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Fa Q, Gao X, Zhang W, Ren J, Song B, Yuan J. Tracking Plasma Membrane Damage Using a Ruthenium(II) Complex Phosphorescent Indicator Paired with Cholesterol. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10443-10451. [PMID: 38774973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Long-term in situ plasma membrane-targeted imaging is highly significant for investigating specific biological processes and functions, especially for the imaging and tracking of apoptosis processes of cells. However, currently developed membrane probes are rarely utilized to monitor the in situ damage of the plasma membrane. Herein, a transition-metal complex phosphorescent indicator, Ru-Chol, effectively paired with cholesterol, exhibits excellent properties on staining the plasma membrane, with excellent antipermeability, good photostability, large Stokes shift, and long luminescence lifetime. In addition, Ru-Chol not only has the potential to differentiate cancerous cells from normal cells but also tracks in real time the entire progression of cisplatin-induced plasma membrane damage and cell apoptosis. Therefore, Ru-Chol can serve as an efficient tool for the monitoring of morphological and physiological changes in the plasma membrane, providing assistance for drug screening and early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, such as immunodeficiency, diabetes, cirrhosis, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Fa
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiaona Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Junyu Ren
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- College of Life Science, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Jinzhou New District, Dalian 116600, China
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2
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Mu X, Li MJ, Fu F. Dual-channel luminescent Ir(III) complex for detection of GSH and Hcy/Cys in cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115901. [PMID: 38048719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys) play important roles in many physiological processes. However, due to their structural and functional similarities, it is still a challenge to develop a probe that can differentiate between GSH and Hcy/Cys simultaneously. In this work, a luminescent probe Ir-NBD was designed and synthesized, which emit weakly due to the presence of photo induced electron transfer (PET) interaction. When it reacted with the three biothiols, NBD dissociated and luminescence of Ir-OH was enhanced in the near-infrared (NIR) region due to the disappearance of the PET effect. On the other hand, the products obtained from the reaction of GSH with NBD were hardly luminescent, but the products from the reaction of Hcy/Cys with NBD could undergo an intramolecular rearrangement, resulting in an enhanced luminescence of the solution in the visible region. Ir-NBD enabled highly selective and sensitive detection of GSH and Cys/Hcy in a relatively short time (15 min). The two luminescent colors were clearly differentiated without spectral interference and the detection limit reached 1.32 μM (GSH), 0.42 μM (Hcy) and 0.51 μM (Cys), respectively. Ir-NBD also had low cytotoxicity, it realized the simultaneous detection of GSH and Hcy/Cys by dual-channel luminescence, and also provided ideas for the design of multifunctional luminescent probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Mu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Jin Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Fengfu Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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3
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Lee S, Heo S, Park J, Heo J, Kim S, You Y. Glutathione displacement assay based on a fluorescent Au(I) complex. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7344-7352. [PMID: 37435627 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00953j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an essential molecule that plays a pivotal role in maintaining intracellular redox homeostasis, as well as other physiological processes. However, the chemical mechanisms underlying the GSH-induced processes remain insufficiently understood due to the lack of appropriate detection tools. Fluorescence GSH imaging can serve as a useful principle for the rapid, convenient, and non-destructive detection of GSH in living organisms. In this study, we developed a fluorescent GSH probe based on a linear, homoleptic Au(I) complex with two 1,3-diphenylbenzimidazolium carbene ligands. The Au(I) complex produced a fluorescence turn-on response to GSH. Fluorescence GSH signaling was characterized with a short response time of a few seconds. The rapid response was attributed to the displacement of the carbene ligand with GSH, which involved a labile inner-sphere coordination interaction. Finally, we demonstrated the biological utility of our GSH probe by unambiguously discriminating between different GSH levels in normal and senescent preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunga Heo
- Division of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Park
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin You
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Li B, Liu C, Zhang W, Ren J, Song B, Yuan J. Ratiometric Lysosome-targeting Luminescent Probe Based on a Coumarin-Ruthenium(II) Complex for Formaldehyde Detection and Imaging in Living Cells and Mouse Brain Tissues. Methods 2023:S1046-2023(23)00100-7. [PMID: 37348825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ratiometric luminescence probes have attracted widespread attention because of their self-calibration capability. However, some defects, such as small emission shift, severe spectral overlap and poor water solubility, limit their application in the field of biological imaging. In this study, a unique luminescence probe, Ru-COU, has been developed by combining tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complex with coumarin derivative through a formaldehyde-responsive linker. The probe exhibited a large emission shift (Δλ>100 nm) and good water solubility, achieving ratiometric emission responses at 505 nm and 610 nm toward formaldehyde under acidic conditions. Besides, ratiometric luminescence imaging of formaldehyde in living cells and Alzheimer disease mouse's brain slices demonstrates the potential value of Ru-COU for the diagnosis and treatment of formaldehyde related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Junyu Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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A New Unnatural Amino Acid Derived from the Modification of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and Its Mixed-Ligand Complexes with Ruthenium: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of the methyl group of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine produced the novel unnatural amino acid 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid (phet). Mononuclear heteroleptic ruthenium complexes of the general formulae [Ru(L1)(L2)](PF6)2 (L1 = 2-acetylamino-2-(4-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine-4′-yl-benzyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester, (phem), 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid, (phet), and L2 = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (tpy), 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (ptpy), 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (mptpy)), as well as the homoleptic [Ru(phem)2](PF6)2 and [Ru(phet)2](PF6)2, were synthesized and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the synthesized complexes were also studied.
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6
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Yoshinari N, Kuwamura N, Kojima T, Konno T. Development of coordination chemistry with thiol-containing amino acids. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wang J, Jin Y, Li M, Liu S, Lo KKW, Zhao Q. Time-Resolved Luminescent Sensing and Imaging for Enzyme Catalytic Activity Based on Responsive Probes. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200429. [PMID: 35819359 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes, as a kind of biomacromolecules, play an important role in many physiological processes and relate directly to various diseases. Developing an efficient detection method for enzyme activity is important to achieve early diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases and high throughput screening of potential enzyme-relevant drugs. Time-resolved luminescence assay provide a high accuracy and signal-to-noise ratios detection methods for enzyme activity, which has been widely used in high throughput screening of enzyme-relevant drugs and diagnosis of enzyme-relevant diseases. Inspired by these advantages, various responsive probes based on metal complexes and metal-free organic compounds have been developed for time-resolved bioimaging and biosensing of enzyme activity owing to their long luminescence lifetimes, high quantum yields and photostability. In this review, we comprehensively reviewed metal complex- and metal-free organic compound-based responsive probes applied to detect enzyme activity through time-resolved imaging, including their design strategies and sensing principles. Current challenges and future prospects in this rapidly growing field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Wang
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Yibiao Jin
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Mingdang Li
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Shujuan Liu
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Institute of Advanced Materials, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
| | - Kenneth Kam-Wing Lo
- City University of Hong Kong, Department of Chemistry, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, CHINA
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, CHINA
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8
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Wu M, Zhang Z, Yong J, Schenk PM, Tian D, Xu ZP, Zhang R. Determination and Imaging of Small Biomolecules and Ions Using Ruthenium(II) Complex-Based Chemosensors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:29. [PMID: 35695976 PMCID: PMC9192387 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence chemosensors are one of the most useful tools for the determination and imaging of small biomolecules and ions in situ in real time. Based on the unique photo-physical/-chemical properties of ruthenium(II) (Ru(II)) complexes, the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and thus many Ru(II) complexes have been designed and synthesized for the detection of ions and small biomolecules in biological and environmental samples. In this work, we summarize the research advances in the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors for the determination of ions and small biomolecules, including anions, metal ions, reactive biomolecules and amino acids, with a particular focus on binding/reaction-based chemosensors for the investigation of intracellular analytes’ evolution through luminescence analysis and imaging. The advances, challenges and future research directions in the development of Ru(II) complex-based chemosensors are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zexi Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jiaxi Yong
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peer M Schenk
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dihua Tian
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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9
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A red-emission iridium(Ⅲ) complex-based fluorescent probe with Schiff base structure for selection detection HOCl and its application in water sample. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Chen F, Romero-Canelón I, Habtemariam A, Song JI, Banerjee S, Clarkson GJ, Song L, Prokes I, Sadler PJ. Effect of cysteine thiols on the catalytic and anticancer activity of Ru(II) sulfonyl-ethylenediamine complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4447-4457. [PMID: 35226015 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of novel substituted sulfonyl ethylenediamine (en) RuII arene complexes 1-8 of [(η6-arene)Ru(R1-SO2-EnBz)X], where the arene is benzene, HO(CH2)2O-phenyl or biphenyl (biph), X = Cl or I, and R1 is phenyl, 4-Me-phenyl, 4-NO2-phenyl or dansyl. The 'piano-stool' structure of complex 3, [(η6-biph)Ru(4-Me-phenyl-SO2-EnBz)I], was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The values of their aqua adducts were determined to be high (9.1 to 9.7). Complexes 1-8 have antiproliferative activity against human A2780 ovarian, and A549 lung cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 to >50 μM, although, remarkably, complex 7 [(η6-biph)Ru(phenyl-SO2-EnBz)Cl] was inactive towards A2780 cells, but as potent as the clinical drug cisplatin towards A549 cells. All these complexes also showed catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation (TH) of NAD+ to NADH with sodium formate as hydride donor, with TOFs in the range of 2.5-9.7 h-1. The complexes reacted rapidly with the thiols glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), forming dinuclear bridged complexes [(η6-biph)2Ru2(GS)3]2- or [(η6-biph)2Ru2(NAC-H)3]2-, with the liberation of the diamine ligand which was detected by LC-MS. In addition, the switching on of fluorescence for complex 8 in aqueous solution confirmed release of the chelated DsEnBz ligand in reactions with these thiols. Reactions with GSH hampered the catalytic TH of NAD+ to NADH due to the decomposition of the complexes. Co-administration to cells of complex 2 [(η6-biph)Ru(4-Me-phenyl-SO2-EnBz)Cl] with L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, partially restored the anticancer activity towards A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Complex 2 caused a concentration-dependent G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and induced a significant level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. The amount of induced ROS decreased with increase in GSH concentration, perhaps due to the formation of the dinuclear Ru-SG complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ji-Inn Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ivan Prokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ruthenium(II) Complexes with (3-Polyamino)phenanthrolines: Synthesis and Application in Sensing of Cu(II) Ions. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the development of water-soluble optical sensors based on ruthenium(II) tris(diimine) complexes that exhibit high molar absorptivity and are emissive in aqueous media. Palladium-catalyzed arylation of polyamines with 3-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline (Brphen) and [Ru(bpy)2(Brphen)](PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine) was explored to prepare Ru2+ complexes with 1,10-phenanthrolines (phen) substituted by linear polyamines (PAs) at position 3 of the heterocycle ([Ru(bpy)2(phen⎼PA)](PF6)2). The most convenient synthetic pathway leading to the target molecular probes includes the preparation of phen⎼PA ligands, followed by ruthenium complexation using cis-Ru(bpy)2Cl2. Complexes bearing a polyamine chain directly linked to phenanthroline core are emissive in aqueous media and their quantum yields are comparable to that of parent [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2. Their structure can be easily adapted for detection of various analytes by modification of amine groups. As an example, we prepared the emissive complex Ru(N2P2phen) which is suitable for the dual channel (spectrophotometry and luminescence (ON–OFF probe)) selective detection of Cu2+ ions at the physiological pH levels with limits of detection (LOD) by spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy equal to 9 and 6 μM, respectively, that is lower than the action level in drinking water for copper as prescribed by the US Environmental Protection Agency.
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13
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Kuramitsu T, Kusumoto S, Ohmagari H, Hasegawa M, Thuéry P, Kim Y, Hayami S, Nakamura M. Coordinated Halide and Pseudo Halide‐Dependent Structures and Photoluminescence of Defective Double Cubane Zinc(II) Clusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kuramitsu
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Sotaro Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Hitomi Ohmagari
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University Sagamihara 252-5258 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Miki Hasegawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science College of Science and Engineering Aoyama Gakuin University Sagamihara 252-5258 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Pierre Thuéry
- CEA CNRS NIMBE Université Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette France
| | - Yang Kim
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science (IPPS) Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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14
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Responsive small-molecule luminescence probes for sulfite/bisulfite detection in food samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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An Ir(III) complex capable of discriminating homocysteine from cysteine and glutathione with luminescent signal and imaging studies. Talanta 2021; 221:121428. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Tian L, Feng H, Dai Z, Zhang R. Resorufin-based responsive probes for fluorescence and colorimetric analysis. J Mater Chem B 2020; 9:53-79. [PMID: 33226060 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01628d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The fluorescence imaging technique has attracted increasing attention in the detection of various biological molecules in situ and in real-time owing to its inherent advantages including high selectivity and sensitivity, outstanding spatiotemporal resolution and fast feedback. In the past few decades, a number of fluorescent probes have been developed for bioassays and imaging by exploiting different fluorophores. Among various fluorophores, resorufin exhibits a high fluorescence quantum yield, long excitation/emission wavelength and pronounced ability in both fluorescence and colorimetric analysis. This fluorophore has been widely utilized in the design of responsive probes specific for various bioactive species. In this review, we summarize the advances in the development of resorufin-based fluorescent probes for detecting various analytes, such as cations, anions, reactive (redox-active) sulfur species, small molecules and biological macromolecules. The chemical structures of probes, response mechanisms, detection limits and practical applications are investigated, which is followed by the discussion of recent challenges and future research perspectives. This review article is expected to promote the further development of resorufin-based responsive fluorescent probes and their biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Nanomaterials and Technology in Universities of Shandong, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276005, P. R. China.
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Liu C, Liu J, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu Q, Song B, Yuan J, Zhang R. "Two Birds with One Stone" Ruthenium(II) Complex Probe for Biothiols Discrimination and Detection In Vitro and In Vivo. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000458. [PMID: 32714756 PMCID: PMC7375222 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a "two birds with one stone" ruthenium(II) complex probe, Ru-NBD, is proposed as an effective tool for biothiols detection and discrimination in vitro and in vivo. Ru-NBD is nonluminescent due to the quenching of Ru(II) complex emission by photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from Ru(II) center to NBD and the quenching of NBD emission through 4-substitution with "O" ether bond. Ru-NBD is capable of reacting with Cys/Hcy to form long-lived red-emitting Ru-OH and short-lived green-emitting NBD-NR, while reacting with GSH to produce Ru-OH and nonemissive NBD-SR. The long lifetime emission of Ru(II) complex allows elimination of short lifetime background and NBD-NR fluorescence for total biothiols detection ("bird" one) by time-gated luminescence (TGL) analysis, and the remarkable difference in luminescence color response allows discrimination GSH and Cys/Hcy ("bird" two) through steady-state luminescence analysis. Ru-NBD features high sensitivity and selectivity, rapid luminescence response, and low cytotoxicity, which enables it to be used as the probe for luminescence and background-free TGL detection and visualization of biothiols in live cells, zebrafish, and mice. The successful development of this probe is anticipated to contribute to the future biological studies of biothiols roles in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, St. LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Yong‐Lei Wang
- Department of Materials and Environmental ChemistryStockholm UniversityStockholmSE‐10691Sweden
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyThe University of Queensland, St. LuciaBrisbaneQLD4072Australia
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18
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Ren A, Zhu D, Luo Y. A novel Boranil-based turn-on fluorescent probe for imaging of biothiols in living cells. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Abel AS, Zenkov IS, Averin AD, Cheprakov AV, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune AG, Orlinson BS, Beletskaya IP. Tuning the Luminescent Properties of Ruthenium(II) Amino-1,10-Phenanthroline Complexes by Varying the Position of the Amino Group on the Heterocycle. Chempluschem 2020; 84:498-503. [PMID: 31943904 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Eight 1,10-phenanthrolines bearing one or two 2-(1-adamantyloxy)ethylamino substituents attached to different positions of the heterocyclic core were prepared according to SN Ar or palladium-catalyzed amination reactions. Their reaction with cis-Ru(bpy)2 Cl2 (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) was investigated and Ru(bpy)2 (L)(PF6 )2 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) (L=amino-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline) complexes were obtained in good yields. The electronic structure and emissive properties of these complexes are strongly dependent on the position of the amino substituent in the heterocycle. Emission bands of the complexes bearing 2- and 4-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands are red-shifted (up to 56 nm) and less intense compared to that of the parent [Ru(phen)(bpy)2 ](PF6 )2 . In contrast, the introduction of the substituent in 3- or 5-position of 1,10-phenanthroline ring induces only small decrease of luminescence and the brightness of the complex with the 3-substituted ligand is comparable to that of the parent complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Abel
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya S Zenkov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei D Averin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey V Cheprakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Boris S Orlinson
- Volgograd State Technical University, Prosp. Lenina, 28, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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20
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Recent advances in the development of responsive probes for selective detection of cysteine. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Xiang J. The Tunable Luminescence of Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Different Tetrazolate Ligands. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Rui Zhang
- College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University 450002 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Yun‐Xia Zhang
- College of Life Science Zhengzhou Normal University 450044 Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Yangtze University 434020 Jingzhou HuBei P. R. China
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22
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Huang C, Qian Y. A highly sensitive two-photon fluorescent probe for glutathione with near-infrared emission at 719 nm and intracellular glutathione imaging. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 217:68-76. [PMID: 30927573 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A near-infrared turn-on two-photon fluorescent probe ST-BODIPY for glutathione-specific detection was designed and synthesized by attaching triphenylamine to BODIPY skeleton through the Knoevenagel condensation to prolong the maximum emission wavelength to the NIR region. And 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl group (DNBS), as the fluorescence quencher and thiol recognition moiety, was modified in 8 position of BODIPY. In the presence of GSH, the probe afforded an "off-on" signal response with a significant NIR fluorescence enhancement centered at 719 nm accompanying by quantum yield increased to 0.44, which was ascribed to the glutathione-induced SNAr (aromatic substitution) reaction. Surprisingly, we found that the probe could discriminate GSH from other biothiols including Cys and Hcy upon the addition of intracellular concentrations of them. Time-dependence also demonstrated that the probe could distinguish GSH from Cys and Hcy under physiological environment. The limit of detection (LOD) for GSH was calculated as 25.46 nM from the titration experiments, which is lower than most previously reported GSH-selective probes. Under the Ti:sapphire pulsed laser's 800 nm irradiation, ST-BODIPY toward GSH generated an "off-on" signal response with a significant enhancement of fluorescence emission at 719 nm after treatment with GSH. Besides, the 2PA cross section value (σ2) was calculated to be 410 GM, suggesting that it could not only function well as an excellent two-photon fluorescent probe for the detection of intracellular GSH, but also be applied for two-photon imaging with high sensitivity in living cells. Moreover, ST-BODIPY probe has been successfully employed for monitoring exogenous and endogenous GSH in MCF-7 cells with satisfying results, perhaps it was feasible for detecting abnormal contents of GSH in a biological system and accomplishing the goal of maintaining normal human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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23
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Zheng ZB, Han YF, Ge YQ, Cui JC, Zuo J, Nie K. Rapid and selective detection of biothiols by novel ruthenium(II) complex-based phosphorescence probes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 216:328-334. [PMID: 30909089 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Considering the excellent photochemical properties of ruthenium(II) complexes, two new ruthenium(II) complexes, RuL1-DNBS and RuL2-DNBS, have been developed as phosphorescence probes for detection of biothiols in 100:1 (v/v) Hepes buffer (20 mM, pH = 7.2)/CH3CN solution. The response rate was highly improved of these two probes toward biothiols because the steric interactions between 1H-imidazo [4, 5-f] [1,10] phenanthroline group and ortho-2, 4-dinitrobenzensulfonate resulted in a relatively rapid thiol-induced SNAr substitution reaction. RuL1-DNBS and RuL2-DNBS were weakly phosphorescent owing to the effectual photoinduced electron transfer from ruthenium(II) luminophore to the sensing group, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl. After reacting with biothiols, the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl group of RuL1-DNBS and RuL2-DNBS were cleavaged and the RuL1 and RuL2 were obtained. Meanwhile, the phosphorescence were "turn-on". Both of these two probes can detect biothiols sensitively and selectively under physiological conditions with submicromolar detection limits. Furthermore, application of RuL2-DNBS for detecting of intracellular biothiols has been successfully performed in living Glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bao Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, PR China.
| | - Yin-Feng Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, PR China
| | - Yan-Qing Ge
- School of Chemical Engineering, Taishan Medical University, Taian, Shandong 271016, PR China.
| | - Ji-Chun Cui
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, PR China
| | - Jian Zuo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, PR China
| | - Kun Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Taian 271021, PR China
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24
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Chang MJ, Joo JH, Lee MH. Acrylamide‐Coumarin‐Benzaldehyde as a Turn‐on Fluorescent Probe Providing an Enhanced Water Solubility for Detection of Cysteine and Homocysteine. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.11728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Chang
- Department of ChemistrySookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Jin Hui Joo
- Department of ChemistrySookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
| | - Min Hee Lee
- Department of ChemistrySookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 South Korea
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25
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Du Z, Zhang R, Song B, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu C, Xu ZP, Yuan J. Iridium(III) Complex‐Based Activatable Probe for Phosphorescent/Time‐Gated Luminescent Sensing and Imaging of Cysteine in Mitochondria of Live Cells and Animals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1498-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yong‐Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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26
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Li Y, Shi N, Li M. An efficient ruthenium(ii) tris(bipyridyl)-based chemosensor for the specific detection of cysteine and its luminescence imaging in living zebrafish. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble, red emissive and cysteine-specific probe has been achieved through 1,4-addition of cysteine to α,β-unsaturated ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Ningning Shi
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Minna Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
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27
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Rajaram R, Mathiyarasu J. An electrochemical sensor for homocysteine detection using gold nanoparticle incorporated reduced graphene oxide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 170:109-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Zhang W, Liu H, Zhang F, Wang YL, Song B, Zhang R, Yuan J. Development of a ruthenium(II) complex-based luminescence probe for detection of hydrogen sulfite in food samples. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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29
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Liang B, Wang B, Ma Q, Xie C, Li X, Wang S. A lysosome-targetable turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of thiols in living cells based on a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 192:67-74. [PMID: 29126010 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological thiols, like cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), play crucial roles in biological systems and in lysosomal processes. Highly selective probes for detecting biological thiols in lysomes of living cells are rare. In this work, a lysosome-targetable turn-on fluorescent probe for the detection of thiols in living cells was designed and synthesized based on a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative. The probe has a 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine unit as a lysosome-targetable group and an acrylate group as the thiol recognition unit as well as a fluorescence quencher. In the absence of biothiols, the probe displayed weak fluorescence due to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. Upon the addition of biothiols, the probe exhibited an enhanced fluorescence emission centered at 550nm due to cleavage of the acrylate moiety. The probe had high selectivity toward biothiols. Moreover, the probe features fast response time, excitation in the visible region and ability of working in a wide pH range. The linear response range covers a concentration range of Cys from 1.5×10-7 to 1.0×10-5mol·L-1 and the detection limit is 6.9×10-8mol·L-1 for Cys. The probe has been successfully applied to the confocal imaging of biothiols in lysosomes of A549 cells with low cell toxicity. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of thiols in a complex multicomponent mixture such as human serum, which suggests our proposed method has great potential for diagnostic purposes. All of such good properties prove it can be used to monitor biothiols in lysosomes of living cells and to be a good fluorescent probe for the selective detection of thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Baiyan Wang
- Key Discipline Laboratory of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Qiujuan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Caixia Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China.
| | - Xian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, PR China
| | - Suiping Wang
- Department of Food and Biological engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, PR China.
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30
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Zhang R, Song B, Yuan J. Bioanalytical methods for hypochlorous acid detection: Recent advances and challenges. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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31
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Selvarajan S, Alluri NR, Chandrasekhar A, Kim SJ. Direct detection of cysteine using functionalized BaTiO3 nanoparticles film based self-powered biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:203-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Wang J, Shao X, Wang J, Shao S. An NBD-based Fluorescent Turn-on Probe for the Detection of Homocysteine over Cysteine and Its Imaging Applications. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.161123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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33
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Gao Q, Zhang W, Song B, Zhang R, Guo W, Yuan J. Development of a Novel Lysosome-Targeted Ruthenium(II) Complex for Phosphorescence/Time-Gated Luminescence Assay of Biothiols. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4517-4524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quankun Gao
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian
Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Weihua Guo
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State
Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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34
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Zhang W, Zhang F, Wang YL, Song B, Zhang R, Yuan J. Red-Emitting Ruthenium(II) and Iridium(III) Complexes as Phosphorescent Probes for Methylglyoxal in Vitro and in Vivo. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1309-1318. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Feiyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Applied Physical Chemistry, Department
of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering
and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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35
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A unique iridium(III) complex-based chemosensor for multi-signal detection and multi-channel imaging of hypochlorous acid in liver injury. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:1005-1011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Brun O, Agramunt J, Raich L, Rovira C, Pedroso E, Grandas A. Selective Derivatization of N-Terminal Cysteines Using Cyclopentenediones. Org Lett 2016; 18:4836-4839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.6b02301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carme Rovira
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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37
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Huang R, Wang BB, Si-Tu XM, Gao T, Wang FF, He H, Fan XY, Jiang FL, Liu Y. A lysosome-targeted fluorescent sensor for the detection of glutathione in cells with an extremely fast response. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11579-82. [PMID: 27605263 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06750f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A highly sensitive and selective Rhodamine B-based fluorescent sensor, RhB-1, for glutathione (GSH) was easily synthesized. An extremely fast detection response time of 10 s, which is the fastest one ever reported, is achieved in aqueous solutions over a wide pH range with large enhancement of emission intensity. The sensor detects GSH in cells and selectively accumulates in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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38
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Chen L, Fu C, Deng Y, Wu W, Fu A. A pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier for Tumor Targeting : Delivery of Ruthenium Complex for Tumor Theranostic by pH-Sensitive Nanocapsule. Pharm Res 2016; 33:2989-2998. [PMID: 27590630 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2021-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ruthenium complex is a potentially theranostic agent for cancer imaging and therapy, however its application is limited due to poor water-solubility and lack of tumor selectivity. To overcome the above drawbacks, pH-sensitive nanocapsule as a novel targeting carrier was designed to deliver ruthenium complex for treating xenograft tumor of mice. METHODS The core/shell structured nanocapsule with ruthenium complex tris(1,10-phenanthroline) ruthenium(II) complex (3P-Ru) as the core and a pH-sensitive polymeric material poly (2-diisopropylaminoethyl methacrylate)-block poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride) (PbPS) as the shell was synthesized and characterized. Meanwhile, the nanocapsule was used to investigate cell viability and evaluate tissue distribution as well as preventing tumor growth efficacy in U251 stem cells tumor-bearing mouse model. RESULTS The nanocapsule had a size of 103.1 ± 11.3 nm, zeta potential of -40 ± 5.3 mV, EE of 76.7 ± 0.9%, LE of 25.4 ± 0.6% and it could control drug release under different pH conditions. The results of cell uptake showed that the fluorescent 3P-Ru loaded in the nanocapsule could be delivered into cells with high efficiency, and then significantly inhibited U251 proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. After U251 stem cells were transplanted subcutaneously into mice, the 3P-Ru/PbPS nanocapsule (PbPS-Ru-NC) via intravenous administration could concentrate in tumor area and obviously prevent tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS The pH-sensitive nanocapsule as a antitumor agent carrier was able to effectively deliver 3P-Ru into gliomas cells, and cell growth was significantly inhibited both in vitro and in vivo. Such pH-sensitive nanocapsule for ruthenium complex delivery would have great potential application in tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Chen Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yajun Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Ailing Fu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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39
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Shen C, Yu F, Chu WK, Xiang J, Tan P, Luo Y, Feng H, Guo ZQ, Leung CF, Lau TC. Synthesis, structures and photophysical properties of luminescent cyanoruthenate(ii) complexes with hydroxylated bipyridine and phenanthroline ligands. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16319j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two luminescent cyanoruthenate(ii) complexes with hydroxylated ligands were obtained and their solvatochromism, pH effect and cationic effect on the photophysical properties have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou 434020
- P. R. China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou 434020
- P. R. China
| | - Wing-Kin Chu
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Jing Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou 434020
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Tan
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
- Yangtze University
- Jingzhou 434020
- P. R. China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Zheng-Qing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- Suzhou 215123
- China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies
- The Education University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Tai-Chu Lau
- Department of Biology and Chemistry
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials
- City University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
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40
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Sun RWY, Xu RF, Song HQ, Saint-Germain C, Zhang M, Ni WX, Chen CX, Hemmert C, Gornitzka H, Li D. A gold(i)–pyrazolato complex as a switch-on luminescent probe for cysteine: in situ formation of fluorescent nanoparticles and rose-like microspheres. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6qi00205f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A gold(i)–pyrazolato complex has been designed as a luminescent probe for cysteine (Cys).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Wai-Yin Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company Limited
| | - Ruo-Fan Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
| | - Huan-Quan Song
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
| | - Camille Saint-Germain
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Xiu Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-Xia Chen
- Guangzhou Lee & Man Technology Company Limited
- Guangzhou
- P. R. China
| | | | | | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province
- Shantou University 243 Da Xue Road
- Shantou
- P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
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41
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Adhikari S, Ghosh A, Mandal S, Guria S, Banerjee PP, Chatterjee A, Das D. Colorimetric and fluorescence probe for the detection of nano-molar lysine in aqueous medium. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10688-10694. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01704e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new BODIPY based lysine selective probe,THBPY, is synthesized and detects nano-molar lysine in aqueous medium, exhibiting both a visible change in color from yellow-green to orange and a change in the fluorescence profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanta Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | - Avijit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | - Sandip Mandal
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan 713104
- India
| | - Subhajit Guria
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calcutta
- Kolkata 700 009
- India
| | | | | | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Burdwan
- Burdwan 713104
- India
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42
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Nourmohammadian F. An arginine selective colorimetric assay using azobenzothiazole-polyene based dipolar molecular receptor. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Meng Q, Jia H, Succar P, Zhao L, Zhang R, Duan C, Zhang Z. A highly selective and sensitive ON–OFF–ON fluorescence chemosensor for cysteine detection in endoplasmic reticulum. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 74:461-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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44
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Cao L, Zhang R, Zhang W, Du Z, Liu C, Ye Z, Song B, Yuan J. A ruthenium(II) complex-based lysosome-targetable multisignal chemosensor for in vivo detection of hypochlorous acid. Biomaterials 2015; 68:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Wang J, Liu HB, Tong Z, Ha CS. Fluorescent/luminescent detection of natural amino acids by organometallic systems. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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46
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Wang J, Liao Y, Shao S. An NBD-based Fluorescent Probe with High Selectivity to Cysteine over Homocysteine under Neutral Physiological Conditions. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yuan Liao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shijun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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47
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Ni S, Mu W, Chao D. Rapid and Selective Luminescence Response to Aromatic Thiols with a Simple Mononuclear Iridium(III) Complex. CHEM LETT 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.150075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shitan Ni
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
| | - Wensheng Mu
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
| | - Duobin Chao
- School of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology
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48
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Li M, Wang Y, Yang Y, Gao Y, Zhao M, Zheng M, Peng S. Oximated ruthenium tris-bipyridyl complex: synthesis and luminescent response specifically for ClO− in water containing multiple ions. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:14071-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt02097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel Ru(bpy)32+ complex capable of a selective response to ClO− in pH 4–11 water in the presence of other anions and cations is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna Li
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Yuji Wang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Yutong Yang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Yeqing Gao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Ming Zhao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Meiqing Zheng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
| | - Shiqi Peng
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Capital Medical University
- Beijing 100069
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49
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Ye Z, Gao Q, An X, Song B, Yuan J. A functional ruthenium(ii) complex for imaging biothiols in living bodies. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:8278-83. [DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00290g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A functional ruthenium(ii) complex that can act as a luminescent probe for imaging biothiols in living bodies has been successfully developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Quankun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xin An
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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50
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Li M, Wu X, Wang Y, Li Y, Zhu W, James TD. A near-infrared colorimetric fluorescent chemodosimeter for the detection of glutathione in living cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:1751-3. [PMID: 24400318 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc48128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel near-infrared (NIR) and colorimetric fluorescent molecular probe based on a dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran chromophore for the selective detection of glutathione in living cells has been developed. The fluorescence OFF-ON switch is triggered by cleavage of the 2,4-dinitrobenzensulfonyl (DNBS) unit by the interaction with GSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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