1
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Shi T, Hu W. Asymmetric Carbene Transfer: Enhancing Chemical Diversity for Drug Discovery. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400971. [PMID: 38735847 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The quest to explore chemical space is vital for identifying novel disease targets, impacting both the effectiveness and safety profile of therapeutic agents. The tangible chemical space, currently estimated at a conservative 108 synthesized compounds, pales in comparison to the theoretically conceivable diversity of 1060 molecules. To bridge this vast gap, organic chemists are spearheading innovative methodologies that promise to broaden this limited chemical diversity. A beacon of this progressive wave is Asymmetric Carbene Transfer (ACT), a burgeoning strategy that significantly boosts molecular diversity with efficient bond-formation and precise chiral control. This review focuses on the capabilities of ACT in creating pharmaceutically significant molecules, encompassing an array of natural products and bioactive compounds. Through the lens of ACT, we discern its substantial influence on drug discovery, paving the way for novel therapeutic avenues by expanding the boundaries of molecular diversity. This review will shed light on prospective methodological developments of ACT and articulate their conceivable contributions to the medicinal chemistry arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China, 510006
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education", Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education", Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
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2
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Faltracco M, Ruijter E. Synthesis of tetracyclic spiroindolines by an interrupted Bischler-Napieralski reaction: total synthesis of akuammicine. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9641-9644. [PMID: 34724022 PMCID: PMC8600370 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01966j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Judicious substrate design allows interruption of the classical Bischler–Napieralski reaction, providing access to a range of diversely substituted tetracyclic spiroindolines. These complex polycyclic scaffolds are valuable building blocks for the construction of indole alkaloids, as showcased in a concise total synthesis of (±)-akuammicine. The interrupted Bischler–Napieralski reaction of β,γ-unsaturated tryptamides affords tetracyclic spiro pyrroloindolines, which can be used in the total synthesis of the Strychnos alkaloid, akuammicine.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Faltracco
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Abstract
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A nonthermodynamic array of four skipped methylene substituents on the hydrophobic tail
renders limaol, a C40-polyketide of marine origin, unique in structural terms. This
conspicuous segment was assembled by a two-directional approach and finally coupled to
the polyether domain by an allyl/alkenyl Stille reaction under neutral conditions. The
core region itself was prepared via a 3,3′-dibromo-BINOL-catalyzed asymmetric
propargylation, a gold-catalyzed spirocyclization, and introduction of the southern
sector via substrate-controlled allylation as the key steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan N Hess
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Xiaobin Mo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Conny Wirtz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
| | - Alois Fürstner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, 45470 Mülheim/Ruhr, Germany
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4
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Abstract
Total syntheses of biologically and structurally fascinating sesterterpenoids published between Jan. 2012 and Jan. 2018 are summarized and discussed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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5
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Acharyya RK, Nanda S. Asymmetric total synthesis of naturally occurring spirocyclic tetranorsesquiterpenoid lanceolactone A. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5027-5035. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of naturally occurring γ-butenolide containing [4.4]spiro-tetrahydrofuran lanceolactone A has been reported in this present work. Bimetallic (“Pd–Cu”) cascade cyclization was the crucial reaction employed for the construction of the γ-butenolide framework of the natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samik Nanda
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur
- India
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Seewon Joung
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rira Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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7
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Gupta A, Kholiya R, Rawat DS. BF3
⋅OEt2
-Mediated Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted-Tetrahydrofuran via [3+2] Cycloaddition Reaction of 2-Arylcyclopropyl Ketones with Aldehydes. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gupta
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Rohit Kholiya
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
| | - Diwan S. Rawat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007 India
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8
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Gil A, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Role of the Nozaki–Hiyama–Takai–Kishi Reaction in the Synthesis of Natural Products. Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gil
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Albericio
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- University of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, 4001, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mercedes Álvarez
- ChemBio Lab, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN,
Networking
Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Li M, Guo X, Zheng Q, Hu W, Liu S. Enantioselective Multicomponent Reaction for Rapid Construction of 1,2,5-Triol Derivatives with Vicinal Chiral Centers. J Org Chem 2017; 82:5212-5221. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Li
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qing Zheng
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shunying Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research
Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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10
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Welford AJ, Caldwell JJ, Liu M, Richards M, Brown N, Lomas C, Tizzard GJ, Pitak MB, Coles SJ, Eccles SA, Raynaud FI, Collins I. Synthesis and Evaluation of a 2,11-Cembranoid-Inspired Library. Chemistry 2016; 22:5657-64. [PMID: 26929153 PMCID: PMC4869678 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The 2,11-cembranoid family of natural products has been used as inspiration for the synthesis of a structurally simplified, functionally diverse library of octahydroisobenzofuran-based compounds designed to augment a typical medicinal chemistry library screen. Ring-closing metathesis, lactonisation and SmI2 -mediated methods were exemplified and applied to the installation of a third ring to mimic the nine-membered ring of the 2,11-cembranoids. The library was assessed for aqueous solubility and permeability, with a chemical-space analysis performed for comparison to the family of cembranoid natural products and a sample set of a screening library. Preliminary investigations in cancer cells showed that the simpler scaffolds could recapitulate the reported anti-migratory activity of the natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Welford
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - John J Caldwell
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - Manjuan Liu
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Meirion Richards
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Nathan Brown
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Cara Lomas
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Graham J Tizzard
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mateusz B Pitak
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallography Service, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Suzanne A Eccles
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Florence I Raynaud
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ian Collins
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SM2 5NG, UK
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11
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Ball M, Baron A, Bradshaw B, Dumeunier R, O'Brien M, Thomas EJ. The evolution of a stereoselective synthesis of the C1–C16 fragment of bryostatins. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9650-9681. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01804a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Scaleable syntheses of the C1–C16 fragment of bryostatins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ball
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Anne Baron
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Ben Bradshaw
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Raphaël Dumeunier
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Matthew O'Brien
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
| | - Eric J. Thomas
- The School of Chemistry
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester M13 9PL
- UK
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12
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Takai K. Trace Amounts of Second Metal Elements Can Play a Key Role in the Generation of Organometallic Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20150170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Takai
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University
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13
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Zou Y, Zhou L, Ding C, Wang Q, Kraft P, Goeke A. A novel oxy-oxonia(azonia)-cope reaction: serendipitous discovery and its application to the synthesis of macrocyclic musks. Chem Biodivers 2015; 11:1608-28. [PMID: 25329787 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This brief review, including new experimental results, is the summary of a talk at the GDCh conference 'flavors & fragrances 2013' in Leipzig, Germany, 11th-13th September, 2013. Musk odorants are indispensable in perfumery to lend sensuality to fine fragrances, a nourishing effect to cosmetics, and a comforting feeling to laundry. We have recently found serendipitously a new oxy-oxonia-Cope rearrangement. In this account, we review the background of oxonia-sigmatropic rearrangements and the discovery of this novel reaction. Special attention is focused on the versatile lactone and lactam formation reactions via [n+4] ring enlargement and the macrocyclization in the synthesis of new macrocyclic musks. The synthesized structures provide new insights into the structure-odor relationships of musks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zou
- Givaudan Fragrances (Shanghai) Ltd., Li Shi Zhen Road 298, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China.
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14
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Clark JS, Delion L, Farrugia LJ. Synthesis of four diastereomers of sclerophytin F and structural reassignment of several sclerophytin natural products. Chemistry 2015; 21:4772-80. [PMID: 25663662 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201406051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of the triol that has been proposed to be the marine natural product sclerophytin F has been completed along with the syntheses of three diastereomers. Comparison of the NMR spectroscopic data for all four compounds to the data reported for the natural product reveals that sclerophytin F is not the 3S diastereomer of sclerophytin A as proposed by Friedrich and Paquette. Re-analysis of the NMR spectroscopic data for known sclerophytin natural products and synthetic analogues leads to the conclusion that sclerophytins E and F are the same compound. This finding has allowed structural reassignment of several other cladiellin natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ (UK).
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15
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Clark JS, Delion L, Farrugia LJ. Total synthesis of the purported structure of sclerophytin F. Org Lett 2014; 16:4300-3. [PMID: 25068316 DOI: 10.1021/ol5020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the compound that has been proposed to be the natural product sclerophytin F has been completed from a known vinylogous carbonate. The synthetic strategy relied upon rearrangement of a catalytically generated ylide-like intermediate to produce an oxabicyclo[6.2.1]-5-undecen-9-one and an intermolecular Diels-Alder reaction to construct the complete tricyclic core found in the natural product. Comparison of the spectroscopic data for synthetic material to that reported for sclerophytin F shows that the natural product does not have the revised structure possessing the 3S configuration (*) proposed previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow , University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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16
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Efficient Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products: A Personal Record. CHEM REC 2014; 14:606-22. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201402015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Stereoselective construction of the ABC-ring system of fusidane triterpenes via intermolecular/transannular Michael reaction cascade. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Yue G, Zhang Y, Fang L, Li CC, Luo T, Yang Z. Collective Synthesis of Cladiellins Based on the Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 1,7-Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Yue G, Zhang Y, Fang L, Li CC, Luo T, Yang Z. Collective Synthesis of Cladiellins Based on the Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of 1,7-Diynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1837-40. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Han X, Peh G, Floreancig PE. Prins-Type Cyclization Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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21
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Clark JS, Berger R, Hayes ST, Senn HM, Farrugia LJ, Thomas LH, Morrison AJ, Gobbi L. Total Syntheses of Multiple Cladiellin Natural Products by Use of a Completely General Strategy. J Org Chem 2012; 78:673-96. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaëlle Berger
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart T. Hayes
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham
NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Martin Senn
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Louis J. Farrugia
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne H. Thomas
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry,
Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Gobbi
- Discovery Chemistry (PRCB), F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Division,
CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
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22
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Canham SM, Overman LE, Tanis PS. Identification of an Unexpected 2-Oxonia[3,3]sigmatropic Rearrangement/Aldol Pathway in the Formation of Oxacyclic Rings. Total Synthesis of (+)-Aspergillin PZ. Tetrahedron 2011; 67:9837-9843. [PMID: 22518066 PMCID: PMC3327308 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the first unambiguous evidence that the cascade synthesis of tetrahydrofuran-containing oxacyclic molecules depicted in Scheme 12 can take place by a 2-oxonia[3,3]sigmatropic/aldol mechanism rather than by a Prins cyclization/pinacol rearrangement sequence. The 8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octyl aldehyde products of this reaction, 20 and 29, were employed to complete the first total synthesis of the structurally remarkable isoindolone alkaloid (+)-aspergillin PZ (1). The lack of activity seen in two tumor cell lines for synthetic (+)-aspergillin PZ calls into question the suggestion that aspergillin PZ, like many aspochalasin diterpenes, might exhibit useful antitumor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Canham
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025
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23
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Kong K, Moussa Z, Lee C, Romo D. Total synthesis of the spirocyclic imine marine toxin (-)-gymnodimine and an unnatural C4-epimer. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:19844-56. [PMID: 22023219 DOI: 10.1021/ja207385y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of the marine toxin (-)-gymnodimine (1) has been accomplished in a convergent manner. A highly diastereo- and enantioselective exo-Diels-Alder reaction catalyzed by a bis-oxazoline Cu(II) catalyst enabled rapid assembly of the spirocyclic core of gymnodimine. The preparation of the tetrahydrofuran fragment utilized a chiral auxiliary based anti-aldol reaction. Two major fragments, spirolactam 56 and tetrahydrofuran 55, were then coupled through an efficient Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. An unconventional, ambient temperature t-BuLi-initiated intramolecular Barbier reaction of alkyl iodide 64 was employed to form the macrocycle. A late stage vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol addition of a silyloxyfuran to a complex cyclohexanone 83 appended the butenolide, and a few additional steps provided (-)-gymnodimine (1). A diastereomer of the natural product was also synthesized, C4-epi-gymnodimine (90), derived from the vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842-3012, USA
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24
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Welford AJ, Collins I. The 2,11-cyclized cembranoids: cladiellins, asbestinins, and briarellins (period 1998-2010). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2318-2328. [PMID: 21970540 DOI: 10.1021/np200125v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The 2,11-cyclized cembranoids are isolated from marine invertebrates of Octocorallia species. They are a very interesting class of natural products sharing a common oxatricyclo[6.6.1.0(2,7)]pentadecane core and carrying a varied substituent pattern. This review presents their structural diversity along with the reported biological activities. The 2,11-cyclized cembranoids were comprehensively reviewed previously in 1998, and this contribution will serve as an update of that work. Since 1998 a number of structural assignments of the isolated products have been revised, some as a result of total synthesis efforts. The chemical reactivity of several of the natural compounds has been studied, and the relevance of these findings to the biosynthesis or the generation of isolation artifacts is discussed. The wide range of biological activities displayed by the 2,11-cyclized cembranoids justifies the interest shown within the synthetic chemistry community and suggests that this class of natural products remains a fruitful area for future synthetic and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Welford
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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25
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Abstract
The total syntheses of (+)-vigulariol and (-)-sclerophytin A are reported in 15 steps and 16 steps, respectively, from a known compound. The flexible, readily scalable synthetic strategy allows for rapid construction of a critical tricyclic intermediate and is demonstrated via the synthesis of these two marine natural products. A key reaction in this synthetic protocol is a combination Wittig/intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Crimmins
- Kenan Laboratory of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
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26
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Clark JS, Berger R, Hayes ST, Thomas LH, Morrison AJ, Gobbi L. Enantioselective total syntheses of three cladiellins (eunicellins): a general approach to the entire family of natural products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 49:9867-70. [PMID: 21082639 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Joseph Black Building, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom.
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27
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Mol VPL, Raveendran TV, Parameswaran PS, Kunnath RJ, Rajamohanan PR. (–)-6α-Hydroxy polyanthellin A — A novel antifouling diterpenoid from the Indian soft coral Cladiella krempfi (Hickson). CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v10-159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided purification of methanol extract of the soft coral Cladiella krempfi (Octocorallia: Alcynocea) yielded a novel eunicellin-type diterpenoid, (–)-6α-hydroxy polyanthellin A (1), active against the cyprids of the fouling barnacle, Balanus amphitrite (EC50 9.02 µg/mL; LC50 36 µg/mL; and therapeutic ratio = 4). The structure of compound 1 was determined from its spectral data, including IR, NMR (1D and 2D NMR), and mass spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. P. Limna Mol
- National Institute of Oceanography (Regional Centre), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
- National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune, India
| | - T. V. Raveendran
- National Institute of Oceanography (Regional Centre), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
- National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune, India
| | - P. S. Parameswaran
- National Institute of Oceanography (Regional Centre), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
- National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune, India
| | - R. J. Kunnath
- National Institute of Oceanography (Regional Centre), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
- National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune, India
| | - P. R. Rajamohanan
- National Institute of Oceanography (Regional Centre), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Salim Ali Road, Kochi, Kerala 682018, India
- National Chemical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Pune, India
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28
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Ez-Zoubir M, Brown JA, Ratovelomanana-Vidal V, Michelet V. Iridium-catalyzed hydroiodination of functionalized alkynes. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2010.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Clark JS, Berger R, Hayes ST, Thomas LH, Morrison AJ, Gobbi L. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Three Cladiellins (Eunicellins): A General Approach to the Entire Family of Natural Products. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Wang B, Ramirez AP, Slade JJ, Morken JP. Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-sclerophytin A by a stereoconvergent epoxide hydrolysis. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:16380-2. [PMID: 21028899 DOI: 10.1021/ja108185z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxic natural product (-)-sclerophytin A was constructed in 13 steps from geranial. Highlights from the synthesis are a stereoselective Oshima-Utimoto reaction, a Shibata-Baba indium-promoted radical cyclization, and a novel stereoconvergent epoxide hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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31
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Ellis JM, Crimmins MT. Strategies for the total synthesis of C2-C11 cyclized cembranoids. Chem Rev 2009; 108:5278-98. [PMID: 18942794 DOI: 10.1021/cr078117u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, USA
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32
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Abstract
A personal account is given of the development in my laboratory of designed molecular rearrangements and their application in target-directed synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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33
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Chavre SN, Ullapu PR, Min SJ, Lee JK, Pae AN, Kim Y, Cho YS. Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Oxaspirobicycles via Prins-Pinacol Annulation. Org Lett 2009; 11:3834-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol9014078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satish N Chavre
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Punna Reddy Ullapu
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyun Lee
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Youseung Kim
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Cho
- Center for Chemoinformatics Research, Life Science Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea, and School of Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 305-333, Republic of Korea
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34
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Corminboeuf O, Overman LE, Pennington LD. A unified strategy for enantioselective total synthesis of cladiellin and briarellin diterpenes: total synthesis of briarellins E and F and the putative structure of alcyonin and revision of its structure assignment. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5458-70. [PMID: 19534538 PMCID: PMC2744073 DOI: 10.1021/jo9010156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enantioselective total syntheses of briarellin E (12) and briarellin F (13), as well as the structure originally proposed for the cladiellin diterpene alcyonin (10), have been realized. Comparison of the spectral data for synthetic 10, natural alcyonin, cladiellisin (33), and cladiellaperoxide (34), as well as chemical transformations of 10 and natural alcyonin, suggest that the structure of this coral metabolite is allylic peroxide 11. The unified approach detailed herein can be used to access both C4-deoxygenated and C4-oxygenated cladiellins and briarellins. The central step in these syntheses is acid-promoted condensation of (Z)-alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes 17 with cyclohexadienyl diols 18 to form intermediates 16 incorporating the hexahydroisobenzofuran core and five stereocenters of these marine diterpenes (Scheme 1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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35
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Liu L, Zhang J. Selectivity Control in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Regiodivergent Tandem Cationic Cyclization/Ring Expansion Terminated by Pinacol Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200901628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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36
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Liu L, Zhang J. Selectivity Control in Lewis Acid Catalyzed Regiodivergent Tandem Cationic Cyclization/Ring Expansion Terminated by Pinacol Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48:6093-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200901628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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38
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Baker TM, Edmonds DJ, Hamilton D, O'Brien CJ, Procter DJ. Synthesis and reactions of the pestalotiopsin skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5631-3. [PMID: 18574840 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Baker
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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39
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Butters M, Elliott MC, Hill-Cousins J, Paine JS, Westwood AW. An improved protocol for the Prins desymmetrisation of cyclohexa-1,4-dienes. Tetrahedron Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Baker T, Edmonds D, Hamilton D, O'Brien C, Procter D. Synthesis and Reactions of the Pestalotiopsin Skeleton. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Parsons AT, Campbell MJ, Johnson JS. Diastereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofurans via Palladium(0)-Catalyzed [3 + 2] Cycloaddition of Vinylcyclopropanes and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2008; 10:2541-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800819h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew T. Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Matthew J. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - Jeffrey S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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42
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Becker J, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Asymmetric Total Synthesis and X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Cytotoxic Marine Diterpene (+)-Vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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43
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Becker J, Bergander K, Fröhlich R, Hoppe D. Asymmetrische Totalsynthese und Festkörperstruktur des marinen cytotoxischen Diterpens (+)-Vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200704678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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44
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Crimmins MT, Ellis JM. An Intramolecular Diels−Alder Strategy for the Asbestinins: Enantioselective Total Syntheses of 11-Acetoxy-4-deoxyasbestinin D and Asbestinin-12. J Org Chem 2007; 73:1649-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jo0712695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Crimmins
- Department of Chemistry, Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
| | - J. Michael Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, Venable and Kenan Laboratories of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290
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45
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Becker J, Fröhlich R, Kataeva O, Hoppe D. Stereoselective Synthesis of Hexahydroisobenzofuran-4(1H)-ones from Chiral Substituted Cyclohex-2-enyl Carbamates via Asymmetric Homoaldol Reaction and THF Cyclocondensation. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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46
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Clark JS, Hayes ST, Wilson C, Gobbi L. A concise total synthesis of (+/-)-vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:437-40. [PMID: 17146807 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200603880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Stephen Clark
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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47
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Gergely J, Morgan JB, Overman LE. Stereocontrolled synthesis of functionalized cis-cyclopentapyrazolidines by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of azomethine imines. J Org Chem 2007; 71:9144-52. [PMID: 17109540 PMCID: PMC2516743 DOI: 10.1021/jo061537j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of alkene-tethered alpha-ketocarboxylic acid derivatives with monosubstituted hydrazines allows highly substituted cis-cyclopentapyrazolidine ring systems to be constructed rapidly. Successful cyclocondensations are realized under thermal reaction conditions; in some cases, protic or Lewis acids accelerate these reactions. alpha-Methoxy-alpha,beta-unsaturated esters are suitable alkene components, as are alkenes having either electron-withdrawing or electron-donating substituents at the terminal alkene carbon. alpha-Ketoesters, alpha-ketoamides, and alpha-ketothioesters can be employed. Various hydrazines substituted with N-acyl, N-carboalkoxy, or N-carbamothioyl protecting groups are tolerated in these transformations. The rate of intramolecular cycloaddition is found to reflect not only the reactivity and equilibrium concentration of the azomethine imine intermediate, but, also in some cases, the rate at which hydrazone stereoisomers interconvert under the reaction conditions.
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48
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49
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Overman LE, Watson DA. Diastereoselection in the formation of spirocyclic oxindoles by the intramolecular Heck reaction. J Org Chem 2007; 71:2587-99. [PMID: 16555809 PMCID: PMC2585599 DOI: 10.1021/jo052335a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diastereoselective double Heck cyclizations of cyclohexene diamides 1 and 3 form contiguous quaternary stereocenters, with diastereoselection being controlled by the trans-diol protecting group. In this, the first in a series of two papers, the origin of diastereoselection in the first ring-closure step of these reactions is examined. Nine simplified analogues of 1 and 3 were synthesized and cyclized to discern what structural features are required to realize high diastereoselection in the first intramolecular Heck reaction. These studies show that high stereoselection (>20:1) does not arise from a single structural feature: it is seen only in substrates that contain both a trans-acetonide and a tertiary amide substituent at C2. Two subtle factors appear to be involved: (1) Avoidance of eclipsing interactions between the forming C-C bond and the pseudoaxial hydrogen atom at C6 and between the pseudoequatorial hydrogen atom at C6 and the carbonyl carbon of the forming spirooxindole. (2) The vinylic amide substituent that is not involved in the insertion event preferentially adopts a perpendicular conformation, placing the sterically bulky NR(2) over the alkene pi bond. syn-Pentane-like interactions between this substituent and the C3 of the cyclohexene are avoided in the favored insertion topography. These two effects, when combined, produce a highly diastereoselective process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry E Overman
- Department of Chemistry, 516 Rowland Hall, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.
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50
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Clark J, Hayes S, Wilson C, Gobbi L. A Concise Total Synthesis of (±)-Vigulariol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200603880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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