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Qiu J, Craven CB, Wawryk NJP, Ouyang G, Li XF. Unique On-Site Spinning Sampling of Highly Water-Soluble Organics Using Functionalized Monolithic Sorbents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:8094-8102. [PMID: 35622959 PMCID: PMC9228052 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Water utilities encounter unpredictable odor issues that cannot be explained by routine water parameters during spring runoff, even in the summer and fall. Highly water-soluble organics (e.g., amino acids and saccharides) have been reported to form odorous disinfection byproducts during disinfection, but the lack of simple and practical on-site sampling techniques hampers their routine monitoring at trace levels in source water. Therefore, we have created two functionalized nested-in-sponge silica monoliths (NiS-SMs) using a one-pot synthesis method and demonstrated their application for extracting highly soluble organics in water. The NiS-SMs functionalized with the sulfonic group and phenylboronic moiety selectively extracted amino acids and monosaccharides, respectively. We further developed a spinning sampling technique using the composites and evaluated its robust performance under varying water conditions. The spinning sampling coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis provided limits of detection for amino acids at 0.038-0.092 ng L-1 and monosaccharides at 0.036-0.14 ng L-1. Using the pre-equilibrium sampling-rate calibration, we demonstrated the applicability of the spinning sampling technique for on-site sampling and monitoring of amino acids and monosaccharides in river water. The new composite materials and rapid on-site sampling technique are unique and efficient tools for monitoring highly soluble organics in water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlang Qiu
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Caley B. Craven
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. P. Wawryk
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Gangfeng Ouyang
- School
of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Division
of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory
Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G3, Canada
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2
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Odetayo AA, Reible DD, Acevedo-Mackey D, Price C, Thai L. Development of polyoxymethylene passive sampler for assessing air concentrations of PCBs at a confined disposal facility (CDF). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 265:114720. [PMID: 32473506 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 76 μm polyoxymethylene (POM) strips were evaluated as a passive air sampler (PAS) for monitoring the volatile emissions from dredged material placed in confined disposal facilities (CDF). Laboratory evaluations were used to assess the uptake kinetics, average equilibrium time, and estimate the POM-air partition coefficients (KPOM-A) of 16 PCB congeners. The uptake kinetics defined the effective averaging time for air sampling and ranged from about a week for dichlorobiphenyls to 2 weeks or more for tetra- and pentachlorobiphenyls at ∼20 °C under internal mass transfer resistance control which was applicable for Log KPOM-A < 8. The measured Log KPOM-A for PCBs ranged from 5.65 to 9.34 and exhibited an average deviation of 0.19 log unit from the theoretical value of KPOM-W/KAW. The PAS approach was then tested with a preliminary field application (n = 17) at a CDF allowing equilibration over 42 days. The field application focused on lower congener PCBs as a result of the estimated increase in KPOM-A and longer uptake times expected at the low ambient temperatures during the field study (average of 3.5 °C). Total PCB air concentrations around the CDF averaged 0.32 ng/m3 and varied according to proximity to placement of the dredged materials and predominant wind directions. Average PAS concentration of low congener number PCBs (15, 18, 20/28, 31) were compared to available high volume air sampler (HVAS) measurements. The PAS concentrations were within 20% of HVAS in the dominant north and south directions and showed similar trends as east and west HVAS samplers although PAS concentrations were as much as an order of magnitude below the west HVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adesewa A Odetayo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Danny D Reible
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering, Texas Tech University, 911 Boston Avenue, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Damarys Acevedo-Mackey
- U. S Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS. 39180, USA
| | - Cynthia Price
- U. S Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Rd., Vicksburg, MS. 39180, USA
| | - Le Thai
- U. S Army Corps of Engineers, Chicago District, USA
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3
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Xu X, Wei D, Li Y, Wei Q, Li Y, Jin M, Zhao B, Zhang S, Han J, Xie D. Determination of unmetabolized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in children urine by low temperature partitioning extraction and gas chromatography triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Taylor AC, Fones GR, Vrana B, Mills GA. Applications for Passive Sampling of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants in Water—A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 51:20-54. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1675043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam C. Taylor
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Gary R. Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Branislav Vrana
- Faculty of Science, Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Graham A. Mills
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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5
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Cai L, Dong J, Wang Y, Chen X. A review of developments and applications of thin-film microextraction coupled to surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Electrophoresis 2019; 40:2041-2049. [PMID: 31127635 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) greatly expands the applications of Raman spectroscopy and is a promising technique for food safety, environmental analysis, and public safety. Thin-film microextraction (TFME) provides an efficient sample preparation method for SERS to improve its selectivity and detection efficiency. This review comprehensively describes the development and applications of SERS and TFME, including the history, mechanisim, and active substrate of SERS and the theory, device, forms, and practical applications of TFME. The applications of TFME-SERS in food safety and environment monitoring are discussed, which could improve their advantages. TFME extracts and enriches the target analytes to eliminate the interfering substance, providing a facial way for SERS to analyze the target analytes in complex matrices. The development of TFME-SERS technology not only expands the application range of TFME, but greatly improves the anti-interference ability and detection sensitivity of SERS. Thus, the established methods are fast, convenient, and highly sensitive. This technology is potential to be applied in the on-site and real-time detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemei Cai
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Yiru Wang
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and the MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, P. R. China
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6
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Cao F, Wang L, Ren X, Wu F, Sun H, Lu S. The application of molecularly imprinted polymers in passive sampling for selective sampling perfluorooctanesulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in water environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33309-33321. [PMID: 30259320 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3302-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modeling and predicting of a novel polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) for sampling of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) using molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) as receiving phase are presented in this study. Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the uptake kinetics, effects of flow velocity, pH, and dissolved organic matter (DOM), and also the selectivity of the POCIS. In this study, uptake study of PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS, over 14 days, was investigated. Laboratory calibrations of MIP-POCIS yielded sampling rate (Rs) values for PFOA and PFOS were 0.387 and 0.229 L/d, higher than POCIS using commercial sorbent WAX as receiving phase (0.133 and 0.141 L/d for PFOA and PFOS, respectively) in quiescent condition. The Rs values for PFOA and PFOS sampling on MIP-POCIS were increased to 0.591 and 0.281 L/d in stirred condition (0.01 m/s), and no significant increase occurred when the flow velocity was further increased. The Rs values were kept relatively high in the solution of which the pH was lower than the isoelectric point (IEP) of MIP-sorbent and decreased when the solution pH was extend the IEP value. Under the experimental conditions, DOM seemed to slightly facilitate the Rs values of PFOA and PFOS in MIP-POCIS. The results showed that the interaction between the target compounds and the receiving phase was fully integrated by the imprinting effects and also the electrostatic interaction. Finally, comparing the sampling rate of WAX-POCIS and the MIP-POCIS, the MIP-POCIS offers promising perspectives for selective sampling ability for PFOA and PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengmei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
- , Tianjin, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Dayangfang Beiyuan Road, 8#, Chaoyang District, Bejing, 100012, China.
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Li Y, Yang C, Zha D, Wang L, Lu G, Sun Q, Wu D. In situ calibration of polar organic chemical integrative samplers to monitor organophosphate flame retardants in river water using polyethersulfone membranes with performance reference compounds. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 610-611:1356-1363. [PMID: 28851155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Passive sampler is an innovative way of monitoring chemicals in different environmental. A modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (m-POCIS) with a performance reference compound (PRC) was used to evaluate the concentrations of 8 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) under field conditions. The m-POCIS was deployed for 15days under laboratory conditions and 21days under in situ conditions to determine the concentrations of OPFRs. The analytes were trapped in the sorbent and the microporous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane of the m-POCIS. Sampling rates (Rs) were determined for the studied compounds and ranged from 0.02±0.0003L/d (triphenylphosphine oxide, TPPO) to 0.24±0.021L/d (tripropyl phosphate, TPrP) in the laboratory. The membranes accumulation increased with usage and was correlated to the logKow. Among the tested compounds, tripentylphosphate (TPeP) and triphenylphosphate (TPhP) had the highest logKow values and were mostly detected in the membranes. This behavior resulted in a lag-phase, which was measured by extrapolating the data from the last third of the uptake phase (quasilinear) to the x-axis using a linear regression, before the compounds transferred into the sorbent. TPhP was the only compound with a lag-phase of 3.9days during the 15days experiment. Deuteratedtributyl phosphate (TBP-d27) and desisopropyl atrazine-d5 (DIA-d5) were identified through specific experiments as potential PRC. The results from the PRC calibrations suggested that DIA-d5 (ke (in situ)=0.075±0.0048day-1) can be used as a PRC for the evaluation of OPFRs using m-POCISs. The time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations estimated by the m-POCIS with or without a PRC were significantly correlated with the corresponding values determined from the grab samples. After the PRC calibration, the TWA concentrations of the tested OPFRs in an aquatic environment were lower than those estimated using the laboratory sampling rates (Rs). The m-POCIS with a PRC correction was a suitable tool for estimating OPFRs TWA concentrations in the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.
| | - Cunman Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Daoping Zha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Li Wang
- Jiangsu Province Hydrology and Water Resources Investigation Bureau, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210029, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
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8
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Ahmadi F, Sparham C, Boyacı E, Pawliszyn J. Time Weighted Average Concentration Monitoring Based on Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:3929-3937. [PMID: 28251860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Time weighted average (TWA) passive sampling with thin film solid phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used for collection, identification, and quantification of benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, benzophenone-3, benzophenone-4, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid, octocrylene, octylmethoxycinnamate, butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, triclocarban and triclosan in the aquatic environment. Two types of TF-SPME passive samplers, including a retracted thin film device using a hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) coating, and an open bed configuration with an octadecyl silica-based (C18)coating, were evaluated in an aqueous standard generation system. Laboratory calibration results indicated that the thin film retracted device using HLB coating is suitable to determine TWA concentrations of polar analytes in water, with an uptake that was linear up to 70 days. In open bed form, a one-calibrant kinetic calibration technique was accomplished by loading benzophenone3-d5 as calibrant on the C18 coating to quantify all nonpolar compounds. The experimental results showed that the one-calibrant kinetic calibration technique can be used for determination of classes of compounds in cases where deuterated counterparts are either not available or expensive. The developed passive samplers were deployed in wastewater-dominated reaches of the Grand River (Kitchener, ON) to verify their feasibility for determination of TWA concentrations in on-site applications. Field trials results indicated that these devices are suitable for long-term and short-term monitoring of compounds varying in polarity, such as UV blockers and biocide compounds in water, and the data were in good agreement with literature data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chris Sparham
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Alam MN, Ricardez-Sandoval L, Pawliszyn J. Calibrant Free Sampling and Enrichment with Solid-Phase Microextraction: Computational Simulation and Experimental Verification. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Nazmul Alam
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Luis Ricardez-Sandoval
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department
of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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10
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Yang C, Li Y, Zha D, Lu G, Sun Q, Wu D. A passive sampling method for assessing the occurrence and risk of organophosphate flame retardants in aquatic environments. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:1-9. [PMID: 27705807 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A modified polar organic chemical integrative sampler (m-POCIS) was used to determine the occurrence of and risk posed by organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in the Yangtze River in Nanjing. Laboratory calibrations were performed to determine sampling rates (Rs) in different situations. Rs values increased with the flow rate, but the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on Rs was relatively small. The validation of Rs in the m-POCIS for 15 days at the Yangtze River in 2015 showed that the Rs values for most of the test compounds are considerably larger than those obtained in the laboratory. The aqueous concentrations of OPFRs were estimated by using Rs values obtained in the field. OPFRs were widely distributed in the Yangtze River, with total concentrations as determined by the m-POCIS ranging from 44.95 ng/L to 118.38 ng/L. These suggest their widespread use and persistence in the river. This study also provided a protocol for the assessment of risk posed by OPFRs. It showed that tripentyl phosphate (TPeP) could pose medium risk to daphnia in the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunman Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China.
| | - Daoping Zha
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Guanghua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210098, China
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11
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Piri-Moghadam H, Ahmadi F, Pawliszyn J. A critical review of solid phase microextraction for analysis of water samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2016.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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12
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Poole C, Mester Z, Miró M, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Pawliszyn J. Extraction for analytical scale sample preparation (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Approaches for sample preparation are developing rapidly as new strategies are implemented to improve sample throughput and to minimize material and solvent use in laboratory methods and to develop on-site capabilities. In majority of cases the key step in sample preparation is extraction, typically used to separate and enrich compounds of interests from the matrix in the extraction phase. In this contribution, the topic of analytical scale extraction is put in perspective emphasising the fundamental aspects of the underlying processes discussing the similarities and differences between different approaches. Classification of extraction techniques according to the mass transfer principles is provided.
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13
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Vrana B, Komancová L, Sobotka J. Calibration of a passive sampler based on stir bar sorptive extraction for the monitoring of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water. Talanta 2016; 152:90-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Boyacı E, Rodríguez-Lafuente Á, Gorynski K, Mirnaghi F, Souza-Silva ÉA, Hein D, Pawliszyn J. Sample preparation with solid phase microextraction and exhaustive extraction approaches: Comparison for challenging cases. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 873:14-30. [PMID: 25911426 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In chemical analysis, sample preparation is frequently considered the bottleneck of the entire analytical method. The success of the final method strongly depends on understanding the entire process of analysis of a particular type of analyte in a sample, namely: the physicochemical properties of the analytes (solubility, volatility, polarity etc.), the environmental conditions, and the matrix components of the sample. Various sample preparation strategies have been developed based on exhaustive or non-exhaustive extraction of analytes from matrices. Undoubtedly, amongst all sample preparation approaches, liquid extraction, including liquid-liquid (LLE) and solid phase extraction (SPE), are the most well-known, widely used, and commonly accepted methods by many international organizations and accredited laboratories. Both methods are well documented and there are many well defined procedures, which make them, at first sight, the methods of choice. However, many challenging tasks, such as complex matrix applications, on-site and in vivo applications, and determination of matrix-bound and free concentrations of analytes, are not easily attainable with these classical approaches for sample preparation. In the last two decades, the introduction of solid phase microextraction (SPME) has brought significant progress in the sample preparation area by facilitating on-site and in vivo applications, time weighted average (TWA) and instantaneous concentration determinations. Recently introduced matrix compatible coatings for SPME facilitate direct extraction from complex matrices and fill the gap in direct sampling from challenging matrices. Following introduction of SPME, numerous other microextraction approaches evolved to address limitations of the above mentioned techniques. There is not a single method that can be considered as a universal solution for sample preparation. This review aims to show the main advantages and limitations of the above mentioned sample preparation approaches and the applicability and capability of each technique for challenging cases such as complex matrices, on-site applications and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Ángel Rodríguez-Lafuente
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Krzysztof Gorynski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Fatemeh Mirnaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Emergency Science and Technology Section, Environment Canada, 335 River Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Érica A Souza-Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dietmar Hein
- Professional Analytical System (PAS) Technology, Magdala, Germany
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Kallenbach M, Oh Y, Eilers EJ, Veit D, Baldwin IT, Schuman MC. A robust, simple, high-throughput technique for time-resolved plant volatile analysis in field experiments. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:1060-72. [PMID: 24684685 PMCID: PMC4190661 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatiles (PVs) mediate interactions between plants and arthropods, microbes and other plants, and are involved in responses to abiotic stress. PV emissions are therefore influenced by many environmental factors, including herbivore damage, microbial invasion, and cues from neighboring plants, and also light regime, temperature, humidity and nutrient availability. Thus, an understanding of the physiological and ecological functions of PVs must be based on measurements reflecting PV emissions under natural conditions. However, PVs are usually sampled in the artificial environments of laboratories or climate chambers. Sampling of PVs in natural environments is difficult, being limited by the need to transport, maintain and provide power to instruments, or use expensive sorbent devices in replicate. Ideally, PVs should be measured in natural settings with high replication, spatio-temporal resolution and sensitivity, and modest costs. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), a sorbent commonly used for PV sampling, is available as silicone tubing for as little as 0.60 € m(-1) (versus 100-550 € each for standard PDMS sorbent devices). Small pieces of silicone tubing (STs) of various lengths from millimeters to centimeters may be added to any experimental setting and used for headspace sampling, with little manipulation of the organism or headspace. STs have sufficiently fast absorption kinetics and large capacity to sample plant headspaces over a timescale of minutes to hours, and thus can produce biologically meaningful 'snapshots' of PV blends. When combined with thermal desorption coupled to GC-MS (a 40-year-old widely available technology), use of STs yields reproducible, sensitive, spatio-temporally resolved quantitative data from headspace samples taken in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Kallenbach
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans Knöll Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
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16
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He XM, Zhu GT, Yin J, Zhao Q, Yuan BF, Feng YQ. Electrospun polystyrene/oxidized carbon nanotubes film as both sorbent for thin film microextraction and matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1351:29-36. [PMID: 24908155 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, polystyrene/oxidized carbon nanotubes (PS/OCNTs) film was prepared and applied as both an adsorbent of thin film microextraction (TFME) and matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for the first time. The uniform size of PS/OCNTs film with OCNTs evenly and firmly immobilized in PS was obtained by electrospinning. And a novel TFME device was developed using the prepared PS/OCNTs film to enrich benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) from water, and also BaP and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) from urine sample. Then the extracted analytes on the PS/OCNTs film were directly applied to MALDI-MS analysis with PS/OCNTs film as the MALDI matrix. Our results show that PS/OCNTs film is a good TFME adsorbent toward the analytes and an excellent matrix for the sensitive determination of BaP and 1-OHP using MALDI-TOF-MS. The employment of PS/OCNTs as the matrix for MALDI can effectively avoid the large variation of signal intensity normally resulting from heterogeneous distribution of the adsorbed analyte on matrix layer, which therefore significantly improve spot-to-spot reproducibility. The introduction of PS in the film can prevent OCNTs from flying out of MALDI plate to damage the equipment. In addition, PS/OCNTs film also largely extended the duration of ion signal of target analyte compared to OCNTs matrix. The developed method was further successfully used to quantitatively determine BaP in environmental water and 1-OHP in urine samples. The results show that BaP and 1-OHP could be easily detected at concentrations of 50pgmL(-1) and 500pgmL(-1), respectively, indicating the high detection sensitivity of this method. For BaP analysis, the linear range was 0.1-20ngmL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9970 and the recoveries were in the range of 81.3 to 123.4% with the RSD≤8.5% (n=3); for urinary 1-OHP analysis, the linear range was 0.5-20ngmL(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9937 and the recoveries were in the range of 79.2 to 103.4% with the RSD≤7.6% (n=3). Taken together, the developed method provides a simple, rapid, cost-effective and high-throughput approach for the analysis of BaP in environmental water and endogenous 1-OHP in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gang-Tian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bi-Feng Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yu-Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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17
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Jiang R, Pawliszyn J. Cooled membrane for high sensitivity gas sampling. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1338:17-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Liu HH, Bao LJ, Zeng EY. Recent advances in the field measurement of the diffusion flux of hydrophobic organic chemicals at the sediment-water interface. Trends Analyt Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Jiang R, Pawliszyn J. Preparation of a Particle-Loaded Membrane for Trace Gas Sampling. Anal Chem 2013; 86:403-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4035339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruifen Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L
3G1
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L
3G1
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20
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Bao LJ, Jia F, Crago J, Zeng EY, Schlenk D, Gan J. Assessing bioavailability of DDT and metabolites in marine sediments using solid-phase microextraction with performance reference compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2013; 32:1946-53. [PMID: 23661411 PMCID: PMC3899093 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has often been used to estimate the freely dissolved concentration (Cfree ) of organic contaminants in sediments. A significant limitation in the application of SPME for Cfree measurement is the requirement for attaining equilibrium partition, which is often difficult for strongly hydrophobic compounds such as DDT. A method was developed using SPME with stable isotope-labeled analogues as performance reference compounds (PRCs) to measure Cfree of DDT and metabolites (DDTs) in marine sediments. Six (13) C-labeled or deuterated PRCs were impregnated into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber before use. Desorption of PRCs from PDMS fibers and absorption of DDTs from sediment were isotropic in a range of sediments evaluated ex situ under well-mixed conditions. When applied to a historically contaminated marine sediment from a Superfund site, the PRC-SPME method yielded Cfree values identical to those found by using a conventional equilibrium SPME approach (Eq-SPME), whereas the time for mixing was reduced from 9 d to only 9 h. The PRC-SPME method was further evaluated against bioaccumulation of DDTs by Neanthes arenaceodentata in the contaminated sediment with or without amendment of activated carbon or sand. Strong correlations were consistently found between the derived equilibrium concentrations on the fiber and lipid-normalized tissue residues for DDTs in the worms. Results from the present study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of coupling PRCs with SPME sampling to greatly shorten sampling time, thus affording much improved flexibility in the use of SPME for bioavailability evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Jun Bao
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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21
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Xia X, Zhai Y, Dong J. Contribution ratio of freely to total dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in natural river waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 90:1785-1793. [PMID: 22963877 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The bioavailability and ecological risk of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aquatic environments largely depends on their freely dissolved concentrations. In this work, the freely dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including phenanthrene, pyrene, and chrysene were determined for the Yellow River, Haihe River and Yongding River of China using polyethylene devices (PEDs). The results indicated that the order of ratios of freely to total dissolved concentrations of the three PAHs was phenanthrene (66.8±20.1%)>pyrene (48.8±26.4%)>chrysene (5.5±3.3%) for the three rivers. The ratios were significantly negatively correlated with the logK(ow) values of the PAHs. In addition, the ratios were negatively correlated with the suspended sediment (SPS) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the river water, and the characteristics of the SPS and DOC were also important factors. Simulation experiments showed that the ratio of freely to total dissolved concentrations of pyrene in the aqueous phase decreased with increasing SPS concentration; when the sediment concentration increased from 2 g L(-1) to 10 g L(-1), the ratio decreased from 67.6% to 38.4% for Yellow River sediment and decreased from 50.4% to 33.6% for Haihe River sediment. This was because with increasing SPS concentration, more and more DOC, small particles and colloids (<0.45 μm) would enter the aqueous phase. Because high SPS and DOC concentrations exist in many rivers, their effect on the freely dissolved concentrations of HOCs should be considered when conducting an ecological risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghui Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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22
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Souza Silva EA, Risticevic S, Pawliszyn J. Recent trends in SPME concerning sorbent materials, configurations and in vivo applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Seethapathy S, Górecki T. Applications of polydimethylsiloxane in analytical chemistry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:48-62. [PMID: 23062428 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Seethapathy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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24
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Bojko B, Cudjoe E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Gorynski K, Jiang R, Reyes-Garcés N, Risticevic S, Silva ÉA, Togunde O, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. SPME – Quo vadis? Anal Chim Acta 2012; 750:132-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Jiang R, Pawliszyn J. Thin-film microextraction offers another geometry for solid-phase microextraction. Trends Analyt Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Sheehan EM, Limmer MA, Mayer P, Karlson UG, Burken JG. Time-weighted average SPME analysis for in planta determination of cVOCs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:3319-3325. [PMID: 22332592 DOI: 10.1021/es2041898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The potential of phytoscreening for plume delineation at contaminated sites has promoted interest in innovative, sensitive contaminant sampling techniques. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) methods have been developed, offering quick, undemanding, noninvasive sampling without the use of solvents. In this study, time-weighted average SPME (TWA-SPME) sampling was evaluated for in planta quantification of chlorinated solvents. TWA-SPME was found to have increased sensitivity over headspace and equilibrium SPME sampling. Using a variety of chlorinated solvents and a polydimethylsiloxane/carboxen (PDMS/CAR) SPME fiber, most compounds exhibited near linear or linear uptake over the sampling period. Smaller, less hydrophobic compounds exhibited more nonlinearity than larger, more hydrophobic molecules. Using a specifically designed in planta sampler, field sampling was conducted at a site contaminated with chlorinated solvents. Sampling with TWA-SPME produced instrument responses ranging from 5 to over 200 times higher than headspace tree core sampling. This work demonstrates that TWA-SPME can be used for in planta detection of a broad range of chlorinated solvents and methods can likely be applied to other volatile and semivolatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Sheehan
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri, United States
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27
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Kwon JH, Kim MJ, Kim SJ. Development of a new time-integrative sampler using in situ solvent extraction. CHEMOSPHERE 2012; 86:190-197. [PMID: 22075052 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the great success of time-weighted average passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants, such as PCBs and PAHs, the sampling of polar organic compounds still presents a challenge because the equilibrium between water and most sampling phases is attained in a relatively short time. In this study, we proposed a new time-integrative sampler using in situ solvent extraction (TISIS) for polar organic chemicals. The sampler was composed of a 15 cm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) tubing, with an internal diameter of 0.5 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm, through which an extraction solvent (acetonitrile) was passed. Four polar organic contaminants, caffeine, atrazine, diuron and 17α-ethynylestradiol, were chosen for the evaluation of the performance of the sampler. Without the use of in situ solvent extraction, the PDMS tubing when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration of the four model compounds was able to linearly accumulate those compounds for less than 12 h and equilibrium between the PDMS tubing and water was attained in 2 d under our laboratory conditions. However, TISIS when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration was able to linearly accumulate all the model compounds without any exposure time limitation. The measured sampling rates at three different extraction flow rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.5 mL min(-1)) were similar, regardless of the chemicals, indicating that the overall mass transfer from aqueous solution to the extraction solvent was most likely dominated by partitioning to the PDMS tubing and the internal diffusion within PDMS. In addition, a pulsed exposure experiment confirmed that TISIS operated in a time-integrative mode when the environmental concentration was highly fluctuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwan Kwon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Wang S, Oakes KD, Bragg LM, Pawliszyn J, Dixon G, Servos MR. Validation and use of in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) for the detection of emerging contaminants in fish. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 85:1472-1480. [PMID: 21955351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A variety of emerging chemicals of concern are released continuously to surface water through the municipal wastewater effluent discharges. The ability to rapidly determine bioaccumulation of these contaminants in exposed fish without sacrificing the animal (i.e. in vivo) would be of significant advantage to facilitate research, assessment and monitoring of their risk to the environment. In this study, an in vivo solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) approach was developed and applied to the measurement of a variety of emerging contaminants (carbamazepine, naproxen, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, bisphenol A, fluoxetine, ibuprofen and atrazine) in fish. Our results indicated in vivo SPME was a potential alternative extraction technique for quantitative determination of contaminants in lab exposures and as well after exposure to two municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE), with a major advantage over conventional techniques due to its ability to non-lethally sample tissues of living organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Bao LJ, Zeng EY. Passive sampling techniques for sensing freely dissolved hydrophobic organic chemicals in sediment porewater. Trends Analyt Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Ouyang G, Vuckovic D, Pawliszyn J. Nondestructive Sampling of Living Systems Using in Vivo Solid-Phase Microextraction. Chem Rev 2011; 111:2784-814. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100203t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 369] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety/KLGHEI of Environment and Energy Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dajana Vuckovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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31
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Wei F, Zhang FF, Liao H, Dong XY, Li YH, Chen H. Preparation of novel polydimethylsiloxane solid-phase microextraction film and its application in liquid sample pretreatment. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:331-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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DiFilippo EL, Eganhouse RP. Assessment of PDMS-water partition coefficients: implications for passive environmental sampling of hydrophobic organic compounds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:6917-6925. [PMID: 20726511 DOI: 10.1021/es101103x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has shown potential as an in situ passive-sampling technique in aquatic environments. The reliability of this method depends upon accurate determination of the partition coefficient between the fiber coating and water (K(f)). For some hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), K(f) values spanning 4 orders of magnitude have been reported for polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and water. However, 24% of the published data examined in this review did not pass the criterion for negligible depletion, resulting in questionable K(f) values. The range in reported K(f) is reduced to just over 2 orders of magnitude for some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) when these questionable values are removed. Other factors that could account for the range in reported K(f), such as fiber-coating thickness and fiber manufacturer, were evaluated and found to be insignificant. In addition to accurate measurement of K(f), an understanding of the impact of environmental variables, such as temperature and ionic strength, on partitioning is essential for application of laboratory-measured K(f) values to field samples. To date, few studies have measured K(f) for HOCs at conditions other than at 20° or 25 °C in distilled water. The available data indicate measurable variations in K(f) at different temperatures and different ionic strengths. Therefore, if the appropriate environmental variables are not taken into account, significant error will be introduced into calculated aqueous concentrations using this passive sampling technique. A multiparameter linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) was developed to estimate log K(f) in distilled water at 25 °C based on published physicochemical parameters. This method provided a good correlation (R(2) = 0.94) between measured and predicted log K(f) values for several compound classes. Thus, an LSER approach may offer a reliable means of predicting log K(f) for HOCs whose experimental log K(f) values are presently unavailable. Future research should focus on understanding the impact of environmental variables on K(f). Obtaining the data needed for an LSER approach to estimate K(f) for all environmentally relevant HOCs would be beneficial to the application of SPME as a passive-sampling technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica L DiFilippo
- US Geological Survey, 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 20192, USA
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33
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Schäfer RB, Hearn L, Kefford BJ, Mueller JF, Nugegoda D. Using silicone passive samplers to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from wildfires in streams and potential acute effects for invertebrate communities. WATER RESEARCH 2010; 44:4590-600. [PMID: 20554305 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicone rubber passive samplers spiked with 4 deuterated performance reference compounds were deployed for 29-33 days to estimate the concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 9 streams in Victoria, Australia, following a wildfire. Silicone rubber strips of 2 thicknesses were used to obtain information on the status of uptake of the chemicals of interest at retrieval. In addition, we monitored the stream macroinvertebrate community for potential effects of PAHs or other fire organics. All selected PAHs were detected in the passive samplers and the sampling rates ranged from 0.5 to 50 L/day significantly varying between sites but not compounds, presumably due to differences in current velocity. The estimated water concentrations were 0.1-10 ng/L for total PAHs with phenanthrene, pyrene and fluoranthene accounting for 91% of the total concentration. All PAHs were a factor of 1000 or more below the reported 48-h median lethal concentrations (48-h LC50) for Daphnia magna. Two sites located closest to the fires exhibited elevated concentrations compared to the other sites and the passive samplers in these sites remained in the integrative uptake regime for all compounds, suggesting precipitation-associated PAH input. No acute toxic effects of PAHs or other fire organics on the invertebrate community were detected using a biotic index for organic toxicants (SPEAR), whereas a non-specific biotic index (SIGNAL) decreased in two sites indicating impacts from changes in other environmental parameters. We conclude (1) that silicone-based passive samplers with two different area-to-volume ratios represent a promising tool for determining organic toxicants and (2) that PAHs from wildfires are unlikely to be a common main cause for fire-related ecological effects in streams adjacent to burnt regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Bernhard Schäfer
- School of Applied Sciences, RMIT University, PO Box 71, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia.
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34
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Qin Z, Mok S, Ouyang G, Dixon DG, Pawliszyn J. Partitioning and accumulation rates of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into polydimethylsiloxane thin films and black worms from aqueous samples. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 667:71-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2010] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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35
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van Pinxteren (née Schellin) M, Paschke A, Popp P. Silicone rod and silicone tube sorptive extraction. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:2589-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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36
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Qin Z, Bragg L, Ouyang G, Niri VH, Pawliszyn J. Solid-phase microextraction under controlled agitation conditions for rapid on-site sampling of organic pollutants in water. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6979-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Kibbey TCG, Chen L, Singhaputtangkul N, Sabatini DA. A UV-transparent passive concentrator/spectrum deconvolution method for simultaneous detection of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and related contaminants in natural waters. CHEMOSPHERE 2009; 76:1249-1257. [PMID: 19539350 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Suspected endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been widely detected in the environment, and are a source of increasing concern. One of the major challenges in assessing the risk associated with EDCs in the environment is that their environmental concentrations are typically extremely low - on the order of ngL(-1) to microgL(-1) - making them difficult to quantify without extensive pre-concentration procedures. Further complicating their detection is the fact that they are present in mixtures, sometimes with tens to hundreds of other compounds (pharmaceuticals, personal care products, detergents, natural organic matter). The objective of the work described here was to develop a method for rapid monitoring and detection of EDCs at trace concentrations in natural waters. The method makes use of a UV-transparent polymer-based concentrator to be used as a passive sampling device. The UV-transparent polymer-based concentrator serves both as a solid phase extraction medium to concentrate EDCs for analysis and exclude many compounds likely to interfere with detection (fines, macromolecules such as organic matter, ionic surfactants), and as an analytical optical cell, allowing rapid EDC quantification without labor-intensive pre-concentration procedures. A full-spectrum deconvolution technique is used to determine EDC concentrations from measured UV absorbance spectra in the polymer. Experiments were conducted to measure partitioning rate behavior and partition coefficients between the selected polymer (a functional polydimethylsiloxane) and water for seven compounds known or suspected of being endocrine disruptors: estrone, progesterone, estradiol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone, phenanthrene, triclosan, and 4-nonylphenol. The method was tested for its ability to detect and quantify individual compounds in mixtures containing up to six components. Results show the method to have selectivity suitable for rapid screening applications at many sites where multiple compounds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohren C G Kibbey
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-1024, United States.
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Ouyang G, Cui S, Qin Z, Pawliszyn J. One-Calibrant Kinetic Calibration for On-Site Water Sampling with Solid-Phase Microextraction. Anal Chem 2009; 81:5629-36. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900315w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangfeng Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufen Cui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipei Qin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- MOE Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Safety, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People’s Republic of China, Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada, and Department of Applied Biological Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, People’s Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Rubio
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Bendito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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Recent developments in solid-phase microextraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:781-95. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2008] [Revised: 08/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ouyang G, Pawliszyn J. A critical review in calibration methods for solid-phase microextraction. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 627:184-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 08/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Zhou SN, Oakes KD, Servos MR, Pawliszyn J. Application of solid-phase microextraction for in vivo laboratory and field sampling of pharmaceuticals in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2008; 42:6073-6079. [PMID: 18767668 DOI: 10.1021/es8001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Previous field studies utilizing solid-phase microextraction (SPME) predominantly focused on volatile and semivolatile compounds in air or water. Earlier in vivo sampling studies utilizing SPME were limited to the liquid matrix (blood). The present study has expanded the SPME technique to semisolid tissues under laboratory and field conditions through the investigation of both theoretical and applied experimental approaches. Pre-equilibrium extraction and desorption were performed in vivo in two separate animals. Excellent linearity was found between the amounts extracted by SPME from the muscle of living fish and the waterborne concentrations of pharmaceuticals. A simple SPME method is also described to simultaneously determine free and total analyte concentrations in living tissue. The utility of in vivo SPME sampling was evaluated in wild fish collected from a number of different river locations under varying degrees of influence from municipal wastewater effluents. Diphenhydramine and diltiazem were detected in the muscle of fish downstream of a local wastewater treatment plant. Based on this study, SPME demonstrated several important advantages such as simplicity, sensitivity, and robustness under laboratory and in vivo field sampling conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ningsun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
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Comparison of thin-film microextraction and stir bar sorptive extraction for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples with controlled agitation conditions. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1196-1197:89-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ouyang G, Cai J, Zhang X, Li H, Pawliszyn J. Standard-free kinetic calibration for rapid on-site analysis by solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2008; 31:1167-72. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ricardo Lucio‐Gutiérrez J, de la Luz Salazar‐Cavazos M, Waksman de Torres NH, Castro‐Ríos R. Solid‐Phase Microextraction Followed by High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography with Fluorimetric and UV Detection for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701746758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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