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Cao CS, Wang J, Yang L, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhu L. A review on the advancement in photocatalytic degradation of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances in water: Insights into the mechanisms and structure-function relationship. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174137. [PMID: 38909806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent organic pollutants and ubiquitous in aquatic environment, which are hazardous to organisms and human health. Several countries and regions have taken actions to regulate or limit the production and emission of some PFAS. Even though a series of water treatment technologies have been developed for removal of PFAS to eliminate their potential adverse effects, the removal and degradation performance are usually unsatisfactory. Photocatalytic degradation of PFAS is considered as one of the most effective approaches due to the mild operation conditions and environmental friendliness. This review systematically summarized the recent advances in photocatalytic degradation of PFAS based on heterogeneous photocatalysts, including TiO2-, Ga2O3-, In2O3-, ZnO-, Bi-based, and others. Overall, two mainly degradation mechanisms were involved, including photo-oxidation (involving the holes and oxidative radicals) and photo-reduction types (by e- and reductive radicals). The band structures of the photocatalysts, degradation pathways, structure-function relationship, and impacting factors were further discussed to elucidate the essential reasons for the enhanced degradation of PFAS. Furthermore, the review identified the major knowledge gaps to solve the issues of photocatalysis in real application. This paper also propounded several strategies to promote the design and optimization of high-efficient photocatalysts, and meet the challenges to remove PFAS through photodegradation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Shuai Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology and Process Engineering, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingzhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yinqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Wu H, Wang J, Du E, Guo H. Comparative analysis of UV-initiated ARPs for degradation of the emerging substitute of perfluorinated compounds: Does defluorination mean the sole factor? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134687. [PMID: 38805816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Due to the increasing attention for the residual of per- and polyfluorinated compounds in environmental water, Sodium p-Perfluorous Nonenoxybenzenesulfonate (OBS) have been considered as an alternative solution for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). However, recent detections of elevated OBS concentrations in oil fields and Frontal polymerization foams have raised environmental concerns leading to the decontamination exploration for this compound. In this study, three advanced reduction processes including UV-Sulfate (UV-SF), UV-Iodide (UV-KI) and UV-Nitrilotriacetic acid (UV-NTA) were selected to evaluate the removal for OBS. Results revealed that hydrated electrons (eaq-) dominated the degradation and defluorination of OBS. Remarkably, the UV-KI exhibited the highest removal rate (0.005 s-1) and defluorination efficiency (35 %) along with the highest concentration of eaq- (K = -4.651). Despite that nucleophilic attack from eaq- on sp2 carbon and H/F exchange were discovered as the general mechanism, high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/Q-TOF-MS) analysis with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the diversified products and routes. Intermediates with lowest fluorine content for UV-KI were identified, the presence nitrogen-containing intermediates were revealed in the UV-NTA. Notably, the nitrogen-containing intermediates displayed the enhanced toxicity, and the iodine poly-fluorinated intermediates could be a potential-threat compared to the superior defluorination performance for UV-KI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jingquan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Erdeng Du
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Hongguang Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and Engineering, College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Chen Z, Cai H, Huang F, Wang Z, Chen Y, Liu Z, Xie P. Degradation of β-lactam antibiotics by Fe(III)/HSO 3- system and their quantitative structure-activity relationship. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 259:119577. [PMID: 38986801 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics, extensively used worldwide, pose significant risks to human health and ecological safety due to their accumulation in the environment. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of transition metal-activated sulfite systems, like Fe(Ⅲ)/HSO3-, in removing PPCPs from water. However, research on their capability to degrade β-lactam antibiotics remains sparse. This paper evaluates the degradation of 14 types of β-lactam antibiotics in Fe(Ⅲ)/HSO3- system and establishes a QSAR model correlating molecular descriptors with degradation rates using the MLR method. Using cefazolin as a case study, this research predicts degradation pathways through NPA charge and Fukui function analysis, corroborated by UPLC-MS product analysis. The investigation further explores the influence of variables such as HSO3- dosage, substrate concentration, Fe(Ⅲ) dosage, initial pH and the presence of common seen water matrices including humic acid and bicarbonate on the degradation efficiency. Optimal conditions for cefazolin degradation in Fe(Ⅲ)/HSO3- system were determined to be 93.3 μM HSO3-, 8.12 μM Fe(Ⅲ) and an initial pH of 3.61, under which the interaction of Fe(Ⅲ) dosage with initial pH was found to significantly affect the degradation efficiency. This study not only provides a novel degradation approach for β-lactam antibiotics but also expands the theoretical application horizon of the Fe(Ⅲ)/HSO3- system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety & Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haohan Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety & Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety & Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zongping Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety & Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiqun Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Pengchao Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Water & Wastewater Treatment (MOHURD), Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Water Quality Safety & Pollution Control, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Pan Y, Zhang F, Tan W, Feng X. New insight into wastewater treatment by activation of sulfite with humic acid under visible light irradiation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 258:121773. [PMID: 38796910 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Sulfite (S(IV)), as an alternative to persulfate, has demonstrated its cost-effectiveness and environmentally friendly nature, garnering increasing attention in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Dissolved organic matter (DOM) commonly occurred in diverse environments and was often regarded as an interfering factor in sulfite-based AOPs. However, less attention has been paid to the promotion of the activation of sulfite by excited DOM, which could produce various reactive intermediates. The study focused on the activation of sulfite using visible light (VL) - excited humic acid (HA) to efficiently degrade many common organic pollutants, which was better than peroxydisulfate (PDS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) systems. Quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis revealed that the triplet states of HA (3HA*) activated sulfite through energy transfer, resulting in the production of SO4·-, O2·-, and 1O2. The most significant active species found in the degradation of roxarsone (ROX) was 1O2, which was a non-radical pathway and exhibits high selectivity for pollutant degradation. This non-radical pathway was not commonly observed in traditional sulfite-based AOPs. Additionally, the coexistence of various inorganic anions, such as NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, CO32-, and PO43-, had little effect on the degradation of ROX. Furthermore, DOM from different natural water demonstrated efficient activation of S(IV) under light conditions, opening up new possibilities for applying sulfite-based advanced oxidation to the remediation of organic pollution in diverse sites and water bodies. In summary, this research offered promising insights into the potential application of sulfite-based AOPs, facilitated by photo-excited HA, as a new strategy for efficiently degrading organic pollutants in various environmental settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Pan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xionghan Feng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang H, Sun W, Zhang J, Ma J. Vacuum-ultraviolet based advanced oxidation and reduction processes for water treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134432. [PMID: 38691932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The use of vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) photolysis in water treatment has been gaining significant interest due to its efficacy in degrading refractory organic contaminants and eliminating oxyanions. In recent years, the reactive species driving pollutant decomposition in VUV-based advanced oxidation and reduction processes (VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs) have been identified. This review aims to provide a concise overview of VUV photolysis and its advancements in water treatment. We begin with an introduction to VUV irradiation, followed by a summary of the primary reactive species in both VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs. We then explore the factors influencing VUV-photolysis in water treatment, including VUV irradiation dose, catalysts or activators, dissolved gases, water matrix components (e.g., DOM and inorganic anions), and solution pH. In VUV-AOPs, the predominant reactive species are hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ozone (O3). Conversely, in VUV-ARPs, the main reactive species are the hydrated electron (eaq-) and hydrogen atom (˙H). It is worth noting that VUV-based advanced oxidation/reduction processes (VUV-AORPs) can transit between VUV-AOPs and VUV-ARPs based on the externally added chemicals and dissolved gases in the solution. Increase of the VUV irradiation dose and the concentration of catalysts/activators enhances the degradation of contaminants, whereas DOM and inorganic anions inhibit the reaction. The pH influences the redox potential of ˙OH, the speciation of contaminants and activators, and thus the overall performance of the VUV-AOPs. Conversely, an alkaline pH is favored in VUV-ARPs because eaq- predominates at higher pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Yang J, Fan Y, Lu Z, Guo Y, Huang J, Cai K, Sun Q, Wang F. Positive profile of natural small molecule organic matters on emerging antivirus pharmaceutical elimination in advance reduction process: A deep dive into the photosensitive mechanism of triplet excited state compounds. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121611. [PMID: 38640567 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Natural small molecular organic matter (NSOM), ubiquitous in natural waters and distinct from humic acid or fulvic acid, is a special type of dissolved organic matter (DOM) which is characterized as strong photosensitivity and simple molecular structure. However, little study had been directed on the role of NSOM in eliminating emerging contaminants in advanced reduction process (ARP). This study took three small molecular isomeric organic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic acid, pHBA; salicylic acid, SA; m-hydroxybenzoic acid, mHBA) as the representative substances of NSOM to explore these mechanisms on promoting Ribavirin (RBV, an anti COVID-19 medicine) degradation in ultraviolet activated sulfite (UV/Sulfite) process. The results demonstrated that the observed degradation rate constant of RBV (kobs-RBV) was 7.56 × 10-6 s-1 in UV/Sulfite process, indicating that hydrated electron (eaq-) from UV/Sulfite process could not effectively degrade RBV, while it increased by 178 and 38 times when pHBA and SA were introduced into UV/Sulfite process respectively, suggesting that pHBA and SA strongly promoted RBV degradation while mHBA had no promotion on RBV abatement in UV/Sulfite process. Transient absorption spectra and reactive intermediates scavenging experiment indicated that the triplet excited state pHBA and SA (3pHBA* and 3SA*) contributed to the degradation of RBV through non-radical process. Notably, eaq- played the role of key initiator in transforming pHBA and SA into their triplet states. The difference of kobs-RBV in UV/Sulfite/pHBA and UV/Sulfite/SA process was attributed to different generation pathways of 3pHBA* and 3SA* (high molar absorptivity at the wavelength of 254 nm and photosensitive cycle, respectively) and their second order rate constants towards RBV (kRBV-3pHBA* = 8.60 × 108 M-1 s-1 and kRBV-3SA* = 6.81 × 107 M-1 s-1). mHBA could not degrade RBV for its lack of intramolecular hydrogen bond and low molar absorptivity at 254 nm to abundantly transform into its triplet state. kobs-RBV increased as pH increased from 5.0 to 11.0 in UV/Sulfite/SA process, due to the high yield of eaq- in alkaline condition which promoted the generation of 3SA* and the stable of the absorbance of SA at 254 nm. By contrast, kobs-RBV underwent a process of first increasing and then decreasing in UV/Sulfite/pHBA process as the increase of pH, and its highest value achieved in a neutral condition. This lied in the exposure of eaq- increased as the increase of pH which promoted the generation of 3pHBA*, while the molar absorptivity of pHBA at 254 nm decreased as the increase of pH in an alkaline condition which inhibited the yield of 3pHBA*. The RBV degradation pathways and products toxicity assessment indicated that UV/Sulfite/pHBA had better detoxification performance on RBV than UV/Sulfite/SA process. This study disclosed a novel mechanism of emerging contaminants abatement through non-radical process in NSOM mediated ARP, and provide a wide insight into positive profile of DOM in water treatment process, instead of only taking DOM as a quencher of reactive intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yongjie Fan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China; College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China
| | - Zhilei Lu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Jintao Huang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qiyuan Sun
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
| | - Feifeng Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, College of Carbon Neutral Modern Industry, Fujian Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, Fujian, China.
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Yang Y, Shan C, Pan B. Machine learning modeling of fluorescence spectral data for prediction of trace organic contaminant removal during UV/H 2O 2 treatment of wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121484. [PMID: 38518413 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic feedback of the removal performance of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) is essential towards economical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), whereas the corresponding quick-response feedback methods have long been desired. Herein, machine learning (ML) multi-target regression random forest (MORF) models were developed based on the fluorescence spectra to predict the removal of TrOCs during UV/H2O2 treatment of municipal secondary effluent as a typical AOP. The predictive performance of the developed MORF model (R2 = 0.83-0.95) exhibited higher accuracy over the traditional linear regression models with R2 increased by ∼0.15. Furthermore, through feature importance analysis, the spectral regions of high importance were identified for different groups of TrOCs, thus enabling faster data acquisition due to remarkably reduced size of required fluorescence spectral scanning region. Specifically, the fluorescence regions Ex(235-275 nm)/Em(325-400 nm) and Ex(240-360 nm)/Em(325-450 nm) were found highly correlated with the removal of the TrOCs susceptible to both photodegradation and •OH degradation and those primarily subject to •OH degradation, respectively. In addition, the spectral regions of high importance were also individually identified for the investigated TrOCs during the AOP. Through providing an efficient ML-based feedback method to monitor TrOC removal during AOP, this study sheds light on the development of dynamic feedback-based strategies for precise and economical advanced treatment of wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Research Center for Environmental Nanotechnology (ReCENT), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Amador CK, Vyas S, Strathmann TJ. Kinetic Model for Predicting Perfluoroalkyl Acid Degradation During UV-Sulfite Treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6425-6434. [PMID: 38554136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrated electron (eaq-) treatment processes show great potential in remediating recalcitrant water contaminants, including perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, treatment efficacy depends upon many factors relating to source water composition, UV light source characteristics, and contaminant reactivity. Here, we provide critical insights into the complex roles of solution parameters on contaminant abatement through application of a UV-sulfite kinetic model that incorporates first-principles information on eaq- photogeneration and reactivity. The model accurately predicts decay profiles of short-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) during UV-sulfite treatment and facilitates quantitative interpretation of the effects of changing solution composition on PFAS degradation rates. Model results also confirm that the enhanced degradation of PFAAs observed under highly alkaline pH conditions results from changes in speciation of nontarget eaq- scavengers. Reverse application of the model to UV-sulfite data collected for longer chain PFAAs enabled estimation of bimolecular rate constants (k2, M-1 s-1), providing an alternative to laser flash photolysis (LFP) measurements that are not feasible due to the water solubility limitations of these compounds. The proposed model links the disparate means of investigating eaq- processes, namely, UV photolysis and LFP, and provides a framework to estimate UV-sulfite treatment efficacy of PFAS in diverse water sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille K Amador
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Shubham Vyas
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Zhou M, You T, Yan Z, Zhu X, Pi M, Zeng X, Wang S, Jia Y. Iodide and sulfite synergistically accelerate the photo-reduction and recovery of As(V) and As(III) in sulfite/iodide/UV process: Efficiency and mechanism. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121210. [PMID: 38324984 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Photo-reduction of arsenic (As) by hydrated electron (eaq-) and recovery of elemental arsenic (As(0)) is a promising pathway to treat As-bearing wastewater. However, previously reported sulfite/UV system needs large amounts of sulfite as the source of eaq-. This work suggests a sulfite/iodide/UV approach that is more efficient and consumes much less chemical reagents to remove As(III) and As(V) and recover valuable As(0) from wastewater, hence preventing the production of large amounts of As-containing hazardous wastes. Our results showed that more than 99.9% of As in the aqueous phase was reduced to highly pure solid As(0) (>99.5 wt%) by sulfite/iodide/UV process under alkaline conditions. Sulfite and iodide worked synergistically to enhance reductive removal of As. Compared with sulfite/UV, the addition of iodide had a substantially greater effect on As(III) (over 200 times) and As(V) (approximately 30 times) removals because of its higher absorptivity and quantum yield of eaq-. Furthermore, more than 90% of the sulfite consumption was decreased by adding a small amount of iodide while maintaining similar reduction efficiency. Hydrated electron (eaq-) was mainly responsible for As(III) and As(V) reductions and removals under alkaline conditions, while both SO3•- and reactive iodine species (e.g., I•, I2, I2•-, and I3-) may oxidize As(0) to As(III) or As(V). Acidic circumstances caused sulfite protonation and the scavenging of eaq- by competing processes. Dissolved oxygen (O2) and CO32- prevented As reduction by light blocking or eaq- scavenging actions, but Cl-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ showed negligible impacts. This study presented an efficient method for removing and recovering As from wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Tingting You
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zelong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiayu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Minhan Pi
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Xiangfeng Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Yongfeng Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Yu J, Deng W, Huang X, Zhao M, Li X, Zhang T, Pan B. Intramolecular generation of endogenous Cu(III) for selectively self-catalytic degradation of Cu(II)-EDTA from wastewater by UV/peroxymonosulfate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133521. [PMID: 38232554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
HO•/SO4•--based advanced oxidation processes for the decomplexation of heavy metal-organic complexes usually encounter poor efficiency in real scenarios. Herein, we reported an interesting self-catalyzed degradation of Cu(II)-EDTA with high selectivity in UV/peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Chemical probing experiments and competitive kinetic analysis quantitatively revealed the crucial role of in situ formed Cu(III). The Cu(III) species not only oxidized Cu(II)-EDTA rapidly at ∼3 × 107 M-1 s-1, but also exhibited 2-3 orders of magnitude higher steady-state concentration than HO•/SO4•-, leading to highly efficient and selective degradation of Cu(II)-EDTA even in complex matrices. The ternary Cu(II)-OOSO3- complexes derived from Cu(II)-EDTA decomposition could generate Cu(III) in situ via the Cu(II)-Cu(I)-Cu(III)-Cu(II) cycle involving intramolecular electron transfer. This method was also applicable to various Cu(II) complexes in real electroplating wastewater, demonstrating higher energy efficiency than commonly studied UV-based AOPs. This study provids a proof of concept for efficient decomplexation through activating complexed heavy metals into endogenous reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Deng
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xianfeng Huang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ecological Treatment Technology of Urban Water Pollution, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Tao Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences (RCEES), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Bingcai Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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11
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Ran W, Zhao H, Zhang X, Li S, Sun JF, Liu J, Liu R, Jiang G. Critical Review of Pd-Catalyzed Reduction Process for Treatment of Waterborne Pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38323894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Catalyzed reduction processes have been recognized as important and supplementary technologies for water treatment, with the specific aims of resource recovery, enhancement of bio/chemical-treatability of persistent organic pollutants, and safe handling of oxygenate ions. Palladium (Pd) has been widely used as a catalyst/electrocatalyst in these reduction processes. However, due to the limited reserves and high cost of Pd, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the Pd-catalyzed decontamination process to design affordable and sustainable Pd catalysts. This review provides a systematic summary of recent advances in understanding Pd-catalyzed reductive decontamination processes and designing Pd-based nanocatalysts for the reductive treatment of water-borne pollutants, with special focus on the interactions and transformation mechanisms of pollutant molecules on Pd catalysts at the atomic scale. The discussion begins by examining the adsorption of pollutants onto Pd sites from a thermodynamic viewpoint. This is followed by an explanation of the molecular-level reaction mechanism, demonstrating how electron-donors participate in the reductive transformation of pollutants. Next, the influence of the Pd reactive site structure on catalytic performance is explored. Additionally, the process of Pd-catalyzed reduction in facilitating the oxidation of pollutants is briefly discussed. The longevity of Pd catalysts, a crucial factor in determining their practicality, is also examined. Finally, we argue for increased attention to mechanism study, as well as precise construction of Pd sites under batch synthesis conditions, and the use of Pd-based catalysts/electrocatalysts in the treatment of concentrated pollutants to facilitate resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huachao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie-Fang Sun
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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12
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Zhang J, Li J, Tang W, Liu X, Yang C, Ma J. Highly efficient reduction of bromate by vacuum UV/sulfite system. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140875. [PMID: 38065260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Bromate (BrO3-), a worldwide regulated by-product after ozone disinfection, is often detected in bromide-containing water, and has a strict limit of 10 μg L-1 in potable water. BrO3- degradation by advanced reduction processes (ARPs) has gained much attention because of efficient removal and easy integration with ultraviolet disinfection (UV at 254 nm). In the vacuum UV (VUV, 185/254 nm)/sulfite system, the elimination kinetics of BrO3- increased by 9-fold and 15-fold comparing with VUV alone and UV/sulfite system. This study further demonstrated the hydrated electron (eaq-) works as the dominant species in BrO3- degradation in alkaline solution, while in the acidic solution the H• became a secondary reactive species besides eaq-. Hence, the influences of pH, sulfite concentration, dissolved gas and water matrix on effectiveness of degradation kinetics of BrO3- was explored in details. With increasing pH, the proportion of SO32- species increased and even became the major ones, which also correlated well with the kobs (min-1) of BrO3- degradation. The stability of eaq- also climbs with increasing pH, while that of H• drops significantly. Higher sulfite dosage favored a more rapid degradation of BrO3-. The presence of dissolved oxygen inhibited BrO3- removal due to the scavenging effect of O2 toward eaq- and transformed VUV/sulfite-based ARP to an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which was ineffective for BrO3- removal. BrO3- removal was inhibited to varying degrees after anions (e.g., bicarbonate (HCO3-), chloride (Cl-), nitrate (NO3-)) and humic acid (HA) being added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China.
| | - Junjie Li
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Weijie Tang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China
| | - Chun Yang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, PR China.
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, PR China
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13
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Lou J, An J, Wang X, Cheng M, Cui Y. A novel DBD/VUV/PMS process for efficient sulfadiazine degradation in wastewater: Singlet oxygen-dominated nonradical oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132650. [PMID: 37813033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel process of dielectric barrier discharge plasma/vacuum ultraviolet/peroxymonosulfate (DBD/VUV/PMS) for the nonradical-dominated degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) was investigated. The hybrid system has significant synergistic effects, with 95.5% SDZ and 68.3% TOC removal within 10 min. The activation efficiency of DBD/VUV (69.0%) on PMS via multipath was 2.07 times higher than that of single DBD (33.3%) under alkaline conditions. Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses and trapping experiments showed 1O2 was the primary active substance in the DBD/VUV/PMS process. The predominant role of 1O2 revealed that SDZ removal mainly followed the nonradical reaction pathway, contrary to the previously reported non-thermal plasma (NTP)-based radical-dominated process. Multiple spectroscopy analysis showed the efficient degradation process of SDZ. Unlike the radical attack sites, the SDZ transformation pathway by nonradical 1O2 was probably initiated by an aniline ring site attack based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations and product analyses. The DBD/VUV/PMS process reduced energy consumption by 69% compared to DBD. Finally, the evaluation of ecotoxicity and PMS utilization demonstrated the advantages and application prospects of the DBD/VUV/PMS process. This research developed a new nonradical-dominated pathway for antibiotic degradation by the photo/plasma/persulfate process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lou
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Jiutao An
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiangyou Wang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Meng Cheng
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
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14
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Tian X, Liu Y, Yakubov S, Schütte J, Chiba S, Barham JP. Photo- and electro-chemical strategies for the activations of strong chemical bonds. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:263-316. [PMID: 38059728 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00581f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The employment of light and/or electricity - alternatively to conventional thermal energy - unlocks new reactivity paradigms as tools for chemical substrate activations. This leads to the development of new synthetic reactions and a vast expansion of chemical spaces. This review summarizes recent developments in photo- and/or electrochemical activation strategies for the functionalization of strong bonds - particularly carbon-heteroatom (C-X) bonds - via: (1) direct photoexcitation by high energy UV light; (2) activation via photoredox catalysis under irradiation with relatively lower energy UVA or blue light; (3) electrochemical reduction; (4) combination of photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Based on the types of the targeted C-X bonds, various transformations ranging from hydrodefunctionalization to cross-coupling are covered with detailed discussions of their reaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhai Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Yuliang Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Shahboz Yakubov
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Schütte
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| | - Joshua P Barham
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Khan Q, Sayed M, Khan JA, Rehman F, Noreen S, Sohni S, Gul I. Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) for wastewater treatment, current challenges, and future perspectives: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1863-1889. [PMID: 38063964 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs) are considered as effective water treatment technologies and thus could be used to solve the problem of water pollution. These technologies of wastewater treatment involve the production of highly reactive species such as •OH, H•, e-aq, SO4•-, and SO3•-. These radicals can attack the targeted contaminants present in aqueous media and result in their destruction. The efficiency of AO/RPs is highly affected by various operational parameters such as initial concentration of contaminant, solution pH, catalyst amount, intensity of light source, nature of oxidant and reductant used, and the presence of various ionic species in aquatic media. Among AO/RPs, the solar light-based AO/RPs are most widely used nowadays for contaminant removal from aqueous media because of their high environmental friendliness and cost effectiveness. By using these techniques, almost all types of pollutants can be easily removed from aquatic media within short intervals of time, and hence, the problem of water pollution can be solved effectively. This review focuses on various AO/RPs used for wastewater treatment. The effects of different operational parameters that affect the efficiency of these processes toward contaminant removal have been discussed. Besides, challenges and future recommendations are also briefly provided for the researchers in order to improve the efficiency of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qaiser Khan
- Radiation and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Sayed
- Radiation and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Javed Ali Khan
- Radiation and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saima Noreen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saima Sohni
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ikhtiar Gul
- Radiation and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, National Centre of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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16
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Hou C, Deng J, Li S, Li H, Zhou Y, Zhai Y. Differences between reductive defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid by chlorination, bromination, and iodization in the vacuum-ultraviolet/sulfite process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132459. [PMID: 37683349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of iodide (I-) has broad perspectives on the decomposition of perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, CnF2n+1COO-). However, the iodinated substances produced are highly toxic synthetic chemicals, hence, it is urgent to find a similar alternative with less toxicity. In this work, the defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) by I-, bromide (Br-) and chlorine (Cl-) was systematically compared in the VUV/sulfite process. Results indicated that the PFOA defluorination rates increased with increasing nucleophilicity of halogens (I > Br > Cl). Meanwhile, the introduction of I-, Br-, and Cl- reduced the interference of the coexisting water matrix on the degrading influence of PFOA. The in situ produced eaq-, SO3•-, H•, and HO• were recognized, among the addition of I- maximized the relative contribution of eaq- but Br- and Cl- decreased that of H• and other radicals. Additionally, HPLC/MS analysis revealed the presence of I-, Br-, and Cl- had a vital impact on the difference in product concentrations, while they had a negligible effect on the change in the pathway of degradation. Overall, this study demonstrated the similarities and differences between I-, Br-, and Cl-, which has significant implications for further understanding VUV/sulfite degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlan Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Shanhong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Hunan Academy of Forestry and State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Yin Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yunbo Zhai
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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17
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Liu Y, Duan J, Zhou Q, Zhu L, Liu N, Sun Z. Effective degradation of lindane and its isomers by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma: Synergistic effects of various reactive species. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 338:139607. [PMID: 37480953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lindane is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide which has been included in the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) list together with its two hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. Due to its continuous use in the past decades, the environmental impacts of HCHs are still severe now. Therefore, in the present study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma was used as an advanced oxidation process for the destruction of HCHs in water. The result indicated that in air-DBD system, over 95.4% of the initial 5 mg L-1 lindane was degraded within 60 min. Moreover, DBD plasma displayed high degradation efficiencies of other HCH isomers including α, β, and δ-HCH. Electron spin resonance spectra, scavenging experiments and theoretical calculations revealed that the synergistic effects of various reactive species were the main reason for the high efficiency of DBD plasma. For instance, both hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and electrons (e-) could initiate the degradation of HCHs, while other reactive species such as 1O2 and ONOOH played important roles in the decomposition of intermediates. Therefore, the present study not only provided an effective approach for the treatment of HCHs, but also revealed the underlying mechanism based on in-depth experimental investigation and theoretical calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinping Duan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Luxiang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Institute of Environment and Health, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Zhuyu Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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18
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Li B, Pan H, Chen B. A review of factors affecting the formation and roles of primary and secondary reactive species in UV 254-based advanced treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 244:120537. [PMID: 37683496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The presence of organic micropollutants (OMPs) in water has been threatening human health and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Ultraviolet-based advanced treatment processes (UV-ATPs) are one of the most effective and promising technologies to transform OMPs in water; therefore, an increasing number of emerging UV-ATPs are proposed. However, appropriate selection of UV-ATPs for practical applications is challenging because each UV-ATP generates different types and concentrations of reactive species (RSs) that may not be sufficient to degrade specific types of OMPs. Furthermore, the concentrations and types of RSs are highly influenced by anions and dissolved organic matter (DOM) coexisting in real waters, making systematic understandings of their interfering mechanisms difficult. To identify and address the knowledge gaps, this review provides a comparison of the generations and variations of various types of RSs in different UV-ATPs. These analyses not only prove the importance of water matrices on formation and consumption of primary and secondary RSs under different conditions, but also highlight the non-negligible roles of optical properties and reactivities of DOM and anions. For example, different UV-ATPs may be applicable to different target OMPs under different conditions; and the concentrations and roles of secondary RSs may outperform those of primary RSs in OMP degradation for real applications. With continuous progress and outstanding achievements in the UV-ATPs, it is hoped that the findings and conclusions of this review could facilitate further research and application of UV-ATPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huimei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baiyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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19
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Huang W, Yuan Y, Zhong D, Zhang P, Liangdy A, Lim TT, Ma W, Yuan Y. Catalytic activity of H 2O 2 by goethite and lepidocrocite: Insight from 5-bromosalicylic acid removal mechanism and density functional theory calculation (ID:CHEM114760). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 329:138551. [PMID: 37003437 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We have compared the elimination of 5-bromosalicylic acid (BSA) in the systems of goethite (α-FeOOH)/H2O2 and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH)/H2O2. The results demonstrated that BSA (10 mg L-1) could be successfully adsorbed on α- and γ-FeOOH (0.5 g L-1) and then effectively degraded after the addition of H2O2 (14.7 mM). BSA adsorption on both α- and γ-FeOOH followed pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic models, with γ-FeOOH having greater adsorption ability than α-FeOOH. In the α-FeOOH/H2O2 system, BSA degradation was well fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetics, whereas the oxidation in γ-FeOOH/H2O2 system had a two-stage pseudo-first order kinetics. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results for these two systems revealed the presence of •OH and •OOH, and further tests with radical captures demonstrated their dominance in degrading BSA. Based on the electronic structure analysis, electrons were more easily transferred from the H2O2 molecule to the Fe atoms of α-FeOOH, explaining the density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, which showed that α-FeOOH performed better in catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2. However, the free radicals are more likely to desorb from γ-FeOOH, which made the γ-FeOOH/H2O2 system more efficient in degrading BSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yixing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Dan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Peng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Arvin Liangdy
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Teik-Thye Lim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute (NEWRI), Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, CleanTech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Wencheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China.
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Biological Engineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing, 100176, China.
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20
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Cao Y, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Qiu W, Pang S, Jiang J. Degradation of metoprolol by UV/sulfite as an advanced oxidation or reduction process: The significant role of oxygen. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 128:107-116. [PMID: 36801026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of metoprolol (MTP) by the UV/sulfite with oxygen as an advanced reduction process (ARP) and that without oxygen as an advanced oxidation process (AOP) was comparatively studied herein. The degradation of MTP by both processes followed the first-order rate law with comparable reaction rate constants of 1.50×10-3sec-1 and 1.20×10-3sec-1, respectively. Scavenging experiments demonstrated that both eaq- and H• played a crucial role in MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite as an ARP, while SO4•- was the dominant oxidant in the UV/sulfite AOP. The degradation kinetics of MTP by the UV/sulfite as an ARP and AOP shared a similar pH dependence with a minimum rate obtained around pH 8. The results could be well explained by the pH impacts on the MTP speciation and sulfite species. Totally six transformation products (TPs) were identified from MTP degradation by the UV/sulfite ARP, and two additional ones were detected in the UV/sulfite AOP. The benzene ring and ether groups of MTP were proposed as the major reactive sites for both processes based on molecular orbital calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The similar degradation products of MTP by the UV/sulfite process as an ARP and AOP indicated that eaq-/H• and SO4•- might share similar reaction mechanisms, primarily including hydroxylation, dealkylation, and H abstraction. The toxicity of MTP solution treated by the UV/sulfite AOP was calculated to be higher than that in the ARP by the Ecological Structure Activity Relationships (ECOSAR) software, due to the accumulation of TPs with higher toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Juan Li
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai 519087, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Yanxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yumeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
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21
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Fennell B, Fowler D, Mezyk SP, McKay G. Reactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter with the Hydrated Electron: Implications for Treatment of Chemical Contaminants in Water with Advanced Reduction Processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7634-7643. [PMID: 37141499 PMCID: PMC10862553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Advanced reduction processes (ARP) have garnered increasing attention for the treatment of recalcitrant chemical contaminants, most notably per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). However, the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the availability of the hydrated electron (eaq-), the key reactive species formed in ARP, is not completely understood. Using electron pulse radiolysis and transient absorption spectroscopy, we measured bimolecular reaction rates constant for eaq- reaction with eight aquatic and terrestrial humic substance and natural organic matter isolates ( kDOM,eaq-), with the resulting values ranging from (0.51 ± 0.01) to (2.11 ± 0.04) × 108 MC-1 s-1. kDOM,eaq- measurements at varying temperature, pH, and ionic strength indicate that activation energies for diverse DOM isolates are ≈18 kJ mol-1 and that kDOM,eaq- could be expected to vary by less than a factor of 1.5 between pH 5 and 9 or from an ionic strength of 0.02 to 0.12 M. kDOM,eaq- exhibited a significant, positive correlation to % carbonyl carbon for the isolates studied, but relationships to other DOM physicochemical properties were surprisingly more scattered. A 24 h UV/sulfite experiment employing chloroacetate as an eaq- probe revealed that continued eaq- exposure abates DOM chromophores and eaq- scavenging capacity over a several hour time scale. Overall, these results indicate that DOM is an important eaq- scavenger that will reduce the rate of target contaminant degradation in ARP. These impacts are likely greater in waste streams like membrane concentrates, spent ion exchange resins, or regeneration brines that have elevated DOM concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
D. Fennell
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Douglas Fowler
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mezyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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22
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Dong S, Ding Y, Feng H, Xu J, Han J, Jiang W, Xia Y, Wang A. Source preventing mechanism of florfenicol resistance risk in water by VUV/UV/sulfite advanced reduction pretreatment. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 235:119876. [PMID: 36931185 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To avoid the inhibition of microbial activity and the emergence of bacterial resistance, effective abiotic pretreatment methods to eliminate the antibacterial activity of target antibiotics before the biotreatment system for antibiotic-containing wastewater are necessary. In this study, the VUV/UV/sulfite system was developed as a pretreatment technique for the source elimination of florfenicol (FLO) resistance risk. Compared with the VUV/UV/persulfate and sole VUV photolysis, the VUV/UV/sulfite system had the highest decomposition rate (0.33 min‒1) and the highest defluorination (83.0%), resulting in the efficient elimination of FLO antibacterial activity with less than 2.0% mineralization, which would effectively retain the carbon sources for the sludge microorganisms in the subsequent biotreatment process. Furthermore, H• was confirmed to play a more important role in the elimination of FLO antibacterial activity by controlling the environmental conditions for the formation and transformation of reactive species and adding their scavengers. Based on the theoretical calculation and proposed photolytic intermediates, the elimination of FLO antibacterial activity was achieved by dechlorination, defluorination and removal of sulfomethyl groups. When the pretreated FLO-containing wastewater entered the biological treatment unit, the abundance of associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the relative abundance of integrons were efficiently prevented by approximately 55.4% and 22.9%, respectively. These results demonstrated that the VUV/UV/sulfite system could be adopted as a promising pretreatment option for the source elimination of FLO resistance risk by target decomposition of its responsible structures before the subsequent biotreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjing Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China; School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China.
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jixiao Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Jinglong Han
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yijing Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China; International Science and Technology Cooperation Platform for Low-Carbon Recycling of Waste and Green Development, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
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23
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Qiu J, Hou X, Ren Y, Liu C, Meng F, Lee JF, Lin YJ, Huang Z, Ma H, Shi Z, Feng C. Photoinduced transformation of ferrihydrite in the presence of aqueous sulfite and its influence on the repartitioning of Cd. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119607. [PMID: 36680820 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The photoinduced transformation of ferrihydrite is an important process that can predict the geochemical cycle of Fe in anoxic environments as well as the fate of trace elements bonded to Fe minerals. We report that the photooxidation of sulfite by UV irradiation produces hydrated electrons (super-reductants), which significantly promote ferrihydrite reduction to Fe(II), and SO3•- (a moderate oxidant), enabling its further oxidation to more crystalline Fe(III) products. The experimental results show that the concentration of sulfite was key in influencing the rate and extent of surface-bound Fe(II) formation, which ultimately determined the distribution of individual products. For example, fitting of the Mössbauer spectroscopy data revealed that the relative abundances of mineral species after 8 h of treatment in the UV/sulfite systems were 41.9% lepidocrocite and 58.1% ferrihydrite at 2 mM SO32-; 41.8% goethite, 28.2% lepidocrocite, and 29.1% ferrihydrite at 5 mM SO32-; and 100% goethite at 10 mM SO32-. The combined results of the chemical speciation analysis and the Cd K-edge EXAFS characterization provided compelling evidence that Cd was firmly incorporated into the structure of newly formed minerals, particularly at high sulfite concentrations. These findings provide an understanding of the role of UV/sulfite in facilitating ferrihydrite transformation and promoting Cd stabilization in oxygen-deficit soils and aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qiu
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaokang Hou
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yuan Ren
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chengshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Fangyuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, PR China
| | - Jyh-Fu Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, ROC
| | - Yu-Jung Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30076, ROC
| | - Ziyuan Huang
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Huanxin Ma
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenqing Shi
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chunhua Feng
- The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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24
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Song G, Su P, Zhang Q, Wang X, Zhou M. Revisiting UV/sulfite exposed to air: A redox process for reductive dechlorination and oxidative mineralization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160246. [PMID: 36402334 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) widely exists in many industrial wastewaters and is considered a priority pollutant due to its high toxicity. In this work, we proposed a UV/sulfite process without aeration for high-efficiency dechlorination and enhanced mineralization. The UV/sulfite system significantly improved the removal of 2,4-DCP (93.33 % in 60 min) and dechlorination rate (85.13 % in 60 min) compared with UV alone and sulfite alone, and the synergistic factor was 6.59. The UV/sulfite system without aeration improved the mineralization rate (49.80 %) compared with the nitrogen aeration system. UV/sulfite was a reduction-oxidation coupled process and was more suitable for neutral and alkaline conditions. Reducing species (hydrated electrons and H•) made 2,4-DCP dechlorinate to form dechlorination products such as p-chlorophenol (4-CP), o-chlorophenol (2-CP), and phenol, which were further mineralized by oxidized species (SO4•-). UV/sulfite remained highly efficient in the presence of coexisting ions and under different water quality conditions. This process was also suitable for removing a wide range of chlorinated organic compounds. The UV/sulfite process without aeration can achieve high dechlorination and enhanced mineralization with simple operation and low cost (1.78 $·m-3 order-1), which has a broad and cost-effective application prospect in removing refractory halogenated organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Song
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pei Su
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qizhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Minghua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Process and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Technology for Complex Trans-Media Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; Tianjin Advanced Water Treatment Technology International Joint Research Center, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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25
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Li Y, Lv L, Yang L, He L, Chen Y, Wu L, Zhang Z. Boosting degradation and defluorination efficiencies of PFBS in a vacuum-ultraviolet/S(Ⅳ) process with iodide involvement. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137531. [PMID: 36509188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) is considered to be a promising alternative of perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS), while it is also hazardous. The UV/S (Ⅳ) system has been confirmed to be effective for PFOS removal from water, while it is inefficient for PFBS decomposition. A hybrid vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV)/S (Ⅳ)/KI process was investigated for the degradation of PFBS in aqueous solution. With KI involvement, the degradation rate of PFBS was boosted from 1.8802 μg h-1 up to 3.5818 μg h-1 in the VUV/S (Ⅳ) process. Alkaline conditions significantly increased the degradation efficiency of PFBS, which can be explained that S (Ⅳ) was dominated by SO32- rather than HSO3- and H2SO3 in alkaline conditions. Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, NO2-, and HA would inhibit the performance of the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process via various reactions. In addition, the toxicity of PFBS was significantly reduced by the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process. Even in actual waters, the VUV/S (Ⅳ)/KI process also presented a satisfying performance in the degradation of PFBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lixin Lv
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
| | - Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, ABI5 8QH, UK
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26
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Boosted chloramphenicol mineralization and detoxification of UV/S(IV) processes with straightforward aeration: The critical contribution of post-reoxygenation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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27
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So HL, Wang L, Liu J, Chu W, Li T, Abdelhaleem A. Insights into the degradation of diphenhydramine - An emerging SARS-CoV-2 medicine by UV/Sulfite. Sep Purif Technol 2022; 303:122193. [PMID: 36168647 PMCID: PMC9502506 DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As Diphenhydramine (DPH) has been considered as a drug to treat SARS-CoV-2, the degradation of DPH from water was investigated and evaluated in this study by adopting an advanced oxidation/advanced reduction process – the UV/sulfite process. The UV/sulfite system was able to eliminate DPH within 6 mins under UV254nm and 1.0 mM sulfite. It was observed that the presence of NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42- anions in water can affect the performance of UV/Sulfite degradation system. The mechanism of UV/sulfite/anions was evaluated which the presence of NO3- in UV/sulfite process has revealed faster initial decay rate but lower final DPH removal. It was observed that the UV/Sulfite process was extremely sensitive to pH as the dissociation of ion species varied among pH. The reaction became sluggish in acidic solution due to the dissociation of less reactive species such as HSO3-. In alkaline solution, SO32- was the dominant species, producing powerful SO3∙- and eaq- when activated by UV at 254 nm. By conducting LC/MS analysis, the degradation pathway was proposed and can be summarized into four main pathways: hydroxylation, side chain cleavage, losing aromatic ring or ring opening. Scavenging tests were also carried out and validated the presence of various radicals contributing to the reaction, including eaq-, H˙, OH˙, SO3˙-, O2•- and SO4˙-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Lam So
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 760 Davis Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Jianghui Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Chu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Amal Abdelhaleem
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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28
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Ding Y, Han J, Feng H, Liang Y, Jiang W, Liu S, Liang B, Wang M, Li Z, Wang A, Ren N. Source prevention of halogenated antibiotic resistance genes proliferation: UV/sulfite advanced reduction process achieved accurate and efficient elimination of florfenicol antibacterial activity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157844. [PMID: 35934035 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The production and consumption of halogenated antibiotics, such as florfenicol (FLO), remain high, accompanied by a large amount of antibiotic-containing wastewater, which would induce the potential proliferation and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in conventional biological systems. This study revealed that the introduction of reductive species (mainly H) by adding sulfite during UV irradiation process accelerated the decomposition rate of FLO, increasing from 0.1379 min-1 in the single UV photolytic system to 0.3375 min-1 in the UV/sulfite system. The enhanced photodecomposition in UV/sulfite system was attributed to the improved dehalogenation performance and additional removal of sulfomethyl group at the site of the benzene ring, which were the representative structures consisting of FLO antibacterial activity. Compared with single UV photolysis, UV/sulfite advanced reduction process saved the light energy requirement by 40 % for the evolutionary suppression of floR, and its corresponding class of ARGs in subsequent biotreatment system was controlled at the level of the negative group. Compared with UV/H2O2 and UV/persulfate systems, the decomposition rate of FLO in the UV/S system was the highest and preserved the corresponding carbon source of the coexisting organic compounds for the potential utilization of microbial metabolism in subsequent biotreatment process. These results demonstrated that UV/sulfite advanced reduction process could be adopted as a promising pretreatment option for the source prevention of representative ARGs proliferation of halogenated antibiotics in subsequent biotreatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcheng Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Jinglong Han
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| | - Huajun Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yuxiang Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Shuhao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China; School of Statistics and Mathematics, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
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29
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Saawarn B, Mahanty B, Hait S, Hussain S. Sources, occurrence, and treatment techniques of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in aqueous matrices: A comprehensive review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 214:114004. [PMID: 35970375 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a class of synthetic organic pollutants, have prompted concerns about their global prevalence and possible health effects. This review consolidates the most recent data on different aspects of PFAS, such as their occurrence, and prominent sources. The current literature analysis of PFAS occurrence suggests significant variation in their concentration ranging from 0.025 to 1.2 × 108 ng/L in wastewater, 0.01 to 8.9 × 105 ng/L in surface water, and <0.01 to 1.3 × 104 ng/L in groundwater globally. Since conventional treatment techniques are inadequate in remediating PFAS, innovative treatment approaches based on their removal or mineralization mechanism have been comprehensively reviewed. Advanced treatment technologies have shown degradation or removal of PFAS to be around 6 and > 99.9% in different aqueous matrices. However, due to significant drawbacks in their applicability in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), a novel treatment train approach has emerged as an effective alternative. This approach synergistically integrates multiple remediation techniques while addressing the impediments of individual treatments. Furthermore, nanofiltration (NF270) combined with electrochemical degradation has been demonstrated to be the most efficient (>98%) treatment train approach in PFAS remediation. If implemented in WWTPs, nanofiltration followed by adsorption using activated carbon is also a viable method for PFAS removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavini Saawarn
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Byomkesh Mahanty
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
| | - Subrata Hait
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India.
| | - Sahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, 801 106, India
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Huang H, Liang X, Li Q, Deng J, Zou J, Li X, Ma X, Li G, Chen G. High-performance reductive decomposition of trichloroacetamide by the vacuum-ultraviolet/sulfite process: Kinetics, mechanism and combined toxicity risk. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119122. [PMID: 36152441 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trichloroacetamide (TCAcAm) is among of the nitrogenous disinfection by-products (N-DBPs) with high cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, which is usually detected at low concentration (μg/L) in drinking water. In this study, advanced reduction process (ARP) based on vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) was employed to eliminate TCAcAm. Compared with VUV, VUV/sulfide, and VUV/ferrous iron processes, VUV/sulfite process demonstrated excellent performance for TCAcAm decomposition, the higher removal of TCAcAm could be achieved by VUV/sulfite process (85.6 %) than VUV direct photolysis (13.5 %) due to the production of a great number of reactive species. The degradation of TCAcAm followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics well in VUV/sulfite process, and the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kobs) increased with increasing sulfite concentration. Reactive species quenching experiments demonstrated that eaq-, SO3·- and H· were involved in the degradation of TCAcAm. The in situ generated eaq-, SO3·- and HO· via VUV/sulfite process were identified by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and the eaq- was proved to be the dominated species (relative contribution: 83.5 %) for TCAcAm decomposition. The second-order rate constant of TCAcAm with eaq- was determined to be 2.41 × 1010 M-1 s-1 for the first time based on competitive kinetic method. The complete TCAcAm degradation could be achieved at pH > 8.3, while TCAcAm degradation efficiency decreased to 11.9 % at pH 5.8. TCAcAm decay could be divided into two stages: rapid growth (sulfite dosage: 0.25-1.0 mM) and slow growth (sulfite dosage: 1.0-4.0 mM). The yield of eaq- was controlled by sulfite dosage, and the predict yield of eaq- increased from 3.69 × 10-14 to 2.58 × 10-12 M with increasing the sulfite dosage from 0.25 to 4.0 mM by Kintecus 6.80, which resulted in an increase in TCAcAm removal. Meanwhile, the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and humic acid (HA) posed negative influence on TCAcAm decomposition to various degrees. Dichloroacetamide (DCAcAm), trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) and Cl- were identified as intermediate products, indicated that reductive dechlorination and hydrolysis coexisted during the degradation of TCAcAm in VUV/sulfite process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahan Huang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xinrui Liang
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China; Key Laboratory of Water Resources Utilization and Protection, Xiamen city, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jing Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jing Zou
- College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Civil Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Guoyuan Chen
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361005, China
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Zhao Y, Zhang C, Chu L, Zhou Q, Huang B, Ji R, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Hydrated electron based photochemical processes for water treatment. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119212. [PMID: 36223677 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hydrated electron (eaq-) based photochemical processes have emerged as a promising technology for contaminant removal in water due to the mild operating conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date summary on eaq- based photochemical processes for the decomposition of various oxidative contaminants. Specifically, the characteristics of different photo-reductive systems are first elaborated, including the environment required to generate sufficient eaq-, the advantages and disadvantages of each system, and the comparison of the degradation efficiency of contaminants induced by eaq-. In addition, the identification methods of eaq- (e.g., laser flash photolysis, scavenging studies, chemical probes and electron spin resonance techniques) are summarized, and the influences of operating conditions (e.g., solution pH, dissolved oxygen, source chemical concentration and UV type) on the performance of contaminants are also discussed. Considering the complexity of contaminated water, particular attention is paid to the influence of water matrix (e.g., coexisting anions, alkalinity and humic acid). Moreover, the degradation regularities of various contaminants (e.g., perfluorinated compounds, disinfection by-products and nitrate) by eaq- are summarized. We finally put forward several research prospects for the decomposition of contaminants by eaq- based photochemical processes to promote their practical application in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Liquan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Baorong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ruixin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Chen H, Lin T, Wang P, Zhang X, Jiang F, Liu W. Treatment of bromate in UV/sulfite autoxidation process enhances formation of dibromoacetonitrile during chlorination. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 225:119207. [PMID: 36215832 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The integration of UV/sulfite autoxidation process (USAP, i.e., UV activation of sulfite in the presence of 5 ∼ 10 mg/L O2) into conventional water to degrade micropollutants rises extensive attention, but its impact on water quality, and especially the formation of disinfection byproducts is still unclear. Herein, the formation of dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) from bromate (BrO3-) upon treatment with USAP followed by chlorination was evaluated, in the presence of amino acids (AAs) selected as representative organic matter in drinking water. Results revealed that hydrated electrons (eaq-) produced during USAP contribute to the reduction of BrO3- to Br-, which is then converted into HBrO/BrO- during post-chlorination. At the same time, sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generated in USAP mediated AAs' conversion via α-hydrogen abstraction and NH2-hydrogen abstraction reactions to produce HN=C(CH3)‒COOH, CH3‒CH=NH, and CH3‒CN, which are released into the post-chlorination stage and therefore, enhance the bromine utilization factor (BUF) value and DBAN formation. The effects of the USAP treatment time, BrO3- concentration, AA concentration, pH, and real waters were also evaluated. Although 63.5% of BrO3- was eliminated by USAP followed by chlorination, the toxicity index (TI) was increased by 1.5-fold due to the formation of the all brominated CX3R-type nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), demonstrating the potential risk of applying USAP as a treatment process in BrO3- containing waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company Limited, Suzhou 215002, PR China
| | - Fuchun Jiang
- Suzhou Water Supply Company Limited, Suzhou 215002, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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33
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Zhao G, Ding J, Ren J, Zhao Q, Fan H, Wang K, Gao Q, Chen X, Long M. Treasuring industrial sulfur by-products: A review on add-value to reductive sulfide and sulfite for contaminant removal and hydrogen production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 438:129462. [PMID: 35792429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reductive sulfur-containing by-products (S-BPs) released from industrial process mainly exist in the simple form of sulfide and sulfite. In this study, recent advances to remove and make full use of reductive S-BPs to achieve efficient contaminant removal and hydrogen production are critically reviewed. Sulfide, serves as both reductant and nucleophile, can form intermediates with the catalyst surface functional group through chemical interaction, efficiently promoting the catalytic reduction process to remove contaminants. Sulfite assisted catalytic process could be classified to the advanced reduction processes (ARPs) and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), mainly depending on the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the solution. During ARPs, sulfite could generate reductive active species including hydrated electron (eaq-), hydrogen radical (H·), and sulfite radical (SO3•-) under the irradiation of UV light, leading to the efficient reduction removal of a variety of contaminants. During AOPs, sulfite could first produce SO3•- under the action of the catalyst or energy, initiating a series of reactions to produce oxysulfur radicals. Various contaminants could be effectively removed under the role of these oxidizing active species. Sulfides and sulfites could also be removed along with promoting hydrogen production via photocatalytic and electrocatalytic processes. Besides, the present limitations and the prospects for future practical applications of the process with these S-BPs are proposed. Overall, this review gives a comprehensive summary and aims to provide new insights and thoughts in promoting contaminant removal and hydrogen production through taking full advantage of reductive S-BPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanshu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jing Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Jiayi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Haojun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xueqi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Mingce Long
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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34
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Gu Y, Song Z, Dong Z, Sun F, Jiang C, Qi J. Efficient degradation and deiodination of iopamidol by UV/sulfite process: Assessment of typical process parameters and transformation paths. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 167:107383. [PMID: 35952467 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iopamidol (IPM) is widely used in medical clinical examination and treatment and has immeasurable harm to the ecological environment. The combination of UV and sulfite (UV/sulfite) process was developed to degrade IPM in this study. In contrast to that almost no removal of IPM was observed under sulfite reduction alone, the UV/sulfite process could efficiently reductively degrade IPM with the observed rate constant (kobs) of 2.08 min-1, which was nearly 4 times that of UV irradiation alone. The major active species in the UV/sulfite process were identified as hydrated electrons (eaq-) by employing active species scavengers. The influence of the initial pH, sulfite dosage, IPM concentration, UV intensity and common water matrix were evaluated. The degradation of IPM reached nearly 100% within only 2.5 min at pH 9, and kobs increased at higher initial sulfite dosages and greater UV intensities. HCO3- had a limited effect on the degradation of IPM, while humic acid (HA) was found to be a strong inhibitor in the UV/sulfite process. With the synergistic action of UV/sulfite, most of the iodine in IPM was found to release in the form of iodide ions (up to approximately 98%), and a few formed iodide-containing organic compounds, reducing significantly the toxicity of degradation products. Under direct UV irradiation and free radical reduction (mainly eaq-), 15 transformation intermediates of IPM were produced by amide hydrolysis, deiodination, hydroxyl radical addition and hydrogen abstraction reactions, in which free radical attack accounted for the main part. Consequently, the UV/sulfite process has a strong potential for IPM degradation in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Gu
- School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zi Song
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zijun Dong
- School of Civil and Traffic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Feiyun Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Chengchun Jiang
- School of Material and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jikun Qi
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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35
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Wang J, Liu J, Peng X, He M, Hu X, Zhao J, Zhu F, Yang X, Kong L. Reductive removal of As(V) and As(III) from aqueous solution by the UV/sulfite process: Recovery of elemental arsenic. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 223:118981. [PMID: 35994788 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of arsenic (As(V) and As(III)) from contaminated water has attracted great attention. However, the generation of arsenic-containing hazardous waste by traditional methods has become an inevitable environmental problem. Herein, a UV/sulfite advanced reduction method was proposed to remove As(V) and As(III) from aqueous solution in the form of valuable elemental arsenic (As(0)), thus avoiding the generation of arsenic-containing hazardous waste. The results showed that greater than 99.9% of As(V) and As(III) were reduced to the high purity As(0) (> 99.5 wt%) with the residual arsenic concentration below 10 μg L-1. The hydrated electrons (eaq-), H• and SO3•- radicals are generated by the UV/sulfite process, of which eaq- and H• serve as reductants of As(V) and As(III) while the SO3•- radicals inhibit arsenic reduction by oxidizing arsenic. The effective quantum efficiency (Φ) for the formation of As(0) in the As(V) and As(III) removal process is approximately 0.0078 and 0.0055 mol/Einstein, respectively. The reduction of arsenic is favorable under alkaline conditions (pH > 9.0) due to the higher photolysis efficiency of SO32- than HSO3- (pKa = 7.2) and higher stability of eaq-/H• under alkaline conditions. The presence of dissolved oxygen (O2), NO2-, NO3-, CO32-, PO43- and humic acid (HA) inhibited arsenic reduction through light blocking or eaq-/H• scavenging effects while Cl-, SO42-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ had negligible effects on arsenic reduction. The proposed method can effectively remove and recover arsenic from contaminated water at a low cost, demonstrating feasibility for practical application. This study provides a novel technology for the reductive removal and recovery of arsenic from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiyong Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Campus, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Xianjia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mengchang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Linghao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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Fan J, Deng C, Rao Y. Photodegradation of N-nitrosodimethylamine under 365 nm Light Emitting Diode Irradiation. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2022; 94:e10787. [PMID: 36082624 DOI: 10.1002/wer.10787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation of NDMA has been extensively investigated under the irradiation of low-pressure or medium-pressure Hg lamps and xenon lamp. However, NDMA photolysis remains unknown under 365 nm ultraviolet light-emitting diode (UV-LED) irradiation. This study conducted a comprehensive investigation on NDMA photodegradation by 365 nm UV-LED illumination. The quantum yield of NDMA photolysis under 365 nm UV-LED irradiation was determined to be 0.0312 ± 0.0047. The influence of pH on NDMA photodegradation was found to be wavelength dependent. Compared with distilled and deionized water (DDW), tap water inhibited NDMA photodegradation, but secondary wastewater effluent did not. Based on the quantification of NDMA photolysis products and pH influence, the photooxidation of the excited NDMA in the nonprotonated form was proposed to be a major pathway for NDMA photodegradation under the irradiation of UV-LED lamp at 365 nm. This study further enhances our knowledge on NDMA photodegradation. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Quantum yield of NDMA photolysis at 365 nm was determined to be 0.0312 ± 0.0047. The influence of pH on NDMA photodegradation was wavelength dependent. NDMA photodegradation was inhibited in tap water compared with that in DDW. NDMA photodegradation in SWE was similar to that in DDW. Excited nonprotonated NDMA photooxidation is a major degradation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cun Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongfang Rao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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37
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Cong Y, Shen L, Wang B, Cao J, Pan Z, Wang Z, Wang K, Li Q, Li X. Efficient removal of Cr(VI) at alkaline pHs by sulfite/iodide/UV: Mechanism and modeling. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118919. [PMID: 35933816 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of toxic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) under alkaline conditions is still a challenge due to the relatively low reactivity of CrO42-. This study proposed a new sulfite/iodide/UV process to remove Cr(VI). The removal of Cr(VI) followed pseudo-zero-order kinetics at alkaline pHs, and was enhanced by sulfite and iodide with synergy. Compared with sulfite/UV, iodide in sulfite/iodide/UV showed about 40 times higher concentration-normalized enhancement for Cr(VI) removal, and reduced the requirement of sulfite ([S(IV)]0/[Cr(VI)]0 of about 2.1:1) by more than 90%. The Cr(VI) removal was accelerated by decreasing pH and by increasing temperature, and was slightly influenced by dissolved oxygen, carbonate, and humic acid. The process was still effective in real surface water and industrial wastewater. Mechanism and pathways of Cr(VI) removal were revealed by quenching experiments, competition kinetic analysis, product identification and quantification, and mass and electron balance. Both eaq- and SO3•- were responsible for Cr(VI) removal, making contributions of about 75% and 25%, respectively. When eaq- mainly reacted with Cr(VI), SO3•- participated in reduction of Cr(V) and Cr(IV) intermediates, with Cr(III), S2O62-, and SO42- as the final products. A model was developed to predict removal kinetics of Cr(VI), and well interpreted the roles of S(IV) and iodide in the process. This study sheds light on mechanism of Cr(VI) removal at alkaline pHs by kinetic modeling, and thus advances the applicability of this promising process for water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Cong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lidong Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Baimei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianlai Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zixuan Pan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qiangbiao Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xuchun Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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Zhao Z, Yu L, Zheng L, Guo T, Lv Z, Song S, Zheng H. TiO 2@PDA inorganic-organic core-shell skeleton supported Pd nanodots for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:128998. [PMID: 35487007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of catalysts with high atom utilization and activity is the biggest challenge for electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination (EHDC) technology. Herein, a design strategy of TiO2@PDA inorganic-organic core-shell skeleton for loading lower dosage of noble palladium (Pd) with robust activity is reported. The self-supported TiO2@PDA nanorod arrays provides exposed surface area for anchoring Pd and PDA as interlayer controls the Pd nucleation to form nanodots with high dispersion, realizing high atom utilization. Moreover, the strong interaction between PDA and Pd realizes the coexistence of electron-rich and deficient Pd species with suitable proportion, which facilitate the H* formation and the C-Cl bond activation, respectively, resulting in the promoted activity. The optimal TiO2@PDA/Pd electrode exhibits a low dosage of Pd (0.093 mg cm-2) and excellent activity for 4-chlorophenol reduction with a mass activity (MA) of 23.96 min-1g-1, which is 3.31 times as high as that of TiO2/Pd. The design scheme with inorganic-organic core-shell skeleton as support is benefit for developing highly efficient and lower price elctrocatalysts for EHDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhefei Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Lingxia Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Tianyang Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Zhuoqing Lv
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China
| | - Huajun Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, PR China.
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39
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Chen X, Zhu C, Zhu F, Fang G, Zhou D. Mechanistic insight into sulfite-enhanced diethyl phthalate degradation by hydrogen atom under UV light. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Pavanello A, Miranda MA, Marin ML. Organic photoredox catalysts for wastewater remediation: Beyond the established advanced oxidation processes. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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41
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Fennell BD, Odorisio A, McKay G. Quantifying Hydrated Electron Transformation Kinetics in UV-Advanced Reduction Processes Using the Re-,UV Method. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:10329-10338. [PMID: 35791772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet advanced reduction processes (UV-ARP) have garnered significant attention recently for the degradation of several hard to treat contaminants, including recalcitrant per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). The rate of contaminant degradation in UV-ARP is directly related to the available hydrated electron concentration ([eaq-]). However, reports of [eaq-] and other parameters typically used to characterize photochemical systems are not widely reported in the UV-ARP literature. Deploying monochloroacetate as a probe compound, we developed a method (Re-,UV) to quantify the time-based hydrated electron concentration ([eaq]t) available for contaminant degradation relative to inputted UV fluence. Measured [eaq]t was then used to understand the impact of eaq- rate of formation and scavenging capacity on the degradation of two contaminants─nitrate and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)─in four source waters with varying background water quality. The results show that the long-term treatability of PFOS by UV-ARP is not significantly impacted by the initial eaq- scavenging conditions but rather is influenced by the presence of eaq- scavengers like dissolved organic carbon and bicarbonate. Lastly, using [eaq]t, degradation of nitrate and PFOS was modeled in the source waters. We demonstrate that the Re-,UV method provides an effective tool to assess UV-ARP treatment performance in a variety of source waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fennell
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Adam Odorisio
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States
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42
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He L, Yang S, Shen S, Ma Y, Chen Y, Xue J, Wang J, Zheng L, Wu L, Zhang Z, Yang L. Novel insights into the mechanism of periodate activation by heterogeneous ultrasonic-enhanced sludge biochar: Relevance for efficient degradation of levofloxacin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128860. [PMID: 35427969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel heterogeneous ultrasonic (US)-enhanced sludge biochar (SBC) activated periodate (PI) system was established and explored for the rapid removal of levofloxacin in the aqueous environment. This study focused on the mechanisms of US-enhanced SBC co-activation of PI for levofloxacin degradation. The results indicated that US and SBC exhibited a remarkable synergistic reinforcing activation effect on PI compared to single PI activation systems. The SBC/US/PI system achieved approximately 95% of levofloxacin removal, 51.5% of TOC removal, and 22% of dechlorination rate within 60 min with virtually no heavy metals released into the water matrix. In addition, the acute ecotoxicity of the solutions treated with the SBC/US/PI system was substantially reduced. The presence of IO3•, •OH, 1O2 and O2•- were identified in the SBC/US/PI system using quenching experiments and EPR technology while •OH and 1O2 were the predominant reactive species. Mechanistic studies have suggested that the cavitation effect of ultrasonic improved the dispersion and mass transfer efficiency of SBC and accelerated the desorption process of SBC. Possible pathways of levofloxacin degradation were proposed. This study provides a novel and promising strategy for the efficient removal of emerging contaminants such as antibiotics from the water matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyang He
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shangding Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shitai Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yongfei Ma
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yulin Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jianming Xue
- New Zealand Forest Research Institute (Scion), Forest System, POB 29237, Christchurch 8440, New Zealand; College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Li Zheng
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Li Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Zulin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China; The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen ABI5 8QH, UK
| | - Lie Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Chen Y, Ma H, Zhu J, Gu Y, Liu T. New insights into ferric iron-facilitated UV 254 photolytic defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA): Combined experimental and theoretical study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 434:128865. [PMID: 35405606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UV/Fe3+-facilitated PFOA defluorination was often reported and recognized to proceed through a "ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT)" mechanism in the literatures. Sufficient Fe3+ supply is important for sustaining the LMCT reaction pathway. In this study, an interesting "excessive defluorination" was observed, even the continuous Fe3+ supply was cut off, implying a parallel mechanism strengthening PFOA defluorination. Based the results of intermediate products detection, 19F NMR analysis, and exploration of electron density alternation, transition energy evolution, and bonds characteristics, remarkable electron density perturbation in [PFOA-Fe]2+ was revealed. This effect was triggered by the complexation between PFOA anion and Fe3+, diminishing electron shielding on the perfluorinated carbon chain. Hence, the dissociation energy of C-C bonds was reduced by maximally 53% (C4-C5). Once attacked by high-flux UV254 photons, the perfluorinated carbon chain underwent scission, and subsequent defluorination was achieved via hydrolysis reactions. This parallel mechanism cooperated with the LMCT mechanism, leading to the observed "excessive defluorination." The degree of UV/Fe3+-synergized PFOA defluorination depended on UV254 photon flux and Fe3+ dosage. High UV254 intensity guaranteed fast defluorination kinetics. A [Fe3+]/[PFOA] molar ratio near 1 showed the best UV/Fe3+ synergic effect on PFOA defluorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Chen
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Hang Ma
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Zhu
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yurong Gu
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Tongzhou Liu
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
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44
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Kong L, Zhao J, Hu X, Zhu F, Peng X. Reductive Removal and Recovery of As(V) and As(III) from Strongly Acidic Wastewater by a UV/Formic Acid Process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9732-9743. [PMID: 35724662 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of arsenic (As(V) and As(III)) from strongly acidic wastewater using traditional neutralization or sulfuration precipitation methods produces a large amount of arsenic-containing hazardous wastes, which poses a potential threat to the environment. In this study, an ultraviolet/formic acid (UV/HCOOH) process was proposed to reductively remove and recover arsenic from strongly acidic wastewater in the form of valuable elemental arsenic (As(0)) products to avoid the generation of hazardous wastes. We found that more than 99% of As(V) and As(III) in wastewater was reduced to highly pure solid As(0) (>99.5 wt %) by HCOOH under UV irradiation. As(V) can be efficiently reduced to As(IV) (H2AsO3 or H4AsO4) by hydrogen radicals (H•) generated from the photolysis of HCOOH through dehydroxylation or hydrogenation. Then, As(IV) is reduced to As(III) by H• or through its disproportionation. The reduction of As(V) to H4AsO4 by H• and the disproportionation of H4AsO4 are the main reaction processes. Subsequently, As(III) is reduced to As(0) not only by H• through stepwise dehydroxylation but also through the disproportionation of intermediate arsenic species As(II) and As(I). With additional density functional theory calculations, this study provides a theoretical foundation for the reductive removal of arsenic from acidic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xingyun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xianjia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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45
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Detection and Stability of Cyanogen Bromide and Cyanogen Iodide in Drinking Water. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study systematically summarized the factors affecting the stability of CNXs, providing a reference for better control and elimination of CNXs. A method for the detection of CNBr and CNI in solution was established using a liquid–liquid extraction/gas chromatography/electron capture detector. Specifically, the method was used to investigate the stability of CNBr and CNI in drinking water, especially in the presence of chlorine and sulfite, and it showed good reproducibility (relative standard deviation <3.05%), high sensitivity (method detection limit <100 ng/L), and good recovery (91.49–107.24%). Degradation kinetic studies of cyanogen halides were conducted, and their degradation rate constants were detected for their hydrolysis, chlorination, and sulfite reduction. For hydrolysis, upon increasing pH from 9.0 to 11.0, the rate constants of CNCl, CNBr, and CNI changed from 8 to 155 × 10−5 s−1, 1.1 to 34.2 × 10−5 s−1, and 1.5 to 6.2 × 10−5 s−1, respectively. In the presence of 1.0 mg/L chlorine, upon increasing pH from 7.0 to 10.0, the rate constants of CNCl, CNBr, and CNI changed from 36 to 105 × 10−5 s−1, 15.8 to 49.0 × 10−5 s−1, and 1.2 to 24.2 × 10−5 s−1, respectively. In the presence of 3 μmol/L sulfite, CNBr and CNI degraded in two phases. In the first phase, they degraded very quickly after the addition of sulfite, whereas, in the second phase, they degraded slowly with rate constants similar to those for hydrolysis. Owing to the electron-withdrawing ability of halogen atoms and the nucleophilic ability of reactive groups such as OH− and ClO−, the rate constants of cyanogen halides increased with increasing pH, and they decreased in the order of CNCl > CNBr > CNI during hydrolysis and chlorination. The hydrolysis and chlorination results could be used to assess the stability of cyanogen halides in water storage and distribution systems. The sulfite reduction results indicate that quenching residual oxidants with excess sulfite could underestimate the levels of cyanogen halides, especially for CNBr and CNI.
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Fennell B, Mezyk SP, McKay G. Critical Review of UV-Advanced Reduction Processes for the Treatment of Chemical Contaminants in Water. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:178-205. [PMID: 37102145 PMCID: PMC10114900 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
UV-advanced reduction processes (UV-ARP) are an advanced water treatment technology characterized by the reductive transformation of chemical contaminants. Contaminant abatement in UV-ARP is most often accomplished through reaction with hydrated electrons (eaq -) produced from UV photolysis of chemical sensitizers (e.g., sulfite). In this Review, we evaluate the photochemical kinetics, substrate scope, and optimization of UV-ARP. We find that quantities typically reported in photochemical studies of natural and engineered systems are under-reported in the UV-ARP literature, especially the formation rates, scavenging capacities, and concentrations of key reactive species like eaq -. The absence of these quantities has made it difficult to fully evaluate the impact of operating conditions and the role of water matrix components on the efficiencies of UV-ARP. The UV-ARP substrate scope is weighted heavily toward contaminant classes that are resistant to degradation by advanced oxidation processes, like oxyanions and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Some studies have sought to optimize the UV-ARP treatment of these contaminants; however, a thorough evaluation of the impact of water matrix components like dissolved organic matter on these optimization strategies is needed. Overall, the data compilation, analysis, and research recommendations provided in this Review will assist the UV-ARP research community in future efforts toward optimizing UV-ARP systems, modeling the eaq --based chemical transformation kinetics, and developing new UV-ARP systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin
D. Fennell
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Stephen P. Mezyk
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California
State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Garrett McKay
- Zachry
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- . Phone: 979-458-6540
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Cao H, Zhang W, Wang C, Liang Y, Sun H. Photodegradation of F-53B in aqueous solutions through an UV/Iodide system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133436. [PMID: 34968513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced reduction by strong reducing hydrated electrons is a promising approach to degrade per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of UV/Iodide system for 6:2 chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA, F-53B) degradation in aqueous solutions. Results from this work demonstrated that UV irradiation with an addition of 0.3 mM KI resulted in 55.99% degradation of F-53B within 15 min and almost 100% within 2 h. The defluorination efficiency of F-53B in the UV/Iodide system was 2.6 times higher than that in the sole UV system after 2 h of irradiation. The degradation efficiency of F-53B was not significantly affected by air purging. The defluorination efficiency with air bubbling, however, was 14.57% lower than that with nitrogen purging. The photodegradation of F-53B in the UV/Iodide system could be well described by a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. Degradation rate constant of F-53B correlated positively with the initial concentration. At 20 μg/L, the pseudo-first-order rate constant was 5.641 × 10-2 min-1 and the half-life was 12.29 min. Higher initial concentration also required less energy input to achieve the same degradation efficiency. The detection and identification of degradation intermediates implied that destruction of F-53B started from dechlorination and followed by continuously "flaking off" CF2 units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China; Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Weilan Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA
| | - Cuiping Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Yanna Liang
- Department of Environmental and Sustainable Engineering, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, 12222, USA.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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Selective and Efficient Reduction of Nitrate to Gaseous Nitrogen from Drinking Water Source by UV/Oxalic Acid/Ferric Iron Systems: Effectiveness and Mechanisms. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrate (NO3−) reduction in water has been receiving increasing attention in water treatment due to its carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting properties. This study employs a novel advanced reduction process, the UV/oxalic acid/ferric iron systems (UV/C2O42−/Fe3+ systems), in reducing NO3− due to its high reduction efficiency, excellent selectivity, and low treatment cost. The UV/C2O42−/Fe3+ process reduced NO3− with pseudo-first-order reaction rate constants of 0.0150 ± 0.0013 min−1, minimizing 91.4% of 60 mg/L NO3− and reaching 84.2% of selectivity for gaseous nitrogen after 180 min at pHini. 7.0 and 0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen (DO). Carbon dioxide radical anion (CO2•−) played a predominant role in reducing NO3−. Gaseous nitrogen and NH4+, as well as CO2, were the main nitrogen- and carbon-containing products, respectively, and reduction pathways were proposed accordingly. A suitable level of oxalic acids (3 mM) and NO3− (60 mg/L) was recommended; increasing initial iron concentrations and UV intensity increased NO3− reduction. Instead, increasing the solution pH decreased the reduction, and 0.5–8.0 mg/L DO negligibly affected the process. Moreover, UV/C2O42−/Fe3+ systems were not retarded by 0.1–10 mM SO42− or Cl− or 0.1–1.0 mM HCO3− but were prohibited by 10 mM HCO3− and 30 mg-C/L humic acids. There was a lower reduction of NO3− in simulated groundwater (72.8%) than deionized water after 180 min at pHini. 7.0 and 0.5 mg/L DO, which meets the drinking water standard (<10 mg/L N-NO3−). Therefore, UV/C2O42−/Fe3+ systems are promising approaches to selectively and efficiently reduce NO3− in drinking water.
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Liu Z, Chen Z, Gao J, Yu Y, Men Y, Gu C, Liu J. Accelerated Degradation of Perfluorosulfonates and Perfluorocarboxylates by UV/Sulfite + Iodide: Reaction Mechanisms and System Efficiencies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3699-3709. [PMID: 35226468 PMCID: PMC9481055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The addition of iodide (I-) in the UV/sulfite system (UV/S) significantly accelerated the reductive degradation of perfluorosulfonates (PFSAs, CnF2n+1SO3-) and perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, CnF2n+1COO-). Using the highly recalcitrant perfluorobutane sulfonate (C4F9SO3-) as a probe, we optimized the UV/sulfite + iodide system (UV/S + I) to degrade n = 1-7 PFCAs and n = 4, 6, 8 PFSAs. In general, the kinetics of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) decay, defluorination, and transformation product formations in UV/S + I were up to three times faster than those in UV/S. Both systems achieve a similar maximum defluorination. The enhanced reaction rates and optimized photoreactor settings lowered the EE/O for PFCA degradation below 1.5 kW h m-3. The relatively high quantum yield of eaq- from I- made the availability of hydrated electrons (eaq-) in UV/S + I and UV/I two times greater than that in UV/S. Meanwhile, the rapid scavenging of reactive iodine species by SO32- made the lifetime of eaq- in UV/S + I eight times longer than that in UV/I. The addition of I- also substantially enhanced SO32- utilization in treating concentrated PFAS. The optimized UV/S + I system achieved >99.7% removal of most PFSAs and PFCAs and >90% overall defluorination in a synthetic solution of concentrated PFAS mixtures and NaCl. We extended the discussion over molecular transformation mechanisms, development of PFAS degradation technologies, and the fate of iodine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Liu
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Zhanghao Chen
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of
the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyu Gao
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yaochun Yu
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yujie Men
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Department
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Cheng Gu
- State
Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of
the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinyong Liu
- Department
of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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50
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Fu L, Lide F, Ding Y, Wang C, Jiang J, Huang J. Mechanism insights into activation of hydroxylamines for generation of multiple reactive species in photochemical degradation of bromophenols. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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