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Wu J, Jia J, Ji D, Jiao W, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Advances in nitric oxide regulators for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115912. [PMID: 37931330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) derived from l-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS) is closely associated with IS. Three isomers of NOS (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS) produce different concentrations of NO, resulting in quite unlike effects during IS. Of them, n/iNOSs generate high levels of NO, detrimental to brain by causing nerve cell apoptosis and/or necrosis, whereas eNOS releases small amounts of NO, beneficial to the brain via increasing cerebral blood flow and improving nerve function. As a result, a large variety of NO regulators (NO donors or n/iNOS inhibitors) have been developed for fighting IS. Regrettably, up to now, no review systematically introduces the progresses in this area. This article first outlines dynamic variation rule of NOS/NO in IS, subsequently highlights advances in NO regulators against IS, and finally presents perspectives based on concentration-, site- and timing-effects of NO production to promote this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Duorui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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2
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Sun J, Zhang X, Wang X, Peng J, Song G, Di Y, Feng F, Wang S. Dithiol-Activated Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Synergistic Chemophototherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213765. [PMID: 36342403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The controlled intracellular release of nitrite is still an unmet challenge due to the lack of bio-friendly donors, and the antitumor effect of nitrite is limited by its physiologically inert activity. Herein, we designed benzothiadiazole-based organic nitrite donors that are stable against bio-relevant species but selectively respond to dithiol species through SN Ar/intramolecular cyclization tandem reactions in the aqueous media. The bioorthogonal system was established to target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cancer HepG2 cells. The nitrite and nonivamide were coupled to induce elevation of intracellular levels of calcium ions as well as reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which resulted in ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrated that a combination of photoactivation and "click to release" strategy could enhance antitumor effect in cellular level and show good potential for cancer precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Peng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fude Feng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
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3
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Scarim CB, Pavan FR. Recent advancement in drug development of nitro(NO 2 )-heterocyclic compounds as lead scaffolds for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:842-858. [PMID: 35106801 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused predominantly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It was responsible for approximately 1.4 million deaths worldwide in 2019. The lack of new drugs to treat drug-resistant strains is a principal factor for the slow rise in TB infections. Our aim is to aid the development of new TB treatments by describing improvements (last decade, 2011-2021) to nitro(NO2 )-based compounds that have shown activity or pharmacological properties (e.g., anti-proliferative, anti-kinetoplastid) against Mtb. For all compounds, we have included final correlations of minimum inhibitory concentrations against Mtb (H37 Rv).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê Benito Scarim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC), Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Fernando Rogério Pavan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Wu J, Yin W, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Jia J, Cheng H, Kang F, Huang K, Sun T, Tian J, Xu X, Zhang Y. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Organic Nitrite (NO 2-) Donors as Potential Anticerebral Ischemia Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10919-10933. [PMID: 34292749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of ischemic stroke (IS) remains a big challenge in clinics, and it is urgently needed to develop novel, safe, and effective medicines against IS. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of organic NO2- donors as potential agents for the treatment of IS. The representative compound 4a was able to slowly generate low concentrations of NO2- by reaction with a thiol-containing nucleophile, and the NO2- was selectively converted into NO under ischemic/hypoxia conditions to protect primary rat neurons from oxygen-glucose deprivation and recovery (OGD/R)-induced cytotoxicity by enhancing the Nrf2 signaling and activating the NO/cGMP/PKG pathway. Treatment with 4a at 2 h before or after ischemia mitigated the ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats by producing NO and enhancing Nrf2 signaling. Furthermore, 4a significantly promoted endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis within the ischemic penumbra. Our findings suggest that this type of NO2- donors, like 4a, may be valuable to fight IS and other ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Wei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yinqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fenghua Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Kai Huang
- The Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P.R. China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jide Tian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
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5
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Fazzari M, Woodcock SR, Rowart P, Ricart K, Lancaster JR, Patel R, Vitturi DA, Freeman BA, Schopfer FJ. Endogenous generation of nitro-fatty acid hybrids having dual nitrate ester (RONO 2) and nitroalkene (RNO 2) substituents. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101913. [PMID: 33819836 PMCID: PMC8049994 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic nitrate esters, long-recognized therapies for cardiovascular disorders, have not been detected biologically. We characterize in rat stomach unsaturated fatty acid nitration reactions that proceed by generation of nitro-nitrate intermediates (NO2-ONO2-FA) via oxygen and nitrite dependent reactions. NO2-ONO2-lipids represent ∼70% of all nitrated lipids in the stomach and they decay in vitro at neutral or basic pH by the loss of the nitrate ester group (-ONO2) from the carbon backbone upon deprotonation of the α-carbon (pKa ∼7), yielding nitrate, nitrite, nitrosative species, and an electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkene product (NO2-FA). Of note, NO2-FA are anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective signaling mediators, which are undergoing Phase II trials for the treatment of kidney and pulmonary diseases. The decay of NO2-ONO2-FA occurs during intestinal transit and absorption, leading to the formation of NO2-FA that were subsequently detected in circulating plasma triglycerides. These observations provide new insight into unsaturated fatty acid nitration mechanisms, identify nitro-nitrate ester-containing lipids as intermediates in the formation of both secondary nitrogen oxides and electrophilic fatty acid nitroalkenes, and expand the scope of endogenous products stemming from metabolic reactions of nitrogen oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Fazzari
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA.
| | - Steven R Woodcock
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Pascal Rowart
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Karina Ricart
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Jack R Lancaster
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama, 901 19th Street South, Birmingham, 35294, AL, USA
| | - Dario A Vitturi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA; Center for Critical Care Nephrology, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA
| | - Francisco J Schopfer
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, 15261, PA, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
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6
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Gabrielli S, Mariotti N, Chiurchiù E, Ballini R, Petrini M, Palmieri A. Synthetic Approach to the Preparation of (2-Acetoxy)allyl Nitro Compounds. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12855-12862. [PMID: 30251854 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic approach to a new class of allyl nitro derivatives is reported. (2-Acetoxy)allyl nitro compounds have been prepared for the first time in a four-step procedure by a preliminary reaction of nitroalkanes with 2-(phenylselenyl)acetaldehyde. After the acetylation of the obtained nitro alcohols, the unsaturation is installed by an oxidation reaction involving the phenylselenyl group followed by a thermal elimination. The oxidation process is accomplished under flow conditions ensuring a notable lowering of overoxidation by products observed in batch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gabrielli
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
| | - Nicole Mariotti
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
| | - Elena Chiurchiù
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
| | - Roberto Ballini
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
| | - Marino Petrini
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- Green Chemistry Group, School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division , University of Camerino , Via S. Agostino 1 , Camerino , Macerata 62032 , Italy
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7
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Bouyacoub Y, Zribi H, Azzouz H, Nasrallah F, Abdelaziz RB, Kacem M, Rekaya B, Messaoud O, Romdhane L, Charfeddine C, Bouziri M, Bouziri S, Tebib N, Mokni M, Kaabachi N, Boubaker S, Abdelhak S. Novel and recurrent mutations in the TAT gene in Tunisian families affected with Richner-Hanhart syndrome. Gene 2013; 529:45-9. [PMID: 23954227 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosinemia type II, also designated as oculocutaneous tyrosinemia or Richner-Hanhart syndrome (RHS), is a very rare autosomal recessive disorder. In the present study, we report clinical features and molecular genetic investigation of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene in two young patients, both born to consanguineous unions between first-degree cousins. These two unrelated families originated from Northern and Southern Tunisia. The clinical diagnosis was based on the observation of several complications related to Richner-Hanhart syndrome: recurrent eye redness, tearing and burning pain, photophobia, bilateral pseudodendritic keratitis, an erythematous and painful focal palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis and a mild delay of mental development. The diagnosis was confirmed by biochemical analysis. Sequencing of the TAT gene revealed the presence of a previously reported missense mutation (c.452G>A, p.Cys151Tyr) in a Tunisian family, and a novel G duplication (c.869dupG, p.Trp291Leufs 6). Early diagnosis of RHS and protein-restricted diet are crucial to reduce the risk and the severity of long-term complications of hypertyrosinemia such as intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Bouyacoub
- Université Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, LR11IPT05, Génomique Biomédicale et Oncogénétique, 1002 Tunis,Tunisia; Université de Monastire, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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8
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Bueno M, Wang J, Mora AL, Gladwin MT. Nitrite signaling in pulmonary hypertension: mechanisms of bioactivation, signaling, and therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:1797-809. [PMID: 22871207 PMCID: PMC3619206 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disorder characterized by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and mean pulmonary artery pressure leading to impaired function of the right ventricle, reduced cardiac output, and death. An imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators plays an important role in the pathobiology of PAH. RECENT ADVANCES Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator in the lung, whose bioavailability and signaling pathway are impaired in PAH. It is now appreciated that the oxidative product of NO metabolism, the inorganic anion nitrite (NO(2)(-)), functions as an intravascular endocrine reservoir of NO bioactivity that can be reduced back to NO under physiological and pathological hypoxia. CRITICAL ISSUES The conversion of nitrite to NO is controlled by coupled electron and proton transfer reactions between heme- and molybdenum-containing proteins, such as hemoglobin and xanthine oxidase, and by simple protonation and disproportionation, and possibly by catalyzed disproportionation. The two major sources of nitrite (and nitrate) are the endogenous L-arginine-NO pathway, by oxidation of NO, and the diet, with conversion of nitrate from diet into nitrite by oral commensal bacteria. In the current article, we review the enzymatic formation of nitrite and the available data regarding its use as a therapy for PAH and other cardiovascular diseases. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The successful efficacy demonstrated in several animal models and safety in early clinical trials suggest that nitrite may represent a promising new therapy for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bueno
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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9
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Vlasova EA, Hessenauer-Ilicheva N, Salnikov DS, Kudrik EV, Makarov SV, van Eldik R. Kinetics and mechanism of the Co(II)-assisted oxidation of l-ascorbic acid by dioxygen and nitrite in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2009:10541-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b906478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Manini P, Capelli L, Reale S, Arzillo M, Crescenzi O, Napolitano A, Barone V, d’Ischia M. Chemistry of Nitrated Lipids: Remarkable Instability of 9-Nitrolinoleic Acid in Neutral Aqueous Medium and a Novel Nitronitrate Ester Product by Concurrent Autoxidation/Nitric Oxide-Release Pathways. J Org Chem 2008; 73:7517-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jo801364v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Manini
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Luigia Capelli
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Samantha Reale
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marianna Arzillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Orlando Crescenzi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Napolitano
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco d’Ischia
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica, Ingegneria Chimica e Materiali, Università degli Studi di L’Aquila, via Vetoio Coppito II, I-67100 Coppito, L’Aquila, “Paolo Corradini” Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Naples Federico II, via Cinthia 4, I-80126 Naples, Italy, and Institute for Physico-Chemical Processes (IPCF)-CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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11
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Jain K, Siddam A, Marathi A, Roy U, Falck JR, Balazy M. The mechanism of oleic acid nitration by *NO(2). Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 45:269-83. [PMID: 18457679 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2008] [Accepted: 04/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid nitration is a recently discovered process that generates biologically active nitro lipids; however, its mechanism has not been fully characterized. For example, some structural details such as vinyl and allyl isomers of the nitro fatty acids have not been established. To characterize lipids that originated from a biomimetic reaction of *NO(2) with oleic acid, we synthesized several isomers of nitro oleic acids and studied their chromatography and mass spectra by various techniques of mass spectrometry. LC/MS analysis performed on a high resolution micro column detected molecular carboxylic anions of various oleic acid nitro isomers (NO(2)OA). Esterification of NO(2)OA with pentafluorobenzyl bromide and diisopropylethylamine as a catalyst produced a unique isoxazole ester derivative exclusively from allyl NO(2)OA isomers via dehydration of the nitro group at ambient temperatures. This new analytical procedure revealed that *NO(2) generated two vinyl and two allyl isomers of NO(2)OA. The vinyl isomers showed high regioselectivity with the 1.8:1 preference for the 10-NO(2)OA isomer that was absent among allylic isomers. The nitration also generated elaidic acid via cis-trans isomerization and diatereoisomers of vicinal nitro hydroxy, nitro keto and alpha-nitro epoxy stearic acids with high stereo and regioselectivity. Nitration of small unilamelar phospholipid vesicles resulted in several phospholipids containing nitro lipids and elaidic acid amenable to hydrolysis by phospholipase A(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Jain
- New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Li X, Zhu XQ, Zhang F, Wang XX, Cheng JP. Establishment of Heterolytic and Homolytic Y−NO2 Bond Dissociation Energy Scales of Nitro-Containing Compounds in Acetonitrile: Chemical Origin of NO2 Release and Capture. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2428-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ;
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ;
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ;
| | - Xiao-Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ;
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China ;
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Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Gladwin MT. The nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in physiology and therapeutics. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2008; 7:156-67. [PMID: 18167491 DOI: 10.1038/nrd2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1806] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) were previously thought to be inert end products of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) metabolism. However, recent studies show that these supposedly inert anions can be recycled in vivo to form NO, representing an important alternative source of NO to the classical L-arginine-NO-synthase pathway, in particular in hypoxic states. This Review discusses the emerging important biological functions of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, and highlights studies that implicate the therapeutic potential of nitrate and nitrite in conditions such as myocardial infarction, stroke, systemic and pulmonary hypertension, and gastric ulceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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