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Wang R, Yao J, Dai J, Pan Y, Tang J. On-site evaluation of DGT passive sampling for quantitatively measuring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in a river-estuary-sea water system. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 264:122203. [PMID: 39128203 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The passive sampling technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) is promising for monitoring emerging contaminants such as per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). It is urgent to evaluate the impacts of salinity and exposure time on DGT sampling before it can be set as a standard method. Herein, DGT sampler based on the binding gel of weak anion exchanger (WAX) resin was deployed in a representative water system of the Xiaoqing river-estuary-sea for representative sampling windows (<1 day to 28 days) with high pH (8.18 ± 0.04 to 8.51 ± 0.17) and wide ranges of salinity (0.95 ± 0.07‰ to 14.37 ± 3.92‰), total dissolved solids (1.20 ± 0.09 g/L to 15.29 ± 3.91 g/L) and dissolved organic matter (2.8-32 mg/L). The results showed that the WAX-DGT sampler exhibited good performance for most target PFAS except for short-chain perfluorocarboxylates (C ≤ 5) in 14 days. When the exposure time was over 14 days, biofouling of the sampler may deflect the mass accumulation of the PFAS in the sampler. Salinity played an important role in the mass binding of PFAS by DGT. The shorter the carbon chain of the compound, the greater the influence of the salinity. PFAS with carboxyl groups had greater affinities for the biofouled membrane filter than those with sulfonic groups. In the river-estuary-sea system, where PFAS concentrations changed dynamically, the temporal resolution of the monitoring strategy has been demonstrated to be more important than spatial resolution. DGT provided a better integral of PFAS exposure than grab sampling in the dynamic water system and offered equivalent sensitivity of grab sampling with exposure time <10 d and greater sensitivity with exposure time ≥10 d. Thus, DGT has the advantage of providing high temporal resolution monitoring. This study provided support for the standardization of the DGT technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, PR China.
| | - Jingzhi Yao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jiayin Dai
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yitao Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Jianhui Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai Shandong, 264003, PR China; Pinglu Canal and Beibu Gulf Coastal Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Oinzhou 535011, PR China.
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Mukhametzianova G, Wagner S, Eskinja M, Moshtaghi M, Mori G, Prohaska T. Mapping elemental solutes at sub-picogram levels during aqueous corrosion of Al alloys using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with LA-ICP-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:3373-3388. [PMID: 38625560 PMCID: PMC11106204 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
A novel approach using diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) with laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for two-dimensional mapping of elemental solute release at sub-picogram levels during aqueous corrosion of Al alloys is presented. Evaluation of different DGT gels with mixed micro-sized binding phases (polyacrylamide-Chelex-Metsorb, polyurethane (PU)-Chelex-Metsorb, PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4) demonstrated the superior performance of PU gels due to their tear-proof handling, low shrinkage, and compliance with green chemistry. DGT devices containing PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4 gels, which have not been characterized for Al sampling before, showed quantitative uptake of Al, Zn, and Cu solutes over time (t = 4-48 h) with higher Al capacity (ΓDGT = 6.25 µg cm-2) than different gels. Application of PU-Chelex-Zr(OH)4 gels on a high-strength Al-Cu alloy (Al2219) exposed to NaCl (w = 1.5%, pH = 4.5, T = 21 °C) for 15 min in a novel piston-type configuration revealed reproducible patterns of Al and Zn co-solubilization with a spatial expansion ranging between 50 and 1000 µm. This observation, together with complementary solid-state data from secondary electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, showed the presence of localized pitting corrosion at the material surface. Detection limits for total solute masses of Al, Zn, and Cu were ≤0.72 pg, ≤8.38 pg, and ≤0.12 pg, respectively, for an area of 0.01 mm2, demonstrating the method's unique capability to localize and quantify corrosion processes at ultra-trace levels and high resolution. Our study advances the assessment of Al alloy degradation in aqueous environments, supporting the design of corrosion-resistant materials for fostering technological safety and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulnaz Mukhametzianova
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Metallurgy in Advanced Steelmaking, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria.
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Inclusion Metallurgy in Advanced Steelmaking, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Montanuniversität Leoben, Leoben, Austria.
| | - Magdalena Eskinja
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Masoud Moshtaghi
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
- Laboratory of Steel Structures, LUT University, P.O. Box 20, 53851, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Gregor Mori
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- Department of General, Analytical and Physical Chemistry, Chair of General and Analytical Chemistry, Montanuniversität Leoben, Franz-Josef-Strasse 18, 8700, Leoben, Austria
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Lin H, Li M, Zhu Y, Lan W, Feng Q, Ding S, Li T, Wang Y, Duan Y, Wei J, Li M. Development and validation of the DGT technique using the novel cryogel for measuring dissolved Hg(II) in the estuary. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 182:105773. [PMID: 36283212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The complex seawater matrix has significantly influenced the determination of estuarine dissolved Hg(II), hindering its monitoring and risk assessment in maricultural areas. In this work, SiO2-SH-DGT assembled by the sulfhydryl-modified silica cryogel (SiO2-SH cryogel) as the novel binding phase was developed to tackle this problem. The uniform dispersion of the cryogel into binding gel was advantageous for achieving remarkable and comparable capacity, which endowed the estimated diffusion coefficient (D) to be 1.39-3.08 times of the existing research. The SiO2-SH-DGT performance was independent of pH (3-9), ionic strength (10-800 mM), fulvic acid at low content, and seawater matrix (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-), but the high content of Mg2+ did interfere with the Hg(II) accumulation, which manifested as competitive adsorption and diffusion. Therefore, the calibrated model was established by calibrating accumulated mass (M') and diffusion coefficient (D') based on the Mg2+ concentration, its high accuracy was further verified in the lab. Finally, SiO2-SH-DGT was deployed in the three typical aquaculture areas in Beibu Gulf, field trials achieved the actual Hg(II) level to be 1.52-5.38 ng/L with consideration of the diffusion boundary layer. The finding could provide new thought and technical support for metal pollution monitoring in estuary maricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Lin
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
| | - Mingzhi Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenlu Lan
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Guangxi, Beihai, China
| | - Qingge Feng
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China; Guangxi Universities Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shiming Ding
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianshen Li
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Guangxi, Beihai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junqi Wei
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingen Li
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Wang Z, Liu X, Liang X, Dai L, Li Z, Liu R, Zhao Y. Flooding-drainage regulate the availability and mobility process of Fe, Mn, Cd, and As at paddy soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152898. [PMID: 35031365 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Speciation changes in Fe and Mn during the soil flooding-drainage process strongly affect the Cd and As bioavailability in paddy soils. However, owing to a lack of in-situ dynamic monitoring technology, the regularity and mechanism of synergetic changes in Fe, Mn, Cd, and As in paddy soils have not been sufficiently studied. Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) were used to investigate the dissolution/transformation process of FeMn oxides and their effects on the bioavailability of Cd and As in three contaminated paddy fields that underwent incubated flooding for 40 d followed by a 20 d oxidation period. In-situ monitoring showed that the labile Cd concentrations decreased rapidly upon flooding but bioavailability of As increased significantly, with As and Cd concentrations largely depending upon Fe (II) content. We discovered that the transformation pathway of Iron Oxide-LDH (FeII-FeIII)-Goethite was the key process in reducing the activity of soil Cd. A higher Mn/Fe ratio and lower organic matter content delayed the Fe reduction process, which subsequently delayed Cd immobilization. Mobilization of Cd upon soil drainage was caused by a decrease in soil pH resulting in the release of Cd from secondary minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Xuefeng Liang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Lihong Dai
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Technical Centre for Soil, Agriculture and Rural Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rongle Liu
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Factors Control of Agro-product Quality Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China; Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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Recent nanomaterials development and application in diffusive gradients in thin-film devices. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-02012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rodrigo Sanz M, Millán Gabet V, Gonzalez JL. Inputs of Total and Labile Dissolved Metals from Six Facilities Continuously Discharging Treated Wastewaters to the Marine Environment of Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111582. [PMID: 34770100 PMCID: PMC8583637 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of ten metals (Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Al, Fe, Mn, and Co) was investigated in the final discharge of six facilities, including four wastewater treatment plants, which were continuously discharging treated wastewater to the coastal environment in Gran Canaria Island. A four-day sampling campaign was carried out at each facility in July 2020, in which both the spot samplings technique and the diffusive gradient in thin-film technique (DGT) were carried out to measure total dissolved metals and the in situ labile metal fraction, respectively. After the necessary sample preparation steps, measurements were carried out by ICP-MS for both samplings. Raw data referred to the spot total dissolved and DGT-labile metal concentrations were reported. In general, the average metal concentrations were dispersed in a broad range. As expected, the highest metal contents were found in those facilities with larger industrial contributions. The values of annual average environmental quality standards (AA-EQS) were used to assess the total dissolved metal concentrations for every metal in every final discharge. In only one of the studied facilities, some metals (Ni and Zn) exceeded these EQS within the receiving waterbody, highlighting the need for more efficient treatment targeted towards a specific discharging-water quality. In addition, the total dissolved and labile metal daily fluxes of discharge were calculated to estimate the contribution of every effluent to the receiving water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rodrigo Sanz
- Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35019 Santa Lucía, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +34-928-727-524 (M.R.S.)
| | - Vanessa Millán Gabet
- Water Department, Instituto Tecnológico de Canarias (ITC), Pozo Izquierdo, s/n, 35019 Santa Lucía, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.R.S.); (V.M.G.); Tel.: +34-928-727-524 (M.R.S.)
| | - Jean-Louis Gonzalez
- Unit of Biogeochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), 83507 La Seyne-sur-Mer, France;
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Huang J, Hills J, Teasdale PR, Panther JG, Wang F, Welsh DT. Evaluation of the Chelex-DGT technique for the measurement of rare earth elements in the porewater of estuarine and arine sediments. Talanta 2021; 230:122315. [PMID: 33934780 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the validation of a diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) technique for determining lanthanide rare earth elements (REEs) and in situ measurements of REEs in sediment pore waters. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that Chelex-100 binding layers had uptake efficiencies ranging from 78.0% to 92.3% for all REEs. An eluent of 1 mol L-1 HNO3 was optimal with elution efficiencies >80% for all REEs. Mass versus time experiments confirmed that DGT uptake was linear for all REEs at pH 8.1, 6.6 and 3.9 over a period of 3-4 days. Diffusion coefficients (D) for all REEs were derived from these experiments using the slopes of the linear regressions. D values varied with pH but were generally similar to values reported previously. The Chelex-100 DGT technique from this study is highly sensitive for the measurement of REE concentrations with detection limits ranging from 1.8 to 45 ng L-1 based on 72 h deployments allowing measurements of natural trace REE levels. Chelex-100 DGT devices were deployed in estuarine and marine sediments over a period of 72 h and most REE porewater concentrations (50-10,410 ng L-1) were successfully measured. Individual depth profiles of REEs showed a complex response, with many peaks and troughs suggesting a high degree of sediment heterogeneity. Depth-averaged REE concentrations showed a typical zig-zag distribution, although patterns varied between sediment types, after the REEs were normalised using the Queensland Mud Composite shale reference. The Chelex-100 DGT technique therefore shows promise for REE measurements in sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyin Huang
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, University of South Australia, UniSA, SA, 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia.
| | - Jodie Hills
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Scarce Resources and Circular Economy (ScaRCE), STEM, University of South Australia, UniSA, SA, 5095, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Jared G Panther
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4215, Australia
| | - Feiyue Wang
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - David T Welsh
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, SA, 5095, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD, 4215, Australia
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Diviš P, Reichstädter M, Gao Y, Leermakers M, Křikala J. Determination of Mercury in Fish Sauces by Thermal Decomposition Gold Amalgamation Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after Preconcentration by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films Technique. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121858. [PMID: 33322820 PMCID: PMC7764611 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of mercury in food presents a challenge for analytical chemists. Sample pre-treatment and the preconcentration of mercury prior to measurement are required, even when highly sensitive analytical methods are used. In this work, the Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films technique (DGT), combined with thermal decomposition gold amalgamation atomic absorption spectrometry (TDA-AAS), was investigated for the determination of the total dissolved mercury in fish sauces. Moreover, a new type of binding gel with Purolite S924 resin was used in DGT. Linearity assays for DGT provided determination coefficients around 0.995. Repeatability tests showed a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. pH values in the range of 3–6, as well as NaCl concentrations up to 50 g·L−1, did not affect the performance of DGT. The effective diffusion coefficient of mercury in five-fold diluted fish sauce was determined to be (3.42 ± 0.23)·10−6 cm2·s−1. Based on the 24 h deployment time of DGT, the limit of detection (LOD) for the investigated method was 0.071 µg·L−1. The proposed method, which combines DGT and TDA-AAS, allows for the analysis of fish sauces with mercury concentrations below the LOD of TDA-AAS, and significantly reduces the wear and corrosion of the TDA-AAS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Diviš
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-149-454
| | - Marek Reichstädter
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (J.K.)
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geo-Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (Y.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Jakub Křikala
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.R.); (J.K.)
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Xie F, Li L, Sun X, Hu T, Song K, Giesy JP, Wang Q. A novel Mg(OH) 2 binding layer-based DGT technique for measuring phosphorus in water and sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:340-349. [PMID: 31934690 DOI: 10.1039/c9em00508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) have gained wide attention for in situ measurement of reactive phosphorus species (PO4) in natural water, sediments and potentially soils. In this study, a novel Mg(OH)2 binding gel was formed using magnesium hydroxide obtained by in situ hydration of calcined magnesium oxide. Laboratory scale experiments showed that the novel Mg(OH)2 gel had a homogeneous dispersion of fine particles of Mg(OH)2 with a particle size of 2-5 μm. With 10 mL of 2.0 mol L-1 NaOH as the eluting agent, the optimal elution efficiency of PO4 on the Mg(OH)2 gel was 72 ± 5%. There were linear relationships between the accumulated PO4 mass and the applied PO4 concentration (0.1 to 20 mg P per L), time (0 to 24 h) and temperature (22 to 40 °C). The capacity of the Mg(OH)2 binding layer was determined to be 99.5 μg P per disc. Tests in synthetic seawater, Chaohu Lake and Yihai Pond confirmed that Mg(OH)2-DGT was able to accurately measure phosphorus up to 10 days. This was indicated by the good agreements between the concentrations measured by DGT (CDGT) technology and by an ex situ chemical method in solution (Csoln), with a CDGT/Csoln ratio between 0.91 and 1.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhi Xie
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Lab of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- State Key Lab of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Tingting Hu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei, China
| | - Kang Song
- State Key Lab of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - John P Giesy
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences and Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3, Canada and Department of Zoology and Centre for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Qilin Wang
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Laera A, Buzier R, Guibaud G, Esposito G, van Hullebusch ED. Distribution trend of trace elements in digestate exposed to air: Laboratory-scale investigations using DGT-based fractionation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 238:159-165. [PMID: 30851554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of digestate as amendment for agricultural soils has already been proposed as an alternative to mineral fertilizers or undigested organic matter. However, little information is available concerning the effect of digestate atmospheric exposure on trace elements speciation and, consequently, on their mobility and bio-accessibility when digestate is stored in open tanks or handled before land spreading. In this study, we investigated at laboratory-scale the effect of digestate aeration on the distribution of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se and W using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT)-based fractionation. For this purpose, experiments were performed to assess the variation in distribution between the labile, soluble and particulate fractions over time in digested sewage sludge during passive and forced aeration. Results showed that aeration promoted a dissolution of Al, As, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Pb, suggesting a possible increase in their mobility that may likely occur during storage in open tanks or handling before land spreading. Labile elements' fraction increased only during forced aeration (except for Fe and Mn), suggesting that their short-term bio-accessibility can increase only after significant aeration as the one assumed to occur when land spreading takes place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Laera
- University of Paris-Est, Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (EA 4508), UPEM, 77454, Marne-la-Vallée, France; University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Rémy Buzier
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France.
| | - Gilles Guibaud
- University of Limoges, PEIRENE, Equipe Développement d'indicateurs ou prévision de la qualité des eaux, URA IRSTEA, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges Cedex, France
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- University of Napoli "Federico II", Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, via Claudio 21, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eric D van Hullebusch
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, UMR 7154, CNRS, F-75005, Paris, France
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Tan F, Jiang X, Qiao X, Sun D, Gao J, Quan X, Chen J, Ren S, Wang Y. Development of cerium oxide-based diffusive gradients in thin films technique for in-situ measurement of dissolved inorganic arsenic in waters. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1052:65-72. [PMID: 30685043 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) method using a new high-capacity cerium oxide (CeO2) binding gel, for the first time, was developed for measuring dissolved inorganic arsenic in freshwater and seawater. The capacities of the new CeO2 binding gel were 682 μg and 375 μg for AsIII and AsV, respectively. The masses of AsIII and AsV accumulated by CeO2-DGT device increased linearly with time and agreed well with the theoretical value calculated by DGT equation. The arsenic accumulation by CeO2-DGT was independent of pH (4.05-9.04) and ionic strength (0.1-750 mM), and common anions including CO32-, SO42-, Cl- and PO43- had no obvious interference. CeO2-DGT showed excellent long-term deployment performance in freshwater and synthetic seawater. Field trials with CeO2-DGT achieved successfully the time-weighted-average concentrations of total inorganic arsenic in reservoir water (1.38 ± 0.09 μg/L) and coastal seawater (0.45 ± 0.06 μg/L). The results were comparable to those measured by grab sampling. The proposed method was reliable and robust for in-situ measurements of dissolved inorganic arsenic in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xianliang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Dalian Hydrological Bureau of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinsuo Gao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xie Quan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Suyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Gorny J, Gourgiotis A, Coppin F, Février L, Zhang H, Simonucci C. Better understanding and applications of ammonium 12-molybdophosphate-based diffusive gradient in thin film techniques for measuring Cs in waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:1994-2006. [PMID: 30465239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study deals with further and systematic laboratory evaluation of the already known ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP)-diffusive gradient in thin film (DGT) method, which is used for measuring total Cs concentration in environmental waters. This study confirms that the AMP-binding gel is not stable for pH > 6. In order to reveal a potential impact of AMP degradation on DGT application, time-series experiments were performed by deploying AMP-DGT samplers in Cs-doped moderately basic soft and hard water up to total AMP-binding gel degradation (60 and 175 h of deployment time, respectively). Linear accumulation of Cs by AMP-DGT samplers was observed up to 48 and 58 h in hard and soft waters, respectively. For this deployment time range, AMP-DGT measured over 77 ± 10 and 94 ± 16% of total Cs concentration in hard and soft water, respectively. The difference in DGT response was attributed to Ca2+ and Mg2+ competition reducing the uptake of AMP-DGT samplers in hard water. Shrinkage of agarose-polyacrylamide diffusive gel was experimentally observed only in hard water due to more intensive AMP-binding gel degradation in hard water. Even if the AMP-DGT response was not impacted in this study, it is recommended to use agarose hydrogel as standard diffusive gel. Based on the experience obtained from this detailed validation process, the authors propose a number of key requirements that need to be considered when developing DGT devices, with testing the performance over longer deployment times being critical. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josselin Gorny
- PSE-ENV, SEDRE, LELI, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), rue de la redoute, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France.
| | - Alkiviadis Gourgiotis
- PSE-ENV, SEDRE, LELI, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), rue de la redoute, 92262, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fréderic Coppin
- PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Laureline Février
- PSE-ENV, SRTE, LR2T, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Cadarache, France
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Caroline Simonucci
- PSE-ENV, SIRSE, LER-NORD, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
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13
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Ren S, Tao J, Tan F, Cui Y, Li X, Chen J, He X, Wang Y. Diffusive gradients in thin films based on MOF-derived porous carbon binding gel for in-situ measurement of antibiotics in waters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:482-490. [PMID: 30029123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) can achieve the time-weighted-average (TWA) concentrations of analytes in the period of deployment. Here we developed an approach based on DGT with a novel binding gel using porous carbon material (PCM) derived from metal-organic framework (MOF) for in-situ measurement of antibiotics in water samples. The diffusion coefficients of 20 antibiotics (nine sulfonamides, ten fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim) in agarose diffusive gel were 1.41 × 10-6 cm2/s to 4.75 × 10-6 cm2/s at 25 °C. The capacity of PCM binding gel toward the antibiotics was ~100 μg per gel disc. The masses of the antibiotics accumulated by PCM-based DGT increased linearly with time, and they were almost independent of pH (4.2-8.4) and ionic strength (1-500 mM). The performance of the novel DGT was evaluated using freshwater and synthetic seawater spiked with the antibiotics in laboratory. The results showed good agreement with the theoretical predications except sulfacetamide. The detection limits achieved by the DGT with three devices together for deploying up to seven days were 1.0-18.0 ng/L. Field deployment in municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent and seawater showed that the TWA concentrations of antibiotics were 3.8-1342.5 ng/L and 5.6-43.3 ng/L, respectively, which were comparable to those measured by grab sampling. The proposed DGT was an efficient tool for the measurement of antibiotics in environmental waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Anshan Normal College, Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Anshan 114005, China
| | - Feng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Ying Cui
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xin He
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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14
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Feng Z, Wang N, He M, Yang L, Wang Y, Sun T. Simultaneous sampling of dissolved orthophosphate and ammonium in freshwaters using diffusive gradients in thin films with a mixed binding phase. Talanta 2018; 186:176-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Improving elution strategies for Chelex®-DGT passive samplers. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:7183-7189. [PMID: 29026944 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Elution of Chelex® binding layers, commonly used for the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT), is recognized as the most important contributor to the uncertainty of DGT measurements. Limiting uncertainty requires the use of optimized procedures and suitable elution recoveries (f e ). This work therefore investigated elution robustness to propose improved strategies. A wide range of conditions were investigated for the main elution parameters (Chelex® particle size, elution time, Chelex® loading, and eluent concentration and volume) on Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cr(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II), and Zn(II). Results showed that the choice of elution conditions should be a compromise driven by study constrains in terms of accuracy, repeatability, sensitivity, and targeted elements. Using experimentally determined recoveries should improve accuracy by approximately 5 to 10% compared to the use of recoveries from the literature. Fast elution of 1 h can be achieved without significant loss of recovery and repeatability except for Cr(III) (8 h minimum). Elution recovery depended on Chelex® loading for Zn and Cr and introducing recoveries adapted to the loading could improve accuracy up to, respectively, 11 and 27%. When standard recoveries are used, a 0.85 f e value would be more appropriate than the common value of 0.8 to minimize inaccuracy (except for Cr). Some flexibility can be applied to elution conditions without a significant change in recovery for most elements: HNO3 concentration of 1-15 M, volume of 1-2 mL, duration of 8-48 h. Cr(III) was unique in its sensitivity to elution condition variations; thus, choice is more restricted for this element. Graphical abstract Decisional tree for choosing elution procedure and recoveries for Chelex®-DGT.
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16
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Shiva AH, Teasdale PR, Welsh DT, Bennett WW. Evaluation of the DGT technique for selective measurement of aluminium and trace metal concentrations in an acid drainage-impacted coastal waterway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2017; 19:742-751. [PMID: 28426038 DOI: 10.1039/c6em00276e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The performance of DGT-Chelex, DGT-Metsorb and DGT-MBL (Chelex-Metsorb mixed binding layer) with open and restricted diffusive layers for trace metal (Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) and oxyanion (As, Mo, Sb, V) measurements, was evaluated in four natural waters with different pH (range 3.29-7.81). In moderately acidic (pH ≈ 5) and circumneutral (pH ≈ 6.3) waters, all three binding layers measured relatively similar concentrations of Al, while in more alkaline waters (pH ≈ 8) DGT-MBL measured higher concentrations than the other two binding layers. The measurements of DGT-Chelex and DGT-MBL for Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, and DGT-Metsorb and DGT-MBL for As, Sb and V were within 82-119% and not statistically different (p > 0.05) over the pH range 5-8. Mn measurements by DGT-Chelex and DGT-MBL were quite similar (95%) at pH 6.3, while DGT-MBL measured higher concentrations than DGT-Chelex at other pHs. The ratios of measured concentrations with different diffusive layers (Crestricted/Copen) were between 0.78 and 1.12 for all binding layers and no statistical differences (p > 0.05) were observed, except for Al at pH 7.81 and Cu at pH 6.28. DGT-MBL was comparable to DGT-Chelex for the measurement of most trace metals, and to DGT-Metsorb for the measurement of most oxyanions, over the pH range 5.05-7.81. Overall, DGT-MBL is superior to the other tested binding layers because it can simultaneously measure cations and anions, and accurately measure dissolved Al, across the greatest range of environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Houshang Shiva
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
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17
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Estrada ES, Juhel G, Han P, Kelly BC, Lee WK, Bayen S. Multi-tool assessment of trace metals in mangroves combining sediment and clam sampling, DGT passive samplers and caged mussels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 574:847-857. [PMID: 27665445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The rapid loss of mangroves globally has triggered a call for a better understanding of this habitat, including its dynamics and the threats it is exposed to. The present paper reports the study of trace metals at nine mangrove sites in Singapore in 2012/2013, using the simultaneous application of various tools, namely sediment analyses, the technique of diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) and caged/native bivalves (for both chemical and biomarker analyses). DGT devices were successfully deployed over 28days in tropical mangrove waters, and the concentration measured with DGT showed significant correlation with the accumulation for Cu, Zn and Cd in caged mussels, and Cu for native clams, supporting the relevance of DGT to predict metal bioaccumulation. Concentrations in mangrove sediment are reported for As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Sediment levels on a dry weight (dw) basis of Cu (ND-219.5μg/g dw) and Zn (ND-502μg/g dw) exceeded general sediment quality criteria at two sites. Most notably for these two metals, investigations based on the four tools (DGT, sediments, caged mussels and clams) were all able to segregate sites above and below the sediment quality guideline. This was further supported by a range of significant linear correlations between the measurements obtained with the various tools. The present findings support that these monitoring tools are comparable in the field to provide a time-integrated assessment of metals such as Cu and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvagris Segovia Estrada
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Juhel
- Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Han
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Barry C Kelly
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Kit Lee
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stéphane Bayen
- Singapore-Delft Water Alliance, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Canada.
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18
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A nanoparticulate liquid binding phase based DGT device for aquatic arsenic measurement. Talanta 2016; 160:225-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Drozdzak J, Leermakers M, Gao Y, Phrommavanh V, Descostes M. Novel speciation method based on Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films for in situ measurement of uranium in the vicinity of the former uranium mining sites. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 214:114-123. [PMID: 27070846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) technique using PIWBA resin (The Dow Chemical Company) was developed and validated for the measurement of uranium (U) concentration in natural and uranium mining influenced waters. The U uptake on the PIWBA resin gel was 97.3 ± 0.4% (batch method; Vsol = 5 mL; [U] = 20 μg L(-1); 0.01 M NaNO3; pH = 7.0 ± 0.2). The optimal eluent was found to be HNO3conc/70 °C with an elution efficiency of 88.9 ± 1.4%. The laboratory DGT investigation demonstrated that the PIWBA resin gel exhibits a very good performance across a wide range of pH (3-9) and ionic strength (0.001-0.7 M NaNO3) at different time intervals. Neither effect of PO4(3-) (up to 1.72 × 10(-4) M), nor of HCO3(-) (up to 8.20 × 10(-3) M) on the quantitative measurement of uranium by DGT-PIWBA method were observed. Only at very high Ca(2+) (2.66 × 10(-4) M), and SO4(2-) (5.55 × 10(-4) M) concentration, the U uptake on DGT-PIWBA was appreciably lessened. In-situ DGT field evaluation was carried out in the vicinity of three former uranium mining sites in France (Loire-Atlantique and Herault departments), which employ different water treatment technologies and have different natural geochemical characteristics. There was a similar or inferior U uptake on DGT-Chelex(®)-100 in comparison with the U accumulation on a DGT-PIWBA sampler. Most likely, the performance of Chelex(®)-100 was negatively affected by a highly complex matrix of mining waters. The high concentration and identity of co-accumulating analytes, typical for the mining environment, did not have a substantial impact on the quantitative uptake of labile U species on DGT- PIWBA. The use of the polyphenol impregnated anion exchange resin leads to a significant advancement in the application and development of the DGT technique for determination of U in the vicinity of the former uranium mining sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Drozdzak
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Martine Leermakers
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yue Gao
- Analytical, Environmental and Geochemistry (AMGC), Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vannapha Phrommavanh
- AREVA Mines, R&D Dpt., Tour AREVA, 1 Place Jean Millier, 92084 Paris La Défense, France
| | - Michael Descostes
- AREVA Mines, R&D Dpt., Tour AREVA, 1 Place Jean Millier, 92084 Paris La Défense, France
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20
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Uranium aqueous speciation in the vicinity of the former uranium mining sites using the diffusive gradients in thin films and ultrafiltration techniques. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 913:94-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Shiva AH, Bennett WW, Welsh DT, Teasdale PR. In situ evaluation of DGT techniques for measurement of trace metals in estuarine waters: a comparison of four binding layers with open and restricted diffusive layers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2016; 18:51-63. [PMID: 26678534 DOI: 10.1039/c5em00550g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Four different DGT binding layers were used to make selective measurements of trace metals in coastal waters within The Broadwater (Gold Coast, Queensland). Chelex and PAMPAA (polyacrylamide-polyacrylic acid) binding layers were used to measure cations (Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), and Metsorb was used to measure anions (Al, As, Mo, Sb, V, W). A mixed binding layer (MBL) containing both Chelex and Metsorb was used to measure each of the trace metals and determine diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thicknesses. DGT measurements that were not corrected for the DBL thickness (0.049-0.087) were underestimated by 70% on average. Good agreement was observed between DGT-MBL and DGT-Chelex for measurement of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn, and between DGT-MBL and DGT-Metsorb for As, Sb and V. DGT-MBL measured significantly higher concentrations for Mn (compared with DGT-Chelex) and Al (compared with DGT-Metsorb). DGT-Chelex measured only 6-8% of Al species measured by either DGT-MBL or DGT-Metsorb. DGT-PAMPAA measurements of Cu, Pb and Al were lower than those of either DGT-MBL or DGT-Chelex varying from 74-81% for Cu to 54-70% for Pb and 51-55% for anionic Al(OH)4(-), suggesting that this binding layer may make more selective measurements. All measured trace metal concentrations were well below ANZECC water quality guidelines, except for Cu which was 2 to 10 times higher than trigger values. Each of the DGT techniques was deployed using both open and restricted diffusive layers (ODL and RDL). Most trace metal measurements were not significantly different with ODL and RDL for all binding layers. However, concentrations of Cu (CRDL/CODL = 0.68-0.75) and Al (CRDL/CODL = 0.73-0.79) were significantly different with DGT-MBL, DGT-Chelex and DGT-Metsorb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Houshang Shiva
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
| | - David T Welsh
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, QLD 4215, Australia.
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22
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Comments on "Determination of total arsenic using a novel Zn-ferrite binding gel for DGT techniques: Application to the redox speciation of arsenic in river sediments" by Gorny et al. Talanta 2016; 149:156-157. [PMID: 26717826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Shiva AH, Teasdale PR, Bennett WW, Welsh DT. A systematic determination of diffusion coefficients of trace elements in open and restricted diffusive layers used by the diffusive gradients in a thin film technique. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Omanović D, Pižeta I, Vukosav P, Kovács E, Frančišković-Bilinski S, Tamás J. Assessing element distribution and speciation in a stream at abandoned Pb-Zn mining site by combining classical, in-situ DGT and modelling approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 511:423-34. [PMID: 25569578 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and speciation of elements along a stream subjected to neutralised acid mine drainage (NAMD) effluent waters (Mátra Mountain, Hungary; Toka stream) were studied by a multi-methodological approach: dissolved and particulate fractions of elements were determined by HR-ICPMS, whereas speciation was carried out by DGT, supported by speciation modelling performed by Visual MINTEQ. Before the NAMD discharge, the Toka is considered as a pristine stream, with averages of dissolved concentrations of elements lower than world averages. A considerable increase of element concentrations caused by effluent water inflow is followed by a sharp or gradual concentration decrease. A large difference between total and dissolved concentrations was found for Fe, Al, Pb, Cu, Zn and As in effluent water and at the first downstream site, with high correlation factors between elements in particulate fraction, indicating their common behaviour, governed by the formation of ferri(hydr)oxides (co)precipitates. In-situ speciation by the DGT technique revealed that Zn, Cd, Ni, Co, Mn and U were predominantly present as a labile, potentially bioavailable fraction (>90%). The formation of strong complexes with dissolved organic matter (DOM) resulted in a relatively low DGT-labile concentration of Cu (42%), while low DGT-labile concentrations of Fe (5%) and Pb (12%) were presumably caused by their existence in colloidal (particulate) fraction which is not accessible to DGT. Except for Fe and Pb, a very good agreement between DGT-labile concentrations and those predicted by the applied speciation model was obtained, with an average correlation factor of 0.96. This study showed that the in-situ DGT technique in combination with model-predicted speciation and classical analysis of samples could provide a reasonable set of data for the assessment of the water quality status (WQS), as well as for the more general study of overall behaviour of the elements in natural waters subjected to high element loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Omanović
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivanka Pižeta
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Petra Vukosav
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, P.O. Box 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elza Kovács
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | - János Tamás
- Institute of Water and Environmental Management, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Chen H, Zhang MH, Gu JL, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Li JR. Measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus in water with polyquaternary ammonium salt as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:12112-12117. [PMID: 25417858 DOI: 10.1021/jf5040702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) sampler with a polyquaternary ammonium salt (PQAS) aqueous solution as a binding phase and a dialysis membrane as a diffusive phase (PQAS DGT) was developed for the measurement of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in water. The performance of PQAS DGT was not dependent upon pH 3-10 and ionic strength from 1 × 10(-4) to 1 mol L(-1). The effective binding capacity of PQAS DGT containing 2.0 mL of 0.050 mol L(-1) PQAS solution was estimated as 9.9 μg cm(-2). The measurement of DRP in a synthetic solution by PQAS DGT over a 48 h deployment period demonstrated high consistency with the concentration of DRP in the synthetic solution measured directly by the ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method. Field deployments of PQAS DGT samplers allowed for accurate measurement of the DRP concentration in situ. The advantages of PQAS DGT include no requirement of the elution steps and direct concentration measurements of the binding phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Research Institute of Food Science, and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, Bohai University , Jinzhou, Liaoning 121013, People's Republic of China
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26
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Chen H, Zhang YY, Zhong KL, Guo LW, Gu JL, Bo L, Zhang MH, Li JR. Selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water with polyquaternary ammonium salt as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 271:160-165. [PMID: 24632368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) device with polyquaternary ammonium salt (PQAS) as a novel binding agent (PQAS DGT) combined with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) was developed for the selective sampling and measurement of Cr (VI) in water. The performance of PQAS DGT was independent of pH 3-12 and ionic strength from 1 × 10(-3) to 1 molL(-1). DGT validation experiments showed that Cr (VI) was measured accurately as well as selectively by PQAS DGT, whereas Cr (III) was not determined quantitatively. Compared with diphenylcarbazide spectrophotometric method (DPC), the measurement of Cr (VI) with PQAS DGT was agreement with that of DPC method in the industrial wastewater. PQAS-DGT device had been successfully deployed in local freshwater. The concentrations of Cr (VI) determined by PQAS DGT coupled with GFAAS in Nuer River, Ling River and North Lake were 0.73 ± 0.09 μg L(-1), 0.50 ± 0.07 μg L(-1) and 0.61 ± 0.07 μg L(-1), respectively. The results indicate that PQAS DGT device can be used for the selective sampling and measurement Cr (VI) in water and its detection limit is lower than that of DPC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Ke-Li Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Lian-Wen Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jia-Li Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China
| | - Le Bo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Meng-Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University, China; Research Institute of Food Science, Bohai University, China; Food Safety Key Lab of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou 121013, China.
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27
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Peijnenburg WJGM, Teasdale PR, Reible D, Mondon J, Bennett WW, Campbell PGC. Passive sampling methods for contaminated sediments: state of the science for metals. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2014; 10:179-96. [PMID: 24470168 PMCID: PMC4238822 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
"Dissolved" concentrations of contaminants in sediment porewater (Cfree ) provide a more relevant exposure metric for risk assessment than do total concentrations. Passive sampling methods (PSMs) for estimating Cfree offer the potential for cost-efficient and accurate in situ characterization of Cfree for inorganic sediment contaminants. In contrast to the PSMs validated and applied for organic contaminants, the various passive sampling devices developed for metals, metalloids, and some nonmetals (collectively termed "metals") have been exploited to a limited extent, despite recognized advantages that include low detection limits, detection of time-averaged trends, high spatial resolution, information about dissolved metal speciation, and the ability to capture episodic events and cyclic changes that may be missed by occasional grab sampling. We summarize the PSM approaches for assessing metal toxicity to, and bioaccumulation by, sediment-dwelling biota, including the recognized advantages and limitations of each approach, the need for standardization, and further work needed to facilitate broader acceptance and application of PSM-derived information by decision makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie JGM Peijnenburg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Center for Safety of Substances and ProductsBilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Teasdale
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Danny Reible
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech UniversityLubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Julie Mondon
- Center for Integrated Ecology, Environmental Sustainability Research Cluster, Deakin UniversityWarrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, Australia
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment, Griffith UniversityGold Coast Campus, Southport, Australia
| | - Peter GC Campbell
- Université du Québec, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre et EnvironnementQuébec, Canada
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28
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Sun Q, Chen J, Zhang H, Ding S, Li Z, Williams PN, Cheng H, Han C, Wu L, Zhang C. Improved Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films (DGT) Measurement of Total Dissolved Inorganic Arsenic in Waters and Soils Using a Hydrous Zirconium Oxide Binding Layer. Anal Chem 2014; 86:3060-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac404025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Key Laboratory
of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes,
Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory
of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes,
Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment
Center (LEC), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shiming Ding
- State Key Laboratory
of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and
Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Zhu Li
- Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Paul N. Williams
- Institute for
Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Cheng
- Lancaster Environment
Center (LEC), Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Chao Han
- State Key Laboratory
of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and
Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Longhua Wu
- Institute of Soil
Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Chaosheng Zhang
- GIS Centre, Ryan Institute
and School of Geography and Archaeology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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29
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Panther JG, Bennett WW, Welsh DT, Teasdale PR. Simultaneous Measurement of Trace Metal and Oxyanion Concentrations in Water using Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films with a Chelex–Metsorb Mixed Binding Layer. Anal Chem 2013; 86:427-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402247j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared G. Panther
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - William W. Bennett
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David T. Welsh
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Peter R. Teasdale
- Environmental
Futures Centre, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University Gold Coast campus, Queensland 4222, Australia
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30
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Chen CE, Zhang H, Ying GG, Jones KC. Evidence and recommendations to support the use of a novel passive water sampler to quantify antibiotics in wastewaters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:13587-13593. [PMID: 24229080 DOI: 10.1021/es402662g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel passive water sampler (diffusive gradients in thin-films for organics, o-DGT) was previously developed and successfully tested in the laboratory, but has not yet been validated in the field. Here, o-DGT samplers were deployed in the influent and effluent of a typical UK wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); the influent was also sampled with a conventional automatic sampler (Auto) and by grab (Grab) sampling. All the samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS for 40 target antibiotics (including 16 sulfonamides (SAs), 12 fluoroquinolones, 6 macrolides, 2 ionophores, 2 diaminopyimidines, 1 aminocoumarin, and 1 lincosamide). The diffusion coefficients (D) of these antibiotics in o-DGT, measured in the laboratory, ranged from 0.58 × 10(-06) to 6.24 × 10(-06) cm(2) s(-1). The derived surface area normalized sampling rates (RS/A, 0.54-5.74 mL d(-1) cm(-2)) were comparable with those for another passive sampler called POCIS. Fourteen antibiotics were detected in the actively sampled water samples, with 10 of the 14 detected in o-DGT devices deployed for more than 7 days. Most of the antibiotics detected in o-DGT, except sulfapyridine, were continually accumulated by o-DGT for ~10 days. Deployment for 7 days is recommended to integrate ambient concentrations over time, without risks of reaching capacity and significant biofouling. Diffusive boundary layer (DBL) thickness had less effect on the o-DGT measurement than reported for other passive samplers. The comparison between o-DGT and Auto and Grab samplings showed that o-DGT was more efficient in terms of cost, time, and labor. This study demonstrates for the first time in a real environment that o-DGT is an effective tool for the routine monitoring of antibiotics in wastewaters and provides a powerful approach to studying their occurrence, fate, and behavior in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Er Chen
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University , Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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31
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Pouran HM, Llabjani V, Martin FL, Zhang H. Evaluation of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy with multivariate analysis to study the binding mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticles or Zn2+ to Chelex-100 or metsorb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:11115-11121. [PMID: 23947918 DOI: 10.1021/es4017552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in nanotechnology and the expected increases in production of commercial products with incorporated manufactured nanomaterials will very likely lead to increasing contamination of nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment. Though studying adverse impacts of NPs in the environment and their ecotoxicological fate and behavior is not new, limited information is available. A major challenge in this respect is the lack of a proper sampling technique that could provide data on concentrations of these materials in the environment. Diffusive gradient in thin-films (DGT) is a well-established method that can measure available concentrations of trace metals in soils and waters. Using this approach, different binding resins are employed as a sink to collect targeted chemicals during fixed times. Here, we examine the suitability of two common types of the DGT binding agents, commercially available Chelex-100 and Metsorb, to investigate whether these materials could irreversibly retain a model nanoparticle, ZnO, and if so, what would be the difference between bound ZnO NP and Zn(2+) ion. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study the binding materials before and after exposure to ZnO NP and Zn(2+). Based on computational analysis using principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), it was demonstrated that both Chelex-100 and Metsorb form chemical bonds with ZnO NP and Zn(2+), however the binding mechanisms of these zinc species as inferred from their infrared (IR) spectra are statistically different (95% confidence level). The experimental results suggest that the binding resins hold ZnO NP with fewer and weaker chemical bonds compared to Zn(2+). This research shows the potential of the DGT method to measure available concentrations of nanoparticles in the environment and demonstrate how ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, when used with computational analysis, can differentiate between diverse chemical species that are simultaneously retained by the binding layer in a DGT device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid M Pouran
- Lancaster Environment Centre, ‡Centre for Biophotonics, Lancaster University , Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, U.K
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32
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Chen H, Guo L, Cai R, Zhang Y, Bo L, Li J. Determination of Ni2+ in Waters with Sodium Poly(aspartic acid) as a Binding Phase in Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films. CHEM LETT 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.130003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Lianwen Guo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Ranyong Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Le Bo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Jianrong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
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33
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Panther JG, Stewart RR, Teasdale PR, Bennett WW, Welsh DT, Zhao H. Titanium dioxide-based DGT for measuring dissolved As(V), V(V), Sb(V), Mo(VI) and W(VI) in water. Talanta 2013; 105:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Liu Y, Chen H, Bai F, Gu J, Liu L. Application of Sodium Poly(aspartic acid) as a Binding Phase in the Technique of Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films. CHEM LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2012.1471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Fengling Bai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Jiali Gu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
| | - Lianli Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Food Safety, Bohai University
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