built of aragonite crystals with taxonomy-linked arrangements, but the way by which each coral species controls this crystallization process remains an unsolved question. The problem became still more intriguing when it was shown that isotopic compositions of coral aragonite were subject to taxonomy-linked influences (the "vital effect"). On the other hand, presence of an organic component in coral skeletons is also long known, but localization of these compounds is admittedly restricted to particular structures called "centres of calcifications." Fibres, the largely predominant part of the coral skeletons, are usually considered as purely mineral units. In this paper, it is shown that in both "centres of calcification" and fibres, organic compounds are associated with the mineral material at a deep structural level. A series of variously scaled observations and localized measurements allow recognition of the presence of an organic component at the nanometre scale. Far from being a freely operating process, crystallization of coral fibres is thus permanently controlled by the polyp basal ectoderm through a cyclic two-step process acting at the micrometre-scale. The biomineralization cycle begins by secretion of a proteoglycan matrix. As the composition of these sugars-proteins assemblages has been shown taxonomy dependent, the hypothesis can be made that multiple and long recognized specificities of coral skeletons are linked to this biochemically driven crystallization process. Additionally, this new concept of the biomineralization process in coral skeletons provides us with an access to the long term evolution of the Scleractinia. Remarkably, results of a skeleton-based approach using microstructural criteria (i.e., the spatial relationships of "centres of calcification" and the three-dimensional arrangements of fibres), are consistent with a molecular phylogenetic analysis carried out on the same species. Clearly, at the overall ontogenic level, the two-step growth mode of coral skeletons is also a valuable tool to reconstruct the evolutionary history of Scleractinia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Cuif
- UMR 8148 IDES, Geology, bat. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-91405 Orsay cedex, France.
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Dauphin Y, Cuif JP, Doucet J, Salomé M, Susini J, Willams CT. In situ chemical speciation of sulfur in calcitic biominerals and the simple prism concept. J Struct Biol 2003; 142:272-80. [PMID: 12713955 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-8477(03)00054-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The microstructure and composition of two mollusc shells were investigated using a combination of light microscopy, SEM, EPMA, and XANES. The shells of Pinna and Pinctada are composed of calcite prisms separated by organic walls. The prismatic units of Pinna are monocrystalline, and those of Pinctada are polycrystalline with internal organic radial membranes. High-spatial-resolution XANES maps for the different S species across adjacent prisms show that sulfate is the principal component in both the intraprismatic organic matrices and the outer membranes. Additionally, these maps confirm that the inner structures of the prismatic units are different for both genera. In many ways, the prisms of Pinna and Pinctada are different and invalidate the "simple prism" concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Université Paris XI-Orsay, FRE2566 du CNRS, Bât 504, F-91495 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Dauphin Y. Soluble organic matrices of the calcitic prismatic shell layers of two Pteriomorphid bivalves. Pinna nobilis and Pinctada margaritifera. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:15168-77. [PMID: 12576478 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204375200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcitic prisms of the shells of two bivalves, Pinna and Pinctada, are considered simple prisms according to some morphological and mineralogical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopic and atomic force microscopic studies show that the microstructures and nanostructures of these two shells are different. Pinna prisms are monocrystalline, whereas Pinctada prisms are not. Moreover, intraprismatic membranes are present only in the Pinctada prisms. The soluble organic matrices extracted from these prisms are acidic, but their bulk compositions differ. Ultraviolet and infrared spectrometries, fluorescence, high pressure liquid chromatography, and electrophoresis show that the sugar-protein ratios and the molecular weights are different. Sulfur is mainly associated with acidic sulfated sugars, not with amino acids, and the role of acidic sulfated sugars is still underestimated. Thus, the simple prism concept is not a relevant model for the biomineralization processes in the calcitic prismatic layer of mollusk shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannicke Dauphin
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, FRE 2566, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-91405 Orsay, France.
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Dauphin Y, Dufour E. Composition and properties of the soluble organic matrix of the otolith of a marine fish: Gadus morhua Linne, 1758 (Teleostei, Gadidae). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2003; 134:551-61. [PMID: 12600664 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The soluble matrix of the sagittal otolith of the cod Gadus morhua was analyzed using UV and IR spectroscopy, liquid chromatography and electrophoresis. This matrix is a complex mixture of proteins and glycoproteins, with a large range of molecular weights. High weights (>1000 kDa) are shown for the first time in water-soluble matrix of otolith. However, the 2D denaturing electrophoresis and large range of sorting used in high performance liquid chromatography columns do not separate the soluble matrix to well-defined molecular weights. The IR data indicate that several conformations are present and the main part of the sugars is not sulfated. Additionally, electrophoresis data show that the acidity of the sugar components is higher than that of the proteins. Despite the relative scarcity of literature data, our study of G. morhua suggests that the chemical composition of otolith soluble organic matrix may differ among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR 8616, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, bât. 504, Université Paris Sud, 91405 Cedex, Orsay, France.
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Dauphin Y. Comparison of the soluble matrices of the calcitic prismatic layer of Pinna nobilis (Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorpha). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 132:577-90. [PMID: 12044767 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(02)00099-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The calcitic prisms of the outer layer of the shell of Pinna nobilis, surrounded by thick organic walls, contain a soluble intracrystalline matrix. The structure and composition of the outer interprismatic walls are not well known. The current viewpoint is they are composed of an insoluble matrix. Another thick organic structure, the interlamellar sheet of the nacreous layer, is composed of insoluble and soluble matrices. The composition of two sets of soluble organic matrices from the calcitic layer of Pinna nobilis, extracted with and without the organic walls are compared. According to the various analyses (SEM and AFM, UV and FTIR spectrometry, HPLC, electrophoreses, XANES), the main characteristics of the two matrices are similar, but not identical. Thus, the organic walls contain soluble components. However, the three-layered structure of the interlamellar sheet of the nacreous layer has not been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR 8616, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, bât. 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Abstract
The soluble organic matrices extracted from aragonitic skeletons of five Scleractinia and two Molluscs were analyzed using FTIR spectrometry, HPLC and 2-D gel electrophoresis. All these methods show that scleractinian and molluscan matrices are different. Both matrices are acidic with poorly separated molecular weights. The scleractinian matrices are highly glycosylated, whereas the molluscan matrices are not as shown by stains in 2D-electrophoresis. These results were in accordance with earlier data: high S contents in Scleractinia skeletons and low S contents in Mollusca shells. These results confirm the control of the morphology and the chemical composition of aragonite biocrystals in various taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR 8616, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, båt 504, Université Paris XI-Orsay, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Dufour E, Cappetta H, Denis A, Dauphin Y, Mariotti A. La diagenese des otolithes par la comparaison des donnees microstructurales, mineralogiques et geochimiques; application aux fossiles du Pliocene du Sud-Est de la France. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.2113/171.5.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Microstructure, mineralogy and elemental and isotopic compositions of recent and fossil otoliths have been investigated. Fossil otoliths come from marine Pliocene localities of southeastern France. The study of the different parameters show that diagenetic changes are weak. Microstructural features specific to otoliths, such as needle-like crystals and growth increments, are usually well preserved. When present, the microstructural modifications remain limited inside each otolith. Except a few pyritic specimens, the only mineral found is aragonite like in recent specimens. The chemical compositions of fossil and recent otoliths are not significantly different, and any element is preferentially changed by diagenesis. The isotopic composition does not show strong alterations. However, the difference in 18 O content between recent fishes having different ecological habits is not found with the same magnitude in fossil specimens. Finally, when elemental and isotopic compositions are compared, the specimens are sorted according to taxonomy and not according to their geologic age. This suggests that biogenic signals have been preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Dufour
- Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Biogeochimie Isotopique, Paris, France
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Dauphin Y. Comparison of the soluble organic matrices of healthy and diseased shells of Pinctada margaritifera (L.) and Pecten maximus L. (Mollusca, Bivalvia). J Invertebr Pathol 2000; 76:49-55. [PMID: 10963403 DOI: 10.1006/jipa.2000.4938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pinctada margaritifera and Pecten maximus are among the mollusks of commercial value. Both are known to show abnormal calcification processes that strongly increase the mortality rate. Several parameters of the soluble organic matrices extracted from the shells of P. margaritifera and P. maximus are analyzed: bulk composition, molecular weights, and acidity. The composition of the matrices of healthy and diseased shells were compared, showing that the protein and the sugar contents are variously modified. Differences between healthy and diseased shells are dissimilar in the two species. This is in accordance with the previously described macroscopic and microscopic alterations (red color, numerous brown membranes). This study does not allow identification the origin of the disease, but provides new insights on the role of sugars in biomineralization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR 8616, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Université Paris, Orsay France
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Dauphin Y, Denis A. Structure and composition of the aragonitic crossed lamellar layers in six species of Bivalvia and Gastropoda. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000; 126:367-77. [PMID: 10964031 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The microstructures, the chemical composition and the soluble organic matrices of the aragonitic crossed lamellar layers of the shells of six species of molluscs have been studied. The microstructures and chemical contents are similar, whereas the quantities of organic matrices are variable. All the soluble matrices are glycoproteins, with low S contents. Their molecular weights, the protein-sugar ratios and acidities are variable. Neither a gastropod nor a bivalve pattern is recognized. The diversity of the organic matrices probably plays a main role in the fossilization processes of mollusc shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- UMR 8616, Laboratoire de Paléontologie, Université Paris XI, Bât. 504, Orsay F-91405, France.
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Dauphin Y. Evolution of Mg contents in the dentine in ever growing mammal teeth in various steps of the formation of fossil assemblages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1127/njgpm/1999/1999/101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
Detailed taxonomic and taphomonic studies of rodents and palaeoecological analysis have been undertaken to investigate faunal change in Olduvai Bed-I. The palaeoenvironments inferred from rodent faunas recorded in Olduvai Bed-I suggest a change between the middle (FLK + FLKNN) and the top of the series (FLKN). Changes have also been observed from taxonomic studies of large mammals and from palynological studies. These differences have been attributed in the past to climatic change, but taphonomic studies suggest a more complex scenario. The environment at Olduvai Bed-I is here interpreted through analysis of fossil faunas and fossilization processes. Identification of the causative agents that could have altered the faunal composition provides information on the environment and on the nature of the change observed between the middle and top of Bed-I. This information can then be used to test conflicting hypotheses about the origins and amount of faunal and pollen change. Results show evidence of predation in all units of Bed-I and can be attributed to different predators along the series. Different predator behaviours explain some of the variability observed by previous authors in the small mammal species composition between the middle and the top of Bed-I. After taking taphonomy into account, the remaining faunal differences point to environmental differences between middle and upper Bed-I and even greater within the upper Bed-I sequence. These differences go beyond the range that is present today in the tropical woodland-savanna biome. Our interpretation of the palaeoenvironments is that the middle Bed-I faunas indicate a very rich closed woodland environment, richer than any part of the present-day savanna biome in Africa, changing to less rich woodland in upper Bed-I with a trend towards more open and seasonal woodlands at the top of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fernández-Jalvo
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, URA-327 CNRS-Paléontologie, Université de Montpellier II, France
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Abstract
Soluble matrices of four Scleractinian skeletons (Madrepora, Favia, Leptastrea and Fungia), were extracted and studied by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The main part of the extracted matrices is acidic. IEF gels are poorly stained or unstained by Coomassie Blue and silver. The positive Alcian Blue staining is indicative of a sulfated and acidic nature of the glycoproteins. Chemical analysis shows high S contents in Scleractinian skeletons. These results are supported by the comparison with IEF and chemical contents of Molluscan shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dauphin
- Laboratoire de Paléontologie, URA 723 du CNRS, Université Paris XI-Orsay, Orsay, France.
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Cuif JP, Dauphin Y, Gautret P, Raguideau A. Interets d'une procedure d'extraction et de fractionnement chromatographique de la composante organique des tests carbonates actuels et fossiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.2113/gssgfbull.v.3.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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