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Ceccherini V, Giorgi E, Mannelli M, Cirri D, Gamberi T, Gabbiani C, Pratesi A. Synthesis, Chemical Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Hydrophilic Gold(I) and Silver(I) N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as Potential Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:16949-16963. [PMID: 39226133 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
A series of new gold(I) and silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbenes bearing a 1-thio-β-d-glucose tetraacetate moiety was synthesized and chemically characterized. The compounds' stability and solubility in physiological conditions were investigated employing a multitechnique approach. Interaction studies with biologically relevant proteins, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and human serum albumin (HSA), were conducted via UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry. The biological activity of the compounds was evaluated in the A2780 and A2780R (cisplatin-resistant) ovarian cancer cell lines and the HSkMC (human skeletal muscle) healthy cell line. Inhibition studies of the selenoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) were also carried out. The results highlighted that the gold complexes are more stable in aqueous environment and capable of interaction with SOD and HSA. Moreover, these carbenes strongly inhibited the TrxR activity. In contrast, the silver ones underwent structural alterations in the aqueous medium and showed greater antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ceccherini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ester Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Michele Mannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tania Gamberi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134 Firenze, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabbiani
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Bannwart F, Richter LF, Stifel S, Rueter J, Lode HN, Correia JDG, Kühn FE, Prokop A. A New Class of Gold(I) NHC Complexes with Proapoptotic and Resensitizing Properties towards Multidrug Resistant Leukemia Cells Overexpressing BCL-2. J Med Chem 2024; 67:15494-15508. [PMID: 39196554 PMCID: PMC11403678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
From previous studies, it is evident that metal-organic gold(I) complexes have antiproliferative activities. The aim of this study is not only to find new anticancer agents but also to overcome existing cytostatic resistance in cancer cells. The synthesis and medicinal evaluation of two cationic 1,3-disubstituted gold(I) bis-tetrazolylidene complexes 1 and 2 are reported. To determine apoptosis-inducing properties of the complexes, DNA fragmentation was measured using propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry. Gold(I) complex 1 targets explicitly malignant cells, effectively inhibiting their growth and selectively inducing apoptosis without signs of necrosis. Even in cells resistant to common treatments such as doxorubicin, it overcomes multidrug resistance and sensitizes existing drug-resistant cells to common cytostatic drugs. It is assumed that gold(I) complex 1 involves the mitochondrial pathway in apoptosis and targets members of the BCL-2 family, enhancing its potential as a therapeutic agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Bannwart
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Leon F Richter
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Simon Stifel
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Johanna Rueter
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
| | - Holger N Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str. 1, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela, Lisbon, LRS 2695-066, Portugal
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Department of Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Molecular Catalysis, Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Aram Prokop
- Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Helios Kliniken Schwerin, Wismarsche Str. 393-397, 19055 Schwerin, Germany
- Experimental Oncology, Municipal Hospitals of Cologne, Ostmerheimer Str. 200, 51109 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Roufosse B, Serbu C, Marschner C, Prince S, Blom B. Homo and heteromultimetallic complexes containing a group 8 transition metal and μ-diphosphine bridging ligands involved in anticancer research: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 274:116528. [PMID: 38805938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a comprehensive review focusing on synthetic strategies, detailed structural analysis, and anticancer activity investigations of complexes following the general formula [LnM(μ-diphosphine)M'Lm] where M = group 8 metal; M' = any transition metal; μ-diphosphine = bridging ligand; Ln and Lm = ligand spheres). Both homo- and heteromultimetallic complexes will be discussed in detail. We review in vitro, in vivo and in silico anticancer activity investigations, in an attempt to draw comparisons between the various complexes and derive structure-activity relationships (SAR). This review solely focuses on complexes falling under the general formula stated above that have been studied for their anticancer activities, other complexes falling into that scheme but which have not undergone anticancer testing are not included in this review. We compare the anticancer activities of these complexes to their mononuclear counterparts, and a positive control (cisplatin) when possible and present a summary of all existing data to date and attempt to draw some conclusions on the future development of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Roufosse
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christi Serbu
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Christoph Marschner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Graz, Stremayrgasse 9, A-8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sharon Prince
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Programme, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Maastricht University, Paul-Henri Spaaklaan 1, 6229 EN, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Francescato G, Leitão MIPS, Orsini G, Petronilho A. Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes Based on Caffeine and Other Xanthines. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400118. [PMID: 38668124 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Xanthines are purine derivatives predominantly found in plants. These include compounds such as caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine and exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties, demonstrating efficacy in treating neurodegenerative disorders, respiratory dysfunctions, and also cancer. The versatile attributes of these materials render them privileged scaffolds for the development of compounds for various biological applications. Xanthines are N-heterocyclic carbene precursors that combine a pyrimidine and an imidazole ring. Owing to their biological relevance, xanthines have been employed as N-heterocyclic carbenes in the development of metallodrugs for anticancer and antimicrobial purposes. In this conceptual review, we examine key examples of N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from caffeine and other xanthines, elucidating their synthetic methods and describing their pertinent medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francescato
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês P S Leitão
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Giulia Orsini
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Petronilho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Republica, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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5
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Binacchi F, Giorgi E, Salvadori G, Cirri D, Stifano M, Donati A, Garzella L, Busto N, Garcia B, Pratesi A, Biver T. Exploring the interaction between a fluorescent Ag(I)-biscarbene complex and non-canonical DNA structures: a multi-technique investigation. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9700-9714. [PMID: 38775704 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Silver compounds are mainly studied as antimicrobial agents, but they also have anticancer properties, with the latter, in some cases, being better than their gold counterparts. Herein, we analyse the first example of a new Ag(I)-biscarbene that can bind non-canonical structures of DNA, more precisely G-quadruplexes (G4), with different binding signatures depending on the type of G4. Moreover, we show that this Ag-based carbene binds the i-motif DNA structure. Alternatively, its Au(I) counterpart, which was investigated for comparison, stabilises mitochondrial G4. Theoretical in silico studies elucidated the details of different binding modes depending on the geometry of G4. The two complexes showed increased cytotoxic activity compared to cisplatin, overcoming its resistance in ovarian cancer. The binding of these new drug candidates with other relevant biosubstrates was studied to afford a more complete picture of their possible targets. In particular, the Ag(I) complex preferentially binds DNA structures over RNA structures, with higher binding constants for the non-canonical nucleic acids with respect to natural calf thymus DNA. Regarding possible protein targets, its interaction with the albumin model protein BSA was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Binacchi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Ester Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Salvadori
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Damiano Cirri
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Mariassunta Stifano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Aurora Donati
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Linda Garzella
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Natalia Busto
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Burgos, Paseo de los Comendadores s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Begona Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Alessandro Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Tarita Biver
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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6
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Chaudhary A, Mathur D, Gaba R, Pasricha R, Sharma K. Greening up organic reactions with caffeine: applications, recent developments, and future directions. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8932-8962. [PMID: 38500612 PMCID: PMC10945742 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies in the field of alkaloid chemistry have provided researchers with valuable insights into their unique properties as catalysts. Among the diverse natural catalysts, caffeine has emerged as a green, expedient, and biodegradable catalyst with high efficiency and applicability. Interest in using caffeine as a catalyst has burgeoned over the past few years with its role in diverse multicomponent reactions. Preparation of its imidazolium salts and further conversion to Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligands and ionic liquids offers new paradigms. Caffeine has also played a multifaceted role as a support material in influencing the structural properties of nanoparticles. We hope that the chemistry of caffeine and its applications for sustainable organic transformations discussed in this review will stimulate new thinking and open new avenues in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Divya Mathur
- Department of Chemistry, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 007 India
| | - Ritu Gaba
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Raaina Pasricha
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
| | - Khyati Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi Delhi - 110 021 India
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7
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Mariconda A, Iacopetta D, Sirignano M, Ceramella J, D'Amato A, Marra M, Pellegrino M, Sinicropi MS, Aquaro S, Longo P. Silver and Gold Complexes with NHC-Ligands Derived from Caffeine: Catalytic and Pharmacological Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2599. [PMID: 38473851 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) silver(I) and gold(I) complexes have found different applications in various research fields, as in medicinal chemistry for their antiproliferative, anticancer, and antibacterial activity, and in chemistry as innovative and effective catalysts. The possibility of modulating the physicochemical properties, by acting on their ligands and substituents, makes them versatile tools for the development of novel metal-based compounds, mostly as anticancer compounds. As it is known, chemotherapy is commonly adopted for the clinical treatment of different cancers, even though its efficacy is hampered by several factors. Thus, the development of more effective and less toxic drugs is still an urgent need. Herein, we reported the synthesis and characterization of new silver(I) and gold(I) complexes stabilized by caffeine-derived NHC ligands, together with their biological and catalytic activities. Our data highlight the interesting properties of this series as effective catalysts in A3-coupling and hydroamination reactions and as promising anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents. The ability of these complexes in regulating different pathological aspects, and often co-promoting causes, of cancer makes them ideal leads to be further structurally functionalized and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Marco Sirignano
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Assunta D'Amato
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Maria Marra
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Michele Pellegrino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Stefano Aquaro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology "A. Zambelli", University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
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Casagrande N, Borghese C, Corona G, Aldinucci D, Altaf M, Sulaiman AAA, Isab AA, Ahmad S, Peedikakkal AMP. Dinuclear gold(I) complexes based on carbene and diphosphane ligands: bis[2-(dicyclohexylphosphano)ethyl]amine complex inhibits the proteasome activity, decreases stem cell markers and spheroid viability in lung cancer cells. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:751-766. [PMID: 37955736 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Three new dinuclear gold(I) complexes (1-3) containing a carbene (1,3-Bis(2,6-di-isopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr)) and diphosphane ligands [bis(1,2-diphenylphosphano)ethane (Dppe), bis(1,3-diphenylphosphano)propane (Dppp) and bis[2-(dicyclohexylphosphano)ethyl]amine (DCyPA)], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and, ESI-MS, mid FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic methods. The structures of complexes 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray crystallography, which revealed that the complexes are dinuclear having gold(I) ions linearly coordinated. The anticancer activities of the complexes (1-3) were evaluated in lung (A549), breast (MC-F7), prostate (PC-3), osteosarcoma (MG-63) and ovarian (A2780 and A2780cis) cancer models. Growth inhibition by the new complexes was higher than cisplatin in all cell lines tested. The mechanism of action of complex 3 was investigated in A549 cells using 2-dimensional (2D) models and 3D-multicellular tumor spheroids. Treatment of A549 cells with complex 3 caused: the induction of apoptosis and the generation of reactive oxygen species; the cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase; the inhibition of both the proteasome and the NF-kB activity; the down-regulation of lung cancer stem cell markers (NOTCH1, CD133, ALDH1 and CD44). Complex 3 was more active than cisplatin also in 3D models of A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology, Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, 33081, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Adam A A Sulaiman
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Anvarhusein A Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11942, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Malik P Peedikakkal
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Paciotti R, Marrone A, Coletti C, Re N. Improving the accuracy of the FMO binding affinity prediction of ligand-receptor complexes containing metals. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2023; 37:707-719. [PMID: 37743428 PMCID: PMC10618332 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-023-00532-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Polarization and charge transfer strongly characterize the ligand-receptor interaction when metal atoms are present, as for the Au(I)-biscarbene/DNA G-quadruplex complexes. In a previous work (J Comput Aided Mol Des2022, 36, 851-866) we used the ab initio FMO2 method at the RI-MP2/6-31G* level of theory with the PCM [1] solvation approach to calculate the binding energy (ΔEFMO) of two Au(I)-biscarbene derivatives, [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ and [Au(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazole-2-ylidene)2]+, able to interact with DNA G-quadruplex motif. We found that ΔEFMO and ligand-receptor pair interaction energies (EINT) show very large negative values making the direct comparison with experimental data difficult and related this issue to the overestimation of the embedded charge transfer energy between fragments containing metal atoms. In this work, to improve the accuracy of the FMO method for predicting the binding affinity of metal-based ligands interacting with DNA G-quadruplex (Gq), we assess the effect of the following computational features: (i) the electron correlation, considering the Hartree-Fock (HF) and a post-HF method, namely RI-MP2; (ii) the two (FMO2) and three-body (FMO3) approaches; (iii) the basis set size (polarization functions and double-ζ vs. triple-ζ) and (iv) the embedding electrostatic potential (ESP). Moreover, the partial screening method was systematically adopted to simulate the solvent screening effect for each calculation. We found that the use of the ESP computed using the screened point charges for all atoms (ESP-SPTC) has a critical impact on the accuracy of both ΔEFMO and EINT, eliminating the overestimation of charge transfer energy and leading to energy values with magnitude comparable with typical experimental binding energies. With this computational approach, EINT values describe the binding efficiency of metal-based binders to DNA Gq more accurately than ΔEFMO. Therefore, to study the binding process of metal containing systems with the FMO method, the adoption of partial screening solvent method combined with ESP-SPCT should be considered. This computational protocol is suggested for FMO calculations on biological systems containing metals, especially when the adoption of the default ESP treatment leads to questionable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Paciotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - A Marrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Coletti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - N Re
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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10
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Assadawi N, Richardson C, Ralph SF. G-quadruplex DNA binding properties of novel nickel Schiff base complexes with four pendant groups. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12646-12660. [PMID: 37622418 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Three new nickel Schiff base complexes were prepared using a two-step procedure that involves initial selective dialkylation of 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzaldehyde, followed by reaction with 1,2-phenylenediamine and nickel(II) acetate. Each of the complexes possessed the same Schiff base core but differed in the identity of the four pendant groups. All complexes were characterised by microanalysis, NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. In addition, two of the complexes were also characterised in the solid state using X-ray crystallography, which confirmed the presence of a square planar geometry around the metal ion. The DNA binding properties of the three nickel complexes with double stranded DNA and a range of G-quadruplex DNA structures were explored using ESI mass spectrometry, CD spectroscopy, UV melting curves, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assays, Fluorescent Indicator Displacement (FID) assays and molecular docking studies. These techniques confirmed the ability of the three nickel complexes to bind to most of the DNA molecules examined, as well as stabilise the latter in several instances. In addition, the results of these investigations provided evidence that pendant groups with morpholine rings generally reduced DNA binding behaviour, whilst pendants featuring piperidine ring systems attached to the Schiff base core by three and not two methylene linkers often showed the greatest extent of binding or DNA stabilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Assadawi
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Christopher Richardson
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
| | - Stephen F Ralph
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, University of Wollongong, Northfields Avenue, Wollongong 2522, Australia.
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11
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Dar MO, Mir RH, Mohiuddin R, Masoodi MH, Sofi FA. Metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives: Synthesis and biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 246:112290. [PMID: 37327591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine and its derivatives are considered an important class of N-heterocyclic purine compounds that have gained significant importance in medicinal chemistry. N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and N-coordinated metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have revealed a range of new possibilities for their use as therapeutic agents in addition to their established catalytic behavior. The metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives have been designed and synthesized for the exploration of their potential therapeutic applications. These metal complexes based on the xanthine scaffold exhibited various potential medicinal applications including anticancer, antibacterial, and antileishmanial activity. The metal complexes of xanthine and its derivatives shall pave the way for the rational design and development of new therapeutic agents. In the present comprehensive review, we highlighted the recent advancements in the synthesis and medicinal applications of metal complexes based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) derived from xanthine scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana 133207, India.
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India
| | - Roohi Mohiuddin
- Department of General Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS), Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190001, India
| | - Mubashir H Masoodi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India
| | - Firdoos Ahmad Sofi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, J & K, India.
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12
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Kapitza P, Scherfler A, Salcher S, Sopper S, Cziferszky M, Wurst K, Gust R. Reaction Behavior of [1,3-Diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1 H-imidazol-2-ylidene] Containing Gold(I/III) Complexes against Ingredients of the Cell Culture Medium and the Meaning on the Potential Use for Cancer Eradication Therapy. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37294951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reactivities of halido[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (chlorido (5), bromido (6), iodido (7)), bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) (8), and bis[1,3-diethyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-ylidene]dihalidogold(III) (chlorido (9), bromido (10), iodido (11)) complexes against ingredients of the cell culture medium were analyzed by HPLC. The degradation in the RPMI 1640 medium was studied, too. Complex 6 quantitatively reacted with chloride to 5, while 7 showed additionally ligand scrambling to 8. Interactions with non-thiol containing amino acids could not be detected. However, glutathione (GSH) reacted immediately with 5 and 6 yielding the (NHC)gold(I)-GSH complex 12. The most active complex 8 was stable under in vitro conditions and strongly participated on the biological effects of 7. The gold(III) species 9-11 were completely reduced by GSH to 8 and are prodrugs. All complexes were tested for inhibitory effects in Cisplatin-resistant cells, as well as against cancer stem cell-enriched cell lines and showed excellent activity. Such compounds are of utmost interest for the therapy of drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kapitza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Amelie Scherfler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Stefan Salcher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Haematology & Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Department of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Center for Molecular Bioscience Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
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13
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Zhang JJ, Xu QJ, Schmidt C, Maaty MAAE, Song J, Yu C, Zhou J, Han K, Sun H, Casini A, Ott I, Wölfl S. Elucidating the Multimodal Anticancer Mechanism of an Organometallic Terpyridine Platinum(II) N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3995-4008. [PMID: 36898000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has long been a medical challenge because of the lack of effective therapeutic targets. Targeting lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolism pathways has recently been proven as a promising option in view of three heterogeneous metabolic-pathway-based TNBC subtypes. Here, we present a multimodal anticancer platinum(II) complex, named Pt(II)caffeine, with a novel mode of action involving simultaneous mitochondrial damage, inhibition of lipid, carbohydrate, and nucleotide metabolic pathways, and promotion of autophagy. All these biological processes eventually result in a strong suppression of TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. The results indicate that Pt(II)caffeine, influencing cellular metabolism at multiple levels, is a metallodrug with increased potential to overcome the metabolic heterogeneity of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qi-Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Mohamed A Abu El Maaty
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jinglin Song
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunqiu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Kang Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hao Sun
- College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Wölfl
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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14
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Długosz O, Matyjasik W, Hodacka G, Szostak K, Matysik J, Krawczyk P, Piasek A, Pulit-Prociak J, Banach M. Inorganic Nanomaterials Used in Anti-Cancer Therapies:Further Developments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13061130. [PMID: 36986024 PMCID: PMC10051539 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we provide an overview of the progress of scientists working to improve the quality of life of cancer patients. Among the known methods, cancer treatment methods focusing on the synergistic action of nanoparticles and nanocomposites have been proposed and described. The application of composite systems will allow precise delivery of therapeutic agents to cancer cells without systemic toxicity. The nanosystems described could be used as a high-efficiency photothermal therapy system by exploiting the properties of the individual nanoparticle components, including their magnetic, photothermal, complex, and bioactive properties. By combining the advantages of the individual components, it is possible to obtain a product that would be effective in cancer treatment. The use of nanomaterials to produce both drug carriers and those active substances with a direct anti-cancer effect has been extensively discussed. In this section, attention is paid to metallic nanoparticles, metal oxides, magnetic nanoparticles, and others. The use of complex compounds in biomedicine is also described. A group of compounds showing significant potential in anti-cancer therapies are natural compounds, which have also been discussed.
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15
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Sharma VK, Assaraf YG, Gross Z. Hallmarks of anticancer and antimicrobial activities of corroles. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100931. [PMID: 36739808 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2023.100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Corroles provide a remarkable opportunity for the development of cancer theranostic agents among other porphyrinoids. While most transition metal corrole complexes are only therapeutic, post-transition metallocorroles also find their applications in bioimaging. Moreover, corroles exhibit excellent photo-physicochemical properties, which can be harnessed for antitumor and antimicrobial interventions. Nevertheless, these intriguing, yet distinct properties of corroles, have not attained sufficient momentum in cancer research. The current review provides a comprehensive summary of various cancer-relevant features of corroles ranging from their structural and photophysical properties, chelation, protein/corrole interactions, to DNA intercalation. Another aspect of the paper deals with the studies of corroles conducted in vitro and in vivo with an emphasis on medical imaging (optical and magnetic resonance), photo/sonodynamic therapies, and photodynamic inactivation. Special attention is also given to a most recent finding that shows the development of pH-responsive phosphorus corrole as a potent antitumor drug for organelle selective antitumor cytotoxicity in preclinical studies. Another biomedical application of corroles is also highlighted, signifying the application of water-soluble and completely lipophilic corroles in the photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms. We strongly believe that future studies will offer a greater possibility of utilizing advanced corroles for selective tumor targeting and antitumor cytotoxicity. In the line with future developments, an ideal pipeline is envisioned on grounds of cancer targeting nanoparticle systems upon decoration with tumor-specific ligands. Hence, we envision that a bright future lies ahead of corrole anticancer research and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay K Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Zeev Gross
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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16
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Moreno-Alcántar G, Picchetti P, Casini A. Gold Complexes in Anticancer Therapy: From New Design Principles to Particle-Based Delivery Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202218000. [PMID: 36847211 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202218000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the medicinal properties of gold complexes has fuelled the design and synthesis of new anticancer metallodrugs, which have received special attention due to their unique modes of action. Current research in the development of gold compounds with therapeutic properties is predominantly focused on the molecular design of drug leads with superior pharmacological activities, e.g., by introducing targeting features. Moreover, intensive research aims at improving the physicochemical properties of gold compounds, such as chemical stability and solubility in the physiological environment. In this regard, the encapsulation of gold compounds in nanocarriers or their chemical grafting onto targeted delivery vectors could lead to new nanomedicines that eventually reach clinical applications. Herein, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art progress of gold anticancer compounds, andmore importantly we thoroughly revise the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems for gold chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
| | - Pierre Picchetti
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching b. München, Germany
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17
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Mock MB, Summers RM. Mixed culture biocatalytic production of the high-value biochemical 7-methylxanthine. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:2. [PMID: 36627657 PMCID: PMC9830774 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-022-00316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 7-Methylxanthine, a derivative of caffeine noted for its lack of toxicity and ability to treat and even prevent myopia progression, is a high-value biochemical with limited natural availability. Attempts to produce 7-methylxanthine through purely chemical methods of synthesis are faced with complicated chemical processes and/or the requirement of a variety of hazardous chemicals, resulting in low yields and racemic mixtures of products. In recent years, we have developed engineered microbial cells to produce several methylxanthines, including 3-methylxanthine, theobromine, and paraxanthine. The purpose of this study is to establish a more efficient biosynthetic process for the production of 7-methylxanthine from caffeine. RESULTS Here, we describe the use of a mixed-culture system composed of Escherichia coli strains engineered as caffeine and theobromine "specialist" cells. Optimal reaction conditions for the maximal conversion of caffeine to 7-methylxanthine were determined to be equal concentrations of caffeine and theobromine specialist cells at an optical density (600 nm) of 50 reacted with 2.5 mM caffeine for 5 h. When scaled-up to 560 mL, the simple biocatalytic reaction produced 183.81 mg 7-methylxanthine from 238.38 mg caffeine under ambient conditions, an 85.6% molar conversion. Following HPLC purification and solvent evaporation, 153.3 mg of dried 7-methylxanthine powder was collected, resulting in an 83.4% product recovery. CONCLUSION We present the first report of a biocatalytic process designed specifically for the production and purification of the high-value biochemical 7-methylxanthine from caffeine using a mixed culture of E. coli strains. This process constitutes the most efficient method for the production of 7-methylxanthine from caffeine to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith B. Mock
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, 35487 Tuscaloosa, AL USA
| | - Ryan M. Summers
- grid.411015.00000 0001 0727 7545Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Alabama, 35487 Tuscaloosa, AL USA
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18
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Zegers J, Peters M, Albada B. DNA G-quadruplex-stabilizing metal complexes as anticancer drugs. J Biol Inorg Chem 2023; 28:117-138. [PMID: 36456886 PMCID: PMC9981530 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Guanine quadruplexes (G4s) are important targets for cancer treatments as their stabilization has been associated with a reduction of telomere ends or a lower oncogene expression. Although less abundant than purely organic ligands, metal complexes have shown remarkable abilities to stabilize G4s, and a wide variety of techniques have been used to characterize the interaction between ligands and G4s. However, improper alignment between the large variety of experimental techniques and biological activities can lead to improper identification of top candidates, which hampers progress of this important class of G4 stabilizers. To address this, we first review the different techniques for their strengths and weaknesses to determine the interaction of the complexes with G4s, and provide a checklist to guide future developments towards comparable data. Then, we surveyed 74 metal-based ligands for G4s that have been characterized to the in vitro level. Of these complexes, we assessed which methods were used to characterize their G4-stabilizing capacity, their selectivity for G4s over double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and how this correlated to bioactivity data. For the biological activity data, we compared activities of the G4-stabilizing metal complexes with that of cisplatin. Lastly, we formulated guidelines for future studies on G4-stabilizing metal complexes to further enable maturation of this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaccoline Zegers
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Peters
- grid.4818.50000 0001 0791 5666Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bauke Albada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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19
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New Au(III)- and Fe(III)-based complexes of bio-pharmacological interest: DFT and in silico studies. Theor Chem Acc 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02940-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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20
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Kaußler C, Wragg D, Schmidt C, Moreno-Alcántar G, Jandl C, Stephan J, Fischer RA, Leoni S, Casini A, Bonsignore R. "Dynamical Docking" of Cyclic Dinuclear Au(I) Bis-N-heterocyclic Complexes Facilitates Their Binding to G-Quadruplexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20405-20423. [PMID: 36484812 PMCID: PMC9953335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to improve the design of metal complexes as stabilizers of noncanonical DNA secondary structures, namely, G-quadruplexes (G4s), a series of cyclic dinuclear Au(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes based on xanthine and benzimidazole ligands has been synthesized and characterized by various methods, including X-ray diffraction. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and CD DNA melting assays unraveled the compounds' stabilization properties toward G4s of different topologies of physiological relevance. Initial structure-activity relationships have been identified and recognize the family of xanthine derivatives as those more selective toward G4s versus duplex DNA. The binding modes and free-energy landscape of the most active xanthine derivative (featuring a propyl linker) with the promoter sequence cKIT1 have been studied by metadynamics. The atomistic simulations evidenced that the Au(I) compound interacts noncovalently with the top G4 tetrad. The theoretical results on the Au(I) complex/DNA Gibbs free energy of binding were experimentally validated by FRET DNA melting assays. The compounds have also been tested for their antiproliferative properties in human cancer cells in vitro, showing generally moderate activity. This study provides further insights into the biological activity of Au(I) organometallics acting via noncovalent interactions and underlines their promise for tunable targeted applications by appropriate chemical modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Kaußler
- Chair
of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Darren Wragg
- Chair
of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Chair
of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Alcántar
- Chair
of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis
Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Johannes Stephan
- Catalysis
Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Catalysis
Research Center & Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany,Chair
of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Str. 1, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany
| | - Stefano Leoni
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, CardiffCF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair
of Medicinal and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching b. MünchenD-85748, Germany,
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Dipartimento
di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 17, Palermo90128, Italy,
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21
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Paciotti R, Coletti C, Marrone A, Re N. The FMO2 analysis of the ligand-receptor binding energy: the Biscarbene-Gold(I)/DNA G-Quadruplex case study. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2022; 36:851-866. [PMID: 36318393 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-022-00484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the ab initio fragment molecular orbital (FMO) method was applied to calculate and analyze the binding energy of two biscarbene-Au(I) derivatives, [Au(9-methylcaffein-8-ylidene)2]+ and [Au(1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene)2]+, to the DNA G-Quadruplex structure. The FMO2 binding energy considers the ligand-receptor complex as well as the isolated forms of energy-minimum state of ligand and receptor, providing a better description of ligand-receptor affinity compared with simple pair interaction energies (PIE). Our results highlight important features of the binding process of biscarbene-Au(I) derivatives to DNA G-Quadruplex, indicating that the total deformation-polarization energy and desolvation penalty of the ligands are the main terms destabilizing the binding. The pair interaction energy decomposition analysis (PIEDA) between ligand and nucleobases suggest that the main interaction terms are electrostatic and charge-transfer energies supporting the hypothesis that Au(I) ion can be involved in π-cation interactions further stabilizing the ligand-receptor complex. Moreover, the presence of polar groups on the carbene ring, as C = O, can improve the charge-transfer interaction with K+ ion. These findings can be employed to design new powerful biscarbene-Au(I) DNA-G quadruplex binders as promising anticancer drugs. The procedure described in this work can be applied to investigate any ligand-receptor system and is particularly useful when the binding process is strongly characterized by polarization, charge-transfer and dispersion interactions, properly evaluated by ab initio methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Paciotti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Coletti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Marrone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Re
- Department of Pharmacy, Università "G. D'Annunzio" Di Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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22
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Marín-Carrillo E, Valdés H, Hernández-Ortega S, Morales-Morales D. Novel Hybrid Phosphinite-Theophylline Ligands and their Pd(II) Complexes. Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Evaluation in Suzuki-Miyaura Couplings. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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23
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Oxidative addition of 8-bromo-9-ethyl-1,N6-ethenoadenine to d10 metals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Mazars F, Zaragoza G, Delaude L. Caffeine and theophylline as sustainable, biosourced NHC ligand precursors for efficient palladium-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Sulaiman AAA, Casagrande N, Borghese C, Corona G, Isab AA, Ahmad S, Aldinucci D, Altaf M. Design, Synthesis, and Preclinical Activity in Ovarian Cancer Models of New Phosphanegold(I)-N-heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. J Med Chem 2022; 65:14424-14440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam A. A. Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naike Casagrande
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Cinzia Borghese
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Corona
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Anvarhusein A. Isab
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Humanities, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Donatella Aldinucci
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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26
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Rahman MM, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Pd-PEPPSI N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes from Caffeine: Application in Suzuki, Heck, and Sonogashira Reactions. Organometallics 2022; 41:2281-2290. [PMID: 38031591 PMCID: PMC10686539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first synthesis of Pd-PEPPSI N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from the abundant and renewable natural product caffeine is reported. The catalysts bearing 3-chloro-pyridine, pyridine and N-methylimidazole ancillary ligands were readily prepared from the corresponding N9-Me caffeine imidazolium salt by direct deprotonation and coordination to PdX2 in the presence of N-heterocycles or by ligand displacement of PdX2(Het)2. The model Pd-PEPPSI-caffeine complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The complexes were successfully employed in the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides, Suzuki cross-coupling of amides, Heck cross-coupling and Sonogashira cross-coupling. Computational studies were employed to determine frontier molecular orbitals and bond order analysis of caffeine derived Pd-PEPPSI complexes. This class of catalysts offers an entry to utilize benign and sustainable biomass-derived Xanthine NHC ligands in the popular Pd-PEPPSI systems in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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27
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Quintana M, Rodriguez-Rius A, Vellé A, Vives S, Sanz Miguel PJ, Triola G. Dinuclear silver and gold bisNHC complexes as drug candidates for cancer therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 67:116814. [PMID: 35598528 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report four dinuclear silver(I) and gold(I) complexes containing two different bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (bisNHC). One of these complexes 4, shows strong and selective anticancer activity against the human ovarian cancer cell line A2780. Mechanistically, 4 enhances the oxidative stress by stimulating reactive oxygen species production and inhibiting the scavenging activity of thioredoxin reductase. Our findings provide evidence that tuning ligand and electronic properties of metal-NHC complexes can modulate their reactivity and selectivity and it may result in potential novel anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Quintana
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Rius
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alba Vellé
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Vives
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo J Sanz Miguel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Gemma Triola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Instituto de Química Avanzada de Cataluña (IQAC), CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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28
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Zhang J, Rahman M, Zhao Q, Feliciano J, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Nickel(II) from Caffeine and Theophylline: Sustainable Alternative to Imidazol-2-ylidenes. Organometallics 2022; 41:1806-1815. [PMID: 36213557 PMCID: PMC9534456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Xanthines, such as caffeine and theophylline, are abundant natural products that are often present in foods. Leveraging renewable and benign resources for ligand design in organometallic chemistry and catalysis is one of the major missions of green and sustainable chemistry. In this Special Issue on Sustainable Organometallic Chemistry, we report the first nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes derived from Xanthines. Well-defined, air- and moisture-stable, half-sandwich, cyclopentadienyl [CpNi(NHC)I] nickel-NHC complexes are prepared from the natural products caffeine and theophylline. The model complex has been characterized by x-ray crystallography. The evaluation of steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties is presented. High activity in the model Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling is demonstrated. The data show that nickel-N-heterocyclic carbenes derived from both Earth abundant 3d transition metal and renewable natural products represent a sustainable alternative to the classical imidazol-2-ylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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29
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Bysewski O, Winter A, Liebing P, Schubert US. Noble Metal Complexes of a Bis-Caffeine Containing NHC Ligand. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134316. [PMID: 35807559 PMCID: PMC9268361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have seen more and more use over the years. The go-to systems that are usually considered are derivatives of benzimidazole or imidazole. Caffeine possesses an imidazole unit and was already utilized as a carbene-type ligand; however, its use within a tridentate bis-NHC system has—to the best of our knowledge—not been reported so far. The synthesis of the ligand is straightforward and metal complexes are readily available via silver-salt metathesis. A platinum(II) and a palladium(II) complex were isolated and a crystal structure of the former was examined. For the Pt(II) complex, luminescence is observed in solid state as well as in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bysewski
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Winter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Phil Liebing
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry (IAAC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; (O.B.); (A.W.)
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence:
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30
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Synthesis of Cu(II)-Caffeine Complex as Potential Therapeutic Agent: Studies on Antioxidant, Anticancer and Pharmacological Activities. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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31
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Tialiou A, Chin J, Keppler BK, Reithofer MR. Current Developments of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Au(I)/Au(III) Complexes toward Cancer Treatment. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061417. [PMID: 35740438 PMCID: PMC9219884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their first discovery, N-heterocyclic carbenes have had a significant impact on organometallic chemistry. Due to their nature as strong σ-donor and π-acceptor ligands, they are exceptionally well suited to stabilize Au(I) and Au(III) complexes in biological environments. Over the last decade, the development of rationally designed NHCAu(I/III) complexes to specifically target DNA has led to a new “gold rush” in bioinorganic chemistry. This review aims to summarize the latest advances of NHCAu(I/III) complexes that are able to interact with DNA. Furthermore, the latest advancements on acyclic diamino carbene gold complexes with anticancer activity are presented as these typically overlooked NHC alternatives offer great additional design possibilities in the toolbox of carbene-stabilized gold complexes for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Tialiou
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jiamin Chin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry—Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.R.R.)
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael R. Reithofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.T.); (B.K.K.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (M.R.R.)
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32
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Lu Y, Ma X, Chang X, Liang Z, Lv L, Shan M, Lu Q, Wen Z, Gust R, Liu W. Recent development of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes as therapeutic agents for cancer diseases. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5518-5556. [PMID: 35699475 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00933h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal complexes have demonstrated significant antitumor activities and platinum complexes are well established in the clinical application of cancer chemotherapy. However, the platinum-based treatment of different types of cancers is massively hampered by severe side effects and resistance development. Consequently, the development of novel metal-based drugs with different mechanism of action and pharmaceutical profile attracts modern medicinal chemists to design and synthesize novel metal-based agents. Among non-platinum anticancer drugs, gold complexes have gained considerable attention due to their significant antiproliferative potency and efficacy. In most situations, the gold complexes exhibit anticancer activities by targeting thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) or other thiol-rich proteins and enzymes and trigger cell death via reactive oxygen species (ROS). Interestingly, gold complexes were recently reported to elicit biochemical hallmarks of immunogenic cell death (ICD) as an ICD inducer. In this review, the recent progress of gold(I) and gold(III) complexes is comprehensively summarized, and their activities and mechanism of action are documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xingyu Chang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Lin Lv
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Min Shan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Zhenfan Wen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wukun Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China. .,State key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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33
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Aoki K, Salam MA, Hu NH, Murayama K. Crystal structure of [Rh2(μ-OAc)2(μ-HNOCCF3)2(theophylline)2]·6H2O. Metal bonding to theophylline at the unexpected N(9) site due to the crystal packing effect and a review on intra-molecular interligand interactions affecting metal bonding properties of theophylline. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.132292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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34
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Mattioni JV, Franciscato DS, Sihn LM, Toma HE. Analytical determination of gold ions based on ranelate induced nanoparticle formation. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1698-1704. [PMID: 35421891 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A ranelate ion, an old antiosteoporotic drug, readily reacts with gold(III) ions generating stable gold nanoparticles (AuNP@Ran). The reaction proceeds rapidly under green conditions and is specific for gold ions at room temperature. Their characteristic color associated with the plasmonic resonance effects allows its use in colorimetric/spectrophotometric analysis, as well as in spot test assays. In addition to the color changes, the gold nanoparticles exhibit surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), providing another interesting route for the analytical detection of gold ions. Because of the great simplicity, the ranelate method can be very convenient for monitoring gold ions, especially in metal extraction and hydrometallurgical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Mattioni
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Douglas Santana Franciscato
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Luca Michael Sihn
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Henrique Eisi Toma
- Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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35
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Francescato G, Silva SM, Leitão MIPS, Cordeiro C, Giannopoulos N, Gomes CSB, Pimentel C, Petronilho A. Nickel N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes based on Xanthines: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity on
Candida sp
. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Francescato
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Sofia Marques Silva
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | | | - Carolina Cordeiro
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Nikolaos Giannopoulos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- LAQV‐REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa Caparica Portugal
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Pimentel
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
| | - Ana Petronilho
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Avd Republica Oeiras Portugal
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36
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Banerjee S, Banerjee S. Metal-Based Complexes as Potential Anti-cancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2684-2707. [PMID: 35362388 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220331085144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Metal based therapy is no new in biomedical research. In early days the biggest limitation was the inequality among therapeutical and toxicological dosages. Ever since, Barnett Rosenberg discovered cisplatin, a new era has begun to treat cancer with metal complexes. Platinum complexes such as oxaliplatin, cisplatin, and carboplatin, seem to be the foundation of metal/s-based components to challenge malignancies. With an advancement in the biomolemoecular mechanism, researchers have started developing non-classical platinum-based complexes, where a different mechanistic approach of the complexes is observed towards the biomolecular target. Till date, larger number of metal/s-based complexes was synthesized by overhauling the present structures chemically by substituting the ligand or preparing the whole novel component with improved cytotoxic and safety profiles. Howsoever, due to elevated accentuation upon the therapeutic importance of metal/s-based components, a couple of those agents are at present on clinical trials and several other are in anticipating regulatory endorsement to enter the trial. This literature highlights the detailed heterometallic multinuclear components, primarily focusing on platinum, ruthenium, gold and remarks on possible stability, synergism, mechanistic studies and structure activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabyasachi Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Gupta College of Technological Sciences, Ashram More, G.T. Road, Asansol-713301, West Bengal, India
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37
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Türker D, Üstün E, Günal S, Yıldız H, D Düşünceli S, Özdemir İ. Cyanopropyl functionalized benzimidazolium salts and their silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and theoretical analysis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200041. [PMID: 35352839 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of N-substituted benzimidazole with 4-bromobutyronitrile gives the corresponding benzimidazolium salts as N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors. Silver(I) carbene complexes are synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding benzimidazolium salts with Ag2 O in dichloromethane. These new NHC precursors and Ag-NHC complexes were characterized by spectroscopy techniques and also screened for their antibacterial activities against the standard bacterial strains Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, and the standard fungal strains Candida albicans and Candida glabrata, and promising results were achieved. The compounds were also analyzed by density functional theory (DFT)/time-dependent DFT and docking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Türker
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Elvan Üstün
- Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Ordu University, Ordu, Turkey
| | - Selami Günal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yıldız
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İnonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serpil D Düşünceli
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özdemir
- Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis Research and Application Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.,Drug Application and Research Center, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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38
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Rousselle B, Massot A, Privat M, Dondaine L, Trommenschlager A, Bouyer F, Bayardon J, Ghiringhelli F, Bettaieb A, Goze C, Paul C, Malacea-Kabbara R, Bodio E. Conception and evaluation of fluorescent phosphine-gold complexes: from synthesis to in vivo investigations. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100773. [PMID: 35254001 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A phosphine gold(I) and phosphine-phosphonium gold(I) complexes bearing a fluorescent coumarin moiety were synthesized and characterized. Both complexes displayed interesting photophysical properties: good molar absorption coefficient, good quantum yield of fluorescence, and ability to be tracked in vitro thanks to two-photon imaging. Their in vitro and in vivo biological properties were evaluated onto cancer cell lines both human and murine and into CT26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice. They displayed moderate to strong antiproliferative properties and the phosphine-phosphonium gold(I) complex induced significant in vivo anti-cancer effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rousselle
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, ICMUB, FRANCE
| | - Aurélie Massot
- EPHE PSL: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, LIIC, FRANCE
| | - Malorie Privat
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, ICMUB and LIIC, FRANCE
| | - Lucile Dondaine
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, ICMUB and LIIC, FRANCE
| | | | - Florence Bouyer
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, INSERM 1231, FRANCE
| | - Jérôme Bayardon
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, ICMUB, FRANCE
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, INSERM UMR 1231, FRANCE
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- EPHE PSL: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, LIIC, FRANCE
| | - Christine Goze
- Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté: Universite Bourgogne Franche-Comte, ICMUB, FRANCE
| | - Catherine Paul
- EPHE PSL: Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, LIIC, FRANCE
| | | | - Ewen Bodio
- Burgundy University, Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de l'Universite de Bourgogne - UMR CNRS 6302, 9 avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon, FRANCE
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Goetzfried SK, Kapitza P, Gallati CM, Nindl A, Cziferszky M, Hermann M, Wurst K, Kircher B, Gust R. Investigations of the reactivity, stability and biological activity of halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:1395-1406. [PMID: 34989741 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The significance of the halido ligand (Cl-, Br-, I-) in halido[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complexes (2-4) in terms of ligand exchange reactions, including the ligand scrambling to the bis[3-ethyl-4-phenyl-5-(2-methoxypyridin-5-yl)-1-propyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazol-2-ylidene]gold(I) complex (5), was evaluated by HPLC in acetonitrile/water = 50:50 (v/v) mixtures. In the presence of 0.9% NaCl, the bromido (NHC)gold(I) complex 3 was immediately transformed into the chlorido (NHC)gold(I) complex 2. The iodido (NHC)gold(I) complex 4 converted under the same conditions during 0.5 h of incubation by 52.83% to 2 and by 8.77% to 5. This proportion remained nearly constant for 72 h. The halido (NHC)gold(I) complexes also reacted very rapidly with 1 eq. of model nucleophiles, e.g., iodide or selenocysteine (Sec). For instance, Sec transformed 3 in the proportion 73.03% to the (NHC)Au(I)Sec complex during 5 min of incubation. This high reactivity against this amino acid, present in the active site of the thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), correlates with the complete inhibition of the isolated TrxR enzyme at 1 μM. Interestingly, in cellular systems (A2780cis cells), even at a 5-fold higher concentration, no increased ROS levels were detected. The concentration required for ROS generation was about 20 μM. Superficially considered, the antiproliferative and antimetabolic activities of the halido (NHC)Au(I) complexes correlate with the reactivity of the Au(I)-X bond (2 < 3 < 4). However, it is very likely that degradation products formed during the incubation in cell culture medium participated in the biological activity. In particular, the high-cytotoxic [(NHC)2Au(I)]+ complex (5) distorts the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Katharina Goetzfried
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Kapitza
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Caroline Marie Gallati
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Nindl
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Monika Cziferszky
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute for General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V (Hematology and Oncology), Medical University Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innrain 66, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ronald Gust
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Annunziata A, Ferraro G, Cucciolito ME, Imbimbo P, Tuzi A, Monti DM, Merlino A, Ruffo F. Halo complexes of gold( i) containing glycoconjugate carbene ligands: synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity and interaction with proteins and DNA model systems. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10475-10485. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00423b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New neutral Au(i) glycoconjugate carbene complexes show stability in aqueous solutions and interact with both DNA and protein model systems. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrate that the activity depends on the halide ancillary ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Annunziata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Giarita Ferraro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cucciolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Imbimbo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Tuzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Monti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Antonello Merlino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Ruffo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia 21, 80126, Napoli, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126, Bari, Italy
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41
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Nakka KK, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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42
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van der Westhuizen D, Bezuidenhout DI, Munro OQ. Cancer molecular biology and strategies for the design of cytotoxic gold(I) and gold(III) complexes: a tutorial review. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:17413-17437. [PMID: 34693422 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This tutorial review highlights key principles underpinning the design of selected metallodrugs to target specific biological macromolecules (DNA and proteins). The review commences with a descriptive overview of the eukaryotic cell cycle and the molecular biology of cancer, particularly apoptosis, which is provided as a necessary foundation for the discovery, design, and targeting of metal-based anticancer agents. Drugs which target DNA have been highlighted and clinically approved metallodrugs discussed. A brief history of the development of mainly gold-based metallodrugs is presented prior to addressing ligand systems for stabilizing and adding functionality to bio-active gold(I) and gold(III) complexes, particularly in the burgeoning field of anticancer metallodrugs. Concepts such as multi-modal and selective cytotoxic agents are covered where necessary for selected compounds. The emerging role of carbenes as the ligand system of choice to achieve these goals for gold-based metallodrug candidates is highlighted prior to closing the review with comments on some future directions that this research field might follow. The latter section ultimately emphasizes the importance of understanding the fate of metal complexes in cells to garner key mechanistic insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle van der Westhuizen
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
| | - Daniela I Bezuidenhout
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, University of Oulu, P. O. Box 3000, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
| | - Orde Q Munro
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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Chakraborty P, Oosterhuis D, Bonsignore R, Casini A, Olinga P, Scheffers D. An Organogold Compound as Potential Antimicrobial Agent against Drug-Resistant Bacteria: Initial Mechanistic Insights. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3060-3070. [PMID: 34181818 PMCID: PMC8518660 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated novel strategies to efficiently combat pathogenic bacteria. Metal-based compounds have been proven as a possible alternative to classical organic drugs. Here, we have assessed the antibacterial activity of seven gold complexes of different families. One compound, a cyclometalated Au(III) C^N complex, showed activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including multi-drug resistant clinical strains. The mechanism of action of this compound was studied in Bacillus subtilis. Overall, the studies point towards a complex mode of antibacterial action, which does not include induction of oxidative stress or cell membrane damage. A number of genes related to metal transport and homeostasis were upregulated upon short treatment of the cells with gold compound. Toxicity tests conducted on precision-cut mouse tissue slices ex vivo revealed that the organogold compound is poorly toxic to mouse liver and kidney tissues, and may thus, be treated as an antibacterial drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parichita Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dorenda Oosterhuis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Bonsignore
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Angela Casini
- Chair of Medicinal and Bioinorganic ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryTechnical University of MunichLichtenbergstr. 485748Garching b. MünchenGermany
| | - Peter Olinga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and BiopharmacyGroningen Research Institute of PharmacyUniversity of Groningen9713AVGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dirk‐Jan Scheffers
- Department of Molecular MicrobiologyGroningen Institute for Biomolecular Sciences and BiotechnologyUniversity of Groningen9747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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44
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Di Matteo P, Bortolami M, Feroci M, Scarano V, Petrucci R. Electrochemical Transformations of Methylxanthines in Non‐Aqueous Medium. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Matteo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment Sapienza University of Rome Via Eudossiana 18 00184 Rome Italy
| | - Martina Bortolami
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Marta Feroci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Vincenzo Scarano
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
| | - Rita Petrucci
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Via del Castro Laurenziano 7 00161 Rome Italy
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45
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Brosey CA, Houl JH, Katsonis P, Balapiti-Modarage LPF, Bommagani S, Arvai A, Moiani D, Bacolla A, Link T, Warden LS, Lichtarge O, Jones DE, Ahmed Z, Tainer JA. Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Nsp3 macrodomain structure with insights from human poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) structures with inhibitors. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 163:171-186. [PMID: 33636189 PMCID: PMC7901392 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arrival of the novel SARS-CoV-2 has launched a worldwide effort to identify both pre-approved and novel therapeutics targeting the viral proteome, highlighting the urgent need for efficient drug discovery strategies. Even with effective vaccines, infection is possible, and at-risk populations would benefit from effective drug compounds that reduce the lethality and lasting damage of COVID-19 infection. The CoV-2 MacroD-like macrodomain (Mac1) is implicated in viral pathogenicity by disrupting host innate immunity through its mono (ADP-ribosyl) hydrolase activity, making it a prime target for antiviral therapy. We therefore solved the structure of CoV-2 Mac1 from non-structural protein 3 (Nsp3) and applied structural and sequence-based genetic tracing, including newly determined A. pompejana MacroD2 and GDAP2 amino acid sequences, to compare and contrast CoV-2 Mac1 with the functionally related human DNA-damage signaling factor poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Previously, identified targetable features of the PARG active site allowed us to develop a pharmacologically useful PARG inhibitor (PARGi). Here, we developed a focused chemical library and determined 6 novel PARGi X-ray crystal structures for comparative analysis. We applied this knowledge to discovery of CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors by combining computation and structural analysis to identify PARGi fragments with potential to bind the distal-ribose and adenosyl pockets of the CoV-2 Mac1 active site. Scaffold development of these PARGi fragments has yielded two novel compounds, PARG-345 and PARG-329, that crystallize within the Mac1 active site, providing critical structure-activity data and a pathway for inhibitor optimization. The reported structural findings demonstrate ways to harness our PARGi synthesis and characterization pipeline to develop CoV-2 Mac1 inhibitors targeting the ADP-ribose active site. Together, these structural and computational analyses reveal a path for accelerating development of antiviral therapeutics from pre-existing drug optimization pipelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris A Brosey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jerry H Houl
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Panagiotis Katsonis
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Shobanbabu Bommagani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Andy Arvai
- Integrative Structural & Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Davide Moiani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Todd Link
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Leslie S Warden
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Darin E Jones
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John A Tainer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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47
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Facile N9-Alkylation of Xanthine Derivatives and Their Use as Precursors for N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123705. [PMID: 34204439 PMCID: PMC8234118 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The xanthine-derivatives 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, 1,3-dimethyl-7-benzylxanthine and 1,3-dimethyl-7-(4-chlorobenzyl)xanthine are readily ethylated at N9 using the cheap alkylating agents ethyl tosylate or diethyl sulfate. The resulting xanthinium tosylate or ethyl sulfate salts can be converted into the corresponding PF6- and chloride salts. The reaction of these xanthinium salts with silver(I) oxide results in the formation of different silver(I) carbene-complexes. In the presence of ammonia, ammine complexes [Ag(NHC)(NH3)]PF6 are formed, whilst with Et2NH, the bis(carbene) salts [Ag(NHC)2]PF6 were isolated. Using the xanthinium chloride salts neutral silver(I) carbenes [Ag(NHC)Cl] were prepared. These silver complexes were used in a variety of transmetallation reactions to give the corresponding gold(I), ruthenium(II) as well as rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) complexes. The compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods as well as X-ray diffraction.
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Evans A, Kavanagh KA. Evaluation of metal-based antimicrobial compounds for the treatment of bacterial pathogens. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70:001363. [PMID: 33961541 PMCID: PMC8289199 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest global health challenges of modern times and its prevalence is rising worldwide. AMR within bacteria reduces the efficacy of antibiotics and increases both the morbidity and the mortality associated with bacterial infections. Despite this growing risk, few antibiotics with a novel mode of action are being produced, leading to a lack of antibiotics that can effectively treat bacterial infections with AMR. Metals have a history of antibacterial use but upon the discovery of antibiotics, often became overlooked as antibacterial agents. Meanwhile, metal-based complexes have been used as treatments for other diseases, such as the gold-containing drug auranofin, used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Metal-based antibacterial compounds have novel modes of action that provide an advantage for the treatment of bacterial infections with resistance to conventional antibiotics. In this review, the antibacterial activity, mode of action, and potential for systemic use of a number of metal-based antibacterial complexes are discussed. The current limitations of these compounds are highlighted to determine if metal-based agents are a potential solution for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially those resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andris Evans
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kevin A. Kavanagh
- SSPC Pharma Research Centre, Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Rana BK, Roymahapatra G, Das HS, Giri S, Cardoso MH, Franco OL, Kiran N, Santra MK, Bag PP, Bertolasi V, Dinda J. Pyridine and pyrimidine functionalized half-sandwich Ru(II)-N heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis, structures, spectra, electrochemistry and biological studies. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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50
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Rufino-Felipe E, Colorado-Peralta R, Reyes-Márquez V, Valdés H, Morales-Morales D. Fluorinated-NHC Transition Metal Complexes: Leading Characters as Potential Anticancer Metallodrugs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:938-948. [PMID: 32900353 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200908103452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) ligands have been ubiquitous in biological and medicinal chemistry. Part of their success lies in the tremendous number of topologies that can be synthesized and thus finely tuned that have been described so far. This is particularly true in the case of those derivatives, including fluorine or fluorinated fragments on their NHC moieties, gaining much attention due to their enhanced biological properties and turning them into excellent candidates for the development of novel metallodrugs. Thus, this review summarizes the development that fluorinated-NHC transition metal complexes have had and their impact on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Rufino-Felipe
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - Raúl Colorado-Peralta
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Oriente 6 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, C.P. 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Viviana Reyes-Márquez
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimico-Biologicas, Universidad de Sonora, Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n. CP 83000. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Hugo Valdés
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
| | - David Morales-Morales
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P. 04510, Mexico
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