1
|
Qi L, Bozzetti C, Corbin JC, Daellenbach KR, El Haddad I, Zhang Q, Wang J, Baltensperger U, Prévôt ASH, Chen M, Ge X, Slowik JG. Source identification and characterization of organic nitrogen in atmospheric aerosols at a suburban site in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151800. [PMID: 34813816 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that atmospheric particulate organic nitrogen (ON) can significantly affect human health, ecosystems and the earth's climate system, qualitative and quantitative chemical characterization of ON remains limited due to its chemical complexity. In this study, the Aerodyne soot particle - high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS) was deployed for ambient measurements in Nanjing, China. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was applied to the ON data to quantify the sources of ON in submicron aerosols. The averaged ON concentration was 1.24 μg m-3, while the averaged total nitrogen (TN) in the aerosol was 20.26 μg m-3. From the PMF ON analysis, a 5-factor solution was selected as the most representative and interpretable solution for the investigated dataset, including oxygenated OA (OOAON), amine-related OAON (AMOAON), hydrocarbon-like OA (HOAON), industry OA (IOAON), and local primary OA (POAON) factors. The quantified ON ions were separated into families, including CxHN, CxHyNO, C3H<6N, CxH2x+2N, CxH2xN and Others, consistent with their contribution to each factor. The CxHyNO family mainly contributed to the OOAON factor and suggested the presence of amides or amino acids. The CxH2x+2N family likely mostly originated from amines only contributing to the AMOAON and HOAON factors. The IOAON and POAON factors were resolved due to significant tracers in the mass spectra. Further, compared with regular organic PMF analysis, PMF ON analysis gave more insights due to improved source separation and interpretability of the OA components, which could be a role model for further atmospheric ON research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Carlo Bozzetti
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Joel C Corbin
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kaspar R Daellenbach
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Imad El Haddad
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - André S H Prévôt
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Mindong Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| | - Jay G Slowik
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen T, Ge Y, Liu Y, He H. N-nitration of secondary aliphatic amines in the particle phase. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133639. [PMID: 35065182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Amines are frequently detected in atmospheric particles and are internally mixed with other particle-phase components. However, research on the further reactions of amine with reactive species after entering the particle phase is still limited. This study investigated the nitration reaction process of particulate dimethylamine (DMA), formed via a substitution reaction between DMA and (NH4)2SO4, with NOx. In situ attenuated total reflectance-infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ ATR-FTIR) and proton transfer reaction mass spectroscopy (PTR-MS), as well as DFT methods at the B3LYP level using the 6-311++G (d, p) basis set, were mainly used to confirm the formation of nitramine and nitrosamine in the nitration/nitrosation process of DMA. A hydrogen-bonding intermediate ([(CH3)2N⋯HONO]) is initially formed when particulate DMA reacts with NO2 followed by aminyl radical formation, and then nitr- and nitros-amine form through addition reactions with NO2 and NO, respectively. The dimer of NO2 (i.e., N2O4) and the product of NO and NO2 (i.e., N2O3) can also react with DMA to attack the lone pair electrons on the central N atom of DMA to finally form nitr- and nitros-amine. This study helps reveal the nitration reaction mechanism of organic amines in the particle phase. It also aids in understanding the process of nitrogen cycling in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Luo Q, Hong J, Xu H, Han S, Tan H, Wang Q, Tao J, Ma N, Cheng Y, Su H. Hygroscopicity of amino acids and their effect on the water uptake of ammonium sulfate in the mixed aerosol particles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 734:139318. [PMID: 32454334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are important water-soluble nitrogen-containing compounds in atmospheric aerosols. They can be involved in cloud formation due to their hygroscopicity and have significant influences on the hygroscopicity of inorganic compounds, which have not yet been well characterized. In this work, the hygroscopic properties of three amino acids, including aspartic acid, glutamine, and serine, as well as their mixtures with ammonium sulfate (AS) were investigated using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA) system. The gradual water uptake of aspartic acid, glutamine and serine particles indicates that they exist as liquid phase at low RH. When mixing either aspartic acid or glutamine with AS by mass ratio of 1:3, we observed a clear phase transition but with a lower deliquescence relative humidity (DRH) with respect to that of pure AS. This suggests the crystallization of AS in the presence of each of these two amino acids. However, as the mass fractions of these two amino acids increased in the mixed particles, the deliquescence transition process was not obvious. In contrast, the crystallization of AS was efficiently hampered even at low content (i.e., 25% by mass) of serine in the mixed particles. The Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson (ZSR) method in general underestimated the hygroscopic growth of any mixtures at RH below 79% (prior to AS deliquescence), suggesting both amino acid and the partially dissolved AS contributed the overall hygroscopicity at RH in this range. Relatively good agreements were reached between the measurements and model predictions using the Extended Aerosol Inorganic Model (E-AIM) assuming solid state AS in the mixed particles for 1:3 aspartic acid-AS and glutamine-AS systems. However, the model failed to simulate the water uptake behaviors of any other systems. It demonstrates that the interactions between components within the aerosols have a significant effect on the phase state of the mixed particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwei Luo
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Juan Hong
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
| | - Hanbing Xu
- Experimental Teaching Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuang Han
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Haobo Tan
- Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Foshan Meteorological Service of Guangdong, Foshan 528010, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Wang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jiangchuan Tao
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Yafang Cheng
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Hang Su
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chee S, Myllys N, Barsanti KC, Wong BM, Smith JN. An Experimental and Modeling Study of Nanoparticle Formation and Growth from Dimethylamine and Nitric Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5640-5648. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Chee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | | | | | - James N. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Adverse organogenesis and predisposed long-term metabolic syndrome from prenatal exposure to fine particulate matter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11590-11595. [PMID: 31138695 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902925116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) during pregnancy is associated with high risks of birth defects/fatality and adverse long-term postnatal health. However, limited mechanistic data are available to assess the detailed impacts of prenatal PM exposure. Here we evaluate fine PM exposure during pregnancy on prenatal/postnatal organogenesis in offspring and in predisposing metabolic syndrome for adult life. Between days 0 and 18 of gestation, two groups of adult female rats (n = 10 for each) were placed in a dual-exposure chamber device, one with clean ambient air (∼3 µg·m-3) and the other with ambient air in the presence of 100 to 200 µg·m-3 of ultrafine aerosols of ammonium sulfate. At birth (postnatal day 0, PND0), four males and four females were selected randomly from each litter to be nursed by dams, whereas tissues were collected from the remaining pups. At PND21, tissues were collected from two males and two females, whereas the remaining pups were fed either a high- or low-fat diet until PND105, when tissues were obtained for biochemical and physiological analyses. Maternal exposure to fine PM increased stillbirths; reduced gestation length and birth weight; increased concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids in plasma; enhanced lipid accumulation in the liver; and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation of aorta. This lead to altered organogenesis and predisposed progeny to long-term metabolic defects in an age-, organ-, and sex-specific manner. Our results highlight the necessity to develop therapeutic strategies to remedy adverse health effects of maternal PM exposure on conceptus/postnatal growth and development.
Collapse
|
6
|
Marrero-Ortiz W, Hu M, Du Z, Ji Y, Wang Y, Guo S, Lin Y, Gomez-Hermandez M, Peng J, Li Y, Secrest J, Zamora ML, Wang Y, An T, Zhang R. Formation and Optical Properties of Brown Carbon from Small α-Dicarbonyls and Amines. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:117-126. [PMID: 30499298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Brown Carbon (BrC) aerosols scatter and absorb solar radiation, directly affecting the Earth's radiative budget. However, considerable uncertainty exists concerning the chemical mechanism leading to BrC formation and their optical properties. In this work, BrC particles were prepared from mixtures of small α-dicarbonyls (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) and amines (methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine). The absorption and scattering of BrC particles were measured using a photoacoustic extinctometer (405 and 532 nm), and the chemical composition of the α-dicarbonyl-amine mixtures was analyzed using orbitrap-mass spectrometry and thermal desorption-ion drift-chemical ionization mass spectrometry. The single scattering albedo for methylglyoxal-amine mixtures is smaller than that of glyoxal-amine mixtures and increases with the methyl substitution of amines. The mass absorption cross-section for methylglyoxal-amine mixtures is two times higher at 405 nm wavelength than that at 532 nm wavelength. The derived refractive indexes at the 405 nm wavelength are 1.40-1.64 for the real part and 0.002-0.195 for the imaginary part. Composition analysis in the α-dicarbonyl-amine mixtures reveals N-heterocycles as the dominant products, which are formed via multiple steps involving nucleophilic attack, steric hindrance, and dipole-dipole interaction between α-dicarbonyls and amines. BrC aerosols, if formed from the particle-phase reaction of methylglyoxal with methylamine, likely contribute to atmospheric warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmarie Marrero-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Zhuofei Du
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Center for Urban Transport Emission Research & State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin , 300071 , China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yujue Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Song Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yun Lin
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Mario Gomez-Hermandez
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida International University , Miami , Florida 33199 , United States
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
| | - Jeremiah Secrest
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
| | - Misti L Zamora
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
- Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health , Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control , Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77840 , United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fan X, Dawson J, Chen M, Qiu C, Khalizov A. Thermal Stability of Particle-Phase Monoethanolamine Salts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:2409-2417. [PMID: 29368508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of monoethanolamine (MEA, 2-hydroxyethanamine) for scrubbing of carbon dioxide from combustion flue gases may become the dominant technology for carbon capture in the near future. The widespread implementation of this technology will result in elevated emissions of MEA to the environment that may increase the loading and modify the properties of atmospheric aerosols. We have utilized experimental measurements together with aerosol microphysics calculations to derive thermodynamic properties of several MEA salts, potentially the dominant forms of MEA in atmospheric particles. The stability of the salts was found to depend strongly on the chemical nature of the acid counterpart. The saturation vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies obtained in this study can be used to evaluate the role of MEA in the aerosol and haze formation, helping to assess impacts of the MEA-based carbon capture technology on air quality and climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing, 210044, China
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Joseph Dawson
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Hygiene, University of North Alabama , Florence, Alabama 35632, United States
| | - Mindong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of New Haven , New Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Alexei Khalizov
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chu Y, Chan CK. Reactive Uptake of Dimethylamine by Ammonium Sulfate and Ammonium Sulfate–Sucrose Mixed Particles. J Phys Chem A 2016; 121:206-215. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chak K. Chan
- School of Energy and
Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge Y, Liu Y, Chu B, He H, Chen T, Wang S, Wei W, Cheng S. Ozonolysis of Trimethylamine Exchanged with Typical Ammonium Salts in the Particle Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11076-11084. [PMID: 27626464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b04375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Alkylamines contribute to both new particle formation and brown carbon. The toxicity of particle-phase amines is of great concern in the atmospheric chemistry community. Degradation of particulate amines may lead to secondary products in the particle phase, which are associated with changes in the adverse health impacts of aerosols. In this study, O3 oxidation of particulate trimethylamine (TMA) formed via heterogeneous uptake of TMA by (NH4)2SO4, NH4HSO4, NH4NO3 and NH4Cl, was investigated with in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). HCOOH, HCHO, CH3N═CH2, (CH3)2NCHO, CH3NO2, CH3N(OH)CHO, CH3NHOH and H2O were identified as products on all the substrates based upon IR (one-dimensional IR and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy), quantum chemical calculation and PTR-MS results. A reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the observed products. This work demonstrates that oxidation might be a degradation pathway of particulate amines in the atmosphere. This will aid in understanding the fate of particulate amines formed by nucleation and heterogeneous uptake and their potential health impacts during atmospheric aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Ge
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- Center for Excellence in Urban Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xiamen 361021, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianzeng Chen
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaoxin Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100022, China
| | - Shuiyuan Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100022, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Estillore AD, Hettiyadura APS, Qin Z, Leckrone E, Wombacher B, Humphry T, Stone EA, Grassian VH. Water Uptake and Hygroscopic Growth of Organosulfate Aerosol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:4259-4268. [PMID: 26967467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b05014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organosulfates (OS) are important components of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) that have been identified in numerous field studies. This class of compounds within SOA can potentially affect aerosol physicochemical properties such as hygroscopicity because of their polar and hydrophilic nature as well as their low volatility. Currently, there is a dearth of information on how aerosol particles that contain OS interact with water vapor in the atmosphere. Herein we report a laboratory investigation on the hygroscopic properties of a structurally diverse set of OS salts at varying relative humidity (RH) using a Hygroscopicity-Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (H-TDMA). The OS studied include the potassium salts of glycolic acid sulfate, hydroxyacetone sulfate, 4-hydroxy-2,3-epoxybutane sulfate, and 2-butenediol sulfate and the sodium salts of benzyl sulfate, methyl sulfate, ethyl sulfate, and propyl sulfate. In addition, mixtures of OS and sodium chloride were also studied. The results showed gradual deliquescence of these aerosol particles characterized by continuous uptake and evaporation of water in both hydration and dehydration processes for the OS, while the mixture showed prompt deliquescence and effloresce transitions, albeit at a lower relative humidity relative to pure sodium chloride. Hygroscopic growth of these OS at 85% RH were also fit to parameterized functional forms. This new information provided here has important implications about the atmospheric lifetime, light scattering properties, and the role of OS in cloud formation. Moreover, results of these studies can ultimately serve as a basis for the development and evaluation of thermodynamic models for these compounds in order to consider their impact on the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Erin Leckrone
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University , Kirksville, Missouri 63501, United States
| | - Becky Wombacher
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University , Kirksville, Missouri 63501, United States
| | - Tim Humphry
- Department of Chemistry, Truman State University , Kirksville, Missouri 63501, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Stone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rondo L, Ehrhart S, Kürten A, Adamov A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Duplissy J, Franchin A, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Dunne EM, Flagan RC, Hakala J, Hansel A, Keskinen H, Kim J, Jokinen T, Lehtipalo K, Leiminger M, Praplan A, Riccobono F, Rissanen MP, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Simon M, Sipilä M, Smith JN, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Tsagkogeorgas G, Vaattovaara P, Winkler PM, Williamson C, Wimmer D, Baltensperger U, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Curtius J. Effect of dimethylamine on the gas phase sulfuric acid concentration measured by Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:3036-3049. [PMID: 27610289 PMCID: PMC4996328 DOI: 10.1002/2015jd023868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sulfuric acid is widely recognized as a very important substance driving atmospheric aerosol nucleation. Based on quantum chemical calculations it has been suggested that the quantitative detection of gas phase sulfuric acid (H2SO4) by use of Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (CIMS) could be biased in the presence of gas phase amines such as dimethylamine (DMA). An experiment (CLOUD7 campaign) was set up at the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) chamber to investigate the quantitative detection of H2SO4 in the presence of dimethylamine by CIMS at atmospherically relevant concentrations. For the first time in the CLOUD experiment, the monomer sulfuric acid concentration was measured by a CIMS and by two CI-APi-TOF (Chemical Ionization-Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight) mass spectrometers. In addition, neutral sulfuric acid clusters were measured with the CI-APi-TOFs. The CLOUD7 measurements show that in the presence of dimethylamine (<5 to 70 pptv) the sulfuric acid monomer measured by the CIMS represents only a fraction of the total H2SO4, contained in the monomer and the clusters that is available for particle growth. Although it was found that the addition of dimethylamine dramatically changes the H2SO4 cluster distribution compared to binary (H2SO4-H2O) conditions, the CIMS detection efficiency does not seem to depend substantially on whether an individual H2SO4 monomer is clustered with a DMA molecule. The experimental observations are supported by numerical simulations based on A Self-contained Atmospheric chemistry coDe coupled with a molecular process model (Sulfuric Acid Water NUCleation) operated in the kinetic limit.
Collapse
|
12
|
Gomez-Hernandez M, McKeown M, Secrest J, Marrero-Ortiz W, Lavi A, Rudich Y, Collins DR, Zhang R. Hygroscopic Characteristics of Alkylaminium Carboxylate Aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2292-2300. [PMID: 26794419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopic growth factor (HGF) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity for a series of alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols have been measured using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer coupled to a condensation particle counter and a CCN counter. The particles, consisting of the mixtures of mono- (acetic, propanoic, p-toluic, and cis-pinonic acid) and dicarboxylic (oxalic, succinic, malic, adipic, and azelaic acid) acid with alkylamine (mono-, di-, and trimethylamines), represent those commonly found under diverse environmental conditions. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of the alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols was derived from the HGF and CCN results and theoretically calculated. The HGF at 90% RH is in the range of 1.3 to 1.8 for alkylaminium monocarboxylates and 1.1 to 2.2 for alkylaminium dicarboxylates, dependent on the molecular functionality (i.e., the carboxylic or OH functional group in organic acids and methyl substitution in alkylamines). The κ value for all alkylaminium carboxylates is in the range of 0.06-1.37 derived from the HGF measurements at 90% RH, 0.05-0.49 derived from the CCN measurements, and 0.22-0.66 theoretically calculated. The measured hygroscopicity of the alkylaminium carboxylates increases with decreasing acid to base ratio. The deliquescence point is apparent for several of the alkylaminium dicarboxylates but not for the alkylaminium monocarboxylates. Our results reveal that alkylaminium carboxylate aerosols exhibit distinct hygroscopic and deliquescent characteristics that are dependent on their molecular functionality, hence regulating their impacts on human health, air quality, and direct and indirect radiative forcing on climate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Megan McKeown
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jeremiah Secrest
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Wilmarie Marrero-Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
| | - Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science , Rehovot, 76100 Israel
| | - Don R Collins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77840, United States
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Thomas JM, He S, Larriba-Andaluz C, DePalma JW, Johnston MV, Hogan Jr. CJ. Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry examination of the structures, stabilities, and extents of hydration of dimethylamine–sulfuric acid clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:22962-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03432b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Uptake of water molecules by dimethylamine–sulfuric acid cluster ions mitigates dissociation in atmospheric pressure ion source mass spectrometer inlets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jikku M. Thomas
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Siqin He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- University of Minnesota
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Joseph W. DePalma
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
- University of Delaware
- Newark
- USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang R, Wang G, Guo S, Zamora ML, Ying Q, Lin Y, Wang W, Hu M, Wang Y. Formation of urban fine particulate matter. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3803-55. [PMID: 25942499 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Renyi Zhang
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Song Guo
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Min Hu
- §State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Wang
- #Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lakey PSJ, George IJ, Whalley LK, Baeza-Romero MT, Heard DE. Measurements of the HO2 uptake coefficients onto single component organic aerosols. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:4878-4885. [PMID: 25811311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of HO2 uptake coefficients (γ) were made onto a variety of organic aerosols derived from glutaric acid, glyoxal, malonic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, squalene, monoethanol amine sulfate, monomethyl amine sulfate, and two sources of humic acid, for an initial HO2 concentration of 1 × 10(9) molecules cm(-3), room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. Values in the range of γ < 0.004 to γ = 0.008 ± 0.004 were measured for all of the aerosols apart from the aerosols from the two sources of humic acid. For humic acid aerosols, uptake coefficients in the range of γ = 0.007 ± 0.002 to γ = 0.09 ± 0.03 were measured. Elevated concentrations of copper (16 ± 1 and 380 ± 20 ppb) and iron (600 ± 30 and 51 000 ± 3000 ppb) ions were measured in the humic acid atomizer solutions compared to the other organics that can explain the higher uptake values measured. A strong dependence upon relative humidity was also observed for uptake onto humic acid, with larger uptake coefficients seen at higher humidities. Possible hypotheses for the humidity dependence include the changing liquid water content of the aerosol, a change in the mass accommodation coefficient or in the Henry's law constant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P S J Lakey
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - I J George
- ‡National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - L K Whalley
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- §National Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - M T Baeza-Romero
- ∥Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial de Toledo, Universidad de Castilla la Mancha, Avenida Carlos III s/n Real Fábrica de Armas, Toledo, 45071, Spain
| | - D E Heard
- †School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- §National Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ouyang H, He S, Larriba-Andaluz C, Hogan CJ. IMS–MS and IMS–IMS Investigation of the Structure and Stability of Dimethylamine-Sulfuric Acid Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:2026-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512645g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota United States
| | - Siqin He
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota United States
| | - Carlos Larriba-Andaluz
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota United States
| | - Christopher J. Hogan
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lavi A, Segre E, Gomez-Hernandez M, Zhang R, Rudich Y. Volatility of Atmospherically Relevant Alkylaminium Carboxylate Salts. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4336-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp507320v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avi Lavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Enrico Segre
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Mario Gomez-Hernandez
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science and ‡Physical Services, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100 Israel
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences and ∥Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chu Y, Sauerwein M, Chan CK. Hygroscopic and phase transition properties of alkyl aminium sulfates at low relative humidities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:19789-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02404h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemical composition changes and phase transition during hygroscopic measurements of the studied alkyl aminium sulfate salts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangxi Chu
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Meike Sauerwein
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Chak K. Chan
- Division of Environment
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu W, Gomez-Hernandez M, Guo S, Secrest J, Marrero-Ortiz W, Zhang AL, Zhang R. Acid-catalyzed reactions of epoxides for atmospheric nanoparticle growth. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15477-80. [PMID: 25338124 DOI: 10.1021/ja508989a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although new particle formation accounts for about 50% of the global aerosol production in the troposphere, the chemical species and mechanism responsible for the growth of freshly nucleated nanoparticles remain largely uncertain. Here we show large size growth when sulfuric acid nanoparticles of 4-20 nm are exposed to epoxide vapors, dependent on the particle size and relative humidity. Composition analysis of the nanoparticles after epoxide exposure reveals the presence of high molecular weight organosulfates and polymers, indicating the occurrence of acid-catalyzed reactions of epoxides. Our results suggest that epoxides play an important role in the growth of atmospheric newly nucleated nanoparticles, considering their large formation yields from photochemical oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid-dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:15019-24. [PMID: 25288761 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1404853111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA) concentrations the presence of dimethylamine (DMA) at mixing ratios of several parts per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates. However, the concentration and molecular composition of the neutral (uncharged) clusters have not been reported so far due to the lack of suitable instrumentation. Here we report on experiments from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research revealing the formation of neutral particles containing up to 14 SA and 16 DMA molecules, corresponding to a mobility diameter of about 2 nm, under atmospherically relevant conditions. These measurements bridge the gap between the molecular and particle perspectives of nucleation, revealing the fundamental processes involved in particle formation and growth. The neutral clusters are found to form at or close to the kinetic limit where particle formation is limited only by the collision rate of SA molecules. Even though the neutral particles are stable against evaporation from the SA dimer onward, the formation rates of particles at 1.7-nm size, which contain about 10 SA molecules, are up to 4 orders of magnitude smaller compared with those of the dimer due to coagulation and wall loss of particles before they reach 1.7 nm in diameter. This demonstrates that neither the atmospheric particle formation rate nor its dependence on SA can simply be interpreted in terms of cluster evaporation or the molecular composition of a critical nucleus.
Collapse
|
21
|
Hu D, Li C, Chen H, Chen J, Ye X, Li L, Yang X, Wang X, Mellouki A, Hu Z. Hygroscopicity and optical properties of alkylaminium sulfates. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:37-43. [PMID: 24649689 DOI: 10.1016/s1001-0742(13)60378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The hygroscopicity and optical properties of alkylaminium sulfates (AASs) were investigated using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer coupled to a cavity ring-down spectrometer and a nephelometer. AAS particles do not exhibit a deliquescence phenomenon and show a monotonic increase in diameter as the relative humidity (RH) ascends. Hygroscopic growth factors (GFs) for 40, 100 and 150 nm alkylaminium sulfate particles do not show an apparent Kelvin effect when RH is less than 45%, whereas GFs of the salt aerosols increase with initial particle size when RH is higher than 45%. Calculation using the Zdanovskii-Stokes-Robinson mixing rule suggests that hygroscopic growth of triethylaminium sulfate-ammonium sulfate mixtures is non-deliquescent, occurring at very low RH, implying that the displacement of ammonia by amine will significantly enhance the hygroscopicity of (NH4)2SO4 aerosols. In addition, light extinction of AAS particles is a combined effect of both scattering and absorption under dry conditions, but is dominated by scattering under wet conditions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Xu W, Zhang R. A theoretical study of hydrated molecular clusters of amines and dicarboxylic acids. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:064312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
23
|
Chan LP, Chan CK. Role of the aerosol phase state in ammonia/amines exchange reactions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:5755-5762. [PMID: 23668831 DOI: 10.1021/es4004685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The exchange reaction of ammonia in (NH4)2SO4 with an amine and the corresponding reverse reaction of amines in aminium sulfates with ammonia were investigated using an electrodynamic balance coupled with a Raman spectrometer. The temporal changes in particle mass, chemical composition, and phase state were simultaneously monitored. When the salt particles were in an aqueous state at elevated relative humidities (RHs), the exchange of ammonia/amine vapors in the particle phase was reversible. The exchange rates of aqueous particles were in general higher than those of their corresponding solid counterparts. An aqueous phase was essential for the effective displacement of ammonia and amines. Aminium salts in different phase states and with different evaporation characteristics showed remarkably different reaction behaviors in ammonia vapor. The less compact amorphous aminium sulfate solids were more susceptible to ammonia exchange than the crystalline solids. The aminium salts in a liquid state exhibited substantial amine evaporation at <3% RH and formed acidic bisulfate. Under ammonia exposure, these acidic aminium droplets underwent both neutralization and displacement reactions. Stable solid salts containing ammonium, aminium, sulfate, and bisulfate were formed and hindered further reactions. The result suggests that ambient aminium sulfates may be acidic. Overall, the phase states of the ammonium and aminium salt particles crucially determine the heterogeneous reaction rates and final product properties and identities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lap P Chan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Heterogeneous reactions of amines have been recently shown to play an important role in the formation and transformation of atmospheric aerosols. This perspective summarizes the latest laboratory progress in the multiphase chemistry of amines. Particular emphasis is given to the contributions of amines to new particle formation, growth of submicron particles, and alteration in the physiochemical properties of pre-existing particles, including hygroscopicity, thermostability, density, phase, and optical properties, from exposure to gaseous amines. The atmospheric implications of the multiphase reactions of amines, including the potential impact on direct and indirect climate forcing of aerosols, and future research directions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Ma Q, He H. Heterogeneous uptake of amines by citric acid and humic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:11112-11118. [PMID: 22963339 DOI: 10.1021/es302414v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous uptake of methylamine (MA), dimethylamine (DMA), and trimethylamine (TMA) onto citric acid and humic acid was investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer at 298 K. Acid-base reactions between amines and carboxylic acids were confirmed. The observed uptake coefficients of MA, DMA, and TMA on citric acid at 298 K were measured to be 7.31 ± 1.13 × 10(-3), 6.65 ± 0.49 × 10(-3), and 5.82 ± 0.68 × 10(-3), respectively, and showed independence of sample mass. The observed uptake coefficients of MA, DMA, and TMA on humic acid at 298 K increased linearly with sample mass, and the true uptake coefficients of MA, DMA, and TMA were measured to be 1.26 ± 0.07 × 10(-5), 7.33 ± 0.40 × 10(-6), and 4.75 ± 0.15 × 10(-6), respectively. Citric acid, having stronger acidity, showed a higher reactivity than humic acid for a given amine; while the steric effect of amines was found to govern the reactivity between amines and citric acid or humic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|