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Jin W, Yang Y, Jin J, Xu M, Zhang Z, Dong F, Shao M, Wan Y. Characterization of phosphate modified red mud-based composite materials and study on heavy metal adsorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:43687-43703. [PMID: 38904876 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, Bayer red mud (RM) and lotus leaf powder (LL) were used as the main materials, and KH2PO4 was added to modify the material. Under the condition of high-temperature carbonization, RMLL was prepared and phosphate modified red mud matrix composite (PRMLL) was prepared based on KH2PO4 modification, which can effectively remove Pb2+ from water. The optimum preparation and application conditions were determined through orthogonal experiment: dosage 0.1g, ratio 1:1, and temperature 600 °C. The effects of pH, dosage, and initial concentration on the adsorption of Pb2+ were studied. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Elovich kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and chemisorption. Langmuir, Freundlich, Timkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isothermal adsorption models were used to fit the experimental data. It was found that RMLL and PRMLL were more consistent with Langmuir model. In addition, the maximum adsorption capacity of RMLL and PRMLL was 188.1 mg/g and 213.4 mg/g, respectively. It is larger than the adsorption capacity of their monomers. Therefore, the use of RMLL and PRMLL as the removal of Pb2+ from water is a potential application material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlou Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yanzhi Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Jiacheng Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Mingchen Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Fan Dong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Min Shao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China
| | - Yushan Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, China.
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2
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Duan T, Zhao J, Zhu L. Insights into CO 2 and N 2O emissions driven by applying biochar and nitrogen fertilizers in upland soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172439. [PMID: 38621540 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Biochar and soil carbon sequestration hold promise in mitigating global warming by storing carbon in the soil. However, the interaction between biochar properties, soil carbon-nitrogen cycling, and nitrogen fertilizer application's impact on soil carbon-nitrogen balance remained unclear. Herein, we conducted batch experiments to study the effects and mechanisms of rice straw biochar application (produced at 300, 500, and 700 °C) on net greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, N2O, CH4) in upland soils under different forms of nitrogen fertilizers. The findings revealed that (NH4)2SO4 and urea significantly elevated soil carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, ranging from 28 to 61.7 kg CO2e/ha and 8.2 to 37.7 kg CO2e/ha, respectively. Conversely, KNO3 reduced soil CO2e emissions, ranging from 2.2 to 13.6 kg CO2e/ha. However, none of these three nitrogen forms exhibited a significant effect on CH4 emissions. The pyrolysis temperature of biochar was found negatively correlated with soil CO2 and N2O emissions. The alkaline substances presented in biochar pyrolyzed at 500-700 °C raised soil pH, increased the ratio of Gram-negative to Gram-positive bacteria, and enhanced the relative abundance of Sphingomonadaceae. Moreover, the co-application of KNO3 based nitrogen fertilizer and biochar increased the total carbon/inorganic nitrogen ratio and reduces the relative abundance of Nitrospirae. This series of reactions led to a significant increase in soil DOC content, meanwhile reduced soil CO2 emissions, and inhibited the nitrification process and decreased the emission of soil N2O. This study provided a scientific basis for the rational application of biochar in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Duan
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiating Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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Yang X, Hou R, Fu Q, Li T, Li M, Cui S, Li Q, Liu M. A critical review of biochar as an environmental functional material in soil ecosystems for migration and transformation mechanisms and ecological risk assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 360:121196. [PMID: 38763117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
At present, biochar has a large application potential in soil amelioration, pollution remediation, carbon sequestration and emission reduction, and research on the effect of biochar on soil ecology and environment has made positive progress. However, under natural and anthropogenic perturbations, biochar may undergo a series of environmental behaviors such as migratory transformation, mineralization and decomposition, and synergistic transport, thus posing certain potential risks. This paper outlines the multi-interfacial migration pathway of biochar in "air-soil-plant-animal-water", and analyzes the migration process and mechanism at different interfaces during the preparation, transportation and application of biochar. The two stages of the biochar mineralization process (mineralization of easily degradable aliphatic carbon components in the early stage and mineralization of relatively stable aromatic carbon components in the later stage) were described, the self-influencing factors and external environmental factors of biochar mineralization were analyzed, and the mineral stabilization mechanism and positive/negative excitation effects of biochar into the soil were elucidated. The proximity between field natural and artificially simulated aging of biochar were analyzed, and the change of its properties showed a trend of biological aging > chemical aging > physical aging > natural aging, and in order to improve the simulation and prediction, the artificially simulated aging party needs to be changed from a qualitative method to a quantitative method. The technical advantages, application scope and potential drawbacks of different biochar modification methods were compared, and biological modification can create new materials with enhanced environmental application. The stability performance of modified biochar was compared, indicating that raw materials, pyrolysis temperature and modification method were the key factors affecting the stability of biochar. The potential risks to the soil environment from different pollutants carried by biochar were summarized, the levels of pollutants released from biochar in the soil environment were highlighted, and a comprehensive selection of ecological risk assessment methods was suggested in terms of evaluation requirements, data acquisition and operation difficulty. Dynamic tracing of migration decomposition behavior, long-term assessment of pollution remediation effects, and directional design of modified composite biochar materials were proposed as scientific issues worthy of focused attention. The results can provide a certain reference basis for the theoretical research and technological development of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Yang
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Tianxiao Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Mo Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Song Cui
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Qinglin Li
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Mingxuan Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources of Ministry of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Water Conservancy Engineering in Cold Region, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
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Li R, Zhang C, Hui J, Shen T, Zhang Y. The application of P-modified biochar in wastewater remediation: A state-of-the-art review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170198. [PMID: 38278277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus modified biochar (P-BC) is an effective adsorbent for wastewater remediation, which has attracted widespread attention due to its low cost, vast source, unique surface structure, and abundant functional groups. However, there is currently no comprehensive analysis and review of P-BC in wastewater remediation. In this study, a detailed introduction is given to the synthesis method of P-BC, as well as the effects of pyrolysis temperature and residence time on physical and chemical properties and adsorption performance of the material. Meanwhile, a comprehensive investigation and evaluation were conducted on the different biomass types and phosphorus sources used to synthesize P-BC. This article also systematically compared the adsorption efficiency differences between P-BC and raw biochar, and summarized the adsorption mechanism of P-BC in removing pollutants from wastewater. In addition, the effects of P-BC composite with other materials (element co-doping, polysaccharide stabilizers, microbial loading, etc.) on physical and chemical properties and pollutant adsorption capacity of the materials were investigated. Some emerging applications of P-BC were also introduced, including supercapacitors, CO2 adsorbents, carbon sequestration, soil heavy metal remediation, and soil fertility improvement. Finally, some valuable suggestions and prospects were proposed for the future research direction of P-BC to achieve the goal of multiple utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Congyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jing Hui
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tieheng Shen
- Heilongjiang Agricultural Technology Promotion Station, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Chen Y, Yang W, Zou Y, Wu Y, Mao W, Zhang J, Zia-Ur-Rehman M, Wang B, Wu P. Quantification of the effect of biochar application on heavy metals in paddy systems: Impact, mechanisms and future prospects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168874. [PMID: 38029988 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) has shown great potential in remediating heavy metal(loid)s (HMs) contamination in paddy fields. Variation in feedstock sources, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates of BC can result in great changes in its effects on HM bioavailability and bioaccumulation in soil-rice systems and remediation mechanisms. Meanwhile, there is a lack of application guidelines for BC with specific properties and application rates when targeting rice fields contaminated with certain HMs. To elucidate this topic, this review focuses on i) the effects of feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and modification method on the properties of BC; ii) the changes in bioavailability and bioaccumulation of HMs in soil-rice systems applying BC with different feedstocks, pyrolysis temperatures, modification methods, and application rates; and iii) exploration of potential remediation mechanisms for applying BC to reduce the mobility and bioaccumulation of HMs in rice field systems. In general, the application of Fe/Mn modified organic waste (OW) derived BC for mid-temperature pyrolysis is still a well-optimized choice for the remediation of HM contamination in rice fields. From the viewpoint of remediation efficiency, the application rate of BC should be appropriately increased to immobilize Cd, Pb, and Cu in rice paddies, while the application rate of BC for immobilizing As should be <2.0 % (w/w). The mechanism of remediation of HM-contaminated rice fields by applying BC is mainly the direct adsorption of HMs by BC in soil pore water and the mediation of soil microenvironmental changes. In addition, the application of Fe/Mn modified BC induced the formation of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface of rice, which reduced the uptake of HM by the plant. Finally, this paper describes the prospects and challenges for the extension of various BCs for the remediation of HM contamination in paddy fields and makes some suggestions for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yuzheng Zou
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjian Mao
- Guizhou Environment and Engineering Appraisal Center, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Muhammad Zia-Ur-Rehman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Ge M, Wang B, Chen B, Xie H, Sun H, Sun K, Feng Y. Hydrochar and Its Dissolved Organic Matter Aged in a 30-Month Rice-Wheat Rotation System: Do Primary Aging Factors Alter at Different Stages? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3019-3030. [PMID: 38308619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrochar, recognized as a green and sustainable soil amendment, has garnered significant attention. However, information on the aging process in soil and the temporal variability of hydrochar remains limited. This study delves deeper into the interaction between hydrochar and soil, focusing on primary factors influencing hydrochar aging during a 30-month rice-wheat rotation system. The results showed that the initial aging of hydrochar (0-16 months) is accompanied by the development of specific surface area and leaching of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM), resulting in a smaller particle size and reduced carbon content. The initial aging also features a mineral shield, while the later aging (16 to 30 months) involves surface oxidation. These processes collectively alter the surface charge, hydrophilicity, and composition of aged hydrochar. Furthermore, this study reveals a dynamic interaction between the HDOM and DOM derived from soil, plants, and microbes at different aging stages. Initially, there is a preference for decomposing labile carbon, whereas later stages involve the formation of components with higher aromaticity and molecular weight. These insights are crucial for understanding the soil aging effects on hydrochar and HDOM as well as evaluating the interfacial behavior of hydrochar as a sustainable soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Ge
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bingyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Bingfa Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huifang Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haijun Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ke Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanfang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Viotti P, Marzeddu S, Antonucci A, Décima MA, Lovascio P, Tatti F, Boni MR. Biochar as Alternative Material for Heavy Metal Adsorption from Groundwaters: Lab-Scale (Column) Experiment Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:809. [PMID: 38399060 PMCID: PMC10890072 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to present a review of laboratory experiments (including methodology and results) that use biochar, a specific carbon obtained by a pyrolysis process from different feedstocks, as an alternative material for heavy metal adsorption from groundwater. In recent years, many studies have been conducted regarding the application of innovative materials to water decontamination to develop a more sustainable approach to remediation processes. The use of biochar for groundwater remediation has particularly attracted the interest of researchers because it permits the reuse of materials that would be otherwise disposed of, in accordance with circular economy, and reduces the generation of greenhouse gases if compared to the use of virgin materials. A review of the different approaches and results reported in the current literature could be useful because when applying remediation technologies at the field scale, a preliminary phase in which the suitability of the adsorbent is evaluated at the lab scale is often necessary. This paper is therefore organised with a short description of the involved metals and of the biochar production and composition. A comprehensive analysis of the current knowledge related to the use of biochar in groundwater remediation at the laboratory scale to obtain the characteristic parameters of the process that are necessary for the upscaling of the technology at the field scale is also presented. An overview of the results achieved using different experimental conditions, such as the chemical properties and dosage of biochar as well as heavy metal concentrations with their different values of pH, is reported. At the end, numerical studies useful for the interpretation of the experiment results are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Viotti
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Marzeddu
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Antonucci
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - María Alejandra Décima
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Lovascio
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Tatti
- National Centre of Waste and Circular Economy, Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), Via Vitaliano Brancati 48, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Boni
- Department of Civil, Building and Environmental Engineering (DICEA), Faculty of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy
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Al-Swadi HA, Al-Farraj AS, Al-Wabel MI, Ahmad M, Usman ARA, Ahmad J, Mousa MA, Rafique MI. Impacts of kaolinite enrichment on biochar and hydrochar characterization, stability, toxicity, and maize germination and growth. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1259. [PMID: 38218904 PMCID: PMC10787757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51786-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, biochar (BC) and hydrochar (HC) composites were synthesized with natural kaolinite clay and their properties, stability, carbon (C) sequestration potential, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) toxicity, and impacts on maize germination and growth were explored. Conocarpus waste was pretreated with 0%, 10%, and 20% kaolinite and pyrolyzed to produce BCs (BC, BCK10, and BCK20, respectively), while hydrothermalized to produce HCs (HC, HCK10, and HCK20, respectively). The synthesized materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope analyses, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, surface area, proximate analyses, and chemical analysis to investigate the distinction in physiochemical and structural characteristics. The BCs showed higher C contents (85.73-92.50%) as compared to HCs (58.81-61.11%). The BCs demonstrated a higher thermal stability, aromaticity, and C sequestration potential than HCs. Kaolinite enriched-BCs showed the highest cation exchange capacity than pristine BC (34.97% higher in BCK10 and 38.04% higher in BCK20 than pristine BC), while surface area was the highest in kaolinite composited HCs (202.8% higher in HCK10 and 190.2% higher in HCK20 than pristine HC). The recalcitrance index (R50) speculated a higher recalcitrance for BC, BCK10, and BCK20 (R50 > 0.7), minimal degradability for HCK10 and HCK20 (0.5 < R50 < 0.7), and higher degradability for biomass and HC (R50 < 0.5). Overall, increasing the kaolinite enrichment percentage significantly enhanced the thermal stability and C sequestration potential of charred materials, which may be attributed to changes in the structural arrangements. The ∑ total PAHs concentration in the synthesized materials were below the USEPA's suggested limits, indicating their safe use as soil amendments. Germination indices reflected positive impacts of synthesized charred materials on maize germination and growth. Therefore, we propose that kaolinite-composited BCs and HCs could be considered as efficient and cost-effective soil amendments for improving plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed A Al-Swadi
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah S Al-Farraj
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad I Al-Wabel
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Munir Ahmad
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel R A Usman
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jahangir Ahmad
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Awad Mousa
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran Rafique
- Soil Sciences Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Wang K, Wang X, Zhao Q, Jiang J, Jiang M. Effect of different production methods on physicochemical properties and adsorption capacities of biochar from sewage sludge and kitchen waste: Mechanism and correlation analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 461:132690. [PMID: 37801977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Different pyrolysis methods, parameters and feedstocks result in biochars with different properties, structures and removal capacities for heavy metals. However, the role of each property on adsorption capacity and corresponding causal relationships remain unclear. Here, we investigated various physicochemical properties of biochar produced via three different methods and two different feedstocks to clarify influences of biomass sources and pyrolysis processes on biochar properties and its heavy metal adsorption performance. Experimental results showed biochars were more aromatic and contained more functional groups after hydrothermal carbonization, while they had developed pores and higher surface areas produced by anaerobic pyrolysis. The inclusion of oxygen resulted in more complete carbonization and higher CEC biochar. Different biochar properties resulted in different adsorption capacities. Biochar produced by aerobic calcination showed higher adsorption efficiency for Cu and Pb. Correlation analysis proved that pH, cation exchange capacity and degree of carbonization positively affected adsorption, while organic matter content and aromaticity were unfavorable for adsorption. Microstructure and components determined biochar macroscopic properties and ultimate adsorption efficiency for metal ions. This study identifies the degree of correlation and pathways of each property on adsorption, which provides guidance for targeted modification of biochar to enhance its performance in heavy metal removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xuchan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Junqiu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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10
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Luo X, Du H, Du J, Zhang X, Xiao W, Qin L. The influence of biomass type on hydrothermal carbonization: Role of calcium oxalate in enhancing carbon sequestration of hydrochar. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119586. [PMID: 37984272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Addressing climate change through effective carbon sequestration strategies is critical. This study presents an investigation into the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of invasive plants (IPs) to produce hydrochars to unveil the significant impact of biomass type and unique mineral on the stability of hydrochars. Nine hydrochars were produced from six IPs, utilizing both single and mixed biomass. A key finding is the observable that calcium oxalate forms as a surface mineral during HTC through different characterization techniques, the presence of which notably influenced the stability of hydrochars, resulting in enhanced thermal (highest R50 = 0.81) and chemical (lowest carbon loss rate = 4.02%) stability of hydrochars, possibly acting as a protective layer. Besides, a positive correlation was established between the yield of hydrochars and the lignin content of the original biomass. It is also observed that Co-HTC of plant materials rich in Ca2+ can enhance the formation of calcium oxalate minerals. This is likely due to their synergistic role in the HTC process, promoting the release of more C2O42- and Ca2+. Our results signify the crucial role of biomass composition in the HTC process and spotlight the potential of calcium oxalate in augmenting hydrochar stability. This study offers valuable insights that bolster the theoretical framework for employing hydrochar derived from IPs as a potent material for carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Haiying Du
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Jie Du
- Jiuzhaigou Administration, Aba, 623400, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coordinated Control and Joint Remediation of Water and Soil Pollution for National Environmental Protection, College of Ecological Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Key Laboratory of Geological Disaster Prevention and Geological Environment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, 610059, China.
| | | | - Liang Qin
- Sichuan Huadi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610036, China
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11
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Luo L, Wang J, Lv J, Liu Z, Sun T, Yang Y, Zhu YG. Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:11357-11372. [PMID: 37493521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a carbon (C)-rich material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited environments, has been proposed as one of the most promising materials for C sequestration and climate mitigation in soil. The C sequestration contribution of biochar hinges not only on its fused aromatic structure but also on its abiotic and biotic reactions with soil components across its entire life cycle in the environment. For instance, minerals and microorganisms can deeply participate in the mineralization or complexation of the labile (soluble and easily decomposable) and even recalcitrant fractions of biochar, thereby profoundly affecting C cycling and sequestration in soil. Here we identify five key issues closely related to the application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and review its outstanding advances. Specifically, the terms use of biochar, pyrochar, and hydrochar, the stability of biochar in soil, the effect of biochar on the flux and speciation changes of C in soil, the emission of nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by biochar production and soil application, and the application barriers of biochar in soil are expounded. By elaborating on these critical issues, we discuss the challenges and knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding and application of biochar for C sequestration in soil and provide outlooks for future research directions. We suggest that combining the mechanistic understanding of biochar-to-soil interactions and long-term field studies, while considering the influence of multiple factors and processes, is essential to bridge these knowledge gaps. Further, the standards for biochar production and soil application should be widely implemented, and the threshold values of biochar application in soil should be urgently developed. Also needed are comprehensive and prospective life cycle assessments that are not restricted to soil C sequestration and account for the contributions of contamination remediation, soil quality improvement, and vegetation C sequestration to accurately reflect the total benefits of biochar on C sequestration in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiao Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jitao Lv
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengang Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianran Sun
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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12
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Yue Y, Xu L, Li G, Gao X, Ma H. Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter Released from Aged Biochar: A Comparative Study of Two Feedstocks and Multiple Aging Approaches. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114558. [PMID: 37299032 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays important roles in environmental ecosystems. While many studies have explored the characteristics of aged biochar, limited information is available about the properties of DOM derived from aged biochar. In this study, biochar obtained from maize stalk and soybean straw were aged using farmland or vegetable-soil solution, as well as soil solution containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Chemical composition of the extracted DOM from the aged biochar was analyzed via excitation-emission matrix coupled with fluorescence regional integration (FRI) and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Obtained results showed that biochar aged with H2O2-enriched soil solution had higher water-soluble organic carbon, ranging from 147.26-734.13% higher than the controls. FRI analysis revealed fulvic and humic-like organics as the key components, with a considerable increase of 57.48-235.96% in the humic-like component, especially in soybean-straw-aged biochar. PARAFAC identified four humic-like substance components. Concurrently, the aromaticity and humification of the aged-biochar-derived DOM increased, while the molecular weight decreased. These findings suggest that DOM derived from aged biochar, with a high content of humic-like organics, might impact the mobility and toxicity of pollutants in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yue
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Leqi Xu
- Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guitong Li
- Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264670, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Engineering & Technology Center of Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Hongfang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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13
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Jiang F, Li F, Zimmerman AR, Yu Z, Ji L, Wei C, Zhang X, Gao B. Remarkable synergy between sawdust biochar and attapulgite/diatomite after co-ball milling to adsorb methylene blue. RSC Adv 2023; 13:14384-14392. [PMID: 37180009 PMCID: PMC10173820 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01123b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar has been recognized as a promising sustainable adsorbent for removing pollutants from wastewater. In this study, two natural minerals, attapulgite (ATP) and diatomite (DE) were co-ball milled with sawdust biochar (pyrolyzed at 600 °C for 2 h) at ratios of 10-40% (w/w) and examined the ability of methylene blue (MB) to be removed from aqueous solutions by them. All the mineral-biochar composites sorbed more MB than both ball milled biochar (MBC) and ball milled mineral alone, indicating there was a positive synergy in co-ball milling biochar with these minerals. The 10% (w/w) composites of ATP:BC (MABC10%) and DE:BC (MDBC10%) had the greatest MB maximum adsorption capacities (modeled by Langmuir isotherm modeling) and were 2.7 and 2.3 times that of MBC, respectively. The adsorption capacities of MABC10% and MDBA10% were 183.0 mg g-1 and 155.0 mg g-1 at adsorption equilibrium, respectively. These improvements can be owing to the greater content of oxygen-containing functional groups and higher cation exchange capacity of the MABC10% and MDBC10% composites. In addition, the characterization results also reveal that pore filling, π-π stacking interactions, hydrogen bonding of hydrophilic functional groups, and electrostatic adsorption of oxygen-containing functional groups also contribute prominently to the adsorption of MB. This, along with the greater MB adsorption at higher pH and ionic strengths, suggests the roles in MB adsorption was an electrostatic interaction and an ion exchange mechanism. These results demonstrate that mineral-biochar composites prepared by co-ball milling treatment were promising sorbents of ionic contaminants for environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Feiyue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida Gainesville 32611 FL USA
| | - Zhongpu Yu
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Licheng Ji
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Chengcheng Wei
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University Fengyang 233100 China
| | - Xueyang Zhang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Xuzhou University of Technology Xuzhou 221018 PR China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida Gainesville 32611 FL USA
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14
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Bai T, Ma W, Li W, Jiang J, Chen J, Cao R, Yang W, Dong D, Liu T, Xu Y. Effect of Different Phosphates on Pyrolysis Temperature-Dependent Carbon Sequestration and Phosphorus Release Performance in Biochar. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093950. [PMID: 37175360 PMCID: PMC10180186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon sequestration is the primary function of biochar. Hence, it is necessary to design biochar with high carbon (C) retention and low C loss. In this study, three P compounds, including KH2PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2, and NH4H2PO4, were premixed with corn stalk (1:4, w/w), aiming to produce biochars (CSB+K, CSB+Ca, and CSB+N) with high C sequestration and slow release of P at three temperatures (300, 500, and 700 °C). The addition of all P sources obviously increased C retention, with the order of NH4H2PO4 (65.6-83.5%) > Ca(H2PO4)2 (60.4-78.2%) > KH2PO4 (50.1-76.1%), compared with the pristine biochar (47.8-73.6%). The addition of Ca(H2PO4)2 and KH2PO4 led to an increase in aromaticity and graphitization, as evidenced by H/C, FTIR, Raman and XPS analysis, whereas an opposite result occurred on CSB+N. Furthermore, all three phosphates reduced C loss of biochars with H2O2 oxidation, and CSB+Ca showed the best effect. Ca(H2PO4)2 and KH2PO4 pretreated biochars had higher resistance to K2Cr2O7 oxidation and thermal treatment. In contrast, the C loss of NH4H2PO4-added biochar at 500 and 700 °C with K2Cr2O7 oxidation was increased by 54% and 36%, respectively. During the pyrolysis process, Ca(H2PO4)2 was transformed into insoluble Ca2P2O7, leading to the lowest P release rate of CSB+Ca. This study indicates that co-pyrolysis of corn stalk and Ca(H2PO4)2 is optimal for increasing C retention, enhancing C stability and improving slow-release performance of P regardless of pyrolysis temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxia Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Wenge Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Wenhui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Dan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Tingwu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an 223300, China
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15
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Zhao XY, Zhang ZY, Huang YM, Feng FJ. Enhancing the effect of biochar ageing on reducing cadmium accumulation in Medicago sativa L. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160690. [PMID: 36481133 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) application to farmland soil can reduce the mobility and bioavailability of Cd. Nevertheless, BC is prone to natural ageing in soil, which alters its structure, physicochemical properties, thereby affecting the immobilisation of Cd. We used dry-wet and freeze-thaw cycles to mimic the natural ageing of BC, and used adsorption experiments to explore the changes of Cd adsorption capacity of BC and aged BC (ABC). We conducted a pot experiment to investigate the effects of BC and ABC on soil biotic and abiotic factors, alfalfa growth, and Cd accumulation in agricultural soils with high and low Cd concentrations. The increase of specific surface area, pore size, oxygen containing functional groups and mineral composition leads to better adsorption capacity of ABC. The adsorption of Cd(II) by BC and ABC is mainly by monolayer adsorption and chemical adsorption. Applying BC and ABC to Cd-contaminated soil significantly increased the aboveground biomass and decreased the Cd accumulation by reducing the Cd bioconcentration factor in alfalfa. At high Cd levels, adding BC and ABC reduced the Cd content in alfalfa shoots by 32.8 % and 35.1 %, respectively; the fixing effect of ABC was better than that of BC. Adding BC and ABC significantly increased the microbial biomass and geometric mean of enzymes. BC addition increased soil pH by 0.32-0.36 units and cation exchange capacity (CEC) by 15.5 %. Adding BC and ABC significantly increased soil organic matter (SOM) by 5.7 % and 6.2 %, respectively. Random forest analysis showed that SOM, total organic carbon, and fluorescein diacetate hydrolase were important variables for Cd content in alfalfa shoots. Structural equation modelling showed that BC indirectly affected the Cd content in alfalfa shoots by affecting soil pH, CEC, SOM, microbial biomass, and microbial metabolic activity. BC has a long-term effect on alleviating Cd pollution in farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhuo-Yun Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Meng Huang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Fu-Juan Feng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China.
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16
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Yang F, Lv J, Zhou Y, Wu S, Sima J. Co-pyrolysis of biomass and phosphate tailing to produce potential phosphorus-rich biochar: efficient removal of heavy metals and the underlying mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:17804-17816. [PMID: 36203042 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Application of biochar to treat heavy metal polluted wastewater has received increasing attention; however, the immobilization ability of pristine biochar for metal ions is still limited. In this study, phosphate tailing was co-pyrolyzed with sawdust and peanut shell to acquire phosphorus-rich biochars with high removal rates for Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu. Meanwhile, the improvement mechanisms by phosphate tailing were clarified by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, BET-N2, and model fitting. Results showed that after phosphate tailing impregnation, surface area of sawdust, and peanut shell biochars increased from to 11.6 m2 g-1, and from 43.5 to 53.4 m2 g-1, respectively. Functional groups of -COOH and CO32- on biochar increased and the P2O74- newly generated. Besides, large amounts of Ca(PO3)2 and Ca2P2O7 crystals were detected in biochar ash. As for sawdust biochar, loading of phosphate tailing raised the sorption rates of Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu by 0.35, 0.61, 1.10, and 2.64 times, respectively, as for peanut shell biochar, it was raised by 0.12, 0.47, 0.11, and 1.98 times, respectively. The sorption isotherms by phosphate tailing-loaded biochars were better fitted to Langmuir (R2 = 0.85-1.00) than Freundlich model (R2 = 0.58-0.91). Heavy metals could bind with -OH and -COOH on phosphate tailing-loaded biochars, meanwhile generated phosphorus-rich precipitation with PO3- and P2O74+, including Cd2P2O7, Cd(PO3)2, Zn (PO3)2, Pb (PO3)2, Pb2P2O7, Cu(PO3)2, and Cu2P2O7. This study proposed an innovative method to produce phosphorus-rich biochars by loading phosphate tailing for highly efficient removal of heavy metals from water bodies, and also realized the resource utilization of phosphate tailing, which was of great significance to reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Junfan Lv
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jingke Sima
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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17
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Ji C, Yang S, Cheng Y, Liu L, Wang D, Zhu S, E T, Li Y. In situ formed CaSO 4 on waste dander biochar to inhibit the mineralization of soil organic carbon. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 854:158776. [PMID: 36116653 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce CO2 emissions, as well as realize the resource utilization of waste dander (WD) and the goal of international "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality", Biochar was prepared with WD via pyrolysis technology, achieving CaSO4 in situ generated on its surface, which could be used to inhibit soil organic carbon (SOC) from mineralizing and enhance soil carbon sequestration ability. The characterization results showed that the unstable carbon (C) structures as well as more conjugated structures were generated on Ca-BC, obtaining an increased C sequestration of Ca-BC to 21.70 %. With the application of Ca-BC, the mineralization rate of SOC was reduced to 0.451 mg CO2/(g·d), and the soil moisture content, pH and TOC content were increased to 45.48 %, 7.96 and 47.19 %. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis and redundancy analysis revealed that the application of Ca-BC promoted bacteria to convert into the stable C-dominant phyla (Firmicutes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ji
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Shuyi Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Daohan Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Shujing Zhu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao E
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for Surface Functionalization of Titanium Dioxide Powder, Institute of Ocean Research, Institute Environmental Research, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Chemistry & Chemical Engineering College of Yantai University, Yantai 264005, Shandong, China.
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18
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Rashid MS, Liu G, Yousaf B, Hamid Y, Rehman A, Arif M, Ahmed R, Ashraf A, Song Y. A critical review on biochar-assisted free radicals mediated redox reactions influencing transformation of potentially toxic metals: Occurrence, formation, and environmental applications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 315:120335. [PMID: 36202269 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic metals have become a viable threat to the ecosystem due to their carcinogenic nature. Biochar has gained substantial interest due to its redox-mediated processes and redox-active metals. Biochar has the capacity to directly adsorb the pollutants from contaminated environments through several mechanisms such as coprecipitation, complexation, ion exchange, and electrostatic interaction. Biochar's electron-mediating potential may be influenced by the cyclic transition of surface moieties and conjugated carbon structures. Thus, pyrolysis configuration, biomass material, retention time, oxygen flow, and heating time also affect biochar's redox properties. Generally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) exist as free radicals (FRs) in radical and non-radical forms, i.e., hydroxyl radical, superoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and singlet oxygen. Heavy metals are involved in the production of FRs during redox-mediated reactions, which may contribute to ROS formation. This review aims to critically evaluate the redox-mediated characteristics of biochar produced from various biomass feedstocks under different pyrolysis conditions. In addition, we assessed the impact of biochar-assisted FRs redox-mediated processes on heavy metal immobilization and mobility. We also revealed new insights into the function of FRs in biochar and its potential uses for environment-friendly remediation and reducing the dependency on fossil-based materials, utilizing local residual biomass as a raw material in terms of sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saqib Rashid
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Guijian Liu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China.
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710075, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Rafay Ahmed
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Aniqa Ashraf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China
| | - Yu Song
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, PR China; School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, Sichuan, PR China
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19
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Ge Q, Tian Q, Wang S, Zhang J, Hou R. Highly Efficient Removal of Lead/Cadmium by Phosphoric Acid-Modified Hydrochar Prepared from Fresh Banana Peels: Adsorption Mechanisms and Environmental Application. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:15394-15403. [PMID: 36442158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a phosphoric acid (H3PO4)-modified hydrochar (BPH200) was prepared at a low temperature (200 °C) in an air atmosphere with fresh banana peels as the raw material. The Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption behaviors and mechanisms of BPH200 were explored. As the temperature rose, co-hydrothermal carbonization of the banana peels and H3PO4 enhanced the transformation of phosphorus (P) species. More orthophosphate and metaphosphate were found in BPH200 than in banana peel hydrochar (BP) without modification. The adsorption kinetics for Cd2+ and Pb2+ followed the pseudo-second-order model. The Redlich-Peterson model best fit the experimental results of the adsorption isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 84.25 and 237.90 mg·g-1 for Cd2+ and Pb2+, respectively. H3PO4 promoted Cd2+ and Pb2+ adsorption by forming precipitates, which, respectively, accounted for 32.75 and 41.12% of the total adsorption onto BPH200. In addition, the cation-exchange capacities of BPH200 with Cd2+ and Pb2+ were weakened compared with those of BP. However, complexation with these two ions strengthened, accounting for 26.68 and 32.81%, respectively, of the total adsorption capacity. This indicated that the adsorption of Cd2+ and Pb2+ onto BPH200 was dominated by precipitation with minerals and complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups. The removal rates of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by BPH200 from different water bodies were more than 99.95 and 99.97%, respectively. The addition of BPH200 also decreased the amounts of bioavailable Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the soil, resulting in relatively high immobilization rates of Cd2+ (67.13%) and Pb2+ (70.07%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Ge
- Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan030032, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, China
- College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan030024, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan University, Taiyuan030032, China
| | - Rui Hou
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou510301, China
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20
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Lin M, Li F, Wang W, Rong X. Interfacial chemical behaviors and petroleum hydrocarbon removal performances of the biochar-mineral composites prepared by one-step pyrolysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Bao Z, Shi C, Tu W, Li L, Li Q. Recent developments in modification of biochar and its application in soil pollution control and ecoregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120184. [PMID: 36113644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution has become a real threat to mankind in the 21st century. On the one hand, soil pollution has reduced the world's arable land area, resulting in the contradiction between the world's population expansion and the shortage of arable land. On the other hand, soil pollution has seriously disrupted the soil ecological balance and significantly affected the biodiversity in the soil. Soil pollutants may further affect the survival, reproduction and health of humans and other organisms through the food chain. Several studies have suggested that biochar has the potential to act as a soil conditioner and to promote crop growth, and is widely used to remove environmental pollutants. Biochar modified by physical, chemical, and biological methods will affect the treatment efficiency of soil pollution, soil quality, soil ecology and interaction with organisms, especially with microorganisms. Therefore, in this review, we summarized several main biochar modification methods and the mechanisms of the modification and introduced the effects of the application of modified biochar to soil pollutant control, soil ecological regulation and soil nutrient regulation. We also introduced some case studies for the development of modified biochars suitable for different soil conditions, which plays a guiding role in the future development and application of modified biochar. In general, this review provides a reference for the green treatment of different soil pollutants by modified biochar and provides data support for the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wenying Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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22
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Wang F, Zhang R, Donne SW, Beyad Y, Liu X, Duan X, Yang T, Su P, Sun H. Co-pyrolysis of wood chips and bentonite/kaolin: Influence of temperatures and minerals on characteristics and carbon sequestration potential of biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156081. [PMID: 35598667 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochars have been highlighted as a means of carbon sequestration, which is significant for achieving carbon neutrality. Mixtures of wood chips and either bentonite or kaolin were co-pyrolysed at temperatures of 350 °C and 550 °C, and the microstructural characteristics and the carbon sequestration potential of the resultant biochar were explored in the study. The addition of minerals promoted the formation of a stable carbon structure in biochar, especially the proportion of SiC bonds in the high-temperature mineral-composited biochar increased by 3.56-3.82 times compared with the original biochar. After bentonite or kaolin was added to wood chips pyrolysed at 550 °C, the carbon loss after H2O2 oxidation was reduced to no more than 19.2%, and the Recalcitrance Index (R50) of biochar increased to no less than 0.89. The combined action of high temperature and minerals promoted the formation of highly aromatic structures of biochar (H:C < 0.4) and reduced the amount of dissolved organic carbon to 4.89 mg g-1. Furthermore, minerals directly covered the surface of biochar, and the content of SiC bond increased, thus strengthening the chemical and thermal stability of biochar. However, the addition of minerals had no significant effect on the biological stability of biochar. The study indicates that the pre-pyrolysis mineral addition is an effective way to increase the carbon sequestration potential of biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Ruilin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Scott W Donne
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Yaser Beyad
- Discipline of Chemistry, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Xiangyue Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaoyu Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tongsa Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Peiyuan Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Pollution Control, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Liu L, Li X, Wang X, Wang Y, Shao Z, Liu X, Shan D, Liu Z, Dai Y. Metolachlor adsorption using walnut shell biochar modified by soil minerals. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119610. [PMID: 35700880 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The removal of pesticide residues in soil is a research hotspot. The metolachlor (MET) adsorption by walnut shell biochar (BC) modified with montmorillonite (MBC), illite (IBC), and kaolinite (KBC), as well as the original BC (OBC) was investigated. The characteristics of samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy and mapping analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and chemical stability analysis. The effects of the dosage, ionic strength, and pH, and determined the adsorption kinetics and isotherms for MET with the BCs were analyzed. In addition, response surface methodology regression model analysis was conducted and the adsorption mechanisms were investigated. The results showed that the thermal stability and chemical stability of MBC, IBC, and KBC were higher than those of OBC, and MBC had the greatest stability. The MET adsorption rates of OBC, MBC, IBC, and KBC were 62.15%, 92.47%, 87.97%, and 83.31%, respectively. The kinetic fitting results and adsorption mechanisms showed that the modification of BC with minerals enhanced the physical adsorption of MET. The maximum MET adsorption capacities by OBC, MBC, IBC, and KBC were 39.68 mg g-1, 68.49 mg g-1, 65.79 mg g-1, and 65.36 mg g-1, respectively. Hydrogen bonds, π-π bonds, coordination bonds, and hydrophobic interactions were the key adsorption mechanisms. Therefore, the mineral-modified BCs were characterized by high adsorption rates and stability. This approach can make BC more efficient, with higher performance as a low cost soil amendment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Renewable Resource Utilization Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China; School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No.73, Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaorou Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ziyi Shao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dexin Shan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, No.319 Honghe Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402168, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yingjie Dai
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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24
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Ahmadi A, Gholizadeh M, Fallahi-Samberan M, Amirkhani L. Pyrolysis of municipal waste: Effect of waste type and co-pyrolysis on the formation of products and coke over zeolite catalyst. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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25
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Haddad K, Hantous A, Chagtmi R, Khedhira H, Chaden C, Ben Hassen Trabelsi A. Industrial dye removal from tannery wastewater by using biochar produced from tannery fleshing waste: a road to circular economy. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Luo Y, Li Z, Xu H, Xu X, Qiu H, Cao X, Zhao L. Development of phosphorus composite biochar for simultaneous enhanced carbon sink and heavy metal immobilization in soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154845. [PMID: 35358526 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a porous and carbon material, biochar is focused on respectively in sequestrating carbon and stabilizing metals in soil, while few studies attempted to design biochar for simultaneously achieving these two targets. This study proposed to produce phosphorus-composite biochar for synchronously enhancing carbon sequestration and heavy metals immobilization. Two phosphorus materials from tailings, Ca(H2PO4)2 and Ca5(PO4)3(OH), were selected as modifier to load into biomass prior to pyrolysis. Results showed that incorporating P not only increased pyrolytic C retention in biochar by 36.1-50.1%, but also obtained biochar with higher stability by chemically formation of COP, C-PO3 and C2-PO2. After 90-day incubation with soil, more C was sequestrated in the P-biochar amended soil (59.6-67.0%) than those pristine biochar (43.2-46.6%). Highly soluble Ca(H2PO4)2 was more efficient than Ca5(PO4)3(OH) in this regard. Meanwhile, these P-composite biochar exhibited more Pb/Cd immobilization (31.3-92.3%) compared with the pristine biochar (9.5-47.2%), which was mainly due to the formation of stable precipitates Pb5(PO4)3Cl and Cd3(PO4)2, especially for Ca5(PO4)3(OH) modification. Additionally, P-composite biochar "intelligently" altered soil microbial community, i.e., they suppressed Actinobacteria proliferation, which is correlated to carbon degradation, while promoted Proteobacteria growth, facilitating phosphate dissolution for ready reaction with heavy metals to form precipitate, benefiting the Pb and Cd immobilization. A dual functions biochar was engineered via simply loading phosphorous prior to pyrolysis and simultaneously enhanced carbon sequestration and heavy metal immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhaopeng Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huacheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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27
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Zhao Y, Wang J, Yang B, Zhong Q, Wang L, Niu Z, Xin H, Zhang W. Performance of Red Mud/Biochar Composite Material (RMBC) as Heavy Metal Passivator in Pb-Contaminated Soil. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:30-43. [PMID: 35678830 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03546-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Red mud/biochar composite material (RMBC), which was applied as heavy metal passivator in this research, was prepared with red mud (the bauxite residue) and cornstalk under anoxic sintering condition. Based on the batch experiments in Pb contaminated soil, the passivating properties of several materials, including red mud (RM), biochar (BC), RMBC and phosphate-containing RMBC (PRMBC), were investigated in comparison with each other. Some interesting results are as follows: through anoxic thermal activation, a rough and porous structure of RMBC was obtained. Substances such as Fe3O4 and metal-organic complexes generated in RMBC provided effective sites for Pb passivation; and the mechanisms were speculated as the precipitation between Pb2+ and the carbonate (or hydroxide), as well as the complexation reaction between Pb and metal organic complexes through ligand bonding. The pot experiments showed the promotion effects of four passivators on the growth of red onion were in the following order: PRMBC > RMBC > BC > RM. PRMBC stabilized Pb content in soil significantly due to the formation of insoluble substances, with the minimum transfer factor and bioconcentration factor for plant growth. The evidences above implied the composite materials (PRMBC and RMBC) would be potential passivators for heavy metal-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Zhao
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jing Wang
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairen Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province, School of Environmental and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, 224051, Yancheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhong
- School of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tangshan University, No.11 Daxue West Avenue, 063000, Tangshan, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixuan Niu
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- Environmental Health Management Guidance Center, Taicang Urban Administration Bureau, No.118 Tianjin Road, Taicang, 215413, Suzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Houying Xin
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Research Center of Mine Ecological Restoration Engineering, School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, No.1 Daxue Road, 221116, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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28
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Li Y, Chen L, Jiang H, Li H, Luo X, Tang P, Yan H, Zhao M, Yuan Y, Hou S. Fabrication, application, and mechanism of metal and heteroatom co-doped biochar composites (MHBCs) for the removal of contaminants in water: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128584. [PMID: 35359100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The potential risk of various contaminants in water has recently attracted public attention. Biochars and modified biochars have been widely developed for environmental remediation. Metal and heteroatom co-doped biochar composites (MHBCs) quickly caught the interest of researchers with more active sites and higher affinity for contaminants compared to single-doped biochar by metal or heteroatoms. This study provides a comprehensive review of MHBCs in wastewater decontamination. Firstly, the main fabrication methods of MHBCs were external doping and internal doping, with external doping being the most common. Secondly, the applications of MHBCs as adsorbents and catalysts in water treatment were introduced emphatically, which mainly included the removal of metals, antibiotics, dyes, pesticides, phenols, and other organic contaminants. Thirdly, the removal mechanisms of contaminants by MHBCs were deeply discussed in adsorption, oxidation and reduction, and degradation. Furthermore, the influencing factors for the removal of contaminants by MHBCs were also summarized, including the physicochemical properties of MHBCs, and environmental variables of pH and co-existing substance. Finally, futural challenges of MHBCs are proposed in the leaching toxicity of metal from MHBCs, the choice of heteroatoms on the fabrication for MHBCs, and the application in the composite system and soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihuan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yaoning Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Yuanping Li
- College of Municipal and Mapping Engineering, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongjuan Jiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Utilization of Woody Oil Resource and Institute of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xinli Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ping Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Haoqin Yan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Suzhen Hou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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29
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Removal of Phosphate from Aqueous Solution by Zeolite-Biochar Composite: Adsorption Performance and Regulation Mechanism. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12115334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Recently, rampant eutrophication induced by phosphorus enrichment in water has been attracting attention worldwide. However, the mechanisms by which phosphate can be eliminated from the aqueous environment remain unclear. This study was aimed at investigating the adsorption performance and regulation mechanisms of the zeolite-biochar composite for removing phosphate from an aqueous environment. To do this, physicochemical properties of the zeolite-biochar composite were assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area (SSA) analyzer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Adsorption tests were performed to evaluate the adsorption ability of the composite material for mitigating excess phosphorus in the aqueous environment. The findings evinced that the phosphorus removed by PZC 7:3 (pyrolyzed zeolite and corn straw at a mass ratio of 7:3) can reach 90% of that removed by biochar. The maximum adsorption capacities of zeolite, biochar, and PZC 7:3 were 0.69, 3.60, and 2.41 mg/g, respectively. The main mechanism of phosphate removal by PZC 7:3 was the formation of thin-film amorphous calcium-magnesium phosphate compounds through ligand exchange. This study suggests that PZC 7:3 is a viable adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aquatic systems.
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30
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Wang Q, Duan CJ, Xu CY, Geng ZC. Efficient removal of Cd(II) by phosphate-modified biochars derived from apple tree branches: Processes, mechanisms, and application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152876. [PMID: 34998767 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate (P)-modified biochar is a good material for cadmium (Cd) immobilization, and the pore-forming effect of potassium ions (K+) can favor the P loading on biochar. However, few studies have been done specifically on Cd(II) removal by composites of potassium phosphates with biochar, and the removal potential and mechanisms are not clear. Herein, apple tree branches, a major agricultural waste suitable for the development of porous materials, were pyrolyzed individually or together with KH2PO4, K2HPO4·3H2O, or K3PO4·3H2O to obtain biochars to remove Cd(II), denoted as pristine BC, BC-1, BC-2, and BC-3, respectively. The results showed that the orthophosphates containing more K+ enlarged the specific surface area, total pore volume and phosphorus loading of biochar. Co-pyrolysis of apple tree branches and P promoted the thermochemical transformation of P species. Only weak signal of orthophosphate was observed in the pristine BC, while the presence of orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and metaphosphate were detected in BC-1, and BC-2 and BC-3 showed the presence of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate. The maximum Cd(II) adsorption capacities of pristine BC, BC-1, BC-2 and BC-3 were 10.4, 88.5, 95.8, and 116 mg·g-1, respectively. Orthophosphate modification enhanced the Cd(II) adsorption capacity due to the formation of Cd-P-precipitates, namely Cd5(PO4)3Cl, Cd5(PO4)3OH, Cd3(PO4)2, Cd2P2O7, and Cd(PO3)2. Furthermore, higher cation exchange efficiencies between Cd(II) and K+ in P-modified biochars also contributed to their high Cd(II) adsorption capacity. Cd(II) removal by BC-3 from artificially polluted water bodies showed more than 99.98% removal rates. Application of BC-3 also reduced the diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid-extracted Cd(II) in soil by 69.1%. The co-pyrolysis of apple tree branches and potassium phosphates shows great prospect in Cd(II) wastewater/soil treatment and provide a promising solution for agricultural waste utilization and carbon sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri‑environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Cheng-Jiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chen-Yang Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri‑environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zeng-Chao Geng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri‑environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.; Key Laboratory for Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Li J, Li L, Suvarna M, Pan L, Tabatabaei M, Ok YS, Wang X. Wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar: A critical review with future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 817:152921. [PMID: 35007594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.152921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing rise in the global population coupled with rapid urbanization demands considerable consumption of fossil fuel, food, and water. This in turn leads to energy depletion, greenhouse gas emissions and wet wastes generation (including food waste, animal manure, and sewage sludge). Conversion of the wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar is a promising approach to mitigate wastes, emissions and energy depletion, and simultaneously promotes sustainability and circular economy. In this study, various conversion technologies for transformation of wet wastes to bioenergy and biochar, including anaerobic digestion, gasification, incineration, hydrothermal carbonization, hydrothermal liquefaction, slow and fast pyrolysis, are comprehensively reviewed. The technological challenges impeding the widespread adoption of these wet waste conversion technologies are critically examined. Eventually, the study presents insightful recommendations for the technological advancements and wider acceptance of these processes by establishing a hierarchy of factors dictating their performance. These include: i) life-cycle assessment of these conversion technologies with the consideration of reactor design and catalyst utilization from lab to plant level; ii) process intensification by integrating one or more of the wet waste conversion technologies for improved performance and sustainability; and iii) emerging machine learning modeling is a promising strategy to aid the product characterization and optimization of system design for the specific to the bioenergy or biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Lanyu Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Manu Suvarna
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Lanjia Pan
- Xiamen Municipal Environment Technology Co.,Ltd, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Meisam Tabatabaei
- Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Microbial Biotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Extension, And Education Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program, Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore; Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Zhang P, Duan W, Peng H, Pan B, Xing B. Functional Biochar and Its Balanced Design. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2022; 2:115-127. [PMID: 37101585 PMCID: PMC10114722 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biochar has attracted increasing research attention. Various modification methods have been proposed to enhance a certain biochar function. However, these modifications may also result in an unstable structure, additional energy consumption, secondary pollution, and/or extra cost. Balanced consideration of different aspects will ensure the sustainable development of biochar technology. This review first summarizes the most commonly used methods for biochar modification. These methods are categorized according to the purposes of modification, such as surface area enlargement, persistent free radical manipulation, magnetism introduction, and redox potential enhancement. More importantly, a systematic analysis and discussion are provided regarding the balanced consideration of biochar designs, such as the balance between effectiveness and stability, functions and risks, as well as effectiveness and cost. Then, perspectives regarding biochar modification are presented. This review calls for attention that biochar modifications should not be evaluated for their functions only. A balanced design of biochars will ensure both the practicability and the effectiveness of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wenyan Duan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hongbo Peng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bo Pan
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Ge Q, Tian Q, Hou R, Wang S. Combing phosphorus-modified hydrochar and zeolite prepared from coal gangue for highly effective immobilization of heavy metals in coal-mining contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132835. [PMID: 34762885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the adverse effects of heavy metals (HMs) on agriculture soil, in-situ immobilization has been paid great attention worldwide. P-modified biochar/hydrochar along with synthetic zeolite for efficient HMs immobilization in contaminated soil becomes a promising choice. In this study, H3PO4-modified hydrochar (BPH) derived from banana peels, and Na-X zeolite (ZL) prepared from coal gangue was applied individually and synergistically (1%BPH, 2%BPH 1%ZL, 2%ZL, and 1%BPH+1%ZL) to remediate a farmland soil polluted by Cd, Cu, and Pb near the coal-mining area. Compared with the mono-application of these two amendments, their combination significantly improved the soil organic carbon (SOC), electric conductivity (EC), and dehydrogenase activity. Besides, the addition of 1%CLH+1%ZL remarkably reduced the Cd, Cu, and Pb bioavailability by 67.01%, 57.01%, and 78.72%, respectively, in the soil after 100 d incubation by transforming these metals to more stable forms. The order of the HMs immobilization capacity for these two amendments was as follows: Pb > Cu > Cd. Moreover, the dominated immobilization mechanism of their synergistic application was that BPH could immobilize HMs by precipitation, complexation, and π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction. The precipitation and complexation blocked the surface pores of BPH. The sustained release of phosphorus groups and radicals was prevented. This obstacle was possibly alleviated by adding ZL. Besides, the formation of cationic bridging, the enhancement of soil properties, and the physical adsorption of these amendments were also conducive to HMs immobilization in soil. This work indicated that co-application of BPH and ZL possibly was an excellent choice for immobilizing HMs in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Ge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Taiyuan College, Taiyuan, 030032, China
| | - Qi Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China; College of Civil Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Rui Hou
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China
| | - Sufang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
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Gu W, Guo J, Bai J, Dong B, Hu J, Zhuang X, Zhang C, Shih K. Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and Ca(H 2PO 4) 2: heavy metal stabilization, mechanism, and toxic leaching. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114292. [PMID: 34998065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of unstable heavy metals in sewage sludge (SS) restricts its resource utilization. In this study, Ca(H2PO4)2 and SS were co-pyrolyzed to produce biochar, which contained relatively stable heavy metals. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission techniques were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties and heavy metal content of the biochar. The results indicated that co-pyrolysis of SS with Ca(H2PO4)2 resulted in the production of more stable heavy metals in the SS. The optimal co-pyrolysis conditions were a blended ratio of 15% Ca(H2PO4)2, 650 °C final temperature, 15 °C min-1, and 60 min retention time. The potential stabilization mechanisms of heavy metals were as follows: (1) organic decomposition and moisture (sourced from Ca(H2PO4)2 decomposition) evaporation resulted in greater biochar surface porosity; (2) phosphorous substances were complexed with heavy metals to form metal phosphates; and (3) the mixture reactions among inorganic substances, pyrolysis products of organics, and heavy metals resulted in the formation of highly aromatic metallic compounds. Additionally, the potential environmental risks posed by the heavy metals decreased from 65.73 (in SS) to 4.39 (in biochar derived from co-pyrolysis of SS and 15% of Ca(H2PO4)2). This study reports on a good approach for the disposal of SS and the reduction of its environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gu
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China; College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Jiangshan Guo
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Jianfeng Bai
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xuning Zhuang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Chenglong Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, China
| | - Kaimin Shih
- Department of Civil Engineering University of Hongkong, Pokfulam Road, Hongkong, China
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35
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Liu L, Wang X, Fang W, Li X, Shan D, Dai Y. Adsorption of metolachlor by a novel magnetic illite-biochar and recovery from soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111919. [PMID: 34480949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a highly efficient adsorbent that can be recycled from the soil. Walnut shells were used as raw materials to prepare original ecological biochar (OBC), illite modified biochar (IBC), FeCl3 modified biochar (magnetic biochar; MBC), and illite and FeCl3 modified biochar (IMBC), which were tested as low-cost adsorbents. The agents were used to remove metolachlor (MET) from soil. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, magnetic sensitivity curve analysis, and a series of adsorption experiments were conducted to study the interaction between illite and MBC, and the effect on MET adsorption. Compared with OBC, IMBC had more adsorption sites on the surface. IMBC improved the hole filling effect during the adsorption process. IMBC had more oxygen-containing functional groups and it performed better at removing organic matter through π-π interactions. According to the Langmuir model, the Q0 values for IBC, MBC, and IMBC were 91.74 mg g-1, 107.53 mg g-1, and 129.87 mg g-1, respectively, which were significantly higher than that for OBC (72.99 mg g-1). The response surface model was used to explore the optimal adsorption conditions for IMBC. After three regeneration cycles, the MET adsorption rate with IMBC was still 81.38% and the MET recovery rate was 98.12%. Therefore, IMBC was characterized as an adsorbent with high efficiency, low cost, and good recyclability. In addition, we propose a suitable agricultural system for recovering MBC on site in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaorou Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, No.72 Binhai Road, Jimo District, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wanyi Fang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Dexin Shan
- College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, No.319 Honghe Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402168, China
| | - Yingjie Dai
- College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Pérez-Gómez EO, García-Rosales G, Longoria-Gándara LC, Gómez-Vilchis JC. Obtention of biochar-Ca nanoparticles using Citrus tangerina׃ A morphological, surface and study remotion of Aflatoxin AFB1. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127339. [PMID: 34879555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the formation of biochar with calcium nanoparticles (NPsCa) in function of pyrolysis time (C10, C30, C60, C120 and C180 min) using the Citrus tangerina peel and their evaluation in the remotion of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in aqueous phase. Firstly, the Citrus tangerina was studied by Thermogravimetric analysis to determine the optimal temperature (TGA), obtaining a result of 600 °C. The biochar (NPsCa) were characterized by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), as well as surface properties including the identification of functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR), and energetic states through the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption studies were carried out on the different materials and later, the experimental data was adjusted to different mathematical models, obtaining the best fit of the kinetic data to the Ho-McKay model, whilst the adsorption isotherms were adjusted to the model of Langmuir, which indicates that the Aflatoxin B1 adsorption process is carried out through a monolayer chemisorption process with maximum sorption capacities (qm) ranging between 15.72 and 63.22 μg g-1 with the 180th minute being the adequate time to obtain the carbon with the best surface properties and the best adsorption capacity. Additionally, it was observed that each material can be reused up to five times in accordance with the results from the reuse cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Pérez-Gómez
- TECNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca/Departamento de posgrado, Avenida Tecnológico 100 s/n. Colonia Agrícola, Bellavista, La Virgen, 52149 Metepec, Mexico
| | - G García-Rosales
- TECNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca/Departamento de posgrado, Avenida Tecnológico 100 s/n. Colonia Agrícola, Bellavista, La Virgen, 52149 Metepec, Mexico.
| | - L C Longoria-Gándara
- Division for Latin America/Department of Technical Cooperation International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - J C Gómez-Vilchis
- TECNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Toluca/Departamento de posgrado, Avenida Tecnológico 100 s/n. Colonia Agrícola, Bellavista, La Virgen, 52149 Metepec, Mexico
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Che L, Yang B, Tian Q, Xu H. Iron-based biochar derived from waste-activated sludge enhances anaerobic digestion of synthetic salty organic wastewater for methane production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126465. [PMID: 34864176 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, synthetic iron-based biochar was used in anaerobic digestion of synthetic salty organic wastewater for methane production. The iron-based biochar synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures improved methane production. An optimal methane production of 551 ± 4.0 mL/L was achieved by adding iron-based biochar prepared at 700℃. The rate of hydrolysis-acidification and methanogenesis was promoted by iron-based biochar as the NaCl concentration was less than 20 g/L. However, the catalytic effect of iron-based biochar on methane production of saline wastewater failed during the NaCl concentration of 40 g/L due to the complete suppression of methanogenesis. Analyzing the methanogenic activity of iron-based biochar modified anerobic systems and characterizing the physical-chemical properties of iron-based biochar demonstrated that the iron oxides and/or zero-valent iron generated on the biochar surface increased methane production. This study highlights the potential benefits of iron-rich sludge-based biochar on enhanced anaerobic digestion and treatment of salty organic wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxuan Che
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qing Tian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Pollution Treatment and Control in Textile Industry, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Zhao J, Liu C, Hou T, Lei Z, Yuan T, Shimizu K, Zhang Z. Conversion of biomass waste to solid fuel via hydrothermal co-carbonization of distillers grains and sewage sludge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126545. [PMID: 34902485 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A synergistic process was proposed to prepare hydrochar by hydrothermal co-carbonization (HTcoC) of waste distillers grains with sewage sludge, focusing on hydrochar properties and combustion behavior under different mixing ratios. Results show that the co-hydrochar from HTcoC exhibited excellent synergistic characteristics with relatively high synergistic coefficients (0.1-1.2% for hydrochar yield, 4.8-8.0% for higher heating value (HHV), 8.0-12.6% for organic retention, and 2.2-4.0% for carbon retention, respectively), partially evidenced by FTIR data. And the co-hydrochar showed a higher fuel ratio of 0.09-0.13 with the fixed carbon increased to 8.3-10.0 at an remarkably enhanced coalification degree. Moreover, thermal analysis showed that the co-hydrochar exhibited improved combustion efficiency and a more stable flame. As a result, the HTcoC process with 13.0-22.5% increase in biofuel recovery rate and 25.6-47.7% increase in net energy gain may provide an effective approach for the conversion of both biomass wastes into clean biofuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chang Liu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tingting Hou
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tian Yuan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
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Guo S, Liu X, Tang J. Enhanced degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by immobilizing multiple bacteria on wheat bran biochar and its effect on greenhouse gas emission in saline-alkali soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131663. [PMID: 34371357 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an immobilization method for forming and keeping dominant petroleum degradation bacteria was successfully developed by immobilizing Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Sphingobacterium genus bacteria on wheat bran biochar pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 °C. The removal efficiency indicated that the highest TPHs (total petroleum hydrocarbons) removal rate of BC500-4 B (biochar pyrolyzed at 500 °C with four kinds of petroleum bacteria) was 58.31%, which was higher than that of BC500 (36.91%) and 4 B (43.98%) used alone. The soil properties revealed that the application of biochar increased the content of organic matter, available phosphorus, and available potassium, but decreased pH and ammonium nitrogen content in soil. Bacterial community analysis suggested that the formation of dominant degrading community represented by Acinetobacter played key roles in TPHs removal. The removal rate of alkanes was similar to that of TPHs. Besides, biochar and immobilized material can also mediate greenhouse gas emission while removing petroleum, biochar used alone and immobilized all could improve CO2 emission, but decrease N2O emission and had no significant impact on CH4 emission. Furthermore, it was the first time to found the addition of Acinetobacter genus bacteria can accelerate the process of forming a dominant degrading community in wheat bran biochar consortium. This study focused on controlling greenhouse gas emission which provides a wider application of combining biochar and bacteria in petroleum soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Jingchun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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40
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Shen X, Meng H, Shen Y, Ding J, Zhou H, Cong H, Li L. A comprehensive assessment on bioavailability, leaching characteristics and potential risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132116. [PMID: 34492419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application as a soil amendment has attracted worldwide attention. Nevertheless, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) formed during biochar production might enter into ecosystems and threaten human health after application to soil. Continuous pyrolysis systems tend to cause an accumulation of PAHs in biochar owing to short residence time and rapid cooling. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment regarding potential risk of PAHs in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system based on bioavailability, leaching behavior, toxic equivalent quantity, health risk and phytotoxicity of PAHs. Results showed that the concentrations of total PAHs in biochars were in the range of 93.40-172.40 mg/kg, exceeding the European Biochar Certificate standard. 3-rings PAHs were the predominant groups. The percentages of total freely dissolved and leachable PAHs were lower than 1%. RH contained the least bioavailable and leachable PAHs concentration and phytotoxicity compared with CS and PS, which might attribute to the characteristic of three biochars. CS and PS were acidic and exhibited high levels of DOC and VFAs, while RH was strongly alkaline and presented greater aromaticity and higher surface area, which might have resulted in high adsorptive capacity and decreased bioavailability of PAHs. When the biochar application rate was higher than 0.6 t/ha, the incremental lifetime cancer risk value for human exposure to biochar-borne PAHs through the biochar-amended soil was over 10-6, suggesting carcinogenic risks. Germination index values of biochars ranged from 25.66 to 88.95%. Phytotoxicity mainly was caused by bioavailable PAHs and dissolved organic compounds. Overall, these findings highlighted that although the percentage of bioavailable PAHs was low, the potential health risk and phytotoxicity of PAHs in biochars produced by a continuous pyrolysis system was of a great concern. High biochar application rates should be avoided without processing both for soil safety and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Haibo Meng
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China.
| | - Yujun Shen
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Jingtao Ding
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Haibin Zhou
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Hongbin Cong
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
| | - Lijie Li
- Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Technologies and Models for Cyclic Utilization from Agricultural Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100125, China
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Chen X, Wu W, Han L, Gu M, Li J, Chen M. Carbon stability and mobility of ball milled lignin- and cellulose-rich biochar colloids. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 802:149759. [PMID: 34464793 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have explored the transport mechanism of biochar colloids in porous medium. However, the effect of feedstock biopolymer compositions and pyrolytic temperature on carbon stability and mobility of biochar colloids is limited. This study prepared four ball milled biochar colloids pyrolyzed from lignin-rich pinewoods and cellulose-rich corn stalks under 300 °C and 500 °C (termed as PW300, PW500, CS300, CS500) and analyzed their differences in the chemical stability and transport behaviors. The results indicated that high contents of lignin in biomass and pyrolytic temperature could enhance the compact aromatic structures of biochar colloids characterized by the elemental composition, FTIR, 13C NMR and XRD analyses. Therefore, PW500 with the strongest chemical stabilities (least C loss of 13%), electronegativity (-44.9 mV vs. -41.6-28.3 mV) and smallest hydrodynamic diameter (608.7 nm vs. 622-997.2 nm) was obtained under ball milling. Moreover, both the critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) and the maximum relative effluent concentration (C/C0) with the NaCl ionic strength of 1 mM were demonstrated to be in the increase order of CS300 (76.1 mM, 70%) < PW300 (183.1 mM, 78%) < CS500 (363.9 mM, 89%) < PW500 (563.1 mM, 95%), which suggested stronger colloidal stability and mobility of PW biochar colloids than those of CS biochar colloids. In addition, the C/C0 for CS300, PW300 and CS500 were about 7.3%-36% lower than that for PW500 with the NaCl ionic strength increasing to 50 mM indicated the notable superiority in the mobility of PW500. These findings can provide new insights toward understanding the transformation and migration, and evaluating the environmental risk of biochar colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Wenpei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Lu Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Mingyue Gu
- Nanjing Kaiye Environmental Technology Co Ltd, 8 Yuanhua Road, Innovation Building 106, Nanjing University Science Park, Nanjing 210034, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Mengfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Zhao R, Wang B, Theng BKG, Wu P, Liu F, Lee X, Chen M, Sun J. Fabrication and environmental applications of metal-containing solid waste/biochar composites: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149295. [PMID: 34388886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The resource utilization of industrial solid waste has become a hot issue worldwide. Composites of biochar with metal-containing solid wastes (MCSWs) can not only improve the adsorption performance, but also reduce the cost of modification and promote the recycling of waste resources. Thus, the synthesis and applications of biochar composites modified by MCSWs have been attracting increasing attention. However, different MCSWs may result in metal-containing solid waste/biochar composites (MCSW-BCs) with various physicochemical properties and adsorption performance, causing distinct adsorption mechanisms and applications. Although a lot of researches have been carried out, it is still in infancy. In particular, the explanation on the adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of pollutant onto MCSW-BCs are not comprehensive and clear enough. Therefore, a systematic review on fabrication and potential environmental applications of different MCSW-BCs is highly needed. Here we summarize the recent advances on the utilization of typical metal-containing solid wastes, preparation of MCSW-BCs, adsorption mechanisms and influencing factors of pollutants by MCSW-BCs as well as their environmental applications. Finally, comments and perspectives for future studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Benny K G Theng
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Resources and Environment Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
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Campos P, Knicker H, Miller AZ, Velasco-Molina M, De la Rosa JM. Biochar ageing in polluted soils and trace elements immobilisation in a 2-year field experiment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 290:118025. [PMID: 34450489 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application to soils has become a focus of research during the last decade due to its high potential for C sequestration. Nevertheless, there is no exhaustive information on the long-term effects of biochar application in soils contaminated with trace elements. In this work, a 2-year field experiment was conducted comprising the application of different types of biochar to acidic and moderately acidic soils with high concentrations of As, Cu, Pb, Ba and Zn. In addition, representative samples of each biochar were buried in permeable bags that allowed the flow of water and microorganisms but not their physical interaction with soil aggregates. The biochars significantly adsorbed trace elements from polluted soils. However, given the high total concentration of these persistent trace elements in the soils, the application of biochars did not succeed in reducing the concentration of available metals (CaCl2 extractable fraction). After 2 years of ageing under field conditions, some degradation of the biochars from olive pit, rice husk and wood were observed. This study provides novel information concerning the biochar alterations during ageing in polluted soils, as the decrease of aryl C signal observed by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the presence of O-containing groups shown by Fourier Transform mid-Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) in aged biochar which enhanced trace elements adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed slight changes on surface morphology of aged biochar particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Campos
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain.
| | - Heike Knicker
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Ana Z Miller
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain; Laboratorio Hercules, University of Évora, Largo Marquês de Marialva 8, 7000-809, Évora, Portugal
| | - Marta Velasco-Molina
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - José María De la Rosa
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Av. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012, Seville, Spain
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Sewu DD, Woo SH, Lee DS. Biochar from the co-pyrolysis of Saccharina japonica and goethite as an adsorbent for basic blue 41 removal from aqueous solution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149160. [PMID: 34311353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of utilizing goethite (5%, 10%, and 20%) in co-pyrolysis with low-lignin macroalgae, Saccharina japonica, on the carbon sequestration potential, magnetic, physicochemical, and dye (basic blue 41, BB41) removal properties of the resulting biochar were investigated. Biochars exhibited more aromaticity, better magnetic properties, and insignificant alterations to their point of zero charges (11.07 ± 0.03 to 10.59 ± 0.01) with goethite increment. Optimum conditions for high organic matter conversion and carbon preservation occurred using 5% goethite. Adsorption experiments showed that BB41 adsorption was highly pH-dependent, equilibrated later (from 12 h to 24 h) after goethite modification, and was best fitted to the pseudo-second-order model (higher R2 and lower SSE values). Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity for BB41 was the highest amongst carbonaceous adsorbents in the literature [1494 mg/g (pristine); 1216 mg/g (5% goethite)]; initial BB41 concentration of 2000 mg/L at 30 °C and pH 8. The main governing mechanisms involved ion exchanges, hydrogen bonding, π-π interaction and pore-filling. Overall, low goethite amount (5%), co-pyrolyzed with macroalgae, offers an economically and environmentally effective way to produce magnetic biochar with enhanced carbon sequestration potential and superb cationic dye removal performance for environmental remediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divine Damertey Sewu
- Life Green Technology Co. Ltd., 875 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Han Woo
- Life Green Technology Co. Ltd., 875 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Cui H, Wang Q, Zhang X, Zhang S, Zhou J, Zhou D, Zhou J. Aging reduces the bioavailability of copper and cadmium in soil immobilized by biochars with various concentrations of endogenous metals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 797:149136. [PMID: 34311356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is widely used for environmental remediation. However, the effects of aging on the bioavailability of trace metals in biochar-amended soil remain largely unknown, especially for the biochars with various concentrations of endogenous metals. In this study, three biochars marked as BB, MB, and HB were produced from the straws of Pennisetum sinese grown in background soil, moderately-, and highly-polluted soils by trace metals, respectively. We distinguished the effects of dry-wet (DW) and freeze-thaw (FT) aging on the bioavailability of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) from soil particles, the biochar interior, and the surface of biochar. The adsorption capacities of Cu2+ and Cd2+ followed the order of BB > MB > HB. DW and FT aging both increased the adsorption capacity of Cu2+, but decreased that of Cd2+ in the three biochars, resulting in a reduction in Cu bioavailability and increase in Cd bioavailability in the biochars after the saturated adsorption of Cu2+ and Cd2+. The incorporation of the three biochars decreased Cu bioavailability compared to the control after incubation for 30d, while the addition of MB increased Cd bioavailability. DW and FT aging decreased Cu bioavailability in biochar-amended soil by decreasing the bioavailability of Cu adsorbed on the biochar surface and immobilized by soil particles. Meanwhile, aging decreased Cd bioavailability by decreasing the bioavailability of Cd immobilized by soil particles. Overall, environmental risk would be increased by the application of biochars with high endogenous Cd. The major implications are that biochar dosage and environmental risk should be carefully assessed before large-scale, continuous application, especially for biochars containing high contents of endogenous trace metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Cui
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; Engineering laboratory of Anhui Province for comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources and construction of ecological protection in mining area with high groundwater level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Qiuya Wang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering laboratory of Anhui Province for comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources and construction of ecological protection in mining area with high groundwater level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering laboratory of Anhui Province for comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources and construction of ecological protection in mining area with high groundwater level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Shiwen Zhang
- School of Earth and Environment, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Engineering laboratory of Anhui Province for comprehensive utilization of water and soil resources and construction of ecological protection in mining area with high groundwater level, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; Institute of Environment-friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Ali U, Shaaban M, Bashir S, Chhajro MA, Qian L, Rizwan MS, Fu Q, Zhu J, Hu H. Potential of organic and inorganic amendments for stabilizing nickel in acidic soil, and improving the nutritional quality of spinach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:57769-57780. [PMID: 34097222 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of soils by nickel (Ni) has become a serious environmental problem throughout the world, and this substance wields dangerous effects on the ecosystem and food chain. A pot experiment was conducted to examine the effect of rice straw (RS), rice straw biochar (BI), and calcite (CC) at 1% and 2% application rates in a Ni-contaminated soil. The objective was to potentially stabilize Ni and reduce its bioavailability to spinach (Spinacia Oleracea L.). Spinach plants were grown in a Ni-contaminated Ultisol (commonly known as a red clay soil). Plant growth parameter results indicated that a BI 2% application rate significantly increased the root and shoots dry biomass increased by 1.7- and 6.3-fold, respectively, while essential nutrients were enhanced in the spinach plant compared to those in the untreated soil (CK). Moreover, adding amendments significantly decreased CaCl2 extractable Ni by 62.5% 94.1%, and 87.2%, while the toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) fell by 26.7%, 47.8%, and 41.7% when using RS, BI, and CC, respectively, at 2% compared to CK. The Ni concentrations in the spinach roots declined by 51.6%, 73.3%, and 68.9%, and in the shoots reduced by 54.1%, 76.7%, and 70.8% for RS, BI, and CC, at a 2% application rate, respectively. Bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) dropped significantly by as much as 72.7% and 20%, respectively, for BI 2% application rate. Results of the present study clearly indicated that biochar potential soil amendments for Ni stabilization, thereby reducing its bioavailability in the Ni-contaminated soil. This process enhanced the safety of food to be consumed and mitigated security risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umeed Ali
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shaaban
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Saqib Bashir
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal Chhajro
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Office of Research Innovation and Commercialization (ORIC), Sindh Madressatul Islam University (SMIU), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Li Qian
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Rizwan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Qingling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hongqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture; College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Nan H, Yin J, Yang F, Luo Y, Zhao L, Cao X. Pyrolysis temperature-dependent carbon retention and stability of biochar with participation of calcium: Implications to carbon sequestration. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 287:117566. [PMID: 34153610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Converting biomass waste into biochar by slow pyrolysis with subsequent soil amendment is a prospective approach with multiple environmental benefits including soil contamination remediation, soil amelioration and carbon sequestration. This study selected cow manure as precursor to produce biochar under 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, and a remarkable promotion of carbon (C) retention in biochar by incorporation of exogenous Ca was achieved at all investigated pyrolysis temperatures. The C retention was elevated from 49.2 to 68.3% of pristine biochars to 66.1-79.7% of Ca-composite biochars. It was interesting that extent of this improvement increased gradually with rising of pyrolysis temperature, i.e., doping Ca in biomass promoted pyrolytic C retention in biochar by 16.6%, 23.4%, 29.1% and 31.1% for 300 °C, 400 °C, 500 °C and 600 °C, respectively. Thermogravimetric-mass spectrometer (TG-MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Ca catalyzed thermal-chemical reactions and simultaneously suppressed the release of small organic molecular substances (C2-C7) via physical blocking (CaO, CaCO3, and CaClOH) and chemical bonding (CO and OC-O). The catalyzation mainly occurred at 200-400 °C, while the suppression was more prominent at higher temperatures. Raman spectra and 2D FTIR analysis on biochar microstructure showed that presence of Ca had negative influence on carbon aromatization and thus weakened biochar's stability, while increasing pyrolysis temperature enhanced the stability of carbon structure. Finally, with integrating "C retention" during pyrolysis and "C stability" in biochar, the maximum C sequestration (56.3%) was achieved at 600 °C with the participation of Ca. The study highlights the importance of both Ca and pyrolysis temperature in enhancing biochar's capacity of sequestrating C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Nan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianxiang Yin
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
| | - Xinde Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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Li F, Zimmerman AR, Zheng Y, Yang Y, Huang J, Zhang Y, Hu X, Yu Z, Huang J, Gao B. P-enriched hydrochar for soil remediation: Synthesis, characterization, and lead stabilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 783:146983. [PMID: 34088139 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One-step synthesis of multifunctional materials using biomass waste for environmental remediation is a current research hotspot. In this study, a novel P-enriched hydrochar was obtained by co-hydrothermal treatment of biomass (bamboo or hickory) with concentrated H3PO4 (biomass: H3PO4 = 1:4) at 200 °C for 7 h. The characteristics of the P-enriched hydrochar were determined and its effect on the stabilization of Pb in soils was investigated. Compared to pristine hydrochar, the weight yield of the P-enriched hydrochar was greater (by over 2 times). This was due to the enrichment of P (over 20% by weight), as the C, N, and H weight content was reduced. Moreover, the aromaticity, thermal stability, and surface functionality of P-enriched hydrochar were all higher than that of pristine hydrochar. Addition of the pristine hydrochar to a simulated 1300 mg·kg-1 Pb-contaminated soil at 3% (w/w) resulted in a 20%-40% reduction in leached Pb only after 4 weeks, compared to the control without hydrochar amendment. However, addition of the P-enriched hydrochar to the spiked Pb-contaminated soil reduced Pb leaching by about 60% after only 1 week and about 90% after 3 weeks. Besides, using a real Pb-contaminated soil (149,000 mg·kg-1 Pb), P-enriched hydrochar addition at 5% (w/w) resulted in a 100% decrease in Pb leaching in the first week and maintained leached Pb levels at <2 mg L-1, meeting U.S.-E.P.A. standards. Thus, P-enriched hydrochar stabilized Pb in both simulated and real Pb-contaminated soil quickly and efficiently. Hence, the potential of one-step co-hydrothermal carbonization of biomass with H3PO4 to produce a novel and sustainable P-enriched hydrochar with properties suitable for environmental remediation of cationic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Li
- College of Resources and Environment Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Andrew R Zimmerman
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yulin Zheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yicheng Yang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Xin Hu
- Center of Material Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zebin Yu
- School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Hualan Design & Consulting Group Co. Ltd., Nanning 530011, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Wang L, Gao C, Yang K, Sheng Y, Xu J, Zhao Y, Lou J, Sun R, Zhu L. Effects of biochar aging in the soil on its mechanical property and performance for soil CO 2 and N 2O emissions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 782:146824. [PMID: 33839651 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biochar application into the soils has been reported to have huge carbon sequestration potential, although it remains unclear that how the biochar aging in the soil affects its mechanical properties and soil CO2 and N2O emissions. This work assessed the impact of soil biochar aging on its physicochemical properties, microbiota community in the biochar, and soil CO2 and N2O emissions. Various characterizations (e.g., SEM-EDS, XRD, and FTIR) of fresh and aged biochar indicated that soil minerals accumulated on the biochar during the field aging process, forming organo-mineral complexes and blocking the cracks and channels on the biochar. The measured hardness and compressive strength of aged biochar were significantly higher than those of fresh biochar, consistent with the presence of soil minerals on the aged biochar. The soil CO2 and N2O emissions were significantly decreased after the addition of aged biochar particles, as compared to fresh biochar particles. This was probably because that the improved mechanical properties could inhibit the fragmentation of biochar particles, reducing the release of labile fractions from the biochar and the subsequent CO2 and N2O emissions. Moreover, the presence of CO2-fixing bacteria (e.g., Chloroflexi) and inhibited nitrification and ammonia oxidation in aged biochar particles might also reduce CO2 and N2O emissions. These findings suggest aged biochar particles with improved physical stability to the soil could enhance soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas emission reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chaochao Gao
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kun Yang
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Sheng
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jie Lou
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Agricultural experiment station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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50
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Shang H, Wang Q, Ok YS, Zhang S, Zhu X. Magnetic biochar production alters the molecular characteristics and biological response of pyrolysis volatile-derived water-soluble organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 778:146142. [PMID: 33714822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The formed Fe oxides (minerals) in the magnetic biochar production process can facilitate its recovery and carbon retention rate. However, the influence of Fe oxides on pyrolysis volatile-derived water-soluble organic matter (PVWSOM, also called wood vinegar) has been largely overlooked. Results demonstrated that in-situ formed Fe oxides (α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) could obviously inhibit biomass cracking and accordingly reduce PVWSOM emissions, as indicated by decreased PVWSOM concentrations from 28.7 to 6.8 mg C/g biomass. FT-ICR MS results further indicated that Fe oxides suppressed the formation of large-molecular-weight PVWSOM compounds with high degree of unsaturation (DBE value > 5) and oxygen content (oxygen number > 5), leading to lower polarity and aromaticity. Therefore, the changes in PVWSOM molecular structures caused by Fe oxides relieved its toxicity on wheat seed growth, and reduced negative impact on soil microbial diversity and promoted soil bacterial Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. These results indicate that molecular structures of PVWSOM from biomass pyrolysis also can be changed by Fe oxides to affect its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China.
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