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Tian G, He F, Li X, Hu S, Zhao X, Guo S, Wang T, Wang H, Zong W, Liu R. Novel mechanistic insights into Cr(VI) and Cr(III) induced discrepancies of cellular toxicity and oxidative injury events in Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173970. [PMID: 38876350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) poses a high ecological risk, however the toxic mechanisms of Cr in different valence states to soil organisms at cellular and molecular levels are not exactly. In this study, the Eisenia fetida coelomocytes and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were chosen as the target subjects to investigate the effects and mechanisms of cellular toxicity induced by Cr(VI) and Cr(III). Results indicated that Cr(VI) and Cr(III) significantly reduced the coelomocytes viability. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was markedly increased after Cr(VI) exposure, which finally reduced antioxidant defense abilities, and induced lipid peroxidation and cellular membrane damage in earthworm coelomocytes. However, Cr(III) induced lower levels of oxidative stress and cellular damage with respect to Cr(VI). From a molecular perspective, the binding of both Cr(VI) and Cr(III) with Cu/Zn-SOD resulted in protein backbone loosening and reduced β-Sheet content. The Cu/Zn-SOD showed fluorescence enhancement with Cr(III), whereas Cr(VI) had no obvious effect. The activity of Cu/Zn-SOD continued to decrease with the exposure of Cr. Molecular docking indicated that Cr(III) interacted more readily with the active center of Cu/Zn-SOD. Our results illustrate that oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI) and Cr(III) plays an important role in the cytotoxic differences of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes and the binding of Cr with Cu/Zn-SOD can also affect the normal structures and functions of antioxidant defense-associated protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Tian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Xingchen Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Redolfi-Bristol D, Yamamoto K, Marin E, Zhu W, Mazda O, Riello P, Pezzotti G. Exploring the cellular antioxidant mechanism against cytotoxic silver nanoparticles: a Raman spectroscopic analysis. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:9985-9997. [PMID: 38695726 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00462k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) hold great promise for several different applications, from colorimetric sensors to antimicrobial agents. Despite their widespread incorporation in consumer products, limited understanding of the detrimental effects and cellular antioxidant responses associated with AgNPs at sublethal concentrations persists, raising concerns for human and ecological well-being. To address this gap, we synthesized AgNPs of varying sizes and evaluated their cytotoxicity against human dermal fibroblasts (HDF). Our study revealed that toxicity of AgNPs is a time- and size-dependent process, even at low exposure levels. AgNPs exhibited low short-term cytotoxicity but high long-term impact, particularly for the smallest NPs tested. Raman microspectroscopy was employed for in-time investigations of intracellular molecular variations during the first 24 h of exposure to AgNPs of 35 nm. Subtle protein and lipid degradations were detected, but no discernible damage to the DNA was observed. Signals associated with antioxidant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and metallothioneins (MTs), increased over time, reflecting the heightened production of these defense agents. Fluorescence microscopy further confirmed the efficacy of overexpressed antioxidant proteins in mitigating ROS formation during short-term exposure to AgNPs. This work provides valuable insights into the molecular changes and remedial strategies within the cellular environment, utilizing Raman microspectroscopy as an advanced analytical technique. These findings offer a novel perspective on the cytotoxicity mechanism of AgNPs, contributing to the development of safer materials and advice on regulatory guidelines for their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Redolfi-Bristol
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Kenta Yamamoto
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Elia Marin
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department Polytechnic of Engineering and Architecture, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Wenliang Zhu
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Pietro Riello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pezzotti
- Ceramic Physics Laboratory, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Matsugasaki, 606-8585, Kyoto, Japan.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shinmachi, Hiraka-ta, Osaka 573-1010, Japan
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, 160-0023 Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia, Italy
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3
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Sun K, White JC, He E, Van Gestel CAM, Zhang P, Peijnenburg WJGM, Qiu H. Earthworm Coelomocyte Internalization of MoS 2 Nanosheets: Multiplexed Imaging, Molecular Profiling, and Computational Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21637-21649. [PMID: 38012053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Fully understanding the cellular uptake and intracellular localization of MoS2 nanosheets (NSMoS2) is a prerequisite for their safe applications. Here, we characterized the uptake profile of NSMoS2 by functional coelomocytes of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Considering that vacancy engineering is widely applied to enhance the NSMoS2 performance, we assessed the potential role of such atomic vacancies in regulating cellular uptake processes. Coelomocyte internalization and lysosomal accumulation of NSMoS2 were tracked by fluorescent labeling imaging. Cellular uptake inhibitors, proteomics, and transcriptomics helped to mechanistically distinguish vacancy-mediated endocytosis pathways. Specifically, Mo ions activated transmembrane transporter and ion-binding pathways, entering the coelomocyte through assisted diffusion. Unlike molybdate, pristine NSMoS2 (P-NSMoS2) induced protein polymerization and upregulated gene expression related to actin filament binding, which phenotypically initiated actin-mediated endocytosis. Conversely, vacancy-rich NSMoS2 (V-NSMoS2) were internalized by coelomocytes through a vesicle-mediated and energy-dependent pathway. Mechanistically, atomic vacancies inhibited mitochondrial transport gene expression and likely induced membrane stress, significantly enhancing endocytosis (20.3%, p < 0.001). Molecular dynamics modeling revealed structural and conformational damage of cytoskeletal protein caused by P-NSMoS2, as well as the rapid response of transport protein to V-NSMoS2. These findings demonstrate that earthworm functional coelomocytes can accumulate NSMoS2 and directly mediate cytotoxicity and that atomic vacancies can alter the endocytic pathway and enhance cellular uptake by reprogramming protein response and gene expression patterns. This study provides an important mechanistic understanding of the ecological risks of NSMoS2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Erkai He
- School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cornelis A M Van Gestel
- Faculty of Science, Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Center for the Safety of Substances and Products, Bilthoven 3720 BA, The Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Xu Q, Shi Y, Ke L, Qian L, Zhou X, Shao X. Ciprofloxacin enhances cadmium toxicity to earthworm Eisenia fetida by altering the gut microorganism composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122106. [PMID: 37364754 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The concurrent existence of cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) in agricultural soils is very common, but presents a challenge to soil organisms. As more attention has been paid to the effect of toxic metals on the migration of antibiotic resistance genes, the critical role of the gut microbiota in CIP-modifying Cd toxicity in earthworms remains unclear. In this study, Eisenia fetida was exposed to Cd and CIP alone or in combination at environmentally relevant concentrations. Cd and CIP accumulation in earthworm increased as their respective spiked concentrations increased. In fact, Cd accumulation increased by 39.7% when 1 mg/kg CIP was added; however, the addition of Cd did not affect CIP uptake. Compared with exposure to Cd alone, a greater ingestion of Cd following combined exposure to Cd and 1 mg/kg CIP resulted in greater oxidative stress and energy metabolism disturbances in earthworms. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents and apoptosis rate of coelomocytes were more sensitive to Cd than these biochemical indicators. In fact, 1 mg/kg Cd induced the derivation of ROS. Similarly, the toxicity of Cd (5 mg/kg) to coelomocytes was promoted by CIP (1 mg/kg), ROS content in coelomocytes and the apoptosis rate increased by 29.2% and 113.1%, respectively, due to increased Cd accumulation. Further investigation of the gut microorganisms revealed that the decreased abundance of Streptomyces strains (known as Cd accumulation taxa) could be a critical factor for enhanced Cd accumulation and greater Cd toxicity to earthworms following exposure to both Cd and CIP; this was because this microorganism group was eliminated by the simultaneous ingestion of CIP. This study stressed the role of gut microorganisms in altering the toxicity of Cd and CIP combined contamination in soil organisms. More attention should be paid to the ecological risks of such combined contamination in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yajuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Lingjie Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiuqing Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Liang X, Li Y, Zheng Z, Tian F, Du Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang Y. Effects of mixed application of avermectin, imidacloprid and carbendazim on soil degradation and toxicity toward earthworms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14115. [PMID: 37644051 PMCID: PMC10465560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of pesticides in mixtures often exerts multiple pressures on agricultural soils in the short term. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the effects of mixed application on the environmental behavior and ecotoxicity of pesticides in soil. In this study, we assessed the effects of three common pesticides through mixed application on soil degradation and toxicity toward the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Compared with the degradation half-lives (DT50) the single pesticide, the DT50 values of avermectin, imidacloprid and carbendazim in the binary mixtures were similar. However, their DT50 values in the ternary mixtures were approximately 1.5 times longer than those in the individual applications, enhancing their stable in soil after two or three applications. The ternary mixtures of the pesticides showed significantly synergistic toxicity toward E. fetida, while their binary mixtures exhibited a changing interaction throughout the entire effect level range. The ternary mixtures activated higher SOD and CAT activities in E. fetida than the individual treatments, confirming their synergistic effects. By conducting avoidance tests with E. fetida, ternary toxic interactions were effectively assessed within a relatively short testing period. In summary, the three pesticides in ternary mixtures exhibited longer degradation half-lives and synergistic toxicity toward earthworms compared to individual or binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
| | - Zhao Zheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
| | - Fang Tian
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
| | - Yannan Du
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China.
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou, Sanya, China.
- Hainan Institute for Food Control, Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruits and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Haikou, China.
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6
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Zhang J, He M, Liu Y, Zhang L, Jiang H, Lin D. Chlorine substitution-dependent toxicities of polychlorinated biphenyls to the earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:171-180. [PMID: 36801033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) with different chlorine substitution patterns often coexist in e-waste-processing sites. However, the single and combined toxicity of PCBs to soil organisms and the influence of chlorine substitution patterns remain largely unknown. Herein, we evaluated the distinct in vivo toxicity of PCB28 (a trichlorinated PCB), PCB52 (a tetrachlorinated PCB), PCB101 (a pentachlorinated PCB), and their mixture to earthworm Eisenia fetida in soil, and looked into the underlining mechanisms in an in vitro test using coelomocytes. After a 28-days exposure, all PCBs (up to 10 mg/kg) were not fatal to earthworms, but could induce intestinal histopathological changes and microbial community alterations in the drilosphere system, along with a significant weight loss. Notably, pentachlorinated PCBs with a low bioaccumulation ability showed greater inhibitory effects on the growth of earthworm than lowly chlorinated PCBs, suggesting that bioaccumulation was not the main determinant of chlorine substitution-dependent toxicity. Furthermore, in vitro assays showed that the highly chlorinated PCBs induced a high-percentage apoptosis of eleocytes in the coelomocytes and significantly activated antioxidant enzymes, indicating that the distinct cellular vulnerability to lowly/highly chlorinated PCBs was the main contributor to the PCBs toxicity. These findings emphasize the specific advantage of using earthworms in the control of lowly chlorinated PCBs in soil due to their high tolerance and accumulation ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Environment and Resources Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Mengyang He
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yaoxuan Liu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haojie Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Daohui Lin
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. Using Machine Learning to make nanomaterials sustainable. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160303. [PMID: 36410486 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable development is a key challenge for contemporary human societies; failure to achieve sustainability could threaten human survival. In this review article, we illustrate how Machine Learning (ML) could support more sustainable development, covering the basics of data gathering through each step of the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). The literature provides several examples showing how ML can be employed in most steps of a typical ERA.A key observation is that there are currently no clear guidance for using such autonomous technologies in ERAs or which standards/checks are required. Steering thus seems to be the most important task for supporting the use of ML in the ERA of nano- and smart-materials. Resources should be devoted to developing a strategy for implementing ML in ERA with a strong emphasis on data foundations, methodologies, and the related sensitivities/uncertainties. We should recognise historical errors and biases (e.g., in data) to avoid embedding them during ML programming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kanniah P, Balakrishnan S, Subramanian ER, Sudalaimani DK, Radhamani J, Sivasubramaniam S. Preliminary investigation on the impact of engineered PVP-capped and uncapped silver nanoparticles on Eudrilus eugeniae, a terrestrial ecosystem model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:25239-25255. [PMID: 35829879 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the production of silver nanoparticles and their commercial products has generated increased concern and caused a hazardous impact on the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study examines the toxic effect of chemically engineered silver nanoparticles (SNPs) and polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped silver nanoparticles (PVP-SNPs) on the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (E. eugeniae). The SNPs and PVP-SNPs were synthesized, and their characterization was determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The toxicity of SNPs and PVP-SNPs was evaluated using E. eugeniae. The present result indicates that the lethal concentration (LC50) of SNPs and PVP-SNPs were achieved at 22.66 and 43.27 μg/mL, respectively. The activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was increased in SNPs compared to PVP-SNPs. Importantly, we have noticed that the E. eugeniae can amputate its body segments after exposure to SNPs and PVP-SNPs. This exciting phenomenon is named "autotomy," which describes a specific feature of E. eugeniae to escape from the toxic contaminants and predators. Accordingly, we have suggested this unique behavior may facilitate to assess the toxic effect of SNPs and PVP-SNPs in E. eugeniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulkumar Kanniah
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Subburathinam Balakrishnan
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Elaiya Raja Subramanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Sudalaimani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jila Radhamani
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sudhakar Sivasubramaniam
- Department of Biotechnology, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
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Boraschi D, Canesi L, Drobne D, Kemmerling B, Pinsino A, Prochazkova P. Interaction between nanomaterials and the innate immune system across evolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:747-774. [PMID: 36639936 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with the immune system mainly occurs with cells and molecules of innate immunity, which are present in interface tissues of living organisms. Immuno-nanotoxicological studies aim at understanding if and when such interaction is inconsequential or may cause irreparable damage. Since innate immunity is the first line of immune reactivity towards exogenous agents and is highly conserved throughout evolution, this review focuses on the major effector cells of innate immunity, the phagocytes, and their major sensing receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), for assessing the modes of successful versus pathological interaction between ENMs and host defences. By comparing the phagocyte- and TLR-dependent responses to ENMs in plants, molluscs, annelids, crustaceans, echinoderms and mammals, we aim to highlight common recognition and elimination mechanisms and the general sufficiency of innate immunity for maintaining tissue integrity and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), 1068 Xueyuan Blvd, 518071, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC), CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Villa Comunale, 80132, Napoli, Italy.,China-Italy Joint Laboratory of Pharmacobiotechnology for Medical Immunomodulation (SIAT, CNR, SZN), Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132, Genova, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva ulica 101, 1000, Ljubliana, Slovenia
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- ZMBP - Center for Plant Molecular Biology, Plant Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146, Palermo, Italy
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
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Li S, Yuan Y, Wang X, Cai L, Wang J, Zhao Y, Jiang L, Yang X. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of terbuthylazine in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:104016. [PMID: 36435387 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.104016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terbuthylazine is an effective and widely used s-triazine herbicide. However, limited data exists on its toxicity and bioaccumulation in earthworms (Eisenia fetida). In this study, we investigated the bioaccumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, detoxification enzyme activity, and DNA damage in earthworms when exposed to terbuthylazine. The results indicated that terbuthylazine in soil had low bioaccumulation in earthworms and the biota-soil accumulation factors of terbuthylazine declined with an increasing soil terbuthylazine concentration. In the enzyme activity assays, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities showed upward trends when compared with the control. The carboxylesterase (CarE) activity increased on day 21. The 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content, a DNA damage bioindicator, was higher than that of the control on day 21. Combined with the integrated biological response index version 2 analysis, these results can provide a comprehensive evaluation of the toxicological effects that terbuthylazine has on earthworms and soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China; Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China; Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China
| | - Leiming Cai
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China; Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China.
| | - Jiao Wang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China
| | - Yuanji Zhao
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China; Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Safety Evaluation Center, Shenyang SYRICI Test Co. Ltd, Shenyang 110027, China; Shenyang Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shenyang 110021, China
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11
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Weng N, Meng J, Huo S, Wu F, Wang WX. Hemocytes of bivalve mollusks as cellular models in toxicological studies of metals and metal-based nanomaterials. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 312:120082. [PMID: 36057327 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the impacts of environmental pollutants on immune systems is indispensable in ecological and health risk assessments due to the significance of normal immunological functions in all living organisms. Bivalves as sentinel organisms with vital ecological importance are widely distributed in aquatic environments and their innate immune systems are the sensitive targets of environmental pollutants. As the central component of innate immunity, bivalve hemocytes are endowed with specialized endolysosomal systems for particle internalization and metal detoxification. These intrinsic biological features make them a unique cellular model for metal- and nano-immunotoxicology research. In this review, we firstly provided a general overview of bivalve's innate immunity and the classification and immune functions of hemocytes. We then summarized the recent progress on the interactions of metals and nanoparticles with bivalve hemocytes, with emphasis on the involvement of hemocytes in metal regulation and detoxification, the interactions of hemocytes and nanoparticles at eco/bio-nano interface and hemocyte-mediated immune responses to the exposure of metals and nanoparticles. Finally, we proposed the key knowledge gaps and future research priorities in deciphering the fundamental biological processes of the interactions of environmental pollutants with the innate immune system of bivalves as well as in developing bivalve hemocytes into a promising cellular model for nano-immuno-safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanyan Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Shouliang Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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12
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Li D, Zhang J, Cheng C, Hou K, Wang X, Zhu L, Li B, Du Z, Wang J, Wang J. Effects of ecotoxicity of penoxsulam single and co-exposure with AgNPs on Eisenia fetida. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:136134. [PMID: 36028129 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Penoxsulam (PNX) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are likely to coexist in soils due to continuous use. However, the ecotoxicity of PNX in earthworms and the effect of AgNPs on PNX toxicity are unknown. Therefore, the toxicity of PNX (0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 mg/kg) single and co-exposure with AgNPs (10 mg/kg) after 28 and 56 days on Eisenia fetida (E. fetida) was investigated from biochemical, genetic, histopathological, and transcriptomic aspects. The results showed that the low concentration of PNX (0.05PNX) had almost no effect on the biochemical level of E. fetida. However, the addition of AgNPs resulted in 0.05PNX causing E. fetida to produce excessive reactive oxygen species, and the activity of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes were interfered, resulting in lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. From the genetic level, even the lowest concentration of PNX can significantly interfere with the expression of functional genes, thus inducing oxidative stress and apoptosis and inhibited reproductive behavior in E. fetida. The integrated biomarker response results at the biochemical and genetic levels showed that the comprehensive toxicity of PNX and PNX + AgNPs on E. fetida was PNX dose-dependent. And the toxicity of all co-exposure groups was greater than that of the PNX only exposure groups. Furthermore, the addition of AgNPs significantly increased the damage of PNX on E. fetida intestinal tissue. Meanwhile, transcriptomic analysis showed that PNX + AgNPs had a greater effect on E. fetida than PNX single, and multiple pathways related to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular process regulation were disturbed. These results provide a basis for comprehensive evaluation of the ecotoxicity of PNX and confirm that the AgNPs does increase the ecotoxicity of PNX in soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengtan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Chao Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, China.
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Kokhanyuk B, Vántus VB, Radnai B, Vámos E, Kajner G, Galbács G, Telek E, Mészáros M, Deli MA, Németh P, Engelmann P. Distinct Uptake Routes Participate in Silver Nanoparticle Engulfment by Earthworm and Human Immune Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2818. [PMID: 36014683 PMCID: PMC9413649 DOI: 10.3390/nano12162818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of engineered silver nanoparticle (AgNP) exposure and cellular interaction with the immune system are poorly understood. The immunocytes of the Eisenia andrei earthworm are frequently applied in ecotoxicological studies and possess functional similarity to vertebrate macrophages. Hence, we characterized and compared the endocytosis mechanisms for the uptake of 75 nm AgNPs by earthworm coelomocytes, human THP-1 monocytes, and differentiated THP-1 (macrophage-like) cells. Our results indicate that microtubule-dependent, scavenger-receptor, and PI3K signaling-mediated macropinocytosis are utilized during AgNP engulfment by human THP-1 and differentiated THP-1 cells. However, earthworm coelomocytes employ actin-dependent phagocytosis during AgNPs uptake. In both human and earthworm immunocytes, AgNPs were located in the cytoplasm, within the endo-/lysosomes. We detected that the internalization of AgNPs is TLR/MyD88-dependent, also involving the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in the case of human immunocytes. The exposure led to decreased mitochondrial respiration in human immunocytes; however, in coelomocytes, it enhanced respiratory parameters. Our findings provide more data about NP trafficking as nano-carriers in the nanomedicine field, as well as contribute to an understanding of the ecotoxicological consequences of nanoparticle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana Kokhanyuk
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viola Bagóné Vántus
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Radnai
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Vámos
- Department of Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gyula Kajner
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galbács
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Elek Telek
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Mária Mészáros
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária A. Deli
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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14
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Amorim MJB, Gomes SIL, Bicho RCS, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. On virus and nanomaterials - Lessons learned from the innate immune system - ACE activation in the invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129173. [PMID: 35739709 PMCID: PMC9116975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Current human research on COVID-19 - SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus) showed that ACE2 (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2) is a functional receptor to which the spike proteins attach. Invertebrates have been exposed to a wide array of threats for millennia and their immune system has evolved to deal with these efficiently. The annelid Enchytraeus crypticus, a standard ecotoxicological species, is an invertebrate species where extensive mechanisms of response studies are available, covering all levels from gene to population responses. Nanomaterials (NMs) are often perceived as invaders (e.g. virus) and can enter the cell covered by a corona, triggering similar responses. We created a database on E. crypticus ACE gene expression, aiming to analyse the potential knowledge transfer between invertebrates and vertebrates. Total exposure experiments sum 87 stress conditions for 18 different nanomaterials (NMs). ACE expression following TiO2 NM exposure was clearly different from other NMs showing a clear (6-7 fold) ACE down-regulation, not observed for any other NMs. Other NMs, notably Ag NMs, and to some extent Cu NMs, caused ACE up-regulation (up to 4 fold). The extensive knowledge from response to NMs can support the immuno-research community, especially to develop therapies for virus that trigger the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J B Amorim
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - S I L Gomes
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - R C S Bicho
- Departament of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - J J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C.F. Møllers Alle, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Cameron SJ, Sheng J, Hosseinian F, Willmore WG. Nanoparticle Effects on Stress Response Pathways and Nanoparticle-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7962. [PMID: 35887304 PMCID: PMC9323783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are increasingly used in a wide variety of applications and products; however, NPs may affect stress response pathways and interact with proteins in biological systems. This review article will provide an overview of the beneficial and detrimental effects of NPs on stress response pathways with a focus on NP-protein interactions. Depending upon the particular NP, experimental model system, and dose and exposure conditions, the introduction of NPs may have either positive or negative effects. Cellular processes such as the development of oxidative stress, the initiation of the inflammatory response, mitochondrial function, detoxification, and alterations to signaling pathways are all affected by the introduction of NPs. In terms of tissue-specific effects, the local microenvironment can have a profound effect on whether an NP is beneficial or harmful to cells. Interactions of NPs with metal-binding proteins (zinc, copper, iron and calcium) affect both their structure and function. This review will provide insights into the current knowledge of protein-based nanotoxicology and closely examines the targets of specific NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana J. Cameron
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - Jessica Sheng
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
| | - William G. Willmore
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada; (S.J.C.); (F.H.)
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada;
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
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16
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Pacheco NIN, Semerad J, Pivokonsky M, Cajthaml T, Filip J, Busquets-Fité M, Dvorak J, Rico A, Prochazkova P. Effects of silver sulfide nanoparticles on the earthworm Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 257:109355. [PMID: 35489639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The massive production and use of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) have led to their increasing release into the environment. Even though the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of native nanoparticles have been well studied, the environmental impacts of transformation products such as silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2S NPs) have not been elucidated. In the present study, we assessed the toxicity of Ag2S NPs and silver nitrate (AgNO3), as a source of Ag, to the earthworm Eisenia andrei using a nominal concentration of 5 mg Ag kg-1 soil. We used the OECD guidelines to assess effects on weight loss and mortality for 14 days. After exposure, we also extracted the immune effector cells (coelomocytes) and conducted a battery of biomarker tests. To ensure the quality of the toxicological results, the structural changes of NPs during the experiment and the uptake of silver by the earthworms were monitored. During the experiment, mortality effects were not detected, but a weight loss was observed in the earthworms exposed to Ag2S NPs. Altough Ag2S NPs were engulfed by E. andrei cells, neither phenoloxidase activity nor lipid peroxidation differed from the untreated control group. Cells from earthworms treated with Ag2S NPs exerted very broad value range of nitric oxide (NO) generation, suggesting an imbalance in the NO metabolism. Overall, this study suggests minimal risks associated with Ag2S NPs exposure to earthworms. However, further studies are needed to assure no immunotoxicological or chronic effects on a wider range of terrestrial organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jaroslav Semerad
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 30/5, 166 12 Prague, 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Filip
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Dvorak
- Department of Modern Immunotherapy, Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, U Nemocnice 2094, 128 20 Prague, 1, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Rico
- Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 00 Prague 4, Czech Republic
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17
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Demir E, Demir FT, Marcos R. Drosophila as a Suitable In Vivo Model in the Safety Assessment of Nanomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:275-301. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Adeel M, Shakoor N, Shafiq M, Pavlicek A, Part F, Zafiu C, Raza A, Ahmad MA, Jilani G, White JC, Ehmoser EK, Lynch I, Ming X, Rui Y. A critical review of the environmental impacts of manufactured nano-objects on earthworm species. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118041. [PMID: 34523513 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The presence of manufactured nano-objects (MNOs) in various consumer or their (future large-scale) use as nanoagrochemical have increased with the rapid development of nanotechnology and therefore, concerns associated with its possible ecotoxicological effects are also arising. MNOs are releasing along the product life cycle, consequently accumulating in soils and other environmental matrices, and potentially leading to adverse effects on soil biota and their associated processes. Earthworms, of the group of Oligochaetes, are an ecologically significant group of organisms and play an important role in soil remediation, as well as acting as a potential vector for trophic transfer of MNOs through the food chain. This review presents a comprehensive and critical overview of toxic effects of MNOs on earthworms in soil system. We reviewed pathways of MNOs in agriculture soil environment with its expected production, release, and bioaccumulation. Furthermore, we thoroughly examined scientific literature from last ten years and critically evaluated the potential ecotoxicity of 16 different metal oxide or carbon-based MNO types. Various adverse effects on the different earthworm life stages have been reported, including reduction in growth rate, changes in biochemical and molecular markers, reproduction and survival rate. Importantly, this literature review reveals the scarcity of long-term toxicological data needed to actually characterize MNOs risks, as well as an understanding of mechanisms causing toxicity to earthworm species. This review sheds light on this knowledge gap as investigating bio-nano interplay in soil environment improves our major understanding for safer applications of MNOs in the agriculture environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adeel
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Subcampus, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Noman Shakoor
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- University of Guadalajara-University Center for Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Camino Ing. Ramón Padilla Sánchez núm. 2100, La Venta del Astillero, Zapopan, Jalisco, CP. 45110, Mexico
| | - Anna Pavlicek
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Part
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria; Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute for Synthetic Bioarchitectures, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11/II, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Zafiu
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ali Raza
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ahmad
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-Environmental Science, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, 06504, USA
| | - Eva-Kathrin Ehmoser
- Department of Water-Atmosphere-Environment, Institute of Waste Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 107, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xu Ming
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory of Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai Subcampus, 18 Jinfeng Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation and College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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19
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Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Amorim MJB. The Curious Case of Earthworms and COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101043. [PMID: 34681142 PMCID: PMC8533077 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Earthworms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine, and more than a century ago were praised by Charles Darwin as one of the most important organisms in the history of the world. These worms are well-studied with a wealth of information available, for example on the genome, the gene expression, the immune system, the general biology, and ecology. These worms live in many habitats, and they had to find solutions for severe environmental challenges. The common compost worm, Eisenia fetida, has developed a unique mechanism to deal with intruding (nano)materials, bacteria, and viruses. It deals with the intruders by covering these with a defence toxin (lysenin) targeted to kill the intruder. We outline how this mechanism probably can be used as a therapeutic model for human COVID-19 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) and other corona viruses. Abstract Earthworms have been used for centuries in traditional medicine and are used globally as an ecotoxicological standard test species. Studies of the earthworm Eisenia fetida have shown that exposure to nanomaterials activates a primary corona-response, which is covering the nanomaterial with native proteins, the same response as to biological invaders such as a virus. We outline that the earthworm Eisenia fetida is possibly immune to COVID-19 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2), and we describe the likely mechanisms of highly receptor-specific pore-forming proteins (PFPs). A non-toxic version of this protein is available, and we hypothesize that it is possible to use the earthworm’s PFPs based anti-viral mechanism as a therapeutic model for human SARS-CoV-2 and other corona viruses. The proteins can be used as a drug, for example, delivered with a nanoparticle in a similar way to the current COVID-19 vaccines. Obviously, careful consideration should be given to the potential risk of toxicity elicited by lysenin for in vivo usage. We aim to share this view to activate its exploration by the wider scientific community while promoting a potential therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Biosciences, Aarhus University, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-4025-6803
| | - Monica J. B. Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
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Kokhanyuk B, Bodó K, Sétáló G, Németh P, Engelmann P. Bacterial Engulfment Mechanism Is Strongly Conserved in Evolution Between Earthworm and Human Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733541. [PMID: 34539669 PMCID: PMC8440998 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates, including earthworms, are applied to study the evolutionarily conserved cellular immune processes. Earthworm immunocytes (so-called coelomocytes) are functionally similar to vertebrate myeloid cells and form the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Hereby, we compared the engulfment mechanisms of THP-1 human monocytic cells, differentiated THP-1 (macrophage-like) cells, and Eisenia andrei coelomocytes towards Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria applying various endocytosis inhibitors [amantadine, 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride, colchicine, cytochalasin B, cytochalasin D, methyl-ß-cyclodextrin, and nystatin]. Subsequently, we investigated the messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of immune receptor-related molecules (TLR, MyD88, BPI) and the colocalization of lysosomes with engulfed bacteria following uptake inhibition in every cell type. Actin depolymerization by cytochalasin B and D has strongly inhibited the endocytosis of both bacterial strains in the studied cell types, suggesting the conserved role of actin-dependent phagocytosis. Decreased numbers of colocalized lysosomes/bacteria supported these findings. In THP-1 cells TLR expression was increased upon cytochalasin D pretreatment, while this inhibitor caused a dropped LBP/BPI expression in differentiated THP-1 cells and coelomocytes. The obtained data reveal further insights into the evolution of phagocytes in eukaryotes. Earthworm and human phagocytes possess analogous mechanisms for bacterial internalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdana Kokhanyuk
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Sétáló
- Department of Medical Biology and Central Electron Microscope Laboratory, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,Signal Transduction Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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21
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Amorim MJB, Gansemans Y, Gomes SIL, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Scott-Fordsmand JJ. Annelid genomes: Enchytraeus crypticus, a soil model for the innate (and primed) immune system. Lab Anim (NY) 2021; 50:285-294. [PMID: 34489599 PMCID: PMC8460440 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-021-00831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Enchytraeids (Annelida) are soil invertebrates with worldwide distribution that have served as ecotoxicology models for over 20 years. We present the first high-quality reference genome of Enchytraeus crypticus, assembled from a combination of Pacific Bioscience single-molecule real-time and Illumina sequencing platforms as a 525.2 Mbp genome (910 gapless scaffolds and 18,452 genes). We highlight isopenicillin, acquired by horizontal gene transfer and conferring antibiotic function. Significant gene family expansions associated with regeneration (long interspersed nuclear elements), the innate immune system (tripartite motif-containing protein) and response to stress (cytochrome P450) were identified. The ACE (Angiotensin-converting enzyme) - a homolog of ACE2, which is involved in the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 cell entry - is also present in E. crypticus. There is an obvious potential of using E. crypticus as a model to study interactions between regeneration, the innate immune system and aging-dependent decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica J B Amorim
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Yannick Gansemans
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Susana I L Gomes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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22
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Swartzwelter BJ, Mayall C, Alijagic A, Barbero F, Ferrari E, Hernadi S, Michelini S, Navarro Pacheco NI, Prinelli A, Swart E, Auguste M. Cross-Species Comparisons of Nanoparticle Interactions with Innate Immune Systems: A Methodological Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1528. [PMID: 34207693 PMCID: PMC8230276 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many components of the innate immune system are evolutionarily conserved and shared across many living organisms, from plants and invertebrates to humans. Therefore, these shared features can allow the comparative study of potentially dangerous substances, such as engineered nanoparticles (NPs). However, differences of methodology and procedure between diverse species and models make comparison of innate immune responses to NPs between organisms difficult in many cases. To this aim, this review provides an overview of suitable methods and assays that can be used to measure NP immune interactions across species in a multidisciplinary approach. The first part of this review describes the main innate immune defense characteristics of the selected models that can be associated to NPs exposure. In the second part, the different modes of exposure to NPs across models (considering isolated cells or whole organisms) and the main endpoints measured are discussed. In this synergistic perspective, we provide an overview of the current state of important cross-disciplinary immunological models to study NP-immune interactions and identify future research needs. As such, this paper could be used as a methodological reference point for future nano-immunosafety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Mayall
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Liubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Institut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology–ZMBP Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Szabolcs Hernadi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK;
| | - Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | | | | | - Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK;
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, 16126 Genova, Italy
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23
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Navarro Pacheco NI, Roubalova R, Semerad J, Grasserova A, Benada O, Kofronova O, Cajthaml T, Dvorak J, Bilej M, Prochazkova P. In Vitro Interactions of TiO 2 Nanoparticles with Earthworm Coelomocytes: Immunotoxicity Assessment. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11010250. [PMID: 33477826 PMCID: PMC7832855 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are manufactured worldwide. Once they arrive in the soil environment, they can endanger living organisms. Hence, monitoring and assessing the effects of these nanoparticles is required. We focus on the Eisenia andrei earthworm immune cells exposed to sublethal concentrations of TiO2 NPs (1, 10, and 100 µg/mL) for 2, 6, and 24 h. TiO2 NPs at all concentrations did not affect cell viability. Further, TiO2 NPs did not cause changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and phagocytic activity. Similarly, they did not elicit DNA damage. Overall, we did not detect any toxic effects of TiO2 NPs at the cellular level. At the gene expression level, slight changes were detected. Metallothionein, fetidin/lysenin, lumbricin and MEK kinase I were upregulated in coelomocytes after exposure to 10 µg/mL TiO2 NPs for 6 h. Antioxidant enzyme expression was similar in exposed and control cells. TiO2 NPs were detected on coelomocyte membranes. However, our results do not show any strong effects of these nanoparticles on coelomocytes at both the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Isabel Navarro Pacheco
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Katerinska 1660/32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Roubalova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Jaroslav Semerad
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Grasserova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Oldrich Benada
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Olga Kofronova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University, Benatska 2, 128 01 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Martin Bilej
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (N.I.N.P.); (R.R.); (J.S.); (A.G.); (O.B.); (O.K.); (T.C.); (J.D.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Xu K, Liu YX, Wang XF, Li SW, Cheng JM. Combined toxicity of functionalized nano-carbon black and cadmium on Eisenia fetida coelomocytes: The role of adsorption. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122815. [PMID: 32768857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the potential threats of functionalized nano-carbon black (FNCB) combined with cadmium (Cd) to soil invertebrates. In this study, immunocompetent coelomocytes from Eisenia fetida are harnessed, and the joint cytotoxicity types of FNCB and Cd co-exposure are analyzed. The extracellular interaction mechanisms of FNCB and Cd were completely explored using adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics accompanied by isotherm batch experiments and Fourier infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that functional amorphous carbon nanoparticles up to certain dose may injure cells due to their surface oxygen-containing groups. The MIXTOX model and the combination index suggested that the combined action of FNCB and Cd exhibited antagonism at the low dose/effect-level and synergism at the high dose/effect-level. FNCB decreased the intracellular free Cd2+ content at a low mixture dose, while it increased it at a high mixture dose. The adsorption of Cd on FNCB followed pseudo-second-kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm, hence better indicating a chemisorption, which was also supported by the activation energy (Ea = 36.6 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (ΔH = -98.4 kJ/mol), and functional group changes. Coordination binding should be responsible for the subsequent interaction of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Ya-Xin Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Wang
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Shou-Wang Li
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China
| | - Jie-Min Cheng
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014 Shandong, China.
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In Vitro Study of the Toxicity Mechanisms of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) and Released Iron Ions Using Earthworm Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112189. [PMID: 33153039 PMCID: PMC7692149 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last two decades, nanomaterials based on nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) have ranked among the most utilized remediation technologies for soil and groundwater cleanup. The high reduction capacity of elemental iron (Fe0) allows for the rapid and cost-efficient degradation or transformation of many organic and inorganic pollutants. Although worldwide real and pilot applications show promising results, the effects of nZVI on exposed living organisms are still not well explored. The majority of the recent studies examined toxicity to microbes and to a lesser extent to other organisms that could also be exposed to nZVI via nanoremediation applications. In this work, a novel approach using amoebocytes, the immune effector cells of the earthworm Eisenia andrei, was applied to study the toxicity mechanisms of nZVI. The toxicity of the dissolved iron released during exposure was studied to evaluate the effect of nZVI aging with regard to toxicity and to assess the true environmental risks. The impact of nZVI and associated iron ions was studied in vitro on the subcellular level using different toxicological approaches, such as short-term immunological responses and oxidative stress. The results revealed an increase in reactive oxygen species production following nZVI exposure, as well as a dose-dependent increase in lipid peroxidation. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) and necrosis were detected upon exposure to ferric and ferrous ions, although no lethal effects were observed at environmentally relevant nZVI concentrations. The decreased phagocytic activity further confirmed sublethal adverse effects, even after short-term exposure to ferric and ferrous iron. Detection of sublethal effects, including changes in oxidative stress-related markers such as reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production revealed that nZVI had minimal impacts on exposed earthworm cells. In comparison to other works, this study provides more details regarding the effects of the individual iron forms associated with nZVI aging and the cell toxicity effects on the specific earthworms' immune cells that represent a suitable model for nanomaterial testing.
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Bodó K, Baranzini N, Girardello R, Kokhanyuk B, Németh P, Hayashi Y, Grimaldi A, Engelmann P. Nanomaterials and Annelid Immunity: A Comparative Survey to Reveal the Common Stress and Defense Responses of Two Sentinel Species to Nanomaterials in the Environment. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100307. [PMID: 32977601 PMCID: PMC7598252 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nanotechnology is a dynamically developing field producing large amounts of nanocompounds that are applied in industry, daily life, and health care. During production, use, and waste these materials could end up in water or soil. Large scale contaminations of our environment are a threat to public health. Pollution can have harmful effects on the immune system, as revealed by numerous studies in humans and other vertebrates. The relative simplicity of invertebrate immune functions offers potentially sensitive and accessible means of monitoring the effects and complex interactions of nanoparticles which ultimately affect host resistance. Among terrestrial and freshwater invertebrates, earthworms and leeches are the “keystone” species to evaluate the health of our ecosystems. In this review we compare the conserved stress and immune responses of these invertebrate model organisms toward nanoparticles. The obtained knowledge provides exciting insights into the conserved molecular and cellular mechanisms of nanomaterial-related toxicity in invertebrates and vertebrates. Understanding the unique characteristics of engineered nanoproducts and their interactions with biological systems in our environment is essential to the safe realization of these materials in novel biomedical applications. Abstract Earthworms and leeches are sentinel animals that represent the annelid phylum within terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, respectively. One early stress signal in these organisms is related to innate immunity, but how nanomaterials affect it is poorly characterized. In this survey, we compare the latest literature on earthworm and leeches with examples of their molecular/cellular responses to inorganic (silver nanoparticles) and organic (carbon nanotubes) nanomaterials. A special focus is placed on the role of annelid immunocytes in the evolutionarily conserved antioxidant and immune mechanisms and protein corona formation and probable endocytosis pathways involved in nanomaterial uptake. Our summary helps to realize why these environmental sentinels are beneficial to study the potential detrimental effects of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Bodó
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Nicoló Baranzini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
| | - Rossana Girardello
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Bohdana Kokhanyuk
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
| | - Yuya Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark;
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy; (N.B.); (R.G.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
| | - Péter Engelmann
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti u, 12, 7643 Pécs, Hungary; (K.B.); (B.K.); (P.N.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (P.E.); Tel.: +39-0332-421-325 (A.G.); +36-72-536-288 (P.E.); Fax: +39-0332-421-326 (A.G.); +36-72-536-289 (P.E.)
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27
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Swart E, Dvorak J, Hernádi S, Goodall T, Kille P, Spurgeon D, Svendsen C, Prochazkova P. The Effects of In Vivo Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles on the Gut Microbiome, Host Immunity, and Susceptibility to a Bacterial Infection in Earthworms. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1337. [PMID: 32659907 PMCID: PMC7408611 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials (NMs) can interact with the innate immunity of organisms. It remains, however, unclear whether these interactions can compromise the immune functioning of the host when faced with a disease threat. Co-exposure with pathogens is thus a powerful approach to assess the immuno-safety of NMs. In this paper, we studied the impacts of in vivo exposure to a biocidal NM on the gut microbiome, host immune responses, and susceptibility of the host to a bacterial challenge in an earthworm. Eisenia fetida were exposed to CuO-nanoparticles in soil for 28 days, after which the earthworms were challenged with the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis. Immune responses were monitored by measuring mRNA levels of known earthworm immune genes. Effects of treatments on the gut microbiome were also assessed to link microbiome changes to immune responses. Treatments caused a shift in the earthworm gut microbiome. Despite these effects, no impacts of treatment on the expression of earthworm immune markers were recorded. The methodological approach applied in this paper provides a useful framework for improved assessment of immuno-safety of NMs. In addition, we highlight the need to investigate time as a factor in earthworm immune responses to NM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Jiri Dvorak
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Szabolcs Hernádi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (S.H.); (P.K.)
| | - Tim Goodall
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (S.H.); (P.K.)
| | - David Spurgeon
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Claus Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK; (T.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (J.D.); (P.P.)
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Boraschi D, Alijagic A, Auguste M, Barbero F, Ferrari E, Hernadi S, Mayall C, Michelini S, Navarro Pacheco NI, Prinelli A, Swart E, Swartzwelter BJ, Bastús NG, Canesi L, Drobne D, Duschl A, Ewart MA, Horejs-Hoeck J, Italiani P, Kemmerling B, Kille P, Prochazkova P, Puntes VF, Spurgeon DJ, Svendsen C, Wilde CJ, Pinsino A. Addressing Nanomaterial Immunosafety by Evaluating Innate Immunity across Living Species. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000598. [PMID: 32363795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a living organism with external foreign agents is a central issue for its survival and adaptation to the environment. Nanosafety should be considered within this perspective, and it should be examined that how different organisms interact with engineered nanomaterials (NM) by either mounting a defensive response or by physiologically adapting to them. Herein, the interaction of NM with one of the major biological systems deputed to recognition of and response to foreign challenges, i.e., the immune system, is specifically addressed. The main focus is innate immunity, the only type of immunity in plants, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates, and that coexists with adaptive immunity in higher vertebrates. Because of their presence in the majority of eukaryotic living organisms, innate immune responses can be viewed in a comparative context. In the majority of cases, the interaction of NM with living organisms results in innate immune reactions that eliminate the possible danger with mechanisms that do not lead to damage. While in some cases such interaction may lead to pathological consequences, in some other cases beneficial effects can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Boraschi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Andi Alijagic
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Manon Auguste
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, 16126, Italy
| | - Francesco Barbero
- Institut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - ZMBP, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Szabolcs Hernadi
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Craig Mayall
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Liubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Sara Michelini
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | | | | | - Elmer Swart
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Neus G Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genova, Genova, 16126, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Liubljana, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | | | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Paola Italiani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Birgit Kemmerling
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology - ZMBP, Eberhard-Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Peter Kille
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - Petra Prochazkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Victor F Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanosciència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Vall d Hebron, Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | | | - Claus Svendsen
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | | | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, 90146, Italy
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Alsaleh NB, Minarchick VC, Mendoza RP, Sharma B, Podila R, Brown JM. Silver nanoparticle immunomodulatory potential in absence of direct cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 macrophages and MPRO 2.1 neutrophils. J Immunotoxicol 2020; 16:63-73. [PMID: 31282784 PMCID: PMC7135879 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2019.1588928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) are being used in a wide range of consumer products and pharmaceuticals; hence, there is an increasing risk for human exposure and potential adverse outcomes. The immune system, vital in host defense and protection against environmental agents, is typically initiated and executed by innate effector immune cells including macrophages and neutrophils. Previous literature has reported the immune system as a major target of ENM toxicity; however, there is inconsistency regarding the immunotoxicity of ENM. This could be attributed to differences in ENM physicochemical properties, cellular models examined, biocorona formation, etc. Thus, the current study examined the toxicity and immunomodulatory effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP), one of the most utilized ENM in consumer and medical products, in two key innate immune cell models, e.g. RAW 264.7 cells (macrophages) and differentiated MPRO 2.1 cells (promyelocytes/neutrophils). The results showed that despite a generation of reactive oxygen species, exposure to 20 nm citrate-coated AgNP was not associated with major oxidative damage, inflammatory responses, nor cytotoxicity. Nevertheless, and most importantly, pre-exposure to the AgNP for 24 h enhanced RAW 264.7 cell phagocytic ability as well as the release of inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In MPRO 2.1 cells, AgNP pre-exposure also resulted in enhanced phagocytic ability; however, these cells manifest reduced cell degranulation (elastase release) and oxidative burst in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Taken together, these findings indicated to us that exposure to AgNP, despite not being directly (cyto)toxic to these cells, had the potential to alter immune cell responses. The findings underscore the import of assessing immune cell function post-exposure to ENM beyond the standard endpoints such as oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. In addition, these findings further illustrate the importance of understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of ENM-cellular interactions, particularly in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B Alsaleh
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Valerie C Minarchick
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Ryan P Mendoza
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Bipin Sharma
- b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-biophysics , Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Ramakrishna Podila
- b Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laboratory of Nano-biophysics , Clemson University , Clemson , SC , USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Colorado Center for Nanomedicine and Nanosafety, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora , CO , USA
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Magrone T, Russo MA, Jirillo E. Impact of Heavy Metals on Host Cells: Special Focus on Nickel-Mediated Pathologies and Novel Interventional Approaches. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2019; 20:1041-1058. [PMID: 31782370 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666191129120253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals [arsenic, aluminium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel (Ni), palladium and titanium] are environmental contaminants able to impact with host human cells, thus, leading to severe damage. OBJECTIVE In this review, the detrimental effects of several heavy metals on human organs will be discussed and special emphasis will be placed on Ni. In particular, Ni is able to interact with Toll-like receptor-4 on immune and non-immune cells, thus, triggering the cascade of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Then, inflammatory and allergic reactions mediated by Ni will be illustrated within different organs, even including the central nervous system, airways and the gastrointestinal system. DISCUSSION Different therapeutic strategies have been adopted to mitigate Ni-induced inflammatoryallergic reactions. In this context, the ability of polyphenols to counteract the inflammatory pathway induced by Ni on peripheral blood leukocytes from Ni-sensitized patients will be outlined. In particular, polyphenols are able to decrease serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, while increasing levels of IL- 10. These data suggest that the equilibrium between T regulatory cells and T helper 17 cells is recovered with IL-10 acting as an anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the same context, polyphenols reduced elevated serum levels of nitric oxide, thus, expressing their anti-oxidant potential. Finally, the carcinogenic potential of heavy metals, even including Ni, will be highlighted. CONCLUSION Heavy metals, particularly Ni, are spread in the environment. Nutritional approaches seem to represent a novel option in the treatment of Ni-induced damage and, among them, polyphenols should be taken into consideration for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Magrone
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Matteo A Russo
- MEBIC Consortium, San Raffaele Open University of Rome and IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Garcia-Velasco N, Irizar A, Urionabarrenetxea E, Scott-Fordsmand JJ, Soto M. Selection of an optimal culture medium and the most responsive viability assay to assess AgNPs toxicity with primary cultures of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109545. [PMID: 31446174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Earthworm immune cells (coelomocytes) have become a target system in ecotoxicology due to their sensitivity against a wide range of pollutants, including silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Presently, in vitro approaches (viability assays in microplate, flow cytometry, cell sorting) with primary cultures of Eisenia fetida coelomocytes have been successfully used to test the toxicity and the dissimilar response of cell subpopulations (amoebocytes and eleocytes) after PVP-PEI coated AgNPs and AgNO3 exposures. In order to obtain reliable data and to accurately assess toxicity with coelomocytes, first an optimal culture medium and the most responsive assay were determined. AgNPs posed a gradual decrease in coelomocytes viability, establishing the LC50 value in RPMI-1640 medium at 6 mg/l and discarding that the observed cytotoxicity was attributable to its coating agent PVP-PEI. Exposure to AgNPs caused selective cytotoxicity in amoebocytes, which correlated with the Ag concentrations measured in sorted amoebocytes and reinforced the idea of dissimilar sensitivities among amoebocytes and eleocytes. Silver nano and ionic forms exerted similar toxicity in coelomocytes. The in vitro approaches with coelomocytes of E. fetida performed in this study have the capacity to predict impairments caused by pollutants at longer exposure levels and thus, provide rapid and valuable information for eco(nano)toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - A Irizar
- Department of Bioscience - Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25. Building M3.14, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - E Urionabarrenetxea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - J J Scott-Fordsmand
- Department of Bioscience - Soil Fauna Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Vejlsøvej 25. Building M3.14, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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Cell In Vitro Testing with Soil Invertebrates-Challenges and Opportunities toward Modeling the Effect of Nanomaterials: A Surface-Modified CuO Case Study. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9081087. [PMID: 31362366 PMCID: PMC6723996 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Soil invertebrates have been widely used in ecotoxicology studies for decades, although their use as in vitro models, albeit promising, has not been pursued as much. The immune cells of earthworms (coelomocytes) and the coelomic fluid can be used, and are a highly relevant in vitro system. Although it has been tested before, to cover the testing of nanomaterials (NMs), several challenges should be considered. NMs characteristics (dispersibility, agglomeration, etc.) can interfere with the common in vitro methodologies, not only during exposure, but also during the measurements. Here, we have assessed the effect of a CuO NMs case study using surface-modified particles, functionalized for safe-by-design strategies with ascorbate, citrate, polyethylenimine, and polyvinylpyrrolidinone, plus the pristine CuO NMs and copper chloride (CuCl2) for comparison. Eisenia fetida’s coelomocytes were exposed for 24 h via the coelomic fluid. Changes in cell viability were evaluated using flow cytometry. All materials affected the cells in a dose-related manner, where CuCl2 was the most toxic followed by the citrate-coated CuO NM. There was a strong correlation between NM characteristics, e.g., the hydrodynamic size, and the EC50 (50% Effect Concentrations) values. This screening further confirms the potential for the usage of the standard earthworm model as an in vitro standard. Further detailed in vitro studies are needed using other NMs aiming toward their implementation and standardization. Additional cell endpoints can also be assessed, making it a high content tool for mechanistic understanding.
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Bourdineaud JP, Štambuk A, Šrut M, Radić Brkanac S, Ivanković D, Lisjak D, Sauerborn Klobučar R, Dragun Z, Bačić N, Klobučar GIV. Gold and silver nanoparticles effects to the earthworm Eisenia fetida - the importance of tissue over soil concentrations. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 44:12-29. [PMID: 30945571 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1567757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To address and to compare the respective impact of gold and silver nanoparticles (Au and Ag NPs) in soil invertebrate, the earthworm Eisenia fetida was exposed to soil containing 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg of Au and Ag in both nanoparticulate and ionic forms for 10 days. Both metal NPs were 2-15 times less bioavailable than their ionic forms, and displayed similar transfer coefficients from soil to earthworm tissues. Both metal NPs triggered the onset of an oxidative stress as illustrated by increased glutathione S-transferase levels, decreased catalase levels, and increased malondialdehyde concentrations. Protein carbonylation distinguished the nanoparticular from the ionic forms as its increase was observed only after exposure to the highest concentration of both metal NPs. Au and Ag NPs triggered DNA modifications even at the lowest concentration, and both repressed the expression of genes involved in the general defense and stress response at high concentrations as did their ionic counterparts. Despite the fact that both metal NPs were less bioavailable than their ionic forms, at equivalent concentrations accumulated within earthworms tissues they exerted equal or higher toxic potential than their ionic counterparts.Capsule: At equivalent concentrations accumulated within earthworm tissues Au and Ag NPs exert equal or higher toxic potential than their ionic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- CNRS, Laboratory of Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Šrut
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Botany, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Lisjak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zrinka Dragun
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Niko Bačić
- Department for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Göran I V Klobučar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Division of Zoology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Martínez-Paz P, Negri V, Esteban-Arranz A, Martínez-Guitarte JL, Ballesteros P, Morales M. Effects at molecular level of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in Chironomus riparius (DIPTERA) aquatic larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 209:42-48. [PMID: 30690261 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, due to the physical, chemical, electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNT), its have been currently incorporated into biomedical products and they are employed in drug delivery drug administration, biosensor design, microbial treatments, consumer products, and new products containing CNT are expected in the future. CNT are hydrophobic and have a tendency to accumulate in sediments if they are released into aquatic ecosystems. Vertebrate studies have revealed concerns about the toxicity of carbon nanotubes, but there is very limited data on the toxic effects in aquatic invertebrate species. The aim of the present study is to determine the effects of MWCNT in Chironomus riparius at the molecular level, understanding its mode of action and analyzing the suitability of this species to monitor and assess risk of nanomaterials in aquatic ecosystems. To evaluate possible toxic effects caused by carbon nanotube environmental dispersion with regard to aquatic compartment, we study the mRNA levels of several related genes with DNA repairing mechanisms, cell stress response, cell apoptosis and cytoskeleton by Real-Time PCR and proposed a freshwater invertebrate C. riparius, which is a reference organism in aquatic toxicology. The obtained results show a transcriptional alteration of some genes included in this study, indicating that different cell processes are affected and providing one the first evidences in the mechanisms of action of MWCNT in invertebrates. Moreover, this data reinforces the need for further studies to assess the environmental risk of nanomaterial to prevent future damage to aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Martínez-Paz
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Negri
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica e Imagen Molecular por Resonancia Magnética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Esteban-Arranz
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - José Luis Martínez-Guitarte
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Ballesteros
- Laboratorio de Síntesis Orgánica e Imagen Molecular por Resonancia Magnética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Morales
- Grupo de Biología y Toxicología Ambiental, Departamento de Física Matemática y de Fluidos, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), C/ Senda del Rey 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Rai PK, Kumar V, Lee S, Raza N, Kim KH, Ok YS, Tsang DCW. Nanoparticle-plant interaction: Implications in energy, environment, and agriculture. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 119:1-19. [PMID: 29909166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In the recent techno-scientific revolution, nanotechnology has gained popularity at a rapid pace in different sectors and disciplines, specifically environmental, sensing, bioenergy, and agricultural systems. Controlled, easy, economical, and safe synthesis of nanomaterials is desired for the development of new-age nanotechnology. In general, nanomaterial synthesis techniques, such as chemical synthesis, are not completely safe or environmentally friendly due to harmful chemicals used or to toxic by-products produced. Moreover, a few nanomaterials are present as by-product during washing process, which may accumulate in water, air, and soil system to pose serious threats to plants, animals, and microbes. In contrast, using plants for nanomaterial (especially nanoparticle) synthesis has proven to be environmentally safe and economical. The role of plants as a source of nanoparticles is also likely to expand the number of options for sustainable green renewable energy, especially in biorefineries. Despite several advantages of nanotechnology, the nano-revolution has aroused concerns in terms of the fate of nanoparticles in the environment because of the potential health impacts caused by nanotoxicity upon their release. In the present panoramic review, we discuss the possibility that a multitudinous array of nanoparticles may find applications convergent with human welfare based on the synthesis of diverse nanoparticles from plants and their extracts. The significance of plant-nanoparticle interactions has been elucidated further for nanoparticle synthesis, applications of nanoparticles, and the disadvantages of using plants for synthesizing nanoparticles. Finally, we discuss future prospects of plant-nanoparticle interactions in relation to the environment, energy, and agriculture with implications in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Vanish Kumar
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - SangSoo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Nadeem Raza
- Govt. Emerson College, affiliated with Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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O'Connell GC, Treadway MB, Petrone AB, Tennant CS, Lucke-Wold N, Chantler PD, Barr TL. Leukocyte Dynamics Influence Reference Gene Stability in Whole Blood: Data-Driven qRT-PCR Normalization Is a Robust Alternative for Measurement of Transcriptional Biomarkers. Lab Med 2018; 48:346-356. [PMID: 29069468 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of reference genes for normalization of whole blood qRT-PCR data may be problematic in conditions such as stroke which induce alterations in white blood cell differential. In this study, we assessed the influence of stroke on the stability of commonly employed reference genes, and we evaluated data-driven normalization as an alternative. Methods Peripheral whole blood was sampled from 33 stroke patients and 29 controls, and qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of 10 target genes whose transcripts are known stroke biomarkers. Target gene expression levels were normalized via those of 2 frequently cited reference genes (ACTB and B2M) as well as with the NORMA-Gene data-driven normalization algorithm. Results Whole blood expression levels of reference genes were significantly altered in stroke patients relative to controls. In comparison to normalization via reference genes, NORMA-Gene produced more robust target gene expression data in terms of differential expression dynamics, variance properties, and diagnostic performance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that whole blood expression levels of commonly used reference genes may be sensitive to changes in white blood cell differential, and that data-driven qRT-PCR normalization approaches offer a powerful alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C O'Connell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | | | - Ashley B Petrone
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Connie S Tennant
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Noelle Lucke-Wold
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.,Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Ghosh S. Environmental pollutants, pathogens and immune system in earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:6196-6208. [PMID: 29327186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1167-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Earthworms also known as farmer's friends are natural tillers of soil. They belong to Phylum Annelida and class Oligochaeta. Acid soils with organic matter and surface humus maintain the largest fauna of worms and earthworms. Due to their habitat in soil, they are constantly exposed to microbes and pollution generated by anthropogenic sources. Studies have revealed that damage of the immune system of earthworms can lead to alterations of both morphological and cellular characteristics of worms, activation of signalling pathways and can strongly influence their survival. Therefore, the understanding of the robust immune system in earthworms has become very important from the point of view of understanding its role in combating pathogens and pollutants and its role in indicating the soil pollution. In this article, we have outlined the (i) components of the immune system and (ii) their function of immunological responses on exposure to pollutants and pathogens. This study finds importance from the point of view of ecotoxicology and monitoring of earthworm health and exploring the scope of earthworm immune system components as biomarkers of pollutants and environmental toxicity. The future scope of this review remains in understanding the earthworm immunobiology and indicating strong biomarkers for pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamasree Ghosh
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 752050, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Rorat A, Vandenbulcke F, Gałuszka A, Klimek B, Plytycz B. Protective role of metallothionein during regeneration in Eisenia andrei exposed to cadmium. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 203:39-50. [PMID: 29038073 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lumbricid earthworms are often exposed to simultaneous action of various environmental stressors like soil contamination, temperature fluctuation or predators' attacks, which may induce extrusion of coelomocyte-containing coelomic fluid or loss of tail segments. If the injuries are not lethal, renewal of the immune-competent cells and soluble components of coelomic fluid and/or the regeneration of tail segments occurs. The aim of our investigations was to test the hypothesis that exposure of adult earthworms Eisenia andrei to cadmium-polluted soil at room temperature (RT) and/or low temperature (6°C) have adverse effects on restoration of experimentally depleted coelomocytes or on regeneration of amputated posterior segments. Intact control earthworms and their experimental counterparts subjected to electrostimulation-induced coelomocyte depletion or surgical amputation of posterior segments were maintained either in control soil or in soil spiked with cadmium chloride (500mg/kg air-dried soil) at RT or 6°C. Four weeks after the beginning of experiments, cadmium accumulation in earthworm bodies was significantly lower at 6°C than at room temperature. The numbers of restored cells and fluorophore contents were hardly affected by temperature or cadmium. However, cocoon production was reduced by cadmium and completely abolished at 6°C and regeneration of amputated posterior segments was inhibited in cold but was enhanced by cadmium exposure at RT. Independently on the temperature, the 4-week cadmium exposure of adult earthworms was connected with significantly upregulated expression of Cd-metallothionein (but not of catalase, lysenin and phytochelatin) in coelomocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rorat
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa, Poland; Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, SN3 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, SN3 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Adrianna Gałuszka
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Klimek
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Plytycz
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Bermejo-Nogales A, Fernández-Cruz ML, Navas JM. Fish cell lines as a tool for the ecotoxicity assessment and ranking of engineered nanomaterials. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:297-307. [PMID: 28966106 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Risk assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is being hindered by the sheer production volume of these materials. In this regard, the grouping and ranking of ENMs appears as a promising strategy. Here we sought to evaluate the usefulness of in vitro systems based on fish cell lines for ranking a set of ENMs on the basis of their cytotoxicity. We used the topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida) liver cell line (PLHC-1) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fibroblast-like gonadal cell line (RTG-2). ENMs were obtained from the EU Joint Research Centre repository. The size frequency distribution of ENM suspensions in cell culture media was characterized. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after 24 h of exposure. PLHC-1 cells exhibited higher sensitivity to the ENMs than RTG-2 cells. ZnO-NM was found to exert toxicity mainly by altering lysosome function and metabolic activity, while multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) caused plasma membrane disruption at high concentrations. The hazard ranking for toxicity (ZnO-NM > MWCNT ≥ CeO2-NM = SiO2-NM) was inversely related to the ranking in size detected in culture medium. Our findings reveal the suitability of fish cell lines for establishing hazard rankings of ENMs in the framework of integrated approaches to testing and assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bermejo-Nogales
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Garcia-Velasco N, Peña-Cearra A, Bilbao E, Zaldibar B, Soto M. Integrative assessment of the effects produced by Ag nanoparticles at different levels of biological complexity in Eisenia fetida maintained in two standard soils (OECD and LUFA 2.3). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:747-758. [PMID: 28478235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a potential risk to increase the release of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) into the environment: For instance. in soils receiving sludge models estimate 0.007 mg Ag NPs kg-1 that will annually increase due to sludge or sludge incineration residues land-disposal. Thus, the concern about the hazards of nanosilver to soils and soil invertebrates is growing. Studies performed up to now have been focused in traditional endpoints, used limit range concentrations and employed different soil types that differ in physico-chemical characteristics. Presently, effects of Ag NPs have been measured at different levels of biological complexity in Eisenia fetida, exposed for 3 and 14 d to high but sublethal (50 mg Ag NPs kg-1) and close to modeled environmental concentrations (0.05 mg Ag NPs kg-1). Since characteristics of the exposure matrix may limit the response of the organisms to these concentrations, experiments were carried out in OECD and LUFA soils, the most used standard soils. High concentrations of Ag NPs increased catalase activity and DNA damage in OECD soils after 14 d while in LUFA 2.3 soils produced earlier effects (weight loss, decrease in cell viability and increase in catalase activity at day 3). At day 14, LUFA 2.3 (low clay and organic matter-OM-) could have provoked starvation of earthworms, masking Ag NPs toxicity. The concentration close to modeled environmental concentrations produced effects uniquely in LUFA 2.3 soil. Accurate physico-chemical characteristics of the standard soils are crucial to assess the toxicity exerted by Ag NPs in E. fetida since low clay and OM contents can be considered toxicity enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - A Peña-Cearra
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - E Bilbao
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - B Zaldibar
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - M Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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Patricia CS, Nerea GV, Erik U, Elena SM, Eider B, Darío DMW, Manu S. Responses to silver nanoparticles and silver nitrate in a battery of biomarkers measured in coelomocytes and in target tissues of Eisenia fetida earthworms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 141:57-63. [PMID: 28314142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current use and development of applications with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) could lead to potential inputs of these NPs to soils. Consequently, it is crucial to understand the ecotoxicological risks posed by Ag NPs in the terrestrial compartment. In the present investigation, the effects produced by PVP-PEI coated Ag NPs were assessed in Eisenia fetida earthworms in comparison with the soluble form (AgNO3). Earthworms were exposed for 1, 3 and 14 days to a range of sublethal concentrations of Ag (0, 0.05 and 50mg/kg) and at each exposure time, apart from mortality and weight loss of individuals, metallothionein (MT) protein concentration and catalase (CAT) activity were quantified in earthworm tissues. In addition, cellular and molecular level endpoints (cell viability, absolute and relative trophic indices and transcription levels of catalase-cat- and metallothionein-mt-) were measured in coelomocytes extruded from exposed earthworms. Despite the lack of effects in traditional endpoints (mortality and weight loss), Ag NPs and AgNO3 posed changes at lower levels of biological complexity (biochemical, cellular and molecular levels). Both Ag forms induced similar changes in the metal detoxification mechanism (MT, mt) and in the antioxidant response system (CAT, cat) of E. fetida. In contrast, Ag form dependant cytotoxicity and subpopulation ratio alterations (eleocytes/amoebocytes) were recorded in extruded coelomocytes. Complementarily, the use of coelomocytes to assess molecular level endpoints represented a relevant alternative for development of non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curieses Silvana Patricia
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1023 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ecotoxicology Research Program, Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján, P.O. Box 221, B6700 Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - García-Velasco Nerea
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, and Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urionabarrenetxea Erik
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, and Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Sáenz María Elena
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1023 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ecotoxicology Research Program, Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján, P.O. Box 221, B6700 Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bilbao Eider
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, and Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Di Marzio Walter Darío
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Researches CONICET, Av. Rivadavia 1917, 1023 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Ecotoxicology Research Program, Department of Basic Sciences, National University of Luján, P.O. Box 221, B6700 Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Soto Manu
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology, and Zoology and Animal Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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Bourdineaud JP, Šrut M, Štambuk A, Tkalec M, Brèthes D, Malarić K, Klobučar GI.V. Electromagnetic fields at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) trigger the onset of general stress response along with DNA modifications in Eisenia fetida earthworms. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017; 68:142-152. [DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Eisenia fetida earthworms were exposed to electromagnetic field (EMF) at a mobile phone frequency (900 MHz) and at field levels ranging from 10 to 120 V m-1 for a period of two hours (corresponding to specific absorption rates ranging from 0.13 to 9.33 mW kg-1). Potential effects of longer exposure (four hours), field modulation, and a recovery period of 24 h after two hours of exposure were addressed at the field level of 23 V m-1. All exposure treatments induced significant DNA modifications as assessed by a quantitative random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR. Even after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, the number of probe hybridisation sites displayed a significant two-fold decrease as compared to untreated control earthworms, implying a loss of hybridisation sites and a persistent genotoxic effect of EMF. Expression of genes involved in the response to general stress (HSP70 encoding the 70 kDa heat shock protein, and MEKK1 involved in signal transduction), oxidative stress (CAT, encoding catalase), and chemical and immune defence (LYS, encoding lysenin, and MYD, encoding a myeloid differentiation factor) were up-regulated after exposure to 10 and modulated 23 V m-1 field levels. Western blots showing an increased quantity of HSP70 and MTCO1 proteins confirmed this stress response. HSP70 and LYS genes were up-regulated after 24 h of recovery following a two hour-exposure, meaning that the effect of EMF exposure lasted for hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Bourdineaud
- Fundamental Microbiology and Pathogenicity Laboratory, European Institute of Chemistry and Biology, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5234, 2, rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac , France
| | - Maja Šrut
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Mirta Tkalec
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Daniel Brèthes
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Krešimir Malarić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Göran I .V. Klobučar
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb , Croatia
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43
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Kwak JI, Park JW, An YJ. Effects of silver nanowire length and exposure route on cytotoxicity to earthworms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:14516-14524. [PMID: 28452028 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To accurately evaluate the environmental toxicity of silver nanowires (AgNWs), it is necessary to characterize how the cytotoxicity of these nanomaterials is affected by the route of exposure. However, few studies have addressed the exposure route or mechanism of toxicity of nanomaterials, particularly of nanowires, in living organisms. In this study, we therefore analyzed the main exposure route of AgNWs in vitro, using earthworms (Eisenia andrei) as a model system, via flow cytometry. We subsequently examined the in vivo toxicity of AgNWs to earthworms in soil. These tests revealed that intracellular esterase activity was correlated with adsorption of the nanowires to the surfaces of coelomocytes in vitro, and that in vivo cytotoxicity resulted mainly from oral, rather than dermal, exposure to the nanowires. Overall, shorter AgNWs (10 μm) were more toxic than longer AgNWs (20 μm). To our knowledge, this study is the first report regarding the ecotoxicity of nanowires to earthworms in soil. Our findings provide important information to help assess the risk of toxic AgNW contamination of soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Il Kwak
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 210 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea
| | - June-Woo Park
- Center for Research in Environmental Biology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Youn-Joo An
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Konkuk University, 210 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, South Korea.
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44
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Calderón-Jiménez B, Johnson ME, Montoro Bustos AR, Murphy KE, Winchester MR, Vega Baudrit JR. Silver Nanoparticles: Technological Advances, Societal Impacts, and Metrological Challenges. Front Chem 2017; 5:6. [PMID: 28271059 PMCID: PMC5318410 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) show different physical and chemical properties compared to their macroscale analogs. This is primarily due to their small size and, consequently, the exceptional surface area of these materials. Presently, advances in the synthesis, stabilization, and production of AgNPs have fostered a new generation of commercial products and intensified scientific investigation within the nanotechnology field. The use of AgNPs in commercial products is increasing and impacts on the environment and human health are largely unknown. This article discusses advances in AgNP production and presents an overview of the commercial, societal, and environmental impacts of this emerging nanoparticle (NP), and nanomaterials in general. Finally, we examine the challenges associated with AgNP characterization, discuss the importance of the development of NP reference materials (RMs) and explore their role as a metrological mechanism to improve the quality and comparability of NP measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Calderón-Jiménez
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD, USA
- Chemical Metrology Division, National Laboratory of MetrologySan Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Monique E. Johnson
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Antonio R. Montoro Bustos
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Karen E. Murphy
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael R. Winchester
- Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyGaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - José R. Vega Baudrit
- National Laboratory of Nanotechnology, National Center of High TechnologySan Jose, Costa Rica
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Bermejo-Nogales A, Fernández M, Fernández-Cruz ML, Navas JM. Effects of a silver nanomaterial on cellular organelles and time course of oxidative stress in a fish cell line (PLHC-1). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:54-65. [PMID: 27544301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among the nanomaterials currently in commercial products, those based on silver are the most used, and so there is a high probability that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) will be released into aquatic environments where they could adversely affect aquatic organisms, including fish. Taking this into account, the aim of the present work was to characterize in depth the mechanisms underlying the toxic action of AgNPs using fish cell lines, determining specifically the contribution of alterations in cellular structures and oxidative stress time course to the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Since liver plays a key role in detoxification, the hepatoma cell line PLHC-1 was used. Exposure to AgNPs (NM-300K, obtained from the Joint Research Centre Repository) caused alterations at the lysosomal and mitochondrial levels at lower concentrations than those that disrupted plasma membrane (evaluated by means of neutral red, alamarBlue, and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate, acetoxymethyl ester assays respectively). AgNO3, used as a control Ag+ ion source, produced similar cytotoxic effects but at lower concentrations than AgNPs. Both silver forms caused oxidative disruption but the initial response was delayed in AgNPs until 6h of exposure. Transmission electron microscopy analysis also evidenced the disruption of mitochondrial structures in cells exposed to cytotoxic concentrations of both forms of silver. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, AgNPs were detected inside the nucleoli and mitochondria, thereby pointing to long-term effects. The present work evidences the mutual interaction between the induction of oxidative stress and the alterations of cellular structures, particularly mitochondria, as cytotoxicity mechanisms not exclusively associated to NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bermejo-Nogales
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Fernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida. Complutense 22, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M L Fernández-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Carretera de la Coruña, Km 7.5, Madrid, Spain.
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46
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Garcia-Velasco N, Gandariasbeitia M, Irizar A, Soto M. Uptake route and resulting toxicity of silver nanoparticles in Eisenia fetida earthworm exposed through Standard OECD Tests. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:1543-1555. [PMID: 27614742 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in silver nanoparticles toxicity still few works dealt with the hazards of nanosized Ag in soils (either dissolved in pore water or coupled to colloids) although disposal of biosolids in landfills has been reported as the major source of silver nanoparticles in terrestrial environments. Presently, Eisenia fetida was used to assess the toxicity of 5 nm sized PVP-PEI coated silver nanoparticles in soil through the implementation of different exposure media Standard Toxicity Tests (Paper Contact and Artificial Soil -OECD-207- and Reproduction -OECD-222- Tests) together with cellular biomarkers measured in extruded coelomocytes. In order to decipher the mode of action of silver nanoparticles in soil and the uptake routes in earthworms, special attention was given to the Ag accumulation and distribution in tissues. High Ag accumulation rates, weight loss, and mortality due to the disruption of the tegument could be the result of a dermal absorption of Ag ions released from silver nanoparticles (Paper Contact Test). However, autometallography showed metals mainly localized in the digestive tract after Artificial Soil Test, suggesting that Ag uptake occurred mostly through soil ingestion. That is, silver nanoparticles attached to soil colloids seemed to be internalized in earthworms after ingestion of soil and transferred to the digestive gut epithelium where at high doses they have triggered severe effects at different levels of biological complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Garcia-Velasco
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maite Gandariasbeitia
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Amaia Irizar
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Manuel Soto
- Cell Biology in Environmental Toxicology (CBET) Research Group, Dept. Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE-UPV/EHU, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, E-48080, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
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47
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Calisi A, Grimaldi A, Leomanni A, Lionetto MG, Dondero F, Schettino T. Multibiomarker response in the earthworm Eisenia fetida as tool for assessing multi-walled carbon nanotube ecotoxicity. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 25:677-687. [PMID: 26892788 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1626-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have received a great attention in the last years thanks to their remarkable structural, electrical, and chemical properties. Nowadays carbon nanotubes are increasingly found in terrestrial and aquatic environment and potential harmful impacts of these nanoparticles on humans and wildlife are attracting increasing research and public attention. The effects of carbon nanotubes on aquatic organisms have been explored by several authors, but comparatively the information available on the impact of these particles on soil organisms is much less. Earthworms have traditionally been considered to be convenient indicators of land use impact and soil fertility. The aim of this work was to study the integrated response of a suite of biomarkers covering molecular to whole organism endpoints for the assessment of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) effects on earthworms (Eisenia fetida) exposed to spiked soil. Results showed that cellular and biochemical responses, such as immune cells morphometric alterations and lysosomal membrane destabilization, acetylcholinesterase inhibition and metallothionein tissue concentration changes, showed high sensitivity to MWCNTs exposure. They can improve our understanding and ability to predict chronic toxicity outcomes of MWCNTs exposure such as reproductive alterations. In this context although more investigation is needed to understand the mechanistic pathway relating the biochemical and cellular biomarker analyzed to reproductive alterations, the obtained results give an early contribution to the future development of an adverse outcomes pathways for MWCNTs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - A Grimaldi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - A Leomanni
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - M G Lionetto
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
| | - F Dondero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Alessandria, Italy
| | - T Schettino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DiSTeBA), Università del Salento, Via prov.le Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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48
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Molecular characterization and toxicological effects of citrate-coated silver nanoparticles in a terrestrial invertebrate, the earthworm (Eisenia fetida). Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-015-0045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
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49
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Walters CR, Cheng P, Pool E, Somerset V. Effect of temperature on oxidative stress parameters and enzyme activity in tissues of Cape River crab (Potamanautes perlatus) following exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2016; 79:61-70. [PMID: 26730549 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1106357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers of oxidative stress have been widely used in environmental assessments to evaluate the effects of exposure of aquatic organisms to contaminants from various anthropogenic sources. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP), the most produced NP worldwide and used in several consumer products, are known to produce oxidative stress in aquatic organisms. Similarly, temperature is also known to affect reactive oxygen species (ROS) by influencing the inputs of contaminants into the environment, as well as altering behavior, fate, and transport. Aquatic ecosystems are affected by both anthropogenic releases of contaminants and increased temperature. To test this hypothesis, the influence of AgNP and temperature in the response to multiple biomarkers of oxidative stress was studied in the gills and hepatopancreas of the Cape River crab Potamonautes perlatus. Responses were assessed through activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and the nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione S-transferase (GST). The response of the oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed was always higher in hepatopancreas than in gills. Elevated temperatures (28°C) induced oxidative stress by increasing SOD, CAT, and GST activities, particularly at 100 µg/ml AgNP. These data indicate that AgNP-mediated toxicity to P. perlatus is modulated by elevated temperatures, but this relationship is not linear. Co-effects of AgNP and temperature are reported for the first time in P. perlatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavon R Walters
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Paul Cheng
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Edmund Pool
- b Department of Medical Biosciences , University of the Western Cape , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Vernon Somerset
- a CSIR, Natural Resources and the Environment , Stellenbosch , South Africa
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50
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Alaraby M, Annangi B, Marcos R, Hernández A. Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable in vivo model to determine potential side effects of nanomaterials: A review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2016; 19:65-104. [PMID: 27128498 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2016.1166466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Despite being a relatively new field, nanoscience has been in the forefront among many scientific areas. Nanoparticle materials (NM) present interesting physicochemical characteristics not necessarily found in their bulky forms, and alterations in their size or coating markedly modify their physical, chemical, and biological properties. Due to these novel properties there is a general trend to exploit these NM in several fields of science, particularly in medicine and industry. The increased presence of NM in the environment warrants evaluation of potential harmful effects in order to protect both environment and human exposed populations. Although in vitro approaches are commonly used to determine potential adverse effects of NM, in vivo studies generate data expected to be more relevant for risk assessment. As an in vivo model Drosophila melanogaster was previously found to possess reliable utility in determining the biological effects of NM, and thus its usage increased markedly over the last few years. The aims of this review are to present a comprehensive overview of all apparent studies carried out with NM and Drosophila, to attain a clear and comprehensive picture of the potential risk of NM exposure to health, and to demonstrate the advantages of using Drosophila in nanotoxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Alaraby
- a Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Campus de Bellaterra , Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
- b Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences , Sohag University , Sohag , Egypt
| | - Balasubramanyam Annangi
- a Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Campus de Bellaterra , Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- a Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Campus de Bellaterra , Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
- c CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública , ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- a Grup de Mutagènesi, Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Facultat de Biociències , Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Campus de Bellaterra , Cerdanyola del Vallès , Spain
- c CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública , ISCIII , Madrid , Spain
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