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Liu H, Chi L, Shen J, Arandiyan H, Wang Y, Wang X. Principles, applications, and limitations of diffusive gradients in thin films induced fluxed in soils and sediments. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141061. [PMID: 38159729 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.141061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique serves as a passive sampling method, inducing analyte transport and concentration. Its application is widespread in assessing labile components of metals, organic matter, and nutrients across various environmental media such as water, sediments, and saturated soils. The DGT devices effectively reduce the porewater concentration through irreversible binding of solutes, consequently promoting the release of labile species from the soil/sediment solid phase. However, the precise quantification of simultaneous adsorption and desorption of labile species using DGT devices alone remains a challenge. To address this challenge, the DGT-Induced Fluxes in Soils and Sediments (DIFS) model was developed. This model simulates analyte kinetics in solid phases, solutions, and binding resins by incorporating factors such as soil properties, resupply parameters, and kinetic principles. While the DIFS model has been iteratively improved to increase its accuracy in portraying kinetic behavior in soil/sediment, researchers' incomplete comprehension of it still results in unrealistic fitting outcomes and an oversight of the profound implications posed by kinetic parameters during implementation. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the optimization and utilization of DIFS models, encompassing fundamental concepts behind DGT devices and DIFS models, the kinetic interpretation of DIFS parameters, and instances where the model has been applied to study soils and sediments. It also highlights preexisting limitations of the DIFS model and offers suggestions for more precise modeling in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaji Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Lina Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hamidreza Arandiyan
- Laboratory of Advanced Catalysis for Sustainability, School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Xinze Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali, 671000, China; Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali, 67100, China.
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Cai Y, Wang H, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Dong A, Huang R, Zeng Q, Yuan H. Seasonal variation regulate the endogenous phosphorus release in sediments of Shijiuhu Lake via water-level fluctuation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117247. [PMID: 37769833 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater lakes undergo substantial alterations of the phosphorus (P) cycle in the water-sediment ecosystem due to thermal change. The impact process of seasonal fluctuation on P cycling in sediments has been scarcely investigated. P forms in sediments from a freshwater lake in China were analyzed using sequential extraction technique. The vertical distribution of soluble reactive P (SRP), Fe2+, and S2- in the interstitial water was measured using diffusion gradient technique (DGT). Fick's Law and DIFS model were used to obtain the diffusion fluxes of SRP and the kinetic parameters in the water-sediment system. The results showed that total P (TP) concentrations in the solid sediments varied from 207.5, 266.6 and 130.3 mg/kg to 614.7, 1053.1, and 687.6 mg/kg in winter, spring, and summer, respectively. The concentrations of individual P forms in spring were higher than those in other seasons, with Fe-bound P (Fe-P) concentration being the highest across all seasons. Notably, significant variations of SRP concentrations were found in the interstitial water between sedimentary depths of approximately 2 cm and 6 cm, particularly in the summer. Furthermore, higher diffusion fluxes of SRP through the interface were found in summer. A stable anaerobic environment failed to develop in spring with high water level, preventing the desorption of solid Fe-P and diffusion of Fe2+ into the water due to the afflux and deposition of P-containing particulate into deeper sediment layers along with organic material. Under extreme high-temperature in summer, decreased rainfall and rising temperatures boosted the activity of aquatic organisms in the water, thereby reducing P fixation by sediments and leading to P release. This process increased the risk of P excess and potential eutrophication in the water. Generally, clarifying the resupplying processes of endogenous P in sediment systems experiencing seasonal variations is critical for eutrophication management of lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Cai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Haixiang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Tianxin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Yanwen Zhou
- Nanjing Research Institute of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, 210013, China
| | - Azhong Dong
- Jiangsu Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Nanjing, 210017, China
| | - Qingfei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hezhong Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control and Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Ren S, Wang Y, Sun D, Bekele TG, Dong F, Zhao H, Tan F. Simultaneous evaluation of kinetic release of labile arsenic and phosphorus in agricultural soils using cerium oxide-based DGT. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 807:151039. [PMID: 34673063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption/desorption of arsenic (As) in agricultural soils is of utmost importance for the evaluation of its kinetic release and potential of entering the food chain by uptake of crops. However, the mobility of As in soils is closely related to the migration behavior of soil phosphorus (P) due to their chemical similarity. Here, the distribution and desorption kinetics of As and P in four different types of farmland soils were simultaneously estimated by cerium oxide-based diffusive gradients in thin films technique (CeO2-DGT) coupled with dynamic model of DGT induced fluxes in soils (DIFS). CeO2-DGT was deployed in the soils over 400 h to investigate the interactions between As and P for their migration behaviors. The accumulated masses of As in the DGT devices showed reverse orders with those of P among the four soils, indicating their competitive adsorption on soil solids. The distribution coefficients (Kdl) for the labile As and P derived from the DIFS model were mutually exclusive. Clay in the soil reduced the pool size of the labile As by increasing the irreversible adsorption of As on soil particles. The adsorption rate constants of As were much smaller than P but their desorption rate constants were comparable. Among the four soils, the soil with the highest soil labile As/P molar ratio measured by DGT showed the largest potential of As phytotoxicity. Both As and P could reach the equilibrium of resupply within 0.7- 18 min under DGT depletion, and significant negative correlation was observed between the desorption rate (kb) of As and clay content in the soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Dalian Hydrological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tadiyose Girma Bekele
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Fan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Ji X, Challis JK, Brinkmann M. A critical review of diffusive gradients in thin films technique for measuring organic pollutants: Potential limitations, application to solid phases, and combination with bioassays. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132352. [PMID: 34826958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) for organics has received considerable attention for studying the chemical dynamics of various organic pollutants in the environment. This review investigates current limitations of DGT for organics and identifies several research gaps for future studies. The application of a protective outer filter membrane has been recommended for most DGT applications, however, important questions regarding longer lag times due to significant interaction or adsorption of specific groups of compounds on the outer membrane remain. A modified DGT configuration has been developed that uses the diffusive gel as the outer membrane without the use of an extra filter membrane, however use of this configuration, while largely successful, remains limited. Biofouling has been a concern when using DGT for metals; however, effect on the performance of DGT for organics needs to be systemically studied. Storage stability of compounds on intact DGT samplers has been assessed in select studies and that data is synthesized here. DGT has been used to describe the kinetic desorption of antibiotics from soils and biosolids based on the soil/biosolid physical-chemical characteristics, yet applications remain limited and requires further research before wide-scale adoption is recommended. Finally, DGT for organics has been rarely, albeit successfully, combined with bioassays as well as in vivo bioaccumulation studies in zebrafish. Studies using DGT combined with bioassays to predict the adverse effects of environmental mixtures on aquatic or terrestrial biota are discussed here and should be considered for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Ji
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | - Markus Brinkmann
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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5
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Ciffroy P, Carasco L, Orjollet D, Simonucci C, Février L. Evaluation of DGT and DGT-PROFS modeling approach to estimate desorption kinetics of Cs in soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2021; 235-236:106646. [PMID: 34010732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2021.106646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to assess the suitability of DGT to extract kinetic rates of desorption of cesium (Cs) from soils. For this purpose, laboratory experiments with a natural soil spiked with Cs were carried out under three different contamination conditions, reflecting either an increase in Cs contamination level or an ageing of the contamination within the soil. The experimental results, i.e. the Cs accumulation kinetics onto DGT probes were interpreted by the DGT-PROFS model. The latter calculates the partitioning of Cs between two particulate pools, describing weak and strong interactions respectively, as well as kinetic rates describing exchange reactions. Experimental conditions did not show any major impact on desorption rates, suggesting that desorption kinetics were not significantly affected by contamination level and ageing. Instead, the distribution of Cs among weak and strong sites was shown to be the predominant factor governing the differences observed in the remobilization of Cs to porewater among experimental conditions. The DGT technique combined with the DGT-PROFS modelling approach was proved to be efficient in estimating desorption kinetic rates of Cs in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ciffroy
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, 6 quai Watier, 78401 Chatou, France.
| | - L Carasco
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, Cadarache, France
| | - D Orjollet
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, Cadarache, France
| | - C Simonucci
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SEDRE, LELI, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SIRSE, LERNORD, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - L Février
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, Cadarache, France.
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Ciffroy P, Monnin L, Garnier JM, Ambrosi JP, Radakovitch O. Modelling geochemical and kinetic processes involved in lead (Pb) remobilization during resuspension events of contaminated sediments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 679:159-171. [PMID: 31082590 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.04.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present a model simulating and predicting the exchange kinetics of lead (Pb) between contaminated sediments and water during resuspension events potentially occurring in reservoirs. We developed an innovative model that combines thermodynamic speciation of particulate surfaces (oxides and Particulate Organic Carbon (POC)), thermodynamic Pb speciation in water, and kinetic modelling of exchanges between free Pb and particulate sites (i.e., dissolution of a carbonate carrier phase, adsorption/coprecipitation and desorption/dissolution to/from oxides, and adsorption and desorption/degradation to/from particulate organic particles). We used results from laboratory resuspension experiments performed on sediments from three contaminated dam reservoirs to calibrate a new chemical speciation model. Uptake and release processes to/from sediments were found to be controlled by at least two successive reactions that are associated with two particulate pools (here oxides and POC). Kinetic adsorption and desorption rates were calibrated for seven experimental conditions. Variability in kinetic rates allowed evaluation of the effect of the solid-to-liquid ratio and sediment origin on exchange kinetics at the water-particle interface. The kinetic release of dissolved Pb by desorption or dissolution from the oxides was reproduced almost identically between the experiments, regardless of the solid-to-liquid ratio or sediment origin. Long-term readsorption on POC sites is more variable, even if ranges of variation in the adsorption and desorption kinetic rates related to POC remain limited, considering that tested sediments vary significantly. CAPSULE: A kinetic model simulating the dynamics of lead (Pb) during sediment resuspension was developed and calibrated to laboratory experiments performed on three contaminated sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Ciffroy
- EDF, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), Chatou, France.
| | - Lucie Monnin
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Marie Garnier
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Jean-Paul Ambrosi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Olivier Radakovitch
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSE-ENV/SRTE/LRTA, BP3, 13115 Saint-Paul Lez Durance, France
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7
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Menezes-Blackburn D, Sun J, Lehto NJ, Zhang H, Stutter M, Giles CD, Darch T, George TS, Shand C, Lumsdon D, Blackwell M, Wearing C, Cooper P, Wendler R, Brown L, Al-Kasbi M, Haygarth PM. Simultaneous Quantification of Soil Phosphorus Labile Pool and Desorption Kinetics Using DGTs and 3D-DIFS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6718-6728. [PMID: 31083927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The buffering of phosphorus concentrations in soil solution by the soil-solid phase is an important process for providing plant root access to nutrients. Accordingly, the size of labile solid phase-bound phosphorus pool and the rate at which it can resupply phosphorous into the dissolved phase can be important variables in determining when the plant availability of the nutrient may be limited. The phosphorus labile pool (Plabile) and its desorption kinetics were simultaneously evaluated in 10 agricultural UK soils using the diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique. The DGT-induced fluxes in the soil and sediments model (DIFS) was fitted to the time series of DGT deployments (1-240 h), which allowed the estimation of Plabile, and the system response time ( Tc). The Plabile concentration was then compared to that obtained by several soil P extracts including Olsen P, FeO-P, and water extractable P, in order to assess if the data from these analytical procedures can be used to represent the labile P across different soils. The Olsen P concentration, commonly used as a representation of the soil labile P pool, overestimated the desorbable P concentration by 6-fold. The use of this approach for the quantification of soil P desorption kinetic parameters found a wide range of equally valid solutions for Tc. Additionally, the performance of different DIFS model versions working in different dimensions (1D, 2D, and 3D) was compared. Although all models could provide a good fit to the experimental DGT time series data, the fitted parameters showed a poor agreement between different model versions. The limitations of the DIFS model family are associated with the assumptions taken in the modeling approach and the three-dimensional (3D) version is here considered to be the most precise among them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Menezes-Blackburn
- Department of Soils, Water and Agricultural Engineering, CAMS , Sultan Qaboos University , PO Box 34, Al-khod 123 , Sultanate of Oman
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Jiahui Sun
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Niklas J Lehto
- Department of Soil and Physical Sciences , Lincoln University , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Marc Stutter
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Courtney D Giles
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Tegan Darch
- Rothamsted Research: North Wyke , Okehampton , Devon EX20 2SB , U.K
| | - Timothy S George
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Charles Shand
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - David Lumsdon
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Martin Blackwell
- Rothamsted Research: North Wyke , Okehampton , Devon EX20 2SB , U.K
| | - Catherine Wearing
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
| | - Patricia Cooper
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Renate Wendler
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Lawrie Brown
- The James Hutton Institute , Aberdeen , AB15 8QH and Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, U.K
| | - Mohammed Al-Kasbi
- Ministry of Environment and Climate Affairs , P.O. Box: 323, Muscat 100 , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Philip M Haygarth
- Lancaster University: Lancaster Environment Centre , Lancaster , LA1 4YQ , U.K
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Parker R, Bolam T, Barry J, Mason C, Kröger S, Warford L, Silburn B, Sivyer D, Birchenough S, Mayes A, Fones GR. The application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) for improved understanding of metal behaviour at marine disposal sites. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 575:1074-1086. [PMID: 27693155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the effects of sediment metal contamination on biological assemblages and function remains a key question in marine management, especially in relation to disposal activities. However, the appropriate description of bioavailable metal concentrations within pore-waters has rarely been reported. Here, metal behaviour and availability at contaminated dredged material disposal sites within UK waters were investigated using Diffusive Gradient in Thin films (DGT). Three stations, representing contrasting history and presence of dredge disposal were studied. Depth profiles of five metals were derived using DGT probes as well as discrete analysis of total metal concentrations from sliced cores. The metals analysed were: iron and manganese, both relevant to sediment biogeochemistry; cadmium, nickel and lead, classified as priority pollutants. DGT time-integrated labile flux profiles of the metals display behaviour consistent with increasingly reduced conditions at depth and availability to DGT (iron and manganese), subsurface peaks and a potential sedimentary source to the water column related to the disposal activity (lead and nickel) and release to pore-water linked to decomposition of enriched phytodetritus (cadmium). DGT data has the potential to improve our current understanding of metal behaviour at impacted sites and is suitable as a monitoring tool. DGT data can provide information on metal availability and fluxes within the sediment at high depth-resolution (5mm steps). Differences observed in the resulting profiles between DGT and conventional total metal analysis illustrates the significance of considering both total metals and a potentially labile fraction. The study outcomes can help to inform and improve future disposal site impact assessment, and could be complemented with techniques such as Sediment Profile Imagery for improved biologically relevance, spatial coverage and cost-effective monitoring and sampling of dredge material disposal sites. Additionally, the application of this technology could help improve correlative work on biological impacts under national and international auspices when linking biological effects to more biologically relevant metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Parker
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Thi Bolam
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Jon Barry
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Claire Mason
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Silke Kröger
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Lee Warford
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Briony Silburn
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Dave Sivyer
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Silvana Birchenough
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK
| | - Andrew Mayes
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Gary R Fones
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3QL, UK
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9
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Menezes-Blackburn D, Zhang H, Stutter M, Giles CD, Darch T, George TS, Shand C, Lumsdon D, Blackwell M, Wearing C, Cooper P, Wendler R, Brown L, Haygarth PM. A Holistic Approach to Understanding the Desorption of Phosphorus in Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3371-3381. [PMID: 26911395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mobility and resupply of inorganic phosphorus (P) from the solid phase were studied in 32 soils from the UK. The combined use of diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), diffusive equilibration in thin films (DET) and the "DGT-induced fluxes in sediments" model (DIFS) were adapted to explore the basic principles of solid-to-solution P desorption kinetics in previously unattainable detail. On average across soil types, the response time (Tc) was 3.6 h, the desorption rate constant (k-1) was 0.0046 h(-1), and the desorption rate was 4.71 nmol l(-1) s(-1). While the relative DGT-induced inorganic P flux responses in the first hour is mainly a function of soil water retention and % Corg, at longer times it is a function of the P resupply from the soil solid phase. Desorption rates and resupply from solid phase were fundamentally influenced by P status as reflected by their high correlation with P concentration in FeO strips, Olsen, NaOH-EDTA and water extracts. Soil pH and particle size distribution showed no significant correlation with the evaluated mobility and resupply parameters. The DGT and DET techniques, along with the DIFS model, were considered accurate and practical tools for studying parameters related to soil P desorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Marc Stutter
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH Scotland, U.K
| | | | - Tegan Darch
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, U.K
| | | | - Charles Shand
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH Scotland, U.K
| | - David Lumsdon
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH Scotland, U.K
| | - Martin Blackwell
- Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, U.K
| | - Catherine Wearing
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | | | - Renate Wendler
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH Scotland, U.K
| | - Lawrie Brown
- The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen AB15 8QH Scotland, U.K
| | - Philip M Haygarth
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
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10
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Amato ED, Simpson SL, Jarolimek CV, Jolley DF. Diffusive gradients in thin films technique provide robust prediction of metal bioavailability and toxicity in estuarine sediments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4485-4494. [PMID: 24673266 DOI: 10.1021/es404850f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Many sediment quality assessment frameworks incorporate contaminant bioavailability as a critical factor regulating toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. However, current approaches do not always adequately predict metal bioavailability to organisms living in the oxidized sediment surface layers. The deployment of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) probes in sediments allows labile metals present in pore waters and weakly bound to the particulate phase to be assessed in a time-integrated manner in situ. In this study, relationships between DGT-labile metal fluxes within 5 mm of the sediment-water interface and lethal and sublethal effects to the amphipod Melita plumulosa were assessed in a range of contaminated estuarine sediments during 10-day laboratory-based bioassays. To account for differing toxicities of metals, DGT fluxes were normalized to water (WQG) or sediment quality guidelines or toxicity thresholds specific for the amphipod. The better dose-response relationship appeared to be the one based on WQG-normalized DGT fluxes, which successfully predicted toxicity despite the wide range of metals and large variations in sediment properties. The study indicated that the labile fraction of metals measured by DGT is useful for predicting metal toxicity to benthic invertebrates, supporting the applicability of this technique as a rapid monitoring tool for sediments quality assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvio D Amato
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong , NSW 2522, Australia
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11
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Peijnenburg WJGM, Teasdale PR, Reible D, Mondon J, Bennett WW, Campbell PGC. Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: state of the science for metals. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:179-96. [PMID: 24470168 PMCID: PMC4238822 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
"Dissolved" concentrations of contaminants in sediment porewater (Cfree ) provide a more relevant exposure metric for risk assessment than do total concentrations. Passive sampling methods (PSMs) for estimating Cfree offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of Cfree for inorganic sediment contaminants. In contrast to the PSMs validated and applied for organic contaminants, the various passive sampling devices developed for metals, metalloids, and some nonmetals (collectively termed "metals") have been exploited to a limited extent, despite recognized advantages that include low detection limits, detection of time-averaged trends, high spatial resolution, information about dissolved metal speciation, and the ability to capture episodic events and cyclic changes that may be missed by occasional grab sampling. We summarize the PSM approaches for assessing metal toxicity to, and bioaccumulation by, sediment-dwelling biota, including the recognized advantages and limitations of each approach, the need for standardization, and further work needed to facilitate broader acceptance and application of PSM-derived information by decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie JGM Peijnenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsBilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Julie Mondon
- Center for Integrated Ecology, Environmental Sustainability Research Cluster, Deakin UniversityWarrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Peter GC Campbell
- Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et EnvironnementQuébec, Canada
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12
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Caillat A, Ciffroy P, Grote M, Rigaud S, Garnier JM. Bioavailability of copper in contaminated sediments assessed by a DGT approach and the uptake of copper by the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2014; 33:278-285. [PMID: 24122927 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the potentially harmful effects of metals on biota depends on the speciation and bioavailability of the metals. In the present study, the authors investigated Cu accumulation and toxicity in the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum after exposure to artificial sediments varying in peat or ferric hydroxide content and spiked with Cu (5-200 mg kg(-1)). Modeling of the kinetic diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) measurements revealed fast and slow Cu resupply from the solid phase for sediment formulated with and without peat, respectively. Myriophyllum aquaticum proved to be sensitive to Cu, as the Cu accumulation and growth differed depending on the sediment composition and Cu concentration. Comparing the Cu accumulation in M. aquaticum with total dissolved concentration, free concentration, and concentration in solution derived from DGT measurements (CDGT), Cu concentrations revealed that CDGT concentrations were a better predictor of accumulation than the others. However, the relatively weak correlation observed (r(2) = 0.6) and the fact that plant uptake does not increase proportionally to DGT fluxes suggest that Cu uptake in plants was not diffusion limited. Thus, the free Cu concentrations near the root surface were sufficient to meet the plant's demand during the experiment. Furthermore, labile complexes that continuously resupply the Cu(2+) pool may also contribute to the concentrations available for plant uptake. In the range of Cu concentrations investigated in the present study, saturation of uptake processes as well as toxicity are considered responsible for the poor DGT prediction of plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Caillat
- Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Aix-Marseille Université, Aix en Provence, France; Electricité de France, Division Recherche et Développement, Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement, Chatou, France
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