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Yang D, Moon Y, Han N, Lee M, Beak J, Lee SH, Kim DY. Solution-processable low-voltage carbon nanotube field-effect transistors with high- krelaxor ferroelectric polymer gate insulator. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:295202. [PMID: 38608317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad3e01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Achieving energy-efficient and high-performance field-effect transistors (FETs) is one of the most important goals for future electronic devices. This paper reports semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube FETs (s-SWNT-FETs) with an optimized high-krelaxor ferroelectric insulator P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) thickness for low-voltage operation. The s-SWNT-FETs with an optimized thickness (∼800 nm) of the high-kinsulator exhibited the highest average mobility of 14.4 cm2V-1s-1at the drain voltage (ID) of 1 V, with a high current on/off ratio (Ion/off>105). The optimized device performance resulted from the suppressed gate leakage current (IG) and a sufficiently large capacitance (>50 nF cm-2) of the insulating layer. Despite the extremely high capacitance (>100 nF cm-2) of the insulating layer, an insufficient thickness (<450 nm) induces a highIG, leading to reducedIDand mobility of s-SWNT-FETs. Conversely, an overly thick insulator (>1200 nm) cannot introduce sufficient capacitance, resulting in limited device performance. The large capacitance and sufficient breakdown voltage of the insulating layer with an appropriate thickness significantly improved p-type performance. However, a reduced n-type performance was observed owing to the increased electron trap density caused by fluorine proportional to the insulator thickness. Hence, precise control of the insulator thickness is crucial for achieving low-voltage operation with enhanced s-SWNT-FET performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongseong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Han
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Beak
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Parts of Powder, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 123 Cheomdangwagi-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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2
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Carneiro KDS, Franchi LP, Rocha TL. Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers seen as emerging threat to fish: Historical review and trends. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169483. [PMID: 38151128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the third allotropic carbon form, carbon-based one-dimensional nanomaterials (1D-CNMs) became an attractive and new technology with different applications that range from electronics to biomedical and environmental technologies. Despite their broad application, data on environmental risks remain limited. Fish are widely used in ecotoxicological studies and biomonitoring programs. Thus, the aim of the current study was to summarize and critically analyze the literature focused on investigating the bioaccumulation and ecotoxicological impacts of 1D-CNMs (carbon nanotubes and nanofibers) on different fish species. In total, 93 articles were summarized and analyzed by taking into consideration the following aspects: bioaccumulation, trophic transfer, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, organ-specific toxicity, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and behavioral changes. Results have evidenced that the analyzed studies were mainly carried out with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, which were followed by single-walled nanotubes and nanofibers. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) was the main fish species used as model system. CNMs' ecotoxicity in fish depends on their physicochemical features, functionalization, experimental design (e.g. exposure time, concentration, exposure type), as well as on fish species and developmental stage. CNMs' action mechanism and toxicity in fish are associated with oxidative stress, genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. Overall, fish are a suitable model system to assess the ecotoxicity of, and the environmental risk posed by, CNMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla da Silva Carneiro
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Pereira Franchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thiago Lopes Rocha
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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3
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Wu X, Tu WH, Veksha A, Chen W, Lisak G. Polyolefin-derived substrate-grown carbon nanotubes as binder-free electrode for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140769. [PMID: 38000550 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Switching from a linear mode of waste management to a circular loop by transforming plastic waste into carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising approach to current plastic waste treatment. One of the many applications of CNTs is its use for electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen evolution. Existing methods of CNTs-based hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode fabrication involve additives like polymeric binders and additional steps to improve CNT dispersion, which are detrimental to the CNT structure and properties. The in-situ fabrication approach can potentially be a one-pot solution to HER electrode synthesis. In this study, polyolefins pyrolysis gas and a Co:Ni:Mg catalyst were used to fabricate binder-free CNTs-based electrodes on different substrates for HER. The study assessed CNT quality on conductive carbon paper, semiconductive silicon, and dielectric glass substrates, evaluating their HER performance in 1 M KOH. A mixture of hollow-core, bamboo-like, and cup-stacked arrangement nanotubes were synthesized on the substrates, with CNTs on glass and carbon paper substrates possessing better graphitization than CNTs grown on silicon. This is in agreement with HER performance, whereby the as-prepared electrodes required overpotentials of 267 mV, 241 mV, and 216 mV for silicon, glass, and carbon paper, respectively, to achieve 10 mA/cm2. Despite being poorly conductive, the glass substrate electrode achieved a lower overpotential than the silicon electrode. Additionally, the as-prepared silicon electrode faced a delamination issue likely attributed to the lower surface energy of the silicon substrate surface, demonstrating the weaker adhesion between the CNTs and silicon surface. The proposed approach thus showed that the in-situ fabricated electrodes performed better than separately synthesized CNTs prepared into electrodes by 27.4% and 14.2% for carbon paper and glass substrates, respectively. The improved performance of the as-prepared, binder-free electrodes can be linked to the lower charge-transfer resistance and reduced contact resistance between the CNTs and substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinYi Wu
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Wei Han Tu
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Cleantech One, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Andrei Veksha
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre (R3C), Nanyang Environment & Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Clean Tech One, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
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Gupta B, Sharma PK, Malviya R. Carbon Nanotubes for Targeted Therapy: Safety, Efficacy, Feasibility and Regulatory Aspects. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:81-99. [PMID: 38185892 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128282085231226065407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
It is crucial that novel and efficient drug delivery techniques be created in order to improve the pharmacological profiles of a wide variety of classes of medicinal compounds. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently come to the forefront as an innovative and very effective technique for transporting and translocating medicinal compounds. CNTs were suggested and aggressively researched as multifunctional novel transporters designed for targeted pharmaceutical distribution and used in diagnosis. CNTs can act as vectors for direct administration of pharmaceuticals, particularly chemotherapeutic medications. Multi-walled CNTs make up the great majority of CNT transporters, and these CNTs were used in techniques to target cancerous cells. It is possible to employ Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to transport bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and medicines by functionalizing them with these substances. Due to their low toxicity and absence of immunogenicity, carbon nanotubes are not immunogenic. Ammonium-functionalized carbon nanotubes are also attractive vectors for gene-encoding nucleic acids. CNTs that have been coupled with antigenic peptides have the potential to be developed into a novel and efficient approach for the use of synthetic vaccines. CNTs bring up an enormous number of new avenues for future medicine development depending on targets within cells, which have until now been difficult to access. This review focuses on the numerous applications of various CNT types used as medicine transport systems and on the utilization of CNTs for therapeutical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Gupta
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Omoto Y, Morita H, Sato Y, Nishida T, Motomiya K, Katsui H, Goto T, Sato Y. Are Non-Six-Membered Ring Defects Formed in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Treated by a Fluorination-Defluorination Process? NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1086. [PMID: 36985980 PMCID: PMC10056250 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) modified by introducing non-six-membered ring defects, such as five- and seven-membered rings, have attracted considerable attention because their conductivity is enhanced by increasing the electronic density of states at the Fermi energy level. However, no preparation method exists to efficiently introduce non-six-membered ring defects into SWCNTs. Herein, we attempt to introduce non-six-membered ring defects into SWCNTs by defect rearrangement of the nanotube framework using a fluorination-defluorination process. Defect-introduced SWCNTs were fabricated from SWCNTs fluorinated at 25 °C for different reaction times. Their structures were evaluated, and their conductivities were measured by operating a temperature program. Structural analysis of the defect-induced SWCNTs using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and visible-near-infrared spectroscopy did not reveal the presence of non-six-membered ring defects in the SWCNTs but indicated the introduction of vacancy defects. Meanwhile, conductivity measurements performed by operating a temperature program showed that the defluorinated SWCNTs prepared from SWCNTs fluorinated for 3 min (deF-RT-3m) exhibited decreased conductivity owing to the adsorption of water molecules to non-six-membered ring defects, thereby implying the possibility of non-six-membered ring defects being introduced into deF-RT-3m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Omoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiromu Morita
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION, 7-227, Kaisan-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 595-0982, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nishida
- STELLA CHEMIFA CORPORATION, 7-227, Kaisan-cho, Sakai-ku, Sakai 595-0982, Japan
| | - Kenichi Motomiya
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Katsui
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Goto
- Extreme Energy-Density Research Institute, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Aoba 6–6-10, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Sato
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-20, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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6
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Islam S, Furuta H. Recent Development of Carbon-Nanotube-Based Solar Heat Absorption Devices and Their Application. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3871. [PMID: 36364647 PMCID: PMC9658299 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and the current global weather patterns have heightened the need to optimize solar energy harvesting. Solar-powered water filtration, electricity generation, and water heating have gradually multiplied as viable sources of fresh water and power generation, especially for isolated places without access to water and energy. The unique thermal and optical characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) enable their use as efficient solar absorbers with enhanced overall photothermal conversion efficiency under varying solar light intensities. Due to their exceptional optical absorption efficiency, low cost, environmental friendliness, and natural carbon availability, CNTs have attracted intense scientific interest in the production of solar thermal systems. In this review study, we evaluated CNT-based water purification, thermoelectric generation, and water heating systems under varying solar levels of illumination, ranging from domestic applications to industrial usage. The use of CNT composites or multilayered structures is also reviewed in relation to solar heat absorber applications. An aerogel containing CNTs was able to ameliorate water filtering performance at low solar intensities. CNTs with a Fresnel lens improved thermoelectric output power at high solar intensity. Solar water heating devices utilizing a nanofluid composed of CNTs proved to be the most effective. In this review, we also aimed to identify the most relevant challenges and promising opportunities in relation to CNT-based solar thermal devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furuta
- School of Systems Engineering, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
- Center for Nanotechnology, Research Institute, Kochi University of Technology, Kochi 782-8502, Japan
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7
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Park M, Hwang S, Ju SY. The Effects of Lengths of Flavin Surfactant N-10-Alkyl Side Chains on Promoting Dispersion of a High-Purity and Diameter-Selective Single-Walled Nanotube. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3380. [PMID: 36234506 PMCID: PMC9565467 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavin with defined helical self-assembly helps to understand chemical designs for obtaining high-purity semiconducting (s)-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a diameter (dt)-selective manner for high-end applications. In this study, flavins containing 8, 12, 16, and 20 n-alkyl chains were synthesized, and their single/tandem effects on dt-selective s-SWNT dispersibility were investigated at isomolarity. Flavins with n-dodecyl and longer chain lengths (FC12, FC16, and FC20) act as good surfactants for stable SWNT dispersions whereas n-octyl flavin (FC8) exhibits poor dispersibility owing to the lack of SWNT buoyancy. When used with small-dt SWNT, FC8 displays chirality-selective SWNT dispersion. This behavior, along with various flavin helical motifs, prompts the development of criteria for 'side chain length (lS)' required for stable and dt-selective SWNT dispersion, which also explains lS-dependent dt-enrichment behavior. Moreover, SWNT dispersions with flavins with dodecyl and longer lS exhibit increased metallic (m)-SWNT, background absorption-contributing carbonaceous impurities (CIs) and preferential selectivity of s-SWNT with slightly larger dt. The increased CIs that affect the SWNT quantum yield were attributed to a solubility parameter. Furthermore, the effects of flavin lS, sonication bath temperature, centrifugal speed, and surfactant concentration on SWNT purity and s-/m-SWNT ratio were investigated. A tandem FC8/FC12 provides fine-tuning of dt-selective SWNT dispersion, wherein the FC8 ratio governs the tendency towards smaller dt. Kinetic and thermodynamic assemblies of tandem flavins result in different sorting behaviors in which wide dt-tunability was demonstrated using kinetic assembly. This study highlights the importance of appropriate side chain length and other extrinsic parameters to obtain dt-selective or high-purity s-SWNT.
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8
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The Effect of Elution Speed Control on Purity of Separated Large-Diameter Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Gel Chromatography. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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He M, Zhang S, Zhang J. Horizontal Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays: Controlled Synthesis, Characterizations, and Applications. Chem Rev 2020; 120:12592-12684. [PMID: 33064453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) emerge as a promising material to advance carbon nanoelectronics. However, synthesizing or assembling pure metallic/semiconducting SWNTs required for interconnects/integrated circuits, respectively, by a conventional chemical vapor deposition method or by an assembly technique remains challenging. Recent studies have shown significant scientific breakthroughs in controlled SWNT synthesis/assembly and applications in scaled field effect transistors, which are a critical component in functional nanodevices, thereby rendering the horizontal SWNT array an important candidate for innovating nanotechnology. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the controlled synthesis, surface assembly, characterization techniques, and potential applications of horizontally aligned SWNT arrays. This review begins with the discussion of synthesis of horizontally aligned SWNTs with regulated direction, density, structure, and theoretical models applied to understand the growth results. Several traditional procedures applied for assembling SWNTs on target surface are also briefly discussed. It then discusses the techniques adopted to characterize SWNTs, ranging from electron/probe microscopy to various optical spectroscopy methods. Prototype applications based on the horizontally aligned SWNTs, such as interconnects, field effect transistors, integrated circuits, and even computers, are subsequently described. Finally, this review concludes with challenges and a brief outlook of the future development in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoshuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-Chemical Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuchen Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Jha R, Singh A, Sharma P, Fuloria NK. Smart carbon nanotubes for drug delivery system: A comprehensive study. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zheng D, Zhu C, Li Z, Li Z, Li J, Sun S, Zhang Y, Wang F, Tian H, Yang H, Li J. Ultrafast lattice and electronic dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2808-2813. [PMID: 36132390 PMCID: PMC9419500 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00269k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the photoinduced ultrafast structural transitions and electronic dynamics in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is important for the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. In this study, we conducted femtosecond-resolved electron diffraction and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) measurements on SWCNTs using ultrafast transmission electron microscopy. The experimental results demonstrated that dominant time constants of the dynamic processes were ∼1.4 ps for electron-driven lattice expansion, ∼17.4 ps for thermal phonon-driven lattice expansion associated with electron-phonon coupling. The time-resolved EELS measurements clearly revealed a notable red shift of plasmon peaks by ∼100 meV upon femtosecond laser excitation. Different features of charge carrier excitation and relaxation were carefully discussed in correlation with the lattice dynamics and photoinduced absorption signals of SWCNTs. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the ultrafast dynamics in SWCNTs and powerful techniques to characterize the dynamics of low-dimensional structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chunhui Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zian Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhongwen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jun Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shuaishuai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongzhao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Huanfang Tian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co., Ltd. Liyang Jiangsu 213300 China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan Guangdong 523808 China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100190 China
- Yangtze River Delta Physics Research Center Co., Ltd. Liyang Jiangsu 213300 China
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12
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Chen J, Gao X, Song W. Epoxy matrix composites reinforced with purified carbon nanotubes for thermal management applications. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power EngineeringHenan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power EngineeringHenan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
| | - Wenya Song
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Mechanical and Power EngineeringHenan Polytechnic University Jiaozuo China
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Smirnov S, Anoshkin IV, Generalov A, Lioubtchenko DV, Oberhammer J. Wavelength-dependent photoconductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube layers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:14677-14682. [PMID: 35516325 PMCID: PMC9064124 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of electronic devices such as phase shifters, polarizers, modulators, and power splitters are based on tunable materials. These materials often do not meet all the requirements namely low losses, fast response time, and technological compatibility. Novel nanomaterials, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, are therefore widely studied to fill this technological gap. Here we show how the dielectric constant of single-walled carbon nanotube layers can be substantially modified by illuminating them due to unique light–matter interactions. We relate the optical excitation of the nanotube layers to the illumination wavelength and intensity, by resistance and capacitance measurements. The dielectric constant is modified under laser illumination due to the change of material polarization and free carrier generation, and is shown to not be temperature-related. The findings indicate that SWCNT layers are a prospective tunable optoelectronic material for both high and low frequency applications. The optically-tunable dielectric properties of single-walled carbon nanotube layers are wavelength-dependent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Smirnov
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Ilya V. Anoshkin
- Department of Photonics and Optical Information Technologies
- ITMO University
- 197101 Saint Petersburg
- Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Generalov
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering
- Aalto University
- Finland
| | - Dmitri V. Lioubtchenko
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
- Center for Terahertz Research and Applications (CENTERA)
| | - Joachim Oberhammer
- Department of Micro and Nanosystems
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-100 44 Stockholm
- Sweden
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14
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Bati ASR, Yu L, Batmunkh M, Shapter JG. Synthesis, purification, properties and characterization of sorted single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22087-22139. [PMID: 30475354 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical and optoelectronic properties, which makes them promising candidates for use in a wide range of applications. However, as-produced SWCNTs have a wide distribution of various chiral species with different properties (i.e. electronic structures). In order to take full advantage of SWCNT properties, highly purified and well-separated SWCNTs are of great importance. Recent advances have focused on developing new strategies to effectively separate nanotubes into single-chirality and/or semiconducting/metallic species and integrating them into different applications. This review highlights recent progress in this cutting-edge research area alongside the enormous development of their identification and structural characterization techniques. A comprehensive review of advances in both controlled synthesis and post-synthesis separation methods of SWCNTs are presented. The relationship between the unique structure of SWCNTs and their intrinsic properties is also discussed. Finally, important future directions for the development of sorting and purification protocols for SWCNTs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - LePing Yu
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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15
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Ansón-Casaos A, Grasa L, Pereboom D, Mesonero JE, Casanova A, Murillo MD, Martínez MT. In-vitro toxicity of carbon nanotube/polylysine colloids to colon cancer cells. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 10:374-381. [PMID: 27906137 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are thoroughly purified and dispersed in an aqueous solution of high molecular weight poly-L-lysine (pLlys). Human intestinal epithelial Caco-2/TC7 cells are incubated with the SWCNT dispersions in pLlys, and their effects on cell viability are studied by image flow cytometry. No significant changes are observed in the cell culture wells up to pLlys concentrations of 10 μg ml-1. However, high mortality is detected at pLlys concentrations of 100 μg ml-1. The presence of oxygen-free SWCNTs does not modify the effects of pLlys on cell cultures at any of the tested concentrations (≤1 μg ml-1). In addition, SWCNTs having an 8 wt.% of surface oxygen are tested with identical results. Thus, purified SWCNTs, even bearing oxygen functional groups, act as inert particles in the cell culture medium. This result supports the applicability of SWCNTs as carriers in pharmacological formulations against digestive tract diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Grasa
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Desirée Pereboom
- Servicio de Citómica, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José Emilio Mesonero
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2) (Universidad de Zaragoza - CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alvaro Casanova
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Divina Murillo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Fisiología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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16
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Main complications connected with detection, identification and determination of trace organic constituents in complex matrix samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Lefebvre J, Ding J, Li Z, Finnie P, Lopinski G, Malenfant PRL. High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Key Enabling Material in Emerging Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2479-2486. [PMID: 28902990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) are emerging as a promising material for high-performance, high-density devices as well as low-cost, large-area macroelectronics produced via additive manufacturing methods such as roll-to-roll printing. Proof-of-concept demonstrations have indicated the potential of sc-SWCNTs for digital electronics, radiofrequency circuits, radiation hard memory, improved sensors, and flexible, stretchable, conformable electronics. Advances toward commercial applications bring numerous opportunities in SWCNT materials development and characterization as well as fabrication processes and printing technologies. Commercialization in electronics will require large quantities of sc-SWCNTs, and the challenge for materials science is the development of scalable synthesis, purification, and enrichment methods. While a few synthesis routes have shown promising results in making near-monochiral SWCNTs, gram quantities are available only for small-diameter sc-SWCNTs, which underperform in transistors. Most synthesis routes yield mixtures of SWCNTs, typically 30% metallic and 70% semiconducting, necessitating the extraction of sc-SWCNTs from their metallic counterparts in high purity using scalable postsynthetic methods. Numerous routes to obtain high-purity sc-SWCNTs from raw soot have been developed, including density-gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatography, aqueous two-phase extraction, and selective DNA or polymer wrapping. By these methods (termed sorting or enrichment), >99% sc-SWCNT content can be achieved. Currently, all of these approaches have drawbacks and limitations with respect to electronics applications, such as excessive dilution, expensive consumables, and high ionic impurity content. Excess amount of dispersant is a common challenge that hinders direct inclusion of sc-SWCNTs into electronic devices. At present, conjugated polymer extraction may represent the most practical route to sc-SWCNTs. By the use of polymers with a π-conjugated backbone, sc-SWCNTs with >99.9% purity can be dispersed in organic solvents via a simple sonication and centrifugation process. With 1000 times less excipient and the flexibility to accommodate a broad range of solvents via diverse polymer constructs, inks are readily deployable in solution-based fabrication processes such as aerosol spray, inkjet, and gravure. Further gains in sc-SWCNT purity, among other attributes, are possible with a better understanding of the structure-property relationships that govern conjugated polymer extraction. This Account covers three interlinked topics in SWCNT electronics: metrology, enrichment, and SWCNT transistors fabricated via solution processes. First, we describe how spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy are applied for sc-SWCNT purity assessment. Stringent requirements for sc-SWCNTs in electronics are pushing the techniques to new levels while serving as an important driver toward the development of quantitative metrology. Next, we highlight recent progress in understanding the sc-SWCNT enrichment process using conjugated polymers, with special consideration given to the effect of doping on the mechanism. Finally, developments in sc-SWCNT-based electronics are described, with emphasis on the performance of transistors utilizing random networks of sc-SWCNTs as the semiconducting channel material. Challenges and advances associated with using polymer-based dielectrics in the unique context of sc-SWCNT transistors are presented. Such transistor packages have enabled the realization of fully printed transistors as well as transparent and even stretchable transistors as a result of the unique and excellent electrical and mechanical properties of sc-SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lefebvre
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jianfu Ding
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Zhao Li
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Paul Finnie
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Gregory Lopinski
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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Pfohl M, Tune DD, Graf A, Zaumseil J, Krupke R, Flavel BS. Fitting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Optical Spectra. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1163-1171. [PMID: 28393134 PMCID: PMC5377271 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a comprehensive methodology for the fitting of single-walled carbon nanotube absorption spectra is presented. Different approaches to background subtraction, choice of line profile, and calculation of full width at half-maximum are discussed both in the context of previous literature and the contemporary understanding of carbon nanotube photophysics. The fitting is improved by the inclusion of exciton-phonon sidebands, and new techniques to improve the individualization of overlapped nanotube spectra by exploiting correlations between the first- and second-order optical transitions and the exciton-phonon sidebands are presented. Consideration of metallic nanotubes allows an analysis of the metallic/semiconducting content, and a process of constraining the fit of highly congested spectra of carbon nanotube solid films according to the spectral weights of each (n, m) species in solution is also presented, allowing for more reliable resolution of overlapping peaks into single (n, m) species contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Pfohl
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str.
2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Daniel D. Tune
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre
for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders
University, GPO Box 2100, 5042 Adelaide, Australia
| | - Arko Graf
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer
Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Krupke
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Materials Science, Technische Universität
Darmstadt, Jovanka-Bontschits-Str.
2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Benjamin S. Flavel
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of
Technology (KIT), P.O.
Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Chin SF, Baughman RH, Dalton AB, Dieckmann GR, Draper RK, Mikoryak C, Musselman IH, Poenitzsch VZ, Xie H, Pantano P. Amphiphilic Helical Peptide Enhances the Uptake of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Living Cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1236-44. [PMID: 17895532 DOI: 10.3181/0612-rm-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of many projected applications of carbon nano-tubes (CNTs) to living cells, such as intracellular sensors and nanovectors, will depend on how many CNTs are taken up by cells. Here we report the enhanced uptake by HeLa cells of single-walled CNTs coated with a designed peptide termed nano-1. Atomic force microscopy showed that the dispersions were composed of individual and small bundles of nano-1 CNTs with 0.7- to 32-nm diameters and 100- to 400-nm lengths. Spectroscopic characterizations revealed that nano-1 disperses CNTs in a non-covalent fashion that preserves CNT optical properties. Elemental analyses indicated that our sample preparation protocol involving sonication and centrifugation effectively eliminated metal impurities associated with CNT manufacturing processes. We further showed that the purified CNT dispersions are taken up by HeLa cells in a time- and temperature-dependent fashion, and that they do not affect the HeLa cell growth rate, evidence that the CNTs inside cells are not toxic under these conditions. Finally, we discovered that ~6-fold more CNTs are taken up by cells in the presence of nano-1 compared with medium containing serum but no peptide. The fact that coating CNTs with a peptide enhances uptake offers a strategy for improving the performance of applications that require CNTs to be inside cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shook-Fong Chin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083-0688, USA
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20
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Yu Q, Wu C, Guan L. Direct Enrichment of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using NO 2 as Oxidant to Selectively Etch Semiconducting Counterparts. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4470-4474. [PMID: 27779874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient method for enriching high-purity metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) by using NO2 as oxidant to remove semiconducting components at 220 °C. After etching, m-SWCNTs with purity higher than 90% were obtained. The surviving m-SWCNTs retain an intact structure without any extra defects on their surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Lunhui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350108, China
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21
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Braun EI, Draper R, Pantano P. Enriched surface acidity for surfactant-free suspensions of carboxylated carbon nanotubes purified by centrifugation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 8:26-33. [PMID: 27695672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that surfactant-suspended carbon nanotube (CNT) samples can be purified by centrifugation to decrease agglomerates and increase individually-dispersed CNTs. However, centrifugation is not always part of protocols to prepare CNT samples used in biomedical applications. Herein, using carboxylated multi-walled CNTs (cMWCNTs) suspended in water without a surfactant, we developed a Boehm titrimetric method for the analysis of centrifuged cMWCNT suspensions and used it to show that the surface acidity of oxidized carbon materials in aqueous cMWCNT suspensions was enriched by ~40% by a single low-speed centrifugation step. This significant difference in surface acidity between un-centrifuged and centrifuged cMWCNT suspensions has not been previously appreciated and is important because the degree of surface acidity is known to affect the interactions of cMWCNTs with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Braun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Rockford Draper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
| | - Paul Pantano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA; Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Richardson, TX 75080-3021, USA
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Park M, Kim S, Kwon H, Hong S, Im S, Ju SY. Selective Dispersion of Highly Pure Large-Diameter Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes by a Flavin for Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23270-23280. [PMID: 27538495 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Scalable and simple methods for selective extraction of pure, semiconducting (s) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is of profound importance for electronic and photovoltaic applications. We report a new, one-step procedure to obtain respective large-diameter s- and metallic (m)-SWNT enrichment purity in excess of 99% and 78%, respectively, via interaction between the aromatic dispersing agent and SWNTs. The approach utilizes N-dodecyl isoalloxazine (FC12) as a surfactant in conjunction with sonication and benchtop centrifugation methods. After centrifugation, the supernatant is enriched in s-SWNTs with less carbonaceous impurities, whereas precipitate is enhanced in m-SWNTs. In addition, the use of an increased centrifugal force enhances both the purity and population of larger diameter s-SWNTs. Photoinduced energy transfer from FC12 to SWNTs is facilitated by respective electronic level alignment. Owing to its peculiar photoreduction capability, FC12 can be employed to precipitate SWNTs upon UV irradiation and observe absorption of higher optical transitions of SWNTs. A thin-film transistor prepared from a dispersion of enriched s-SWNTs was fabricated to verify electrical performance of the sorted sample and was observed to display p-type conductance with an average on/off ratio over 10(6) and an average mobility over 10 cm(2)/V·s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsuk Park
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeokjae Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Hong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Im
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Ju
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics, Yonsei University , Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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23
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Luo C, Wan D, Jia J, Li D, Pan C, Liao L. A rational design for the separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes using a magnetic field. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13017-13024. [PMID: 27315328 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03928f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The separation of metallic (m-) and semiconducting (s-) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) without causing contamination and damage is a major challenge for SWNT-based devices. As a facile and nondestructive tool, the use of a magnetic field could be an ideal strategy to separate m-/s-SWNTs, based on the difference of magnetic susceptibilities. Here, we designed a novel magnetic field-assisted floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition system to separate m-/s-SWNTs. Briefly, m-SWNTs are attracted toward the magnetic pole, leaving s-SWNTs on the substrate. By using this strategy, s-SWNTs with a purity of 99% could be obtained, which is enough to construct high-performance transistors with a mobility of 230 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and an on/off ratio of 10(6). We also established a model to quantitatively calculate the percentage of m-SWNTs on the substrate and this model shows a good match with the experimental data. Furthermore, our rational design also provides a new avenue for the growth of SWNTs with specific chirality and manipulated arrangement due to the difference of magnetic susceptibilities between different diameters, chiralities, and types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhi Luo
- School of Physics and Technology, and MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Hou WC, He CJ, Wang YS, Wang DK, Zepp RG. Phototransformation-Induced Aggregation of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: The Importance of Amorphous Carbon. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:3494-3502. [PMID: 26928260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with proper functionalization are desirable for applications that require dispersion in aqueous and biological environments, and functionalized SWCNTs also serve as building blocks for conjugation with specific molecules in these applications. In this study, we examined the phototransformation of carboxylated SWCNTs and associated amorphous carbon impurities in the presence or absence of H2O2 under simulated sunlight conditions. We found that while carboxylated SWCNTs were rather unreactive with respect to direct solar photolysis, they photoreacted in the presence of H2O2, forming CO2 and strongly aggregated SWCNT products that precipitated. Photoreaction caused SWCNTs to lose oxygen-containing functionalities, and interestingly, the resulting photoproducts had spectral characteristics similar to those of parent carboxylated SWCNTs whose amorphous carbon was removed by base washing. These results indicated that photoreaction of the amorphous carbon was likely involved. The removal of amorphous carbon after indirect photoreaction was confirmed with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Further studies using carboxylated SWCNTs with and without base washing indicate that amorphous carbon reduced the extent of aggregation caused by photoreaction. The second-order rate constant for carboxylated SWCNTs reacting with (•)OH was estimated to be in the range of 1.7-3.8 × 10(9) MC(-1) s(-1). The modeled phototransformation half-lives fall in the range of 2.8-280 days in typical sunlit freshwaters. Our study indicates that photosensitized reactions involving (•)OH may be a transformation and removal pathway of functionalized SWCNTs in the aquatic environment, and that the residual amorphous carbon associated with SWCNTs plays a role in SWCNT stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Che Hou
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Chen-Jing He
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - Yi-Sheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City, Taiwan 70101
| | - David K Wang
- FIMLab-Films and Inorganic Membrane Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland , Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Richard G Zepp
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, Exposure Methods & Measurement Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Athens, Georgia 30605, United States
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25
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The control of thickness on aluminum oxide nanotubes by Atomic Layer Deposition using carbon nanotubes as removable templates. POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Electrocatalytic activity of multiwalled carbon nanotubes decorated by silver nanoparticles for the detection of halothane. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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MUGADZA TAWANDA, ANTUNES EDITH, NYOKONG TEBELLO. Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes by the pyrolysis of a compression activated iron(II) phthalocyanine/phthalocyanine metal-free derivative/ferric acetate mixture. J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Herrero-Latorre C, Álvarez-Méndez J, Barciela-García J, García-Martín S, Peña-Crecente R. Characterization of carbon nanotubes and analytical methods for their determination in environmental and biological samples: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:77-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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29
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Photochemical vapor generation for removing nickel impurities from carbon nanotubes and its real-time monitoring by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Braun EI, Pantano P. The importance of an extensive elemental analysis of single-walled carbon nanotube soot. CARBON 2014; 77:912-919. [PMID: 25110357 PMCID: PMC4125567 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Few manufacturers provide elemental analysis information on the certificates of analysis of their single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) soot products, and those who do primarily perform surface sensitive analyses that may not accurately represent the bulk properties of heterogeneous soot samples. Since the accurate elemental analysis of SWCNT soot is a requisite for exacting assessments of product quality and environmental health and safety (EH&S) risk, the purpose of this work was to develop a routine laboratory procedure for an extensive elemental analysis of SWCNT soot using bulk methods of analyses. Herein, a combination of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (CHNS/O) combustion analyses, oxygen flask combustion/anion chromatography (OFC/AC), graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF-AAS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) were used to generate a 77-element analysis of two as-received CoMoCAT® SWCNT soot products. Fourteen elements were detected in one product, nineteen in the other, and each data set was compared to its respective certificate of analysis. The addition of the OFC/AC results improved the accuracy of elements detected by GF-AAS and ICP-MS, and an assessment was performed on the results that concluded that the trace elemental impurities should not pose an EH&S concern if these soot products became airborne.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Pantano
- Corresponding author. Paul Pantano, Tel: 972-883-6226,
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31
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Pelalak R, Heidari Z. Lithographically Cut Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Opening Caps, Controlling Length Distribution, and Functionalization. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2013.817313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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32
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Flores-Cervantes DX, Maes HM, Schäffer A, Hollender J, Kohler HPE. Slow biotransformation of carbon nanotubes by horseradish peroxidase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:4826-4834. [PMID: 24678632 DOI: 10.1021/es4053279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Due to steady increase in use and mass production carbon nanotubes (CNTs) will inevitably end up in the environment. Because of their chemical nature CNTs are expected to be recalcitrant and biotransform only at very slow rates. Degradation of CNTs within days has recently been reported, but excluding one study, conclusions relied solely on qualitative results. We incubated 13 different types of CNTs and subjected them to enzymatic oxidation with horseradish peroxidase and concluded that the analytical methods commonly employed for studying degradation of CNTs did not have the sensitivity to unequivocally demonstrate degradation of these materials. To obtain unambiguous results with regard to the biotransformability of CNTs in the horseradish peroxidase system we incubated: (a) (14)C-labeled multiwalled CNTs, homologous to Baytubes CNTs; and (b) (13)C-depleted single-walled CNTs, used in previous studies. Our results show that (14)C-CO2 evolved linearly at a rate of about 0.02‰ per day, and at the end of the 30-day incubations the CO2 evolved amounted to about 0.5‰ of both initial substrates, the (14)C-labeled multiwalled and (13)C-depleted single-walled CNTs. These results clearly show that CNT material is oxidized in the horseradish peroxidase system but with half-lives of about 80 years and not a few days as has been reported before. Adequately addressing biotransformation rates of CNTs is key toward a better understanding of the fate of these materials in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Xanat Flores-Cervantes
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Überlandstrasse 133 , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Lim HE, Miyata Y, Kitaura R, Nishimura Y, Nishimoto Y, Irle S, Warner JH, Kataura H, Shinohara H. Growth of carbon nanotubes via twisted graphene nanoribbons. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2548. [PMID: 24091379 PMCID: PMC3806408 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have long been described as rolled-up graphene sheets. It is only fairly recently observed that longitudinal cleavage of carbon nanotubes, using chemical, catalytical and electrical approaches, unzips them into thin graphene strips of various widths, the so-called graphene nanoribbons. In contrast, rolling up these flimsy ribbons into tubes in a real experiment has not been possible. Theoretical studies conducted by Kit et al. recently demonstrated the tube formation through twisting of graphene nanoribbon, an idea very different from the rolling-up postulation. Here we report the first experimental evidence of a thermally induced self-intertwining of graphene nanoribbons for the preferential synthesis of (7, 2) and (8, 1) tubes within parent-tube templates. Through the tailoring of ribbon’s width and edge, the present finding adds a radically new aspect to the understanding of carbon nanotube formation, shedding much light on not only the future chirality tuning, but also contemporary nanomaterials engineering. Carbon nanotubes can be considered as rolled-up small sheets of graphene. Here Lim and colleagues demonstrate this process, by fabricating carbon nanotubes through a thermally induced process of self-intertwining of graphene nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong En Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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Quantifying the Aggregation Factor in Carbon Nanotube Dispersions by Absorption Spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/328627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) wavelength region has been used to quantify the aggregation factor of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in liquid media through a series of controlled experiments. SWCNT bundles are dispersed in selected solvents using a calibrated ultrasonicator, which helps in determining the true amount of energy used in the exfoliation process. We also establish the selectivity of the centrifugation process, under the conditions used, in removing the nanotube aggregates as a function of the sonication time and the dispersion solvent. This study, along with the calibration of the sonication process, is shown to be very important for measuring the true aggregation factor of SWCNTs through a modified approach. We also show that the systematic characterization of SWCNT dispersions by optical spectroscopy significantly contributes to the success of dielectrophoresis (DEP) of nanotubes at predefined on-chip positions. The presence of individually dispersed SWCNTs in the dispersions is substantiated by dielectrophoretic assembly and post-DEP electromechanical measurements.
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35
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Gubitosi M, Trillo JV, Alfaro Vargas A, Pavel NV, Gazzoli D, Sennato S, Jover A, Meijide F, Galantini L. Characterization of carbon nanotube dispersions in solutions of bile salts and derivatives containing aromatic substituents. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:1012-21. [PMID: 24417378 DOI: 10.1021/jp407145t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Bile salts (BS) are known to solubilize high weight fractions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solutions. Here, the efficiency of derivatives of bile salts (BSDs) containing aromatic substituents in dispersing single-wall CNTs (SWCNTs) has been investigated in order to check whether the presence of aromatic residues, because of their affinity toward carbon nanotube surfaces, determines improvements of the BS dispersion efficiency (DE). Electric arc and CoMoCAT SWCNTs were analyzed. The results, reported for the two surfactant concentrations of 0.06 and 1.0 wt %, show that the DE of BSDs depends on the position, orientation, and structure of the introduced aromatic residues. In the case of the CoMoCAT SWCNTs, at low surfactant concentration a DE improvement is observed in BSDs where the aromatic residue is linked either to carbon 3, located on the rigid four-ring system, or to the side chain. For the latter, this improvement is also enhanced in double-charge derivatives and kept at high surfactant concentration. It was also observed that at low concentrations of surfactant, the DE values of BSs and BSDs are usually larger than those of the more conventional detergent sodium dodecylsulfate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gubitosi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, "Sapienza" Università di Roma , P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy
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36
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Chen YC, Wen CC, Liau I, Hsieh YZ, Hsu HY. Oligonucleotides as ‘bio-solvent’ for in situ extraction and functionalisation of carbon nanoparticles. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:4100-4107. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00314d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We used ssDNA oligonucleotides as a ‘bio-solvent’ for CNP extraction and in situ functionalisation, developing efficient, eco-friendly, biocompatible fluorescence probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che Wen
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ian Liau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - You-Zung Hsieh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Hsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science
- National Chiao-Tung University
- Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
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Gao J, Loo YL. Effect of ozone exposure on the electrical characteristics of high-purity, large-diameter semiconducting carbon nanotubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10861-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00665h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Presorted, semiconducting carbon nanotubes in the channels of field-effect transistors undergo simultaneous p-doping and oxidation during ozone exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton, USA
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Princeton University
- Princeton, USA
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López-Lorente AI, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Raman spectroscopic characterization of single walled carbon nanotubes: influence of the sample aggregation state. Analyst 2014; 139:290-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00642e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Martinez DST, Franchi LP, Freria CM, Ferreira OP, Filho AGS, Alves OL, Takahashi CS. Carbon Nanotubes: From Synthesis to Genotoxicity. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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40
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Chia X, Ambrosi A, Pumera M. Redox reaction of p-aminophenol at carbon nanotube electrodes is accelerated by carbonaceous impurities. Electrochem commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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41
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Scheinberg DA, McDevitt MR, Dao T, Mulvey JJ, Feinberg E, Alidori S. Carbon nanotubes as vaccine scaffolds. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:2016-22. [PMID: 23899863 PMCID: PMC3855883 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes display characteristics that are potentially useful in their development as scaffolds for vaccine compositions. These features include stability in vivo, lack of intrinsic immunogenicity, low toxicity, and the ability to be appended with multiple copies of antigens. In addition, the particulate nature of carbon nanotubes and their unusual properties of rapid entry into antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, make them especially useful as carriers of antigens. Early attempts demonstrating carbon nanotube-based vaccines can be used in both infectious disease settings and cancer are promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Scheinberg
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Departments of Medicine and Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Shrestha B, Acosta-Martinez V, Cox SB, Green MJ, Li S, Cañas-Carrell JE. An evaluation of the impact of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on soil microbial community structure and functioning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 261:188-97. [PMID: 23921182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on microbial community composition and functioning in a sandy loam soil over 90 d. We used test concentrations in the range of lower MWNT concentrations (10mg/kg) to extremely high MWNT concentrations (10,000 mg/kg) as a worst case scenario. We observed no effects of MWNTs on soil respiration, enzymatic activities, and microbial community composition at 10, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg. However, increases in fungal fatty acid methyl ester markers were observed at the highest treatment. In addition, pyrosequencing demonstrated a decreased abundance of some bacterial genera like Derxia, Holophaga, Opitutus and Waddlia at the highest treatment while bacterial genera that are considered potential degraders of recalcitrant contaminants (such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) like Rhodococcus, Cellulomonas, Nocardioides and Pseudomonas increased. These results suggest a shift in soil microbial community composition to more tolerant microbial populations in the presence of extremely high MWNT concentrations. It is unlikely that the change observed at 10,000 mg/kg is due to metal or carbon impurities as the MWNTs used in this study were of high purity. Given the need for wide-ranging data for regulation and risk assessment of nanomaterials, this study provides valuable data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babina Shrestha
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, The Institute of Environmental and Human Health (TIEHH), Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
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Khajeh M, Laurent S, Dastafkan K. Nanoadsorbents: Classification, Preparation, and Applications (with Emphasis on Aqueous Media). Chem Rev 2013; 113:7728-68. [DOI: 10.1021/cr400086v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Mofateh Street, Zabol, Sistan & Balouchestan 98615-538, Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Department of General, Organic and Biomedical Chemistry, NMR and Molecular Imaging Laboratory, University of Mons, 20, Place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Kamran Dastafkan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, Mofateh Street, Zabol, Sistan & Balouchestan 98615-538, Iran
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Ashrafi B, Martinez-Rubi Y, Khoun L, Yourdkhani M, Kingston CT, Hubert P, Simard B, Johnston A. Influence of the reaction stoichiometry on the mechanical and thermal properties of SWCNT-modified epoxy composites. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:265701. [PMID: 23732221 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/26/265701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a considerable influence on the curing behavior and crosslink density of epoxy resins. This invariably has an important effect on different thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy network. This work focuses on the important role of the epoxy/hardener mixing ratio on the mechanical and thermal properties of a high temperature aerospace-grade epoxy (MY0510 Araldite as an epoxy and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone as an aromatic hardener) modified with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The effects of three different stoichiometries (stoichiometric and off-stoichiometric) on various mechanical and thermal properties (fracture toughness, tensile properties, glass transition temperature) of the epoxy resin and its SWCNT-modified composites were obtained. The results were also supported by Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the neat resin, it was found that an epoxy/hardener molar ratio of 1:0.8 provides the best overall properties. In contrast, the pattern in property changes with the reaction stoichiometry was considerably different for composites reinforced with unfunctionalized SWCNTs and reduced SWCNTs. A comparison among composites suggests that a 1:1 molar ratio considerably outperforms the other two ratios examined in this work (1:0.8 and 1:1.1). This composition at 0.2 wt% SWCNT loading provides the highest overall mechanical properties by improving fracture toughness, ultimate tensile strength and ultimate tensile strain of the epoxy resin by 40%, 34%, 54%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Ashrafi
- Aerospace Portfolio, National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, K1A 0R6, Canada.
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45
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Simple and fast fluorimetric determination of the critical gel concentration of soft nanomaterials. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 785:91-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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46
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Polo-Luque M, Simonet B, Valcárcel M. Effect of carbon nanotubes on properties of soft materials based on carbon nanotubes–ionic liquid combinations. Talanta 2013; 110:160-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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47
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Justino CI, Freitas AC, Amaral JP, Rocha-Santos TA, Cardoso S, Duarte AC. Disposable immunosensors for C-reactive protein based on carbon nanotubes field effect transistors. Talanta 2013; 108:165-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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48
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Zamolo VA, Vazquez E, Prato M. Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structure, functionalization, and characterization. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2013; 350:65-109. [PMID: 23408276 DOI: 10.1007/128_2012_403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes have generated great expectations in the scientific arena, mainly due to their spectacular properties, which include a high aspect ratio, high strain resistance, and high strength, along with high conductivities. Nowadays, carbon nanotubes are produced by a variety of methods, each of them with advantages and disadvantages. Once produced, carbon nanotubes can be chemically modified, using a wide range of chemical reactions. Functionalization makes these long wires much easier to manipulate and dispersible in several solvents. In addition, the properties of carbon nanotubes can be combined with those of organic appendages. Finally, carbon nanotubes need to be carefully characterized, either as pristine or modified materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Anna Zamolo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials (CENMAT) and INSTM, Unit of Trieste, University of Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
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49
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Bayazit MK, Coleman KS. Probing the Selectivity of Azomethine Imine Cycloaddition to Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2925-30. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Najeeb CK, Lee JH, Kim JH, Kim D. Highly efficient individual dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using biocompatible dispersant. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 102:95-101. [PMID: 23006556 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Individual dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in biocompatible media is of particular interest for diverse biomedical and nanomedicine applications. Herein we present, for the first time, a neutral pH water-soluble chitosan derivative, chitosan-hydroxyphenyl acetamide (CHPA), prepared by functionalizing the amino groups of chitosan with 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, as an efficient biocompatible dispersant to effectively debundle and individually disperse SWNTs in a neutral aqueous solution. For efficient individual dispersion of SWNTs, various process conditions such as centrifugation speed, sonication power, and CNT:dispersant ratio were optimized based on characterizations by atomic force microscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Evaluation of the SWNT-CHPA solution showed superior individual dispersion to samples prepared using other biocompatible dispersants. The highly efficient individual dispersion of SWNTs with the biocompatible dispersant opens up possibilities for its applications in the bio- and nanomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choolakadavil Khalid Najeeb
- Department of Nano Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, 171 Jang-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea
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