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Mirlohi S. Characterization of Metallic Off-Flavors in Drinking Water: Health, Consumption, and Sensory Perception. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416829. [PMID: 36554714 PMCID: PMC9778853 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of taste- and flavor-producing metals, namely iron and copper, in drinking water is a multifaceted subject. Both metals are essential nutrients, can be toxic, and are known to produce unpleasant tastes and flavor sensations in drinking water. Ingestion of trace metal contaminants through drinking water is a probable source of human exposure. Biochemical mechanisms of metallic flavor perception have been previously described; however, less is known about how variations in salivary constituents might impact individuals' sensitivities to metallic flavors and beverage consumption behaviors. This research presents findings from in vitro experiments, using artificial human saliva, to better understand the role of salivary lipids and proteins on metallic flavor production as measured by biomarkers of metal-induced oxidative stress. The results indicate that metal-induced lipid oxidation, as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), is dominated by salivary proteins, is slightly inhibited in the presence of salivary nitrite, and is detectable by the TBARS method at and above respective concentrations of 9 µM (0.5 mg/L) and 90 µM (5 mg/L), which are both above the aesthetic standards for iron (0.3 mg/L) and copper (1.0 mg/L) in drinking water. Preliminary study with human subjects indicated that reduction in metallic flavor sensitivity, as measured by the best estimate flavor threshold for ferrous iron among 33 healthy adults aged 19-84 years old (22 females), corresponded with reduced drinking water consumption and increased caloric beverage intake among older subjects (>60 years), as determined by a validated self-reported beverage intake questionnaire. These findings provide insights for further research to examine how salivary constituents can impact humans' sensory abilities in detecting metallic off-flavors in water, and how reduced metallic flavor sensitivity may influence beverage choices and drinking water consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mirlohi
- Department of Public Health, California State University, Fresno, CA 93740-8031, USA
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2
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Laosuwan M, Gissawong N, Butwong N, Srijaranai S, Mukdasai S. Facile liquid colorimetric sensor using high-density deep eutectic solvent for trace detection and speciation of iron in milk. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 272:121020. [PMID: 35176644 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient colorimetric sensor was developed using a high-density deep eutectic solvent (HD-DES) for the trace detection and speciation of iron in various milk samples. A liquid colorimetric probe was fabricated by dissolving ferrozine (FZ) in HD-DES prepared from TBABr and PBA. The prederivatization of Fe2+ via complexation with FZ on the HD-DES/FZ probe provided the [Fe(FZ)3]4- complex, which led to a color change from pale yellow to purple before it was simultaneously extracted by HD-DES. The Fe3+ content was calculated by subtracting the amount of Fe2+ from the total Fe content following the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ by L-ascorbic acid in an acid buffer. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed colorimetric sensor exhibited appreciable linearity in the concentration range of 0.003-0.04 mg L-1, a low limit of detection (0.95 µg L-1), high enrichment factor (50), and outstanding repeatability. The liquid colorimetric probe was successfully applied for the determination and speciation of iron in milk samples, and the results were compared with those obtained using the standard atomic absorption spectrometry method. Moreover, quantitative analysis was performed on a smartphone using the Image J application to estimate the color intensity change, which eliminated the requirement of sophisticated scientific instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melasinee Laosuwan
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Netsirin Gissawong
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Nuttaya Butwong
- Applied Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Supalax Srijaranai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Siriboon Mukdasai
- Materials Chemistry Research Center, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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Tümay SO, Irani-Nezhad MH, Khataee A. Development of dipodal fluorescence sensor of iron for real samples based on pyrene modified anthracene. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 261:120017. [PMID: 34098476 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel pyrene modified anthracene dipodal sensor was prepared by a simple synthetic method for the sensitive determination of iron ions in real samples. The chemical characterization analyses including nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were carried out to characterize the target fluorescent sensor. Photophysical and electrochemical behaviors of the sensor were studied by the absorption, excitation-emission matrix analysis, steady-state fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, and cyclic and square wave voltammetry, respectively. The fluorescent sensor properties were evaluated via Ultraviolet-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. According to obtained results, the fluorescence signal of the sensor was selectively quenched with interaction with Fe3+ ions. The spectrofluorimetric determination of iron, in real water and medicine samples were successfully carried out under optimized experimental conditions. A detection limit and linear working range were calculated as 0.265 μM and 0.275-55.000 μM, respectively which demonstrated the ability of the simple and sensitive sensor for slight amounts of iron. The obtained detection limit for iron determination with the presented novel fluorescent sensor was less than nearly 20 times the tolerance limit (5.40 µM) in drinking water that was determined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The accuracy of the newly developed method was evaluated by Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy and spike/recovery test which demonstrated that the developed fluorescent sensor has high accuracy for fast, easy and accessible determination of iron at 95% confidence level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Mahsa Haddad Irani-Nezhad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
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Chen Y, Shan X, Jiang D, Li X. One-step Hydrothermal Synthesis of N-doped Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Fermented Rice with Highly Selective Characteristics for Label-free Detection of Fe 3+ Ions and as Fluorescent Ink. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1227-1234. [PMID: 33455964 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In our work, N-doped carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method with fermented rice as the carbon source. The CDs show bright blue fluorescence, and the maximum emission wavelength was 380 nm with wavelength ranges from 320 to 560 nm. Interestingly, these as-prepared CDs show strong blue photoluminescent properties under the radiation with ultraviolet (UV) light. Moreover, it also exhibits good sensitive fluorescence detection for Fe3+ ions; the detection limit is 0.1 μM, which is significant fluorescence quenching based on CDs. Other representative metal ions were further tested to verify their selectivity, which provides a solid underpinning for the practical use in Fe3+ ions detection in real samples, e.g. underground water. In addition, the CDs work well as a fluorescent ink and can encrypt and store information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University
| | - Xueling Shan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University
| | - Ding Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University
| | - Xiaoge Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University
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Spence C, Carvalho FM, Howes D. Metallic: A Bivalent Ambimodal Material Property? Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211037710. [PMID: 34540193 PMCID: PMC8447111 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211037710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Many metallic visual stimuli, especially the so-called precious metals, have long had a rich symbolic meaning for humans. Intriguingly, however, while metallic is used to describe sensations associated with pretty much every sensory modality, the descriptor is normally positively valenced in the case of vision while typically being negatively valenced in the case of those metallic sensations that are elicited by the stimulation of the chemical senses. In fact, outside the visual modality, metallic would often appear to be used to describe those sensations that are unfamiliar and unpleasant as much as to refer to any identifiable perceptual quality (or attribute). In this review, we assess those sensory stimuli that people choose to refer to as metallic, summarising the multiple, often symbolic, meanings of (especially precious) metals. The evidence of positively valenced sensation transference from metallic serviceware (e.g., plates, cups, and cutlery) to the food and drink with which it comes into contact is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Centre for Sensory Studies, Concordia
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - David Howes
- Centre for Sensory Studies, Concordia
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Abstract
Of all the oral sensations that are experienced, "metallic" is one that is rarely reported in healthy participants. So why, then, do chemotherapy patients so frequently report that "metallic" sensations overpower and interfere with their enjoyment of food and drink? This side-effect of chemotherapy-often referred to (e.g., by patients) as "metal mouth"-can adversely affect their appetite, resulting in weight loss, which potentially endangers (or at the very least slows) their recovery. The etiology of "metal mouth" is poorly understood, and current management strategies are largely unevidenced. As a result, patients continue to suffer as a result of this poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we provide our perspective on the issue, outlining the evidence for a range of possible etiologies, and highlighting key research questions. We explore the evidence for "metallic" as a putative taste, and whether "metal mouth" might therefore be a form of phantageusia, perhaps similar to already-described "release-of-inhibition" phenomena. We comment on the possibility that "metal mouth" may simply be a direct effect of chemotherapy drugs. We present the novel theory that "metal mouth" may be linked to chemotherapy-induced sensitization of TRPV1. Finally, we discuss the evidence for retronasal olfaction of lipid oxidation products in the etiology of "metal mouth." This article seeks principally to guide much-needed future research which will hopefully one day provide a basis for the development of novel supportive therapies for future generations of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J M Reith
- Oxford Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
| | - Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Psychology, Oxford University, UK
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Sang X, Liu D, Song J, Wang C, Nie X, Shi G, Xia X, Ni C, Wang D. High-efficient liquid exfoliation of 2D metal-organic framework using deep-eutectic solvents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 72:105461. [PMID: 33497957 PMCID: PMC7838717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The exfoliation of bulk two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) into few-layered nanosheets has attracted much attention recently. In this work, an environmental-friendly route has been developed for layered-MOF (MAMS-1) delamination using deep eutectic solvent (DES), which is more sustainable and efficient alternative than conventional organic solvents for MOF nanosheet preparation. Under sonication condition, DES as solvents, the highest exfoliation rate of MAMS-1 is up to 70% with two host layers via poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) surfactant-assisted method. The presence of tert-butyl exteriors and the atomically thickness endow the MOF nanosheets stable suspension for at least one month. Due to the 2D structure and excellent stability, MAMS-1 nanosheet (MAMS-1-NS) was chosen as a good candidate to encapsulate Eu3+ cations. The obtained Eu3+@MAMS-1-NS acts as a multi-responsive luminescent sensor through fluorescence quenching, and can specifically recognize Fe3+ (LOD = 0.40 μM, KSV = 1.05 × 105 M-l), Hg2+ (LOD = 0.038 μM, KSV = 5.78 × 106 M-l), Cr2O72- (LOD = 0.33 μM, KSV = 1.55 × 105 M-l) and MnO4- (LOD = 0.088 μM, KSV = 4.49 × 105 M-l). Compared with bulk Eu3+@MAMS-1, the sensitivity of Eu3+@MAMS-1-NS is greatly improved owing to its ultrathin nanosheet morphology and highly accessible active sites on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Sang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Dongyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Junling Song
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiangdao Nie
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caihua Ni
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Tümay SO, Irani-Nezhad MH, Khataee A. Multi-anthracene containing fluorescent probe for spectrofluorimetric iron determination in environmental water samples. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119250. [PMID: 33316650 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An anthracene-based fluorescence (FL) system was synthesized via a general synthetic procedure. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), MALDI-MS, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C and 1H NMR) were carried out to characterize the multi-anthracene containing probe. The photophysical properties of the probe were illustrated via 3D-FL analysis and excitation-emission matrix (EEM) measurements. Density-functional theory (DFT) was applied to optimize the structure of the prepared probe and investigate its molecular interactions with Fe3+. The FL proficiency of the probe was appraised by spectroscopic measurements like Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and FL spectroscopies. The simple and highly sensitive probe was able to diagnose ferric ions' low concentrations and detection limit reached upto 0.223 µM with linear working range between 0.22 and 92.00 µM for Fe3+ ions. The efficacy of this fluorescent probe was confirmed by testing for iron determination in environmental samples. Various fluorophores or ionophores could be applied for achieving novel probes by the proposed procedures and for diagnosing diverse metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süreyya Oğuz Tümay
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Mahsa Haddad Irani-Nezhad
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey.
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9
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Uddin MJ, Jeong YK. Urban river pollution in Bangladesh during last 40 years: potential public health and ecological risk, present policy, and future prospects toward smart water management. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06107. [PMID: 33659727 PMCID: PMC7892934 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
River water is very much important for domestic, agriculture and industrial use in Bangladesh which is in critical condition from long time based on research data. During last 40 years, extreme pollution events occurred in peripheral rivers surrounding Dhaka city and Karnaphuli River in Chittagong city. Present data showed that other urban rivers are also in critical condition especially Korotoa, Teesta, Rupsha, Pashur and Padma. The pollutants flowing with water made a severe pollution in downstream areas of rivers. Metals concentrations in river water was found to be higher in dry season. Dissolve oxygen (DO) was nearly zero in Buriganga River and several points in Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya and Karnaphuli River. NO3-, NO2- and PO43- pollution occurred in different rivers. Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, As and Cr concentration was above drinking water standard in most of the river and some metals was even above irrigation standard in water from several rivers. Sediment data showed very much higher metal concentrations in most of the rivers especially peripheral rivers in Dhaka and Karnaphuli, Korotoa, Teesta, Rupsha and Meghna River. Metal concentrations in sediment was above US EPA threshold value in most of the rivers. Metal concentrations in fish and agricultural crops showed that bioaccumulations of metals had occurred. The concentration of metals showed the trend like: water<fish<sediment. Agricultural crops were found to contain toxic metals through polluted water irrigation. The calculated data of daily intake for the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic showed that consumption of the contaminated foodstuff can cause serious health injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Jamal Uddin
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Barisal, Bangladesh
- Corresponding author.
| | - Yeon-Koo Jeong
- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, South Korea
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Zhuang Y, Shen C, Gu Y, Chen R, Shi B. Effect of trichloroacetic acid on iron oxidation: Implications on the control of DBPs and deposits in drinking water. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 189:116632. [PMID: 33227611 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In drinking water distribution system (DWDS), disinfection byproducts (DBPs) have a large possibility of participating in iron oxidation by dissolved oxygen (DO), which may induce particle structure transformations and increase unknown risks. In this work, the influence of trichloroacetic acid (TCAA, one of the most typical DBPs) on iron oxidation processes was studied, and the potential effects of the resulting α-FeOOH particles were evaluated through two aspects: (i) influence on the bacterial community and (ii) toxicity to human cells. TCAA promoted iron oxidation process through an Fe-O-C linkage, which led to a sharper surface of the particles (TCAA-mediated Fe oxide particles, TFOP) than that without TCAA (Fe oxide particles, FOP). Interestingly, the influence of particles on the richness of bacterial community of drinking water was different under anaerobic and aerobic conditions: under anaerobic conditions, the richness of bacterial community increased with the addition of particles, while under aerobic conditions, the richness of bacterial community decreased. The higher affinity of TFOP for electron-accepting DO than FOP indicated the role of DO on TFOP under aerobic conditions. TFOP exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity among FOP and the actual deposits. DFT calculations confirmed that TCAA in iron particles promoted the adsorption and dissociation of H2O2 to generate more •OH with an obvious decrease in the energy barrier from 1.51 to 0.80 eV. This study indicates the high potential of adverse effects of DBPs on loose deposits in DWDS and gives implications for the control of DBPs and deposits in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Congcong Shen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yifan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ruya Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoyou Shi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Design of novel anthracene-based fluorescence sensor for sensitive and selective determination of iron in real samples. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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In Vitro Evaluation of Iron-Induced Salivary Lipid Oxidation Associated with Exposure to Iron Nanoparticles: Application Possibilities and Limitations for Food and Exposure Sciences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103622. [PMID: 32455755 PMCID: PMC7277702 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Zerovalent iron nanotechnologies are widely used for groundwater remediation and increasingly considered for advance oxidation treatment in drinking water applications. Iron nanoparticles have been detected in drinking water systems and considered for food fortification; therefore, the potential for human exposure through ingestion can be a concern. This study aimed to assess whether ingestion of iron nanoparticles from drinking water could be detected through flavor perception using In Vitro salivary lipid oxidation as an indicator for metallic flavor perception. Ten female subjects, aged 29–59 years, donated saliva samples for use in the In Vitro experiments. Test samples consisted of 1:1 mixture of saliva and bottled drinking water (control) and three treatment solutions, spiked with ferrous sulfate, stabilized zerovalent iron nanoparticles (nZVI), and an aggregated/microsized suspension of mixed zerovalent iron and microsized suspension of iron and iron oxide metal powder, (mZVI). Upon mixing, samples were subjected to 15 min incubation at 37 °C to resemble oral conditions. Salivary lipid oxidation (SLO) was measured in all samples as micromoles of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)/mg Fe. Exposure to iron in all three forms induced significant amount of SLO in all treatment samples as compared to the control (p < 0.0001). The mean SLO levels were the highest in the ferrous treatment, followed by nZVI and mZVI treatments; the differences in the mean SLO levels were significant (p < 0.05). The findings indicate that oral exposure to stabilized ZVI nanoparticles may induce sensory properties different from that of ferrous salt, likely predictive of diminished detection of metallic flavor by humans.
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Dietrich AM, Burlingame GA. A review: The challenge, consensus, and confusion of describing odors and tastes in drinking water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 713:135061. [PMID: 31836233 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Documentation exists for many chemicals that cause tastes and odors in water, however, water suppliers do not routinely monitor for these chemicals. Effective management of a taste-and-odor (T&O) problem in drinking water often requires good verbal description of the offending sensory experience. Experience demonstrates that obtaining verbal descriptions is challenging. To improve our understanding of communications, sensory science literature was reviewed to obtain descriptors for twenty-one chemicals acknowledged to cause T&O issues in drinking water. The review focused on pure chemicals above their odor threshold concentrations. Results reveal that descriptors follow four general categories. For select chemicals, strong consensus exists around a single or very few appropriate descriptors. Examples are "salty" for sodium and "chlorinous" for free chlorine. The next category has moderate agreement for several descriptors, with at least one major descriptor. For example the microbiological metabolite 2-methylisoborneol is most commonly described as "earthy/musty/moldy" but also "camphor, grass, and sweet". Some chemicals have weak agreement on their descriptors, but overall associate words with similar meaning. An example is the chemical toluene with descriptors of "solvent-like" words including "solvent", "gasoline", "paint-like", "cleaning fluid", and "etherish", but also "vinegar" and "sweet". The last chemical category possesses diverse descriptors with no consensus. For example, the oxylipin n-heptanal is described as "oily, fatty, chemical, musty/earthy/moldy, rancid, sweaty, grass, sickening, and stale". While descriptor diversity for select chemicals may not identify the cause of T&O, understanding that certain chemicals are perceived very differently aids in effective communications and eliminates confusion from expecting consumers or utility personnel to respond with consensus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Dietrich
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, 1145 Perry Street, 418 Durham Hall, MC 0246, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States.
| | - Gary A Burlingame
- Bureau of Laboratory Services, Philadelphia Water Department, 1500 E. Hunting Park Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19124, United States.
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14
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Chen K, Liu Y, Hu Y, Yuan M, Zheng X, Huang X. Facile synthesis of amino‐functionalized polyphosphazene microspheres and their application for highly sensitive fluorescence detection of Fe
3+. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuiyong Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLinyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLinyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Yongjian Hu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLinyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Meiyu Yuan
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringLinyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLinyi University Linyi 276005 China
| | - Xiaobin Huang
- School of Aeronautics and AstronauticsShanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dong Chuan Road Shanghai 200240 China
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15
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Preparation of pyrido[1,2-c][1,2,4]triazole-based π-conjugated triazene as a Fe3+ ion fluorescent sensor. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Su Y, Zhu Q, Li J, Wang D, Xing Z, Fang L. Fe(ii) and Mn(ii) removal by Ca(ii)–manganite (γ-MnOOH)-modified red mud granules in water. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10305-10313. [PMID: 35520885 PMCID: PMC9062367 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra00123a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a material (DLRMG) was synthesized by modifying Ca2+ and manganite (γ-MnOOH) on red mud granules (RMG), which were the main raw materials derived from industrial alumina. Moreover, a series of experiments were conducted on the adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+ in underground water. The prepared samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), zeta potential analysis, BET and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the concentration of the effluent was found to be of acceptable standard after the treatment. DLRMG continued to treat fluoride wastewater even after the saturated adsorption of Fe2+ and Mn2+, and the results clearly showed that the treatment was effective. Overall, the problems of red mud stockpile and pollution in China would be effectively controlled by DLRMG. The use of the waste of aluminum industry to prepare effective polluted materials for the treatment of underground water.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- Heilongjiang University
- China
| | - Qi Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- Heilongjiang University
- China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- Heilongjiang University
- China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- Heilongjiang University
- China
| | - Zipeng Xing
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Process & Technology for High-efficiency Conversion
- Heilongjiang University
- China
| | - Lei Fang
- School of Food Engineering
- Harbin University
- Harbin 150080
- China
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17
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Yin H, Zhang K, Wang L, Zhou K, Zeng J, Gao D, Xia Z, Fu Q. Redox modulation of polydopamine surface chemistry: a facile strategy to enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of polydopamine nanoparticles for sensitive and selective detection of Fe 3. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18064-18073. [PMID: 30229779 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05878d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles have attracted considerable attention in different research fields because of their many fascinating physicochemical properties. However, as an analogue of naturally occurring melanin, PDA nanoparticles (PDANPs) typically exhibit weak fluorescence properties. Herein, we report a facile one-pot method for synthesizing bright blue luminescent PDANPs through the redox modulation of PDA surface chemistry. The composition and morphology of the resultant NPs were systematically characterized by transmission electron microscopy and several spectroscopy methods, which verified the successful fabrication of PDANPs. More importantly, comparative chemical analysis of dopamine polymerization revealed the significant impacts of synthesis conditions and PDA surface chemistry on the luminescence properties of PDANPs. Remarkably, in addition to their excellent water-solubility, salt-tolerance and high photostability under extreme pH conditions, the as-prepared PDANPs possess the highest quantum yield (5.1%) among all the reported intrinsic fluorescent PDANPs. Moreover, based on the coordination interaction between phenolic hydroxyl groups of PDANPs and ferric ions (Fe3+), the synthesized PDANPs were successfully utilized as a turn-off sensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ without using any additional targeting molecules. Upon increasing the Fe3+ concentration in the range from 0.5 to 20 μM, the fluorescence intensity of PDANPs decreased linearly. The detection limit of Fe3+ was 0.15 μM. Finally, this fluorescent sensor was successfully used to determine Fe3+ in natural water samples, showing good prospects for practical applications and may pave the way for the development of new rational methodologies for further enhancing the intrinsic fluorescence of PDA and fabricating other novel fluorescent organic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggang Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
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18
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The impacts of water compositions on sensory properties of foods and beverages cannot be underestimated. Food Res Int 2018; 108:101-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Synthesis and characterization of cyclophane: The highly selective recognition of Fe3+ in aqueous solution and H2PO4− in acetonitrile solution. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Liao Y, Tang X, Yang Q, Chen W, Liu B, Zhao C, Zhai J, Zheng H. Characterization of an inorganic polymer coagulant and coagulation behavior for humic acid/algae-polluted water treatment: polymeric zinc–ferric–silicate–sulfate coagulant. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae and algae organic matter (AOM) are not the sole pollutants in algae-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Tang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Bingzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Zhai
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- State Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- P. R. China
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21
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Effect of iron on taste perception and emotional response of sweetened beverage under different water conditions. Food Qual Prefer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Vingerhoeds MH, Nijenhuis-de Vries MA, Ruepert N, van der Laan H, Bredie WLP, Kremer S. Sensory quality of drinking water produced by reverse osmosis membrane filtration followed by remineralisation. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 94:42-51. [PMID: 26925543 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Membrane filtration of ground, surface, or sea water by reverse osmosis results in permeate, which is almost free from minerals. Minerals may be added afterwards, not only to comply with (legal) standards and to enhance chemical stability, but also to improve the taste of drinking water made from permeate. Both the nature and the concentrations of added minerals affect the taste of the water and in turn its acceptance by consumers. The aim of this study was to examine differences in taste between various remineralised drinking waters. Samples selected varied in mineral composition, i.e. tap water, permeate, and permeate with added minerals (40 or 120 mg Ca/L, added as CaCO3, and 4 or 24 mg Mg/L added as MgCl2), as well as commercially available bottled drinking waters, to span a relevant product space in which the remineralised samples could be compared. All samples were analysed with respect to their physical-chemical properties. Sensory profiling was done by descriptive analysis using a trained panel. Significant attributes included taste intensity, the tastes bitter, sweet, salt, metal, fresh and dry mouthfeel, bitter and metal aftertaste, and rough afterfeel. Total dissolved solids (TDS) was a major determinant of the taste perception of water. In general, lowering mineral content in drinking water in the range examined (from <5 to 440 mg/L) shifted the sensory perception of water from fresh towards bitter, dry, and rough sensations. In addition, perceived freshness of the waters correlated positively with calcium concentration. The greatest fresh taste was found for water with a TDS between 190 and 350 mg/L. Remineralisation of water after reverse osmosis can improve drinking quality significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique H Vingerhoeds
- Consumer Science and Health, Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR. P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariska A Nijenhuis-de Vries
- Consumer Science and Health, Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR. P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nienke Ruepert
- Oasen Drinking Water N.V., P.O. Box 122, 2800 AC Gouda, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Wender L P Bredie
- Section for Sensory and Consumer Science, Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Stefanie Kremer
- Consumer Science and Health, Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR. P.O. Box 17, 6700AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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23
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Vijay K, Nandi C, Samant SD. Synthesis of a dihydroquinoline based fluorescent cyanine for selective, naked eye, and turn off detection of Fe3+ions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyanine dye was synthesized by condensing 6-formylated 1,2,2,4-tetramethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDQ) and 1,7-dimethyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-1-ium iodide.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Vijay
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Chemical Technology
- Mumbai-400019
- India
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24
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Pieper KJ, Krometis LAH, Gallagher DL, Benham BL, Edwards M. Incidence of waterborne lead in private drinking water systems in Virginia. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2015; 13:897-908. [PMID: 26322775 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2015.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although recent studies suggest contamination by bacteria and nitrate in private drinking water systems is of increasing concern, data describing contaminants associated with the corrosion of onsite plumbing are scarce. This study reports on the analysis of 2,146 samples submitted by private system homeowners. Almost 20% of first draw samples submitted contained lead concentrations above the United States Environmental Protection Agency action level of 15 μg/L, suggesting that corrosion may be a significant public health problem. Correlations between lead, copper, and zinc suggested brass components as a likely lead source, and dug/bored wells had significantly higher lead concentrations as compared to drilled wells. A random subset of samples selected to quantify particulate lead indicated that, on average, 47% of lead in the first draws was in the particulate form, although the occurrence was highly variable. While flushing the tap reduced lead below 15 μg/L for most systems, some systems experienced an increase, perhaps attributable to particulate lead or lead-bearing components upstream of the faucet (e.g., valves, pumps). Results suggest that without including a focus on private as well as municipal systems it will be very difficult to meet the existing national public health goal to eliminate elevated blood lead levels in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey J Pieper
- Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA E-mail:
| | - Leigh-Anne H Krometis
- Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA E-mail:
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Brian L Benham
- Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 200 Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA E-mail:
| | - Marc Edwards
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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25
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Gallagher DL, Phetxumphou K, Smiley E, Dietrich AM. Tale of two isomers: complexities of human odor perception for cis- and trans-4-methylcyclohexane methanol from the chemical spill in West Virginia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:1319-1327. [PMID: 25541902 DOI: 10.1021/es5049418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Application of gas chromatography with mass spectrometric and human olfactory "sniffer" detectors reveals the nature of odorous chemicals from an industrial chemical spill. Crude 4-methylcyclohexane methanol (4-MCHM) spilled in a river and then contaminated drinking water and air for over 300000 consumers living in West Virginia. Olfactory gas chromatography allows investigators to independently measure the odor of chemical components in a mixture. Crude 4-MCHM is comprised of several major cyclohexane components, four of which have distinct isomer pairs. The cis- and trans-4-MCHM isomers are the only components to have distinct odors at the concentrations used in this study. The trans-4-MCHM is the dominant odorant with descriptors of "licorice" and "sweet". Trans-4-MCHM has an air odor threshold concentration of 0.060 ppb-v (95% CI: 0.040-0.091). The odor threshold concentrations are not influenced by gender or age but are lower by a factor of 5 for individuals with prior exposure compared to naïve subjects. Individual trans-4-MCHM odor threshold concentrations vary by more than a factor of 100. The cis-4-MCHM isomer has approximately a 2000-fold higher odor threshold concentration, different descriptors, and an even wider individual response range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Gallagher
- Civil and Environmental Engineering 413 Durham Hall, Virginia Tech , 1145 Perry Street, MC 0246, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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26
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Dietrich AM, Burlingame GA. Critical review and rethinking of USEPA secondary standards for maintaining organoleptic quality of drinking water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:708-720. [PMID: 25517292 DOI: 10.1021/es504403t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Consumers assess their tap water primarily by its taste, odor, and appearance. Starting in 1979, USEPA promulgated Secondary Maximum Contaminant Levels (SMCLs) as guidance for contaminants with organoleptic effects and also to maintain consumers’ confidence in tap water. This review assesses the basis for the 15 SMCLs (aluminum, chloride, color, copper, corrosivity, fluoride, foaming agents, iron, manganese, odor, pH, silver, sulfate, total dissolved solids, zinc) and summarizes advances in scientific knowledge since their promulgation. SMCLs for aluminum, color, pH, silver, sulfate, total dissolved solids, and zinc are appropriate at current values and remain consistent with sensory science literature. Recent advances in sensory and health sciences indicate that SMCLs for chloride, copper, fluoride, iron, and manganese are too high to minimize organoleptic effects. The SMCLs for corrosivity and foaming agents may be outdated. The SMCL for odor requires rethinking as the test does not correlate with consumer complaints. Since current stresses on source and treated waters include chemical spills, algal blooms, and increased salinization, organoleptic episodes that negatively impact consumer confidence and perception of tap water still occur and may increase. Thus, adherence to SMCLs can help maintain production of palatable water along with consumers’ confidence in their water providers.
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27
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Zou HY, Lan J, Huang CZ. Dopamine derived copper nanocrystals used as an efficient sensing, catalysis and antibacterial agent. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06240c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study developed an innovative and effective method to synthesize highly luminescent dopamine-derived copper nanocrystals (CuNCs) with multifunctional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Jing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University)
- Ministry of Education
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Southwest University
- Chongqing
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28
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Dietrich AM, Phetxumphou K, Gallagher DL. Systematic tracking, visualizing, and interpreting of consumer feedback for drinking water quality. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 66:63-74. [PMID: 25181617 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Consumer feedback and complaints provide utilities with useful data about consumer perceptions of aesthetic water quality in the distribution system. This research provides a systematic approach to interpret consumer complaint water quality data provided by four water utilities that recorded consumer complaints, but did not routinely process the data. The utilities tended to write down a myriad of descriptors that were too numerous or contained a variety of spellings so that electronic "harvesting" was not possible and much manual labor was required to categorize the complaints into majors areas, such as suggested by the Drinking Water Taste and Odor Wheel or existing check-sheets. When the consumer complaint data were categorized and visualized using spider (or radar) and run-time plots, major taste, odor, and appearance patterns emerged that clarified the issue and could provide guidance to the utility on the nature and extent of the problem. A caveat is that while humans readily identify visual issues with the water, such as color, cloudiness, or rust, describing specific tastes and odors in drinking water is acknowledged to be much more difficult for humans to achieve without training. This was demonstrated with two utility groups and a group of consumers identifying the odors of orange, 2-methylisoborneol, and dimethyl trisulfide. All three groups readily and succinctly identified the familiar orange odor. The two utility groups were much more able to identify the musty odor of 2-methylisoborneol, which was likely familiar to them from their work with raw and finished water. Dimethyl trisulfide, a garlic-onion odor associated with sulfur compounds in drinking water, was the least familiar to all three groups, although the laboratory staff did best. These results indicate that utility personnel should be tolerant of consumers who can assuredly say the water is different, but cannot describe the problem. Also, it indicates that a T&O program at a utility would benefit from identification of aesthetic issues in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Dietrich
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0246, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Tech, 360 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Katherine Phetxumphou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0246, USA
| | - Daniel L Gallagher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0246, USA
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29
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Zhang J, Yuan Y, Yu ZL, Yu A, Yu SH. Selective detection of ferric ions by blue-green photoluminescent nitrogen-doped phenol formaldehyde resin polymer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:3662-3666. [PMID: 24863556 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201303461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The smaller, the more fluorescent: The hydrothermal reaction of phenol with hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) leads to two morphologies of phenol formaldehyde resin (PFR), namely, bigger nanoparticles with feeble green fluorescence and smaller amorphous polymers with strong blue-green fluorescence. It reveals that both of them are doped with nitrogen, and the blue-green photoluminescent polymer is confirmed to sense ferric ion (Fe(3+) ) with high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
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30
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Amrose SE, Bandaru SRS, Delaire C, van Genuchten CM, Dutta A, DebSarkar A, Orr C, Roy J, Das A, Gadgil AJ. Electro-chemical arsenic remediation: field trials in West Bengal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 488-489:539-46. [PMID: 24355249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people in rural South Asia are exposed to high levels of arsenic through groundwater used for drinking. Many deployed arsenic remediation technologies quickly fail because they are not maintained, repaired, accepted, or affordable. It is therefore imperative that arsenic remediation technologies be evaluated for their ability to perform within a sustainable and scalable business model that addresses these challenges. We present field trial results of a 600 L Electro-Chemical Arsenic Remediation (ECAR) reactor operating over 3.5 months in West Bengal. These results are evaluated through the lens of a community scale micro-utility business model as a potential sustainable and scalable safe water solution for rural communities in South Asia. We demonstrate ECAR's ability to consistently reduce arsenic concentrations of ~266 μg/L to <5 μg/L in real groundwater, simultaneously meeting the international standards for iron and aluminum in drinking water. ECAR operating costs (amortized capital plus consumables) are estimated as $0.83-$1.04/m(3) under realistic conditions. We discuss the implications of these results against the constraints of a sustainable and scalable business model to argue that ECAR is a promising technology to help provide a clean water solution in arsenic-affected areas of South Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Amrose
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Siva R S Bandaru
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Caroline Delaire
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Case M van Genuchten
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Amit Dutta
- Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Anupam DebSarkar
- Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Christopher Orr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Joyashree Roy
- Department of Economics and Global Change Programme, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Economics, Kandi Raj College, Kandi, Murshidabad, West Bengal, India
| | - Ashok J Gadgil
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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31
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Mirlohi S, Duncan SE, Harmon M, Case D, Lesser G, Dietrich AM. Analysis of salivary fluid and chemosensory functions in patients treated for primary malignant brain tumors. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:127-37. [PMID: 24595687 PMCID: PMC4156565 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1211-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The frequency and causes of chemosensory (taste and smell) disorders in cancer patients remain under-reported. This study examined the impact of cancer therapy on taste/smell functions and salivary constituents in brain tumor patients. Materials and methods Twenty-two newly diagnosed patients with primary malignant gliomas underwent 6 weeks of combined modality treatment (CMD) with radiation and temozolomide followed by six monthly cycles of temozolomide. Chemosensory functions were assessed at 0, 3, 6, 10, 18, and 30 weeks with paired samples of saliva collected before and after an oral rinse with ferrous-spiked water. Iron (Fe)-induced oxidative stress was measured by salivary lipid oxidation (SLO); salivary proteins, electrolytes, and metals were determined. Parallel salivary analyses were performed on 22 healthy subjects. Results Chemosensory complaints of cancer patients increased significantly during treatment (p = 0.04) except at 30 weeks. Fe-induced SLO increased at 10 and 18 weeks. When compared with healthy subjects, SLO, total protein, Na, K, Cu, P, S, and Mg levels, as averaged across all times, were significantly higher (p < 0.05), whereas salivary Zn, Fe, and oral pH levels were significantly lower in cancer patients (p < 0.05). Neither time nor treatment had a significant impact on these salivary parameters in cancer patients. Conclusions Impact of CMT treatment on chemosensory functions can range from minimal to moderate impairment. Analysis of SLO, metals, and total protein do not provide for reliable measures of chemosensory dysfunctions over time. Clinical relevance Taste and smell functions are relevant in health and diseases; study of salivary constituents may provide clues on the causes of their dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Mirlohi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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32
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Feng X, Knowlton KF, Dietrich AD, Duncan S. Effect of abomasal ferrous lactate infusion on phosphorus absorption in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:4586-91. [PMID: 23660146 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ferrous lactate infusion on postruminal P absorption in lactating dairy cows. Four ruminally cannulated lactating cows were used in a 4×4 Latin square design with 14 d per period. Cows were fed a basal diet containing 0.39% P, providing 100% of the calculated P requirement. On d 8 to 14 of each period, each cow was infused with 0, 200, 500, or 1,250mg of Fe/d in the form of ferrous lactate solution (ferrous lactate in 1L of double-distilled water) into the abomasum. Infusate was formulated to approximate 0, 2, 5, or 12.5mg of Fe/L in drinking water with 100L of water intake/d. Total fecal collection was conducted in the last 4 d of each period to measure nutrient digestion and excretion. Dry matter intake, milk yield, and milk composition were not affected by treatment. Digestibility of DM, NDF, and nitrogen decreased linearly with increasing ferrous lactate infusion. Infusion of ferrous lactate did not affect intake and digestibility of total P, inorganic P, or phytate P. In lactating cows, P absorption was not negatively influenced by abomasally infused ferrous lactate up to 1,250mg of Fe/d.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Feng
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Annie Ho JA, Chang HC, Su WT. DOPA-Mediated Reduction Allows the Facile Synthesis of Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters for Use as Sensing Probes for Ferric Ions. Anal Chem 2012; 84:3246-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ja-an Annie Ho
- BioAnalytical and Nanobiomedicinal
Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt
Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Heng-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu
Road, Hsinchu, 30013 Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Su
- BioAnalytical and Nanobiomedicinal
Laboratory, Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt
Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
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