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Wei L, Liu J, Hou X, Chen W, Feng Y, Kong W, Tang Y, Zhong C, Zhang S, Wang T, Zhao G, Jiao S, Jiang G. Rice Seedlings and Microorganisms Mediate Biotransformation of Se in CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots to Volatile Alkyl Selenides. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20261-20271. [PMID: 37992251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are widely applied and inevitably released into the environment. The biotransformation of Se in typical CdSe/ZnS QDs coated with glutathione (CdSe/ZnS-GSH) to volatile alkyl selenides and the fate of alkyl selenides in the hydroponically grown rice system were investigated herein. After a 10-day exposure to CdSe/ZnS-GSH (100 nmol L-1), seven alkyl selenides, dimethyl selenide (DMSe), dimethyl diselenide (DMDSe), methyl selenol (MSeH), ethylmethyl selenide (EMSe), ethylmethyl diselenide (EMDSe), dimethyl selenenyl sulfide (DMSeS), and ethylmethyl selenenyl sulfide (EMSeS), were detected in the exposure system using the suspect screening strategy. CdSe/ZnS-GSH was first biotransformed to DMSe and DMDSe by plant and microorganisms. The generated DMSe was volatilized to the gas phase, adsorbed and absorbed by leaves and stems, downward transported, and released into the hydroponic solution, whereas DMDSe tended to be adsorbed/absorbed by roots and upward transported to stems. The airborne DMSe and DMDSe also partitioned from the gas phase to the hydroponic solution. DMSe and DMDSe in the exposure system were further transformed to DMSeS, EMSeS, EMSe, EMDSe, and MSeH. This study gives a comprehensive understanding on the behaviors of Se in CdSe/ZnS-GSH in a rice plant system and provides new insights into the environmental fate of CdSe/ZnS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Xingwang Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Weifang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yue Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wenqian Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yinyin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanji Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ganghui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Suning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
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Liu Y, Schäffer A, Martinez M, Lenz M. Environmental selenium volatilization is possibly conferred by promiscuous reactions of the sulfur metabolism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140548. [PMID: 37890793 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Selenium deficiency affects many million people worldwide and volatilization of biogenically methylated selenium species to the atmosphere may limit Se entering the food chain. However, there is very little systematic data on volatilization at nanomolar concentrations prevalent in pristine natural environments. Pseudomonas tolaasii cultures efficiently methylated Se at these concentrations. Nearly perfect linear correlations between the spiked Se concentrations and Dimethylselenide, Dimethyldiselenide, Dimethylselenylsulfide and 2-hydroxy-3-(methylselanyl)propanoic acid were observed up to 80 nM. The efficiency of methylation increased linearly with increasing initial Se concentration, arguing that the enzymes involved are not constitutive, but methylation proceeds promiscuously via pathways of S methylation. From the ratio of all methylated Se and S species, one can conclude that between 0.30% and 3.48% of atoms were Se promiscuously methylated at such low concentrations. At concentrations higher than 640 nM (∼50 μg/L) a steep increase in methylation and volatilization was observed, which suggested the induction of specific enzymes. Promiscuous methylation at low environmental concentrations calls into question that view that methylated Se in the atmosphere is a result of a purposeful Se metabolism serving detoxification. Rather, the concentrations of methylated Se in the atmosphere may be "coincidental" i.e., determined by the activity of S cycling microorganisms. Further, a steep increase in methylation efficiency when surpassing a certain threshold concentration (here ∼50 μg/L) calls into question that natural methylation can be estimated from high Se spikes in laboratory systems, yet highlights the possibility of using bacterial methylation as an effective remediation strategy for media higher concentrated in Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Martinez
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Markus Lenz
- Institute for Ecopreneurship, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Hofackerstrasse 30, 4132, Muttenz, Switzerland; Wageningen University, Department of Environmental Technology, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Shehzad J, Khan I, Zaheer S, Farooq A, Chaudhari SK, Mustafa G. Insights into heavy metal tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species: physiological, biochemical, and molecular interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:108448-108476. [PMID: 37924172 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil due to anthropogenic activities has led to bioaccumulation and biomagnification, posing toxic effects on plants by interacting with vital cellular biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Brassica species have developed complex physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms for adaptability, tolerance, and survival under these conditions. This review summarizes the HM tolerance strategies of Brassica species, covering the role of root exudates, microorganisms, cell walls, cell membranes, and organelle-specific proteins. The first line of defence against HM stress in Brassica species is the avoidance strategy, which involves metal ion precipitation, root sorption, and metal exclusion. The use of plant growth-promoting microbes, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, and Rhizobium species effectively immobilizes HMs and reduces their uptake by Brassica roots. The roots of Brassica species efficiently detoxify metals, particularly by flavonoid glycoside exudation. The composition of the cell wall and callose deposition also plays a crucial role in enhancing HMs resistance in Brassica species. Furthermore, plasma membrane-associated transporters, BjCET, BjPCR, BjYSL, and BnMTP, reduce HM concentration by stimulating the efflux mechanism. Brassica species also respond to stress by up-regulating existing protein pools or synthesizing novel proteins associated with HM stress tolerance. This review provides new insights into the HM tolerance mechanisms of Brassica species, which are necessary for future development of HM-resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saira Zaheer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop growth and Development, Ministry of Agri-culture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhang L, Chu C. Selenium Uptake, Transport, Metabolism, Reutilization, and Biofortification in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 15:30. [PMID: 35701545 PMCID: PMC9198118 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-022-00572-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans and other animals. The human body mainly acquires Se from plant foods, especially cereal grains. Rice is the staple food for more than half of the world's population. Increasing the Se concentration of rice grains can increase the average human dietary Se intake. This review summarizes recent advances in the molecular mechanisms of Se uptake, transport, subcellular distribution, retranslocation, volatilization, and Se-containing protein degradation in plants, especially rice. The strategies for improving Se concentration in rice grains by increasing Se accumulation, reducing Se volatilization, and optimizing Se form were proposed, which provide new insight into Se biofortification in rice by improving the utilization efficiency of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhe Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Environmental Ecology, Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture and Technology, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Ouerdane L, Both EB, Xiang J, Yin H, Kang Y, Shao S, Kiszelák K, Jókai Z, Dernovics M. Water soluble selenometabolome of Cardamine violifolia. Metallomics 2020; 12:2032-2048. [PMID: 33165451 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00216j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight selenium containing metabolites in the leaves of the selenium hyperaccumulator Cardamine violifolia (261 mg total Se per kg d.w.) were targeted in this study. One dimensional cation exchange chromatography coupled to ICP-MS was used for purification and fractionation purposes prior to LC-Unispray-QTOF-MS analysis. The search for selenium species in full scan spectra was assisted with an automated mass defect based filtering approach. Besides selenocystathionine, selenohomocystine and its polyselenide derivative, a total number of 35 water soluble selenium metabolites other than selenolanthionine were encountered, including 30 previously unreported compounds. High occurrence of selenium containing hexoses was observed, together with the first assignment of N-glycoside derivatives of selenolanthionine. Quantification of the most abundant selenium species, selenolanthionine, was carried out with an ion pairing LC - post column isotope dilution ICP-MS setup, which revealed that this selenoamino acid accounted for 30% of the total selenium content of the leaf (78 mg (as Se) per kg d.w.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Ouerdane
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, e2s UPPA, CNRS, IPREM-UMR5254, Hélioparc, 2, Av. Pr. Angot, 64053 Pau, France
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Constantinescu-Aruxandei D, Frîncu RM, Capră L, Oancea F. Selenium Analysis and Speciation in Dietary Supplements Based on Next-Generation Selenium Ingredients. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1466. [PMID: 30304813 PMCID: PMC6213372 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is essential for humans and the deficit of Se requires supplementation. In addition to traditional forms such as Se salts, amino acids, or selenium-enriched yeast supplements, next-generation selenium supplements, with lower risk for excess supplementation, are emerging. These are based on selenium forms with lower toxicity, higher bioavailability, and controlled release, such as zerovalent selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and selenized polysaccharides (SPs). This article aims to focus on the existing analytical systems for the next-generation Se dietary supplement, providing, at the same time, an overview of the analytical methods available for the traditional forms. The next-generation dietary supplements are evaluated in comparison with the conventional/traditional ones, as well as the analysis and speciation methods that are suitable to reveal which Se forms and species are present in a dietary supplement. Knowledge gaps and further research potential in this field are highlighted. The review indicates that the methods of analysis of next-generation selenium supplements should include a step related to chemical species separation. Such a step would allow a proper characterization of the selenium forms/species, including molecular mass/dimension, and substantiates the marketing claims related to the main advantages of these new selenium ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Constantinescu-Aruxandei
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Rodica Mihaela Frîncu
- INCDCP-ICECHIM Calarasi Subsidiary, 7A Nicolae Titulescu St., 915300 Lehliu Gara, Romania.
| | - Luiza Capră
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Oancea
- National Research & Development Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Wiesner-Reinhold M, Schreiner M, Baldermann S, Schwarz D, Hanschen FS, Kipp AP, Rowan DD, Bentley-Hewitt KL, McKenzie MJ. Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1365. [PMID: 28824693 PMCID: PMC5540907 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
- Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of PotsdamNuthethal, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schwarz
- Functional Plant Biology, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental CropsGrossbeeren, Germany
| | - Anna P. Kipp
- Department of Molecular Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Daryl D. Rowan
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kerry L. Bentley-Hewitt
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Marian J. McKenzie
- Food Innovation, The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research LimitedPalmerston North, New Zealand
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Cakir O, Candar-Cakir B, Zhang B. Small RNA and degradome sequencing reveals important microRNA function in Astragalus chrysochlorus response to selenium stimuli. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2016; 14:543-56. [PMID: 25998129 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential element, plays important roles in human health as well as environmental sustainability. Se hyperaccumulating plants are thought as an alternative selenium resource, recently. Astragalus species are known as hyperaccumulator of Se by converting it to nonaminoacid compounds. However, Se-metabolism-related hyperaccumulation is not elucidated in plants yet. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key molecules in many biological and metabolic processes via targeting mRNAs, which may also play an important role in Se accumulation in plants. In this study, we identified 418 known miRNAs, belonging to 380 families, and 151 novel miRNAs induced by Se exposure in Astragalus chyrsochlorus callus. Among known miRNAs, the expression of 287 families was common in both libraries, besides 71 families were expressed only in Se-treated sample, whereas 60 conserved families were expressed in control tissue. miR1507a, miR1869 and miR2867-3p were mostly up-regulated, whereas miR1507-5p and miR8781b were significantly down-regulated by Se exposure. Computational analysis shows that the targets of miRNAs are involved in different types of biological mechanisms including 47 types of cellular component, 103 types of molecular function and 144 types of biological process. Degradome analysis shows that 1256 mRNAs were targeted by 499 miRNAs. We conclude that some known and novel miRNAs such as miR167a, miR319, miR1507a, miR4346, miR7767-3p, miR7800, miR9748 and miR-n93 target transcription factors, disease resistance proteins and some specific genes like cysteine synthase and might be related to plant hormone signal transduction, plant-pathogen interaction and sulphur metabolism pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgur Cakir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Bilgin Candar-Cakir
- Program of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Baohong Zhang
- Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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White PJ. Selenium accumulation by plants. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 117:217-35. [PMID: 26718221 PMCID: PMC4724052 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral element for animals and humans, which they acquire largely from plants. The Se concentration in edible plants is determined by the Se phytoavailability in soils. Selenium is not an essential element for plants, but excessive Se can be toxic. Thus, soil Se phytoavailability determines the ecology of plants. Most plants cannot grow on seleniferous soils. Most plants that grow on seleniferous soils accumulate <100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter and cannot tolerate greater tissue Se concentrations. However, some plant species have evolved tolerance to Se, and commonly accumulate tissue Se concentrations >100 mg Se kg(-1) dry matter. These plants are considered to be Se accumulators. Some species can even accumulate Se concentrations of 1000-15 000 mg Se kg(-1 )dry matter and are called Se hyperaccumulators. SCOPE This article provides an overview of Se uptake, translocation and metabolism in plants and highlights the possible genetic basis of differences in these between and within plant species. The review focuses initially on adaptations allowing plants to tolerate large Se concentrations in their tissues and the evolutionary origin of species that hyperaccumulate Se. It then describes the variation in tissue Se concentrations between and within angiosperm species and identifies genes encoding enzymes limiting the rates of incorporation of Se into organic compounds and chromosomal loci that might enable the development of crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible portions. Finally, it discusses transgenic approaches enabling plants to tolerate greater Se concentrations in the rhizosphere and in their tissues. CONCLUSIONS The trait of Se hyperaccumulation has evolved several times in separate angiosperm clades. The ability to tolerate large tissue Se concentrations is primarily related to the ability to divert Se away from the accumulation of selenocysteine and selenomethionine, which might be incorporated into non-functional proteins, through the synthesis of less toxic Se metabilites. There is potential to breed or select crops with greater Se concentrations in their edible tissues, which might be used to increase dietary Se intakes of animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J White
- Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK and Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Quantification of volatile-alkylated selenium and sulfur in complex aqueous media using solid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1407:11-20. [PMID: 26150251 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biologically produced volatile-alkylated Se and S compounds play an important role in the global biogeochemical Se and S cycles, are important constituents of odorous industrial emissions, and contribute to (off-)flavors in food and beverages. This study presents a fully automated direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (DI-SPME) method coupled with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the simultaneous quantification of 10 volatile-alkylated Se and S compounds in complex aqueous media. Instrumental parameters of the SPME procedure were optimized to yield extraction efficiencies of up to 96% from complex aqueous matrices. The effects of sample matrix composition and analyte transformation during sample storage were critically assessed. With the use of internal standards and procedural calibrations, the DI-SPME-GC/MS method allows for trace-level quantification of volatile Se and S compounds in the ng/L range (e.g. down to 30 ng/L dimethyl sulfide and 75 ng/L dimethyl selenide). The applicability and robustness of the presented method demonstrate that the method may be used to quantify volatile Se and S compounds in complex aqueous samples, such as industrial effluents or food and beverage samples.
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Winkel LHE, Vriens B, Jones GD, Schneider LS, Pilon-Smits E, Bañuelos GS. Selenium cycling across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces: a critical review. Nutrients 2015; 7:4199-239. [PMID: 26035246 PMCID: PMC4488781 DOI: 10.3390/nu7064199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential element for humans and animals, which occurs ubiquitously in the environment. It is present in trace amounts in both organic and inorganic forms in marine and freshwater systems, soils, biomass and in the atmosphere. Low Se levels in certain terrestrial environments have resulted in Se deficiency in humans, while elevated Se levels in waters and soils can be toxic and result in the death of aquatic wildlife and other animals. Human dietary Se intake is largely governed by Se concentrations in plants, which are controlled by root uptake of Se as a function of soil Se concentrations, speciation and bioavailability. In addition, plants and microorganisms can biomethylate Se, which can result in a loss of Se to the atmosphere. The mobilization of Se across soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces is thus of crucial importance for human Se status. This review gives an overview of current knowledge on Se cycling with a specific focus on soil-plant-atmosphere interfaces. Sources, speciation and mobility of Se in soils and plants will be discussed as well as Se hyperaccumulation by plants, biofortification and biomethylation. Future research on Se cycling in the environment is essential to minimize the adverse health effects associated with unsafe environmental Se levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny H E Winkel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Bas Vriens
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Gerrad D Jones
- Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Ueberlandstrasse 133, P.O. Box 611, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Leila S Schneider
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Gary S Bañuelos
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, USA.
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Hladun KR, Parker DR, Tran KD, Trumble JT. Effects of selenium accumulation on phytotoxicity, herbivory, and pollination ecology in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2013; 172:70-75. [PMID: 23000967 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) has contaminated areas in the western USA where pollination is critical to the functioning of both agricultural and natural ecosystems, yet we know little about how Se can impact pollinators. In a two-year semi-field study, the weedy plant Raphanus sativus (radish) was exposed to three selenate treatments and two pollination treatments to evaluate the effects on pollinator-plant interactions. Honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) pollinators were observed to readily forage on R. sativus for both pollen and nectar despite high floral Se concentrations. Se treatment increased both seed abortion (14%) and decreased plant biomass (8-9%). Herbivory by birds and aphids was reduced on Se-treated plants, indicating a potential reproductive advantage for the plant. Our study sheds light on how pollutants such as Se can impact the pollination ecology of a plant that accumulates even moderate amounts of Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Hladun
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
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15
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Németh A, García Reyes JF, Kosáry J, Dernovics M. The relationship of selenium tolerance and speciation in Lecythidaceae species. Metallomics 2013; 5:1663-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00140g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Ogra Y, Katayama A, Ogihara Y, Yawata A, Anan Y. Analysis of animal and plant selenometabolites in roots of a selenium accumulator, Brassica rapa var. peruviridis, by speciation. Metallomics 2013; 5:429-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20187a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Ghasemi E, Farahani H. Head space solid phase microextraction based on nano-structured lead dioxide: Application to the speciation of volatile organoselenium in environmental and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1258:16-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Matich AJ, McKenzie MJ, Lill RE, Brummell DA, McGhie TK, Chen RKY, Rowan DD. Selenoglucosinolates and their metabolites produced in Brassica spp. fertilised with sodium selenate. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 75:140-52. [PMID: 22197453 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing glycosides found in many Brassica spp. that are important because their aglycone hydrolysis products protect the plant from herbivores and exhibit anti-cancer properties in humans. Recently, synthetically produced selenium analogues have been shown to be more effective at suppressing cancers than their sulphur counterparts. Although selenium is incorporated into a number of Brassica amino acids and peptides, firm evidence has yet to be presented for the presence of selenium in the glucosinolates and their aglycones in planta. In this study broccoli and cauliflower florets, and roots of forage rape, all obtained from plants treated with sodium selenate, were analysed for the presence of organoselenides. GC-MS analysis of pentane/ether extracts identified six organoselenium compounds including selenium analogues of known myrosinase-derived Brassica volatiles: 4-(methylseleno)butanenitrile, 5-(methylseleno)pentanenitrile, 3-(methylseleno)propylisothiocyanate, 4-(methylseleno)butylisothiocyanate, and 5-(methylseleno)pentylisothiocyanate. LC-MS analysis of ethanolic extracts identified three selenoglucosinolates: 3-(methylseleno)propylglucosinolate (glucoselenoiberverin), 4-(methylseleno)butylglucosinolate (glucoselenoerucin), and 5-(methylseleno)pentylglucosinolate (glucoselenoberteroin). LC-MS/MS analysis was used to locate the position of the selenium atom in the selenoglucosinolate and indicates preferential incorporation of selenium via selenomethionine into the methylselenyl moiety rather than into the sulphate or β-thioglucose groups. In forage rape, selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly isothiocyanates), occurred at concentrations up to 10% and 70%, respectively, of their sulphur analogues. In broccoli, concentrations of the selenoglucosinolates and their aglycones (mainly nitriles) were up to 60% and 1300%, respectively of their sulphur analogues. These findings indicate the potential for the incorporation of high levels of selenium into Brassica glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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19
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Ghasemi E, Sillanpää M, Najafi NM. Headspace hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy for speciation and determination of volatile organic compounds of selenium in environmental and biological samples. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1218:380-6. [PMID: 21185031 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel speciation method for the determination of volatile organic compounds of selenium (dimethylselenide (DMSe) and dimethyldiselenide (DMDSe) has been developed using a headspace hollow fiber protected liquid-phase microextraction (HS-HF-LPME) combined with capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The organic solvent impregnated in the pores and filled inside the porous hollow fiber membrane was used as an extraction interface in the HS-HF-LPME of the compounds. The effect of different variables on the extraction efficiency was studied simultaneously using an experimental design. The variables of interest in the HS-HF-LPME were sample volume, extraction time, temperature of sample solution, ionic strength, stirring rate and dwelling time. A Plackett-Burman design was performed for screening in order to determine the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were optimized by a Box-Behnken design (BBD) and the response surface equations were derived. Under optimum conditions, preconcentration factors up to 1250 and 1170 were achieved for DMSe and DMDSe respectively. The detection limit and relative standard deviation (RSD) (n=5, c=50 μg L(-1)) for DMSe were 65 ng L(-1) and 4.8%, respectively. They were also obtained for DMDSe as 57 ng L(-1) and 3.9%, respectively. The developed technique was found to be applicable to spiked environmental and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ensieh Ghasemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Chan Q, Afton SE, Caruso JA. Selenium speciation profiles in selenite-enriched soybean (Glycine Max) by HPLC-ICPMS and ESI-ITMS. Metallomics 2010; 2:147-53. [PMID: 21069146 DOI: 10.1039/b916194e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine Max) plants were grown in soil supplemented with sodium selenite. A comprehensive selenium profile, including total selenium concentration, distribution of high molecular weight selenium and characterization of low molecular weight selenium compounds, is reported for each plant compartment: bean, pod, leaf and root of the Se-enriched soybean plants. Two chromatographic techniques, coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) for specific selenium detection, were employed in this work to analyze extract solutions from the plant compartments. Size-exclusion chromatography revealed that the bean compartment, well-known for its strong ability to make proteins, produced high amounts (82% of total Se) of high molecular weight selenospecies, which may offer additional nutritional value and suggest high potential for studying proteins containing selenium in plants. The pod, leaf and root compartments primarily accumulate low molecular weight selenium species. For each compartment, low molecular weight selenium species (lower than 5 kDa) were characterized by ion-pairing reversed phase HPLC-ICPMS and confirmed by electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-ITMS). Selenomethionine and selenocystine are the predominant low molecular weight selenium compounds found in the bean, while inorganic selenium was the major species detected in other plant compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Chan
- University of Cincinnati/Agilent Technologies Metallomics Center of the Americas, Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA
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21
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22
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Ogra Y, Okubo E, Takahira M. Distinct uptake of tellurate from selenate in a selenium accumulator, Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Metallomics 2010; 2:328-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c000088d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Burra R, Pradenas GA, Montes RA, Vásquez CC, Chasteen TG. Production of dimethyl triselenide and dimethyl diselenenyl sulfide in the headspace of metalloid-resistant Bacillus species grown in the presence of selenium oxyanions. Anal Biochem 2010; 396:217-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Zhu YG, Pilon-Smits EAH, Zhao FJ, Williams PN, Meharg AA. Selenium in higher plants: understanding mechanisms for biofortification and phytoremediation. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2009; 14:436-42. [PMID: 19665422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for many organisms, including plants, animals and humans. As plants are the main source of dietary Se, plant Se metabolism is therefore important for Se nutrition of humans and other animals. However, the concentration of Se in plant foods varies between areas, and too much Se can lead to toxicity. As we discuss here, plant Se uptake and metabolism can be exploited for the purposes of developing high-Se crop cultivars and for plant-mediated removal of excess Se from soil or water. Here, we review key developments in the current understanding of Se in higher plants. We also discuss recent advances in the genetic engineering of Se metabolism, particularly for biofortification and phytoremediation of Se-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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25
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Matich AJ, McKenzie MJ, Brummell DA, Rowan DD. Organoselenides from Nicotiana tabacum genetically modified to accumulate selenium. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1098-1106. [PMID: 19570557 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nicotiana tabacum L. (tobacco) plants were transformed to overexpress a selenocysteine methyltransferase gene from the selenium hyperaccumulator Astragalus bisulcatus (Hook.) A. Gray (two-grooved milkvetch), and an ATP-sulfurylase gene from Brassica oleracea L. var. italica (broccoli). Solvent extraction of leaves harvested from plants treated with selenate revealed five selenium-containing compounds, of which four were identified by chemical synthesis as 2-(methylseleno)acetaldehyde, 2,2-bis(methylseleno)acetaldehyde, 4-(methylseleno)-(2E)-nonenal, and 4-(methylseleno)-(2E,6Z)-nonadienal. These four compounds have not previously been reported in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Matich
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Marian J McKenzie
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - David A Brummell
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Daryl D Rowan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited (Plant and Food Research), Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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26
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McKenzie MJ, Hunter DA, Pathirana R, Watson LM, Joyce NI, Matich AJ, Rowan DD, Brummell DA. Accumulation of an organic anticancer selenium compound in a transgenic Solanaceous species shows wider applicability of the selenocysteine methyltransferase transgene from selenium hyperaccumulators. Transgenic Res 2009; 18:407-24. [PMID: 19051051 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-008-9233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance to high selenium (Se) soils in Se-hyperaccumulating plant species is correlated with the ability to biosynthesise methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys), due to the activity of selenocysteine methyltransferase (SMT). In mammals, inclusion of MeSeCys in the diet reduces the incidence of certain cancers, so increasing the range of crop plants that can produce this compound is an attractive biotechnology target. However, in the non-Se accumulator Arabidopsis, overexpression of SMT does not result in biosynthesis of MeSeCys from selenate because the rate at which selenate is reduced to selenite by ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) is low. This limitation is less problematic in other species of the Brassicaceae that can produce MeSeCys naturally. We investigated the potential for biosynthesis of MeSeCys in other plant families using Nicotiana tabacum L., a member of the Solanaceae. When plants were watered with 200 microM selenate, overexpression of a SMT transgene caused a 2- to 4-fold increase in Se accumulation (resulting in increased numbers of leaf lesions and areas of necrosis), production of MeSeCys (up to 20% of total Se) and generation of volatile dimethyl diselenide derived directly from MeSeCys. Despite the greatly increased accumulation of total Se, this did not result in increased Se toxicity effects on growth. Overexpression of ATPS did not increase Se accumulation from selenate. Accordingly, lines overexpressing both ATPS and SMT did not show a further increase in total Se accumulation or in leaf toxicity symptoms relative to overexpression of SMT alone, but directed a greater proportion of Se into MeSeCys. This work demonstrates that the production of the cancer-preventing compound MeSeCys in plants outside the Brassicaceae is possible. We conclude that while the SMT gene from Se hyperaccumulators can probably be utilised universally to increase the metabolism of Se into MeSeCys, the effects of enhancing ATPS activity will vary depending on the species involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian J McKenzie
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd., Food Industry Science Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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