1
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Tang J, Zhang B, Zhang M, Yang H. Interfacial Effects of Catalysis in Pickering Emulsions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:8973-8983. [PMID: 39186038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid or gas-liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in nature and in industrial production. Understanding the unique effects arising from the asymmetric interfaces and controlling the catalytic reactions are frontiers of physical chemistry. However, our understanding of the reactivity and selectivity at the interfaces remains scant. Pickering emulsions are emerging as a stable biphasic reaction system, which provides a new opportunity for clarifying the inherent features responsible for prominent interfacial reactivity or selectivity. This Perspective tentatively discusses the unique effects of interfacial adsorption, hydrogen bonding of water molecules, and strong electric field at the interfaces. Additionally, it highlights key insights into the fundamental mechanisms of reaction kinetic and thermodynamic alterations, molecular orientations, and the spontaneous generation of reactive species at the interfaces through representative examples. Finally, we delineate the current challenges and propose future research directions. The perspectives advanced herein may serve as valuable guidance for the design of efficient interfacial catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
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2
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Ni F, Wang Z, Feng X. On-Water Surface Synthesis of Two-Dimensional Polymer Membranes for Sustainable Energy Devices. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:2414-2427. [PMID: 39126386 PMCID: PMC11339920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusIon-selective membranes are key components for sustainable energy devices, including osmotic power generators, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and batteries. These membranes facilitate the flow of desired ions (permeability) while efficiently blocking unwanted ions (selectivity), which forms the basis for energy conversion and storage technologies. To improve the performance of energy devices, the pursuit of high-quality membranes has garnered substantial interest, which has led to the exploration of numerous candidates, such as polymeric membranes (e.g., polyamide and polyelectrolyte), laminar membranes (e.g., transition metal carbide (MXene) and graphene oxide (GO)) and nanoporous 2D membranes (e.g., single-layer MoS2 and porous graphene). Despite impressive progress, the trade-off effect between ion permeability and selectivity remains a major scientific and technological challenge for these membranes, impeding the efficiency and stability of the resulting energy devices.Two-dimensional polymers (2DPs), which represent monolayer to few-layer covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with periodicity in two directions, have emerged as a new candidate for ion-selective membranes. The crystalline 2DP membranes (2DPMs) are typically fabricated either by bulk crystal exfoliation followed by filtration or by direct interfacial synthesis. Recently, the development of surfactant-monolayer-assisted interfacial synthesis (SMAIS) method by our group has been pivotal, enabling the synthesis of various highly crystalline and large-area 2DPMs with tunable thicknesses (1 to 100 nm) and large crystalline domain sizes (up to 120 μm2). Compared to other membranes, 2DPMs exhibit well-defined one-dimensional (1D) channels, customizable surface charge, ultrahigh porosity, and ultrathin thickness, enabling them to overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off challenge. Leveraging these attributes, 2DPMs have established their critical roles in diverse energy devices, including osmotic power generators and metal ion batteries, opening the door for next-generation technology aimed at sustainability with a low carbon footprint.In this Account, we review our achievements in synthesizing 2DPMs through the SMAIS method and highlight their selective-ion-transport properties and applications in sustainable energy devices. We initially provide an overview of the SMAIS method for producing highly crystalline 2DPMs by utilizing the programmable assembly and enhanced reactivity/selectivity on the water surface. Subsequently, we discuss the critical structural parameters of 2DPMs, including pore sizes, charged sites, crystallinity, and thickness, to elucidate their roles in selective ion transport. Furthermore, we present the burgeoning landscape of energy device applications for 2DPMs, including their use in osmotic power generators and as electrode coating in metal ion batteries. Finally, we conclude persistent challenges and future prospects encountered in synthetic chemistry, material science, and energy device applications within this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ni
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Synthetic Materials and Functional Devices, Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) and Faculty of Chemistry
and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
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3
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Qiu L, Li X, Holden DT, Cooks RG. Reaction acceleration at the surface of a levitated droplet by vapor dosing from a partner droplet. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12277-12283. [PMID: 39118618 PMCID: PMC11304536 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical reactions in micrometer-sized droplets can be accelerated by up to six orders of magnitude. However, this acceleration factor (ratio of rate constants relative to bulk) drops to less than 10 for millimeter-sized droplets due to the reduction in surface/volume ratio. To enhance the acceleration in millimeter-sized droplets, we use a new synthesis platform that directly doses reagent vapor onto the reaction droplet surface from a second levitated droplet. Using Katritzky transamination as a model reaction, we made quantitative measurements on size-controlled vapor-dosed droplets, revealing a 31-fold increase in reaction rate constants when examining the entire droplet contents. This enhancement is attributed to a greater reaction rate constant in the droplet surface region (estimated as 105 times greater than that for the bulk). The capability for substantial reaction acceleration in large droplets highlights the potential for rapid synthesis of important chemicals at useful scales. For example, we successfully prepared 23 pyridinium salts within minutes. This efficiency positions droplets as an exceptional platform for rapid, in situ catalyst synthesis. This is illustrated by the preparation of pyridinium salts as photocatalysts and their subsequent use in mediation of amine oxidation both within the same droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Xilai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - Dylan T Holden
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University 560 Oval Drive West Lafayette Indiana 47907 USA
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4
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Rana A, Renault C, Dick JE. Understanding dynamic voltammetry in a dissolving microdroplet. Analyst 2024; 149:3939-3950. [PMID: 38916245 PMCID: PMC11262062 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00299g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Droplet evaporation and dissolution phenomena are pervasive in both natural and artificial systems, playing crucial roles in various applications. Understanding the intricate processes involved in the evaporation and dissolution of sessile droplets is of paramount importance for applications such as inkjet printing, surface coating, and nanoparticle deposition, etc. In this study, we present a demonstration of electrochemical investigation of the dissolution behaviour in sub-nL droplets down to sub-pL volume. Droplets on an electrode have been studied for decades in the field of electrochemistry to understand the phase transfer of ions at the oil-water interface, accelerated reaction rates in microdroplets, etc. However, the impact of microdroplet dissolution on the redox activity of confined molecules within the droplet has not been explored previously. As a proof-of-principle, we examine the dissolution kinetics of 1,2-dichloroethane droplets (DCE) spiked with 155 μM decamethylferrocene within an aqueous phase on an ultramicroelectrode (r = 6.3 μm). The aqueous phase serves as an infinite sink, enabling the dissolution of DCE droplets while also facilitating convenient electrical contact with the reference/counter electrode (Ag/AgCl 1 M KCl). Through comprehensive voltammetric analysis, we unravel the impact of droplet dissolution on electrochemical response as the droplet reaches minuscule volumes. We validate our experimental findings by finite element modelling, which shows deviations from the experimental results as the droplet accesses negligible volumes, suggesting the presence of complex dissolution modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Christophe Renault
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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5
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Lee K, Cho Y, Kim JC, Choi C, Kim J, Lee JK, Li S, Kwak SK, Choi SQ. Catalyst-free selective oxidation of C(sp 3)-H bonds in toluene on water. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6127. [PMID: 39033208 PMCID: PMC11271591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The anisotropic water interfaces provide an environment to drive various chemical reactions not seen in bulk solutions. However, catalytic reactions by the aqueous interfaces are still in their infancy, with the emphasis being on the reaction rate acceleration on water. Here, we report that the oil-water interface activates and oxidizes C(sp3)-H bonds in toluene, yielding benzaldehyde with high selectivity (>99%) and conversion (>99%) under mild, catalyst-free conditions. Collision at the interface between oil-dissolved toluene and hydroxyl radicals spontaneously generated near the water-side interfaces is responsible for the unexpectedly high selectivity. Protrusion of free OH groups from interfacial water destabilizes the transition state of the OH-addition by forming π-hydrogen bonds with toluene, while the H-abstraction remains unchanged to effectively activate C(sp3)-H bonds. Moreover, the exposed free OH groups form hydrogen bonds with the produced benzaldehyde, suppressing it from being overoxidized. Our investigation shows that the oil-water interface has considerable promise for chemoselective redox reactions on water without any catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Chul Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiyoung Choi
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyoo Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Kwak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Q Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for the Nanocentury, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Liu X, Zhu R, Yang Y, Xue Y, Xu D. Theoretical insights into enantioselective [2 + 1] cyclopropanation reactions of diazo compounds with electron-deficient olefins. J Mol Model 2024; 30:274. [PMID: 39023638 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The cyclopropane skeleton plays a significant role in bioactive molecules due to its distinctive structural properties. This has sparked keen interest and in-depth exploration in the field of stereoselective synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives. In the present study, the mechanism and the origin of stereoselectivity of diastereodivergent synthesis of cyclopropane derivatives via the catalyst-free [2 + 1]-cyclopropanation reactions of 3-diazo-N-methylindole (R1) with two types of electron-deficient olefins (R2 and R3) in both aqueous and toluene media have been studied using the DFT calculations. The findings indicate that these [2 + 1] cycloaddition reactions proceed in two stages, where the first step is not only the rate-determining step but also critically dictates the stereoselectivity of the product. The calculated diastereomeric ratios are in agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, by utilizing non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis and energy decomposition analysis based on molecular force fields (EDA-FF), we elucidated that the electrostatic interactions between reactant fragments in the transition state TS1s for the first step are the predominant factors determining the stereoselectivity, as opposed to the experimentally hypothesized steric hindrance and π-π stacking interactions. METHODS The geometrical structures of all minima and transition states on the potential energy surface (PES) in solvents water and toluene were fully optimized using the DFT method at the M06-2X(D3)/SMD/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. Single-point energy calculations were carried out based on the optimized geometries in the solution at the M06-2X(D3)/6-311 + G(d,p) level. All the DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 09 software. The optimized molecular structures were visualized using CYLview software. NCI analysis was performed using the Multiwfn and VMD softwares. The Multiwfn program was also used for CDFT and EDA-FF analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dingguo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Key Lab of Green Chemistry and Technology in Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, People's Republic of China
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7
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Vannoy KJ, Edwards MQ, Renault C, Dick JE. An Electrochemical Perspective on Reaction Acceleration in Microdroplets. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2024; 17:149-171. [PMID: 38594942 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061622-030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Analytical techniques operating at the nanoscale introduce confinement as a tool at our disposal. This review delves into the phenomenon of accelerated reactivity within micro- and nanodroplets. A decade of accelerated reactivity observations was succeeded by several years of fundamental studies aimed at mechanistic enlightenment. Herein, we provide a brief historical context for rate enhancement in and around micro- and nanodroplets and summarize the mechanisms that have been proposed to contribute to such extraordinary reactivity. We highlight recent electrochemical reports that make use of restricted mass transfer to enhance electrochemical reactions and/or quantitatively measure reaction rates within droplet-confined electrochemical cells. A comprehensive approach to nanodroplet reactivity is paramount to understanding how nature takes advantage of these systems to provide life on Earth and, in turn, how to harness the full potential of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Vannoy
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
| | | | - Christophe Renault
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 2Current Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- 1Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA;
- 3Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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8
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Judd KD, Parsons SW, Eremin DB, Fokin VV, Dawlaty JM. Visualizing partial solvation at the air-water interface. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8346-8354. [PMID: 38846382 PMCID: PMC11151832 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01311e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant research, the mechanistic nuances of unusual reactivity at the air-water interface, especially in microdroplets, remain elusive. The likely contributors include electric fields and partial solvation at the interface. To reveal these intricacies, we measure the frequency shift of a well-defined azide vibrational probe at the air-water interface, while independently controlling the surface charge density by introducing surfactants. First, we establish the response of the probe in the bulk and demonstrate that it is sensitive to both electrostatics and hydrogen bonding. From interfacial spectroscopy we infer that the azide is neither fully hydrated nor in a completely aprotic dielectric environment; instead, it experiences an intermediate environment. In the presence of hydrogen bond-accepting sulphate surfactants, competition arises for interfacial water with the azide. However, the dominant influence stems from the electrostatic effect of their negative heads, resulting in a significant blue-shift. Conversely, for the positive ammonium surfactants, our data indicate a balanced interplay between electrostatics and hydrogen bonding, leading to a minimal shift in the probe. Our results demonstrate partial solvation at the interface and highlights that both hydrogen bonding and electrostatics may assist or oppose each other in polarizing a reactant, intermediate, or product at the interface, which is important for understanding and tuning interfacial reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Judd
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Sean W Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Dmitry B Eremin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Valery V Fokin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Jahan M Dawlaty
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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9
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Tangyen N, Natongchai W, D’Elia V. Catalytic Strategies for the Cycloaddition of CO 2 to Epoxides in Aqueous Media to Enhance the Activity and Recyclability of Molecular Organocatalysts. Molecules 2024; 29:2307. [PMID: 38792168 PMCID: PMC11124216 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides to afford versatile and useful cyclic carbonate compounds is a highly investigated method for the nonreductive upcycling of CO2. One of the main focuses of the current research in this area is the discovery of readily available, sustainable, and inexpensive catalysts, and of catalytic methodologies that allow their seamless solvent-free recycling. Water, often regarded as an undesirable pollutant in the cycloaddition process, is progressively emerging as a helpful reaction component. On the one hand, it serves as an inexpensive hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to enhance the performance of ionic compounds; on the other hand, aqueous media allow the development of diverse catalytic protocols that can boost catalytic performance or ease the recycling of molecular catalysts. An overview of the advances in the use of aqueous and biphasic aqueous systems for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides is provided in this work along with recommendations for possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Valerio D’Elia
- VISTEC Advanced Laboratory for Environment-Related Inorganic and Organic Syntheses, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Wangchan, Thailand; (N.T.); (W.N.)
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10
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Kim SB, Kim DH, Bae HY. "On-Water" accelerated dearomative cycloaddition via aquaphotocatalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3876. [PMID: 38719834 PMCID: PMC11079013 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) has emerged as an innovative click chemistry to harness the pivotal connectivity of sulfonyl fluorides. Synthesizing such alkylated S(VI) molecules through a straightforward process is of paramount importance, and their water-compatibility opens the door to a plethora of applications in biorelevant and materials chemistry. Prior aquatic endeavors have primarily focused on delivering catalysts involving ionic mechanisms, studies regarding visible-light photocatalytic transformation are unprecedented. Herein we report an on-water accelerated dearomative aquaphotocatalysis for heterocyclic alkyl SuFEx hubs. Notably, water exerts a pronounced accelerating effect on the [2 + 2] cycloaddition between (hetero)arylated ethenesulfonyl fluorides and inert heteroaromatics. This phenomenon is likely due to the high-pressure-like reactivity amplification at the water-oil interface. Conventional solvents proved totally ineffective, leading to the isomerization of the starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Bok Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Yong Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Niu K, Wang HF, Marcus RA. Sum rule comparison of narrowband and broadband sum frequency generation spectra and comparison with theory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402550121. [PMID: 38691590 PMCID: PMC11087750 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402550121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Earlier sum frequency generation (SFG) experiments involve one infrared and one visible laser, and a measurement of the intensity of the response, yielding data on the surface sensitive properties of the sample. Recently, both the real and imaginary components of the susceptibility were measured in two different sets of experiments. In one set, a broadband infrared laser was used, permitting observations at very short times, while in another set the infrared laser was narrowband, permitting higher spectral resolution. The differences in the spectrum obtained by the two will be most evident in studying narrow absorption bands, e.g., the band due to dangling OH bonds at a water interface. The direct comparisons in the integrated amplitude (sum rule) of the imaginary part of the dangling OH bond region differ by a factor of 3. Due to variations in experimental setup and data processing, corrections were made for the quartz reference, Fresnel factors, and the incident visible laser wavelength. After the corrections, the agreement differs now by the factors of 1.1 within broadband and narrowband groups and the two groups now differ by a factor of 1.5. The 1.5 factor may arise from the extra heating of the more powerful broadband laser system on the water surface. The convolution from the narrowband SFG spectrum to the broadband SFG spectrum is also investigated and it does not affect the sum rule. Theory and narrowband experiments are compared using the sum rule and agree to a factor of 1.3 with no adjustable parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Niu
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University of Technology and Education, Tianjin300222, China
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Hong-fei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou310030, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou310024, China
| | - Rudolph A. Marcus
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
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12
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Zhao H, Zhang J, Li Y, Kuang Z, Song D, Xia A. Theoretical Study on the Reaction between Carcinogenic 2,5-Dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone and tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide: Self-Catalysis and Water Catalysis. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38679886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The potentially carcinogenic halobenzoquinones (HBQs) have been recently identified in drinking water as disinfection byproducts. Several radical intermediates in the reaction of 2,5-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ) and t-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), which may induce DNA damage, were detected experimentally, and metal-independent decomposition reactions of t-BuOOH by DCBQ were proposed. It has not yet been confirmed by theoretical calculations. The theoretical study in this work provides insights into the details of the reaction. An unprecedented self-catalysis mechanism of organic hydroperoxides, that is, the reactant t-BuOOH also has a catalytic effect, was uncovered at the molecular level. Moreover, as the solvent, water molecules also clearly have an efficient catalytic effect. Due to the catalysis of t-BuOOH and water, the metal-independent reaction of t-BuOOH and DCBQ can occur under moderate conditions. Our findings about the novel catalytic effect of organic hydroperoxides t-BuOOH could offer a unique perspective into the design of new catalysts and an understanding of the catalytic biological, environmental, and air pollution reactions. Furthermore, organic hydroperoxide t-BuOOH could serve as a proton shuttle, where the proton transfer process is accompanied by simultaneous charge transfer. Therefore, organic hydroperoxides may disrupt the vital proton transfer process in biological systems and may give rise to unexpected toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoran Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Song
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
| | - Andong Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonic and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (BUPT), Beijing 100876, People's Republic of China
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13
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Roterman I, Stapor K, Dułak D, Konieczny L. External Force Field for Protein Folding in Chaperonins-Potential Application in In Silico Protein Folding. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:18412-18428. [PMID: 38680295 PMCID: PMC11044213 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study discusses the influence of the TRiC chaperonin involved in the folding of the component of reovirus mu1/σ3. The TRiC chaperone is treated as a provider of a specific external force field in the fuzzy oil drop model during the structural formation of a target folded protein. The model also determines the status of the final product, which represents the structure directed by an external force field in the form of a chaperonin. This can be used for in silico folding as the process is environment-dependent. The application of the model enables the quantitative assessment of the folding dependence of an external force field, which appears to have universal application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department
of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian
University—Medical College, Medyczna 7, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Stapor
- Faculty
of Automatic, Electronics and Computer Science, Department of Applied
Informatics, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, Gliwice 44-100, Poland
| | - Dawid Dułak
- ABB
Business Services Sp. z o.o, ul Żegańska 1, Warszawa 04-713, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair
of Medical Biochemistry—Jagiellonian University—Medical
College, Kopernika 7, Kraków 31-034, Poland
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14
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López-Sosa L, Calaminici P. Cycloaddition reactions via "on water" protocol reactions: A density functional theory study. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:595-609. [PMID: 38054389 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the reactions of quadricyclane with dimethyl azodicarboxylate (DMAD) and of quadricyclane with diethyl azodicarboxylate (DEAD) in gas phase and in water environments were studied by a first-principles investigation within the framework of auxiliary density functional theory (ADFT). For these type of organic reactions is known that water is required to accelerate them. Since the reason of why this occur is still unknown, this work aims to gain insight into this reaction mechanism. For this investigation, the generalized gradient approximation as well as a hybrid functional were employed. The obtained optimized structures for the reactants, of the products and of the transition states are reported, together with the corresponding frequency analysis results and the reaction profiles. Along the proposed concerted reaction mechanism, a critical points search of the electron density and a charge analysis were performed. The calculated potential energy barriers of these reactions in gas phase and in water environments are compared. In agreement with experiment, the obtained results indicate that both reactions occur faster in water than in gas phase. This study shows that there is a change in the polarity of the two most important carbon atoms of the formed compounds along the reactions and that the decrease of the activation energy barrier which occurs in liquid phase in these reactions is because the structures of the main transition states are stabilized by the water environment. Therefore, the here obtained results demonstrate the important role played by the water-molecule framework into the activation energy barrier and structures of the molecules that participate in the DMAD and DEAD cycloaddition reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L López-Sosa
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
| | - P Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, México, Mexico
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15
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Ojha D, Penschke C, Saalfrank P. Vibrational dynamics and spectroscopy of water at porous g-C 3N 4 and C 2N surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:11084-11093. [PMID: 38530253 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Porous graphitic materials containing nitrogen are promising catalysts for photo(electro)chemical reactions, notably water splitting, but can also serve as "molecular sieves". Nitrogen increases the hydrophilicity of the graphite parent material, among other effects. A deeper understanding of how water interacts with C- and N-containing layered materials, if and which differences exist between materials with different N content and pore size, and what the role of water dynamics is - a prerequsite for catalysis and sieving - is largely absent, however. Vibrational spectroscopy can answer some of these questions. In this work, the vibrational dynamics and spectroscopy of deuterated water molecules (D2O) mimicking dense water layers at room temperature on the surfaces of two different C/N-based materials with different N content and pore size, namely graphitic C3N4 (g-C3N4) and C2N, are studied using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). In particular, time-dependent vibrational sum frequency generation (TD-vSFG) spectra of the OD modes and also time-averaged vSFG spectra and OD frequency distributions are computed. This allows us to distinguish "free" (dangling) OD bonds from OD bonds that are bound in a H-bonded water network or at the surface - with subtle differences between the two surfaces and also to a pure water/air interface. It is found that the temporal decay of OD modes is very similar on both surfaces with a correlation time near 4 ps. In contrast, TD-vSFG spectra reveal that the interconversion time from "bonded" to "free" OD bonds is about 8 ps for water on C2N and thus twice as long as for g-C3N4, demonstrating a propensity of the former material to stabilize bonded OD bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Ojha
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Christopher Penschke
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Peter Saalfrank
- Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Chemie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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16
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Galembeck F, Santos LP, Burgo TAL, Galembeck A. The emerging chemistry of self-electrified water interfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2578-2602. [PMID: 38305696 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Water is known for dissipating electrostatic charges, but it is also a universal agent of matter electrification, creating charged domains in any material contacting or containing it. This new role of water was discovered during the current century. It is proven in a fast-growing number of publications reporting direct experimental measurements of excess charge and electric potential. It is indirectly verified by its success in explaining surprising phenomena in chemical synthesis, electric power generation, metastability, and phase transition kinetics. Additionally, electrification by water is opening the way for developing green technologies that are fully compatible with the environment and have great potential to contribute to sustainability. Electrification by water shows that polyphasic matter is a charge mosaic, converging with the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars effect, which was discovered one century ago but is still often ignored. Electrified sites in a real system are niches showing various local electrochemical potentials for the charged species. Thus, the electrified mosaics display variable chemical reactivity and mass transfer patterns. Water contributes to interfacial electrification from its singular structural, electric, mixing, adsorption, and absorption properties. A long list of previously unexpected consequences of interfacial electrification includes: "on-water" reactions of chemicals dispersed in water that defy current chemical wisdom; reactions in electrified water microdroplets that do not occur in bulk water, transforming the droplets in microreactors; and lowered surface tension of water, modifying wetting, spreading, adhesion, cohesion, and other properties of matter. Asymmetric capacitors charged by moisture and water are now promising alternative equipment for simultaneously producing electric power and green hydrogen, requiring only ambient thermal energy. Changing surface tension by interfacial electrification also modifies phase-change kinetics, eliminating metastability that is the root of catastrophic electric discharges and destructive explosions. It also changes crystal habits, producing needles and dendrites that shorten battery life. These recent findings derive from a single factor, water's ability to electrify matter, touching on the most relevant aspects of chemistry. They create tremendous scientific opportunities to understand the matter better, and a new chemistry based on electrified interfaces is now emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Galembeck
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Campinas, Institute of Chemistry, 13083-872, Campinas, Brazil.
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Leandra P Santos
- Galembetech Consultores e Tecnologia, 13080-661, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago A L Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Andre Galembeck
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-560, Recife, Brazil
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17
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Patamia V, Saccullo E, Zagni C, Tomarchio R, Quattrocchi G, Floresta G, Rescifina A. γ-Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Reactors for the Three-component Aza-Darzens Reaction in Water. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303984. [PMID: 38127103 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, many efforts have been devoted to studying reactions catalyzed in nanoconfined spaces. The most impressive aspect of catalysis in nanoconfined spaces is that the reactivity of the molecules can be smartly driven to disobey classical behavior. A green and efficient three-component aza-Darzens (TCAD) reaction using a catalytic amount of γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) in water has been developed to synthesize N-phenylaziridines. CDs effectively performed this reaction in an environmentally friendly setting, achieving good yields. The same reaction was then performed using polymeric γ-CD such as a γ-cyclodextrin polymer crosslinked (GCDPC) with epichlorohydrin, a sponge-like macroporous γ-cyclodextrin-based cryogel (GCDC), and a γ-cyclodextrin-based hydrogel (GCDH). The homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst recovery was then studied, and it was proved to be easily recycled several times without relevant activity loss. Water, as a unique and eco-friendly reaction medium, has been utilized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in this reaction. The inclusion of the reagents in CDs has been studied and rationalized by NMR spectroscopy experiments and molecular modeling calculations. The credit of the presented protocol includes good yields and catalyst reusability and precludes the use of organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Patamia
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Erika Saccullo
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (Biometec), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Zagni
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Tomarchio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quattrocchi
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Floresta
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Rescifina
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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18
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Yadav A, Ambule MD, Srivastava AK. Catalyst-free anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydrothiolation of vinyl heteroarenes in aqueous medium: an improved process towards centhaquine. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1721-1726. [PMID: 38318984 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Catalyst-free hydroamination and hydrothiolation of alkenes have been achieved in an aqueous medium. The anti-Markovnikov addition works efficiently in suspended water at room temperature and allows straightforward access to centhaquine, a drug used for the management of hypovolemic shocks in critically ill patients, and its derivatives. Various primary and secondary amines, thiols, and hydrazides were successfully reacted with a number of heteroaryl/aryl-alkenes. The scalability of the process has been demonstrated by synthesizing centhaquine at a 19.65 g scale. A comparative analysis of the present process with previous approaches has been provided on the basis of green chemistry metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Mayur D Ambule
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India.
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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19
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Vannoy KJ, Dick JE. The shocking story of the plastic bead that fixes nitrogen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322425121. [PMID: 38324605 PMCID: PMC10895278 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322425121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey E. Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47907
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, West Lafayette, IN47907
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20
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Tian YM, Silva W, Gschwind RM, König B. Accelerated photochemical reactions at oil-water interface exploiting melting point depression. Science 2024; 383:750-756. [PMID: 38359135 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Water can accelerate a variety of organic reactions far beyond the rates observed in classical organic solvents. However, using pure water as a solvent introduces solubility constraints that have limited the applicability of efficient photochemistry in particular. We report here the formation of aggregates between pairs of arenes, heteroarenes, enamines, or esters with different electron affinities in an aqueous medium, leading to an oil-water phase boundary through substrate melting point depression. The active hydrogen atoms in the reactants engage in hydrogen bonds with water, thereby accelerating photochemical reactions. This methodology realizes appealingly simple conditions for aqueous coupling reactions of complex solid molecules, including complex drug molecules that are poorly soluble in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wagner Silva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ruth M Gschwind
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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21
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Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-López MF. Reactivity of Monoethanolamine at the Air-Water Interface and Implications for CO 2 Capture. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1289-1297. [PMID: 38279927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of CO2-capture technologies is key to mitigating climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. These cover a number of technologies designed to reduce the level of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere or to eliminate CO2 from ambient air. In this context, amine-based sorbents in aqueous solutions are broadly used in most advanced separation techniques currently implemented in industrial applications. It has been reported that the gas/liquid interface plays an important role in the early stages of the capture process, but how the interface influences the chemistry is still a matter of debate. With the help of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, we show that monoethanolamine (MEA), a prototypical sorbent molecule, has a weak affinity for the air-water interface, where in addition it exhibits a lower nucleophilicity compared to bulk solution. The change in reactivity is due to the combination of structural and electronic factors, namely, the shift of the conformational equilibrium and the stabilization of the N-atom lone pair. Based on these results, strategies for improving the efficiency of alkanolamine sorbents are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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22
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Kwan V, Consta S, Malek SMA. Variation of Surface Propensity of Halides with Droplet Size and Temperature: The Planar Interface Limit. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:193-207. [PMID: 38127582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The radial number density profiles of halide and alkali ions in aqueous clusters with equimolar radius ≲1.4 nm, which correspond to ≲255 H2O molecules, have been extensively studied by computations. However, the surface abundance of Cl-, Br-, and I- relative to the bulk interior in these smaller clusters may not be representative of the larger systems. Indeed, here we show that the larger the cluster is, the lower the relative surface abundance of chaotropic halides is. In droplets with an equimolar radius of ≈2.45 nm, which corresponds to ≈2000 H2O molecules, the polarizable halides show a clear number density maximum in the droplet's bulk-like interior. A similar pattern is observed in simulations of the aqueous planar interface with halide salts at room temperature. At elevated temperature the surface propensity of Cl- decreases gradually, while that of I- is partially preserved. The change in the chaotropic halide location at higher temperatures than the room temperature may considerably affect photochemical reactivity in atmospheric aerosols, vapor-liquid nucleation and growth mechanisms, and salt crystallization via solvent evaporation. We argue that the commonly used approach of nullifying parameters in a force field in order to find the factors that determine the ion location does not provide transferable insight into other force fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Kwan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Styliani Consta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Shahrazad M A Malek
- Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3X7
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23
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Malik R, Chandra A, Das B, Chandra A. Theoretical Study of the Two-Dimensional Vibrational Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy of the Air-Water Interface at Varying Temperature and Its Connections to the Interfacial Structure and Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:10880-10895. [PMID: 38055625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c03205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed a theoretical study of the temperature variation of two-dimensional vibrational sum frequency generation (2D-VSFG) spectra of the OH stretch modes at air-water interfaces in the mid-IR region. The calculations are performed at four different temperatures from 250 to 325 K by using a combination of techniques involving response function formalism of nonlinear spectroscopy, electronic structure calculations, and molecular dynamics simulations. Also, the calculations are performed for isotopically dilute solutions so that the intra- and intermolecular coupling between the vibrational modes of interest can be ignored. We have established the connections of temperature variation of various frequency- and time-dependent features of the calculated spectra to the changes in the underlying structure and dynamics of the interfaces. The results reveal that interfacial water is dynamically more heterogeneous than bulk water, with three dominant dynamical processes exhibiting their corresponding time-dependent features in the 2D-VSFG spectrum. These are the spectral diffusion of hydrogen-bonded OH groups at the interface, conversion of an initially hydrogen-bonded OH group to a dangling OH which is a stable state for surface water, unlike the bulk water, and the third one, which involves the conversion of an initially free or dangling OH group to its hydrogen-bonded state at the interface. The temporal appearance of the cross peaks corresponding to interconversion of the hydrogen-bonded state to the dangling state or vice versa of an interfacial OH group is found to take place at a slower rate than the dynamics of spectral diffusion of hydrogen-bonded molecules at the interface, which, in turn, is slower than the corresponding spectral diffusion of bulk water molecules. The temperature variation of these dynamic processes can be linked to the decay of appropriate hydrogen-bond and non-hydrogen-bond time correlation functions of interfacial water molecules for the different air-water systems studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Abhilash Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Banshi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Amalendu Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
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24
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Wang J, Lu X, Guo M, Zhang R, Xiong J, Qiao Y, Yu Z. Reductive Amination of Levulinic Acid to Pyrrolidones: Key Step in Biomass Valorization towards Nitrogen-Containing Chemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202301091. [PMID: 37656427 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the field of biomass conversion is gradually moving towards an encouraging stage. The preparation of nitrogen-containing chemicals using various biomass resources instead of fossil resources do not only reduce carbon emissions, but also diversify the products of biomass conversion, thus increasing the economic competitiveness of biomass refining systems. Levulinic acid (LA) can be used as a promising intermediate in biomass conversion for further synthesis of pyrrolidone via reductive amination. However, there are still many critical issues to be solved. Particularly, the specific effects of catalysts on the performance of LA reductive amination have not been sufficiently revealed, and the potential impacts of key conditional factors have not been clearly elucidated. In view of this, this review attempts to provide theoretical insights through an in-depth interpretation of the above key issues. The contribution of catalysts to the reductive amination of LA as well as the catalyst structural preferences for improving catalytic performance are discussed. In addition, the role of key conditional factors is discussed. The insights presented in this review will contribute to the design of catalyst nanostructures and the rational configuration of green reaction conditions, which may provide inspiration to facilitate the nitrogen-related transformation of more biomass platform molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Mengyan Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin, 300384, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xiong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, P. R. China
| | - Yina Qiao
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Yu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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25
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Ricard TC, Zhu X, Iyengar SS. Capturing Weak Interactions in Surface Adsorbate Systems at Coupled Cluster Accuracy: A Graph-Theoretic Molecular Fragmentation Approach Improved through Machine Learning. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 38019639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The accurate and efficient study of the interactions of organic matter with the surface of water is critical to a wide range of applications. For example, environmental studies have found that acidic polyfluorinated alkyl substances, especially perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), have spread throughout the environment and bioaccumulate into human populations residing near contaminated watersheds, leading to many systemic maladies. Thus, the study of the interactions of PFOA with water surfaces became important for the mitigation of their activity as pollutants and threats to public health. However, theoretical study of the interactions of such organic adsorbates on the surface of water, and their bulk concerted properties, often necessitates the use of ab initio methods to properly incorporate the long-range electronic properties that govern these extended systems. Notable theoretical treatments of "on-water" reactions thus far have employed hybrid DFT and semilocal DFT, but the interactions involved are weak interactions that may be best described using post-Hartree-Fock theory. Here, we aim to demonstrate the utility of a graph-theoretic approach to molecular fragmentation that accurately captures the critical "weak" interactions while maintaining an efficient ab initio treatment of the long-range periodic interactions that underpin the physics of extended systems. We apply this graph-theoretical treatment to study PFOA on the surface of water as a model system for the study of weak interactions seen in the wide range of surface interactions and reactions. The approach divides a system into a set of vertices, that are then connected through edges, faces, and higher order graph theoretic objects known as simplexes, to represent a collection of locally interacting subsystems. These subsystems are then used to construct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and for computing multidimensional potential energy surfaces. To further improve the computational efficiency of our graph theoretic fragmentation method, we use a recently developed transfer learning protocol to construct the full system potential energy from a family of neural networks each designed to accurately model the behavior of individual simplexes. We use a unique multidimensional clustering algorithm, based on the k-means clustering methodology, to define our training space for each separate simplex. These models are used to extrapolate the energies for molecular dynamics trajectories at PFOA water interfaces, at less than one-tenth the cost as compared to a regular molecular fragmentation-based dynamics calculation with excellent agreement with couple cluster level of full system potential energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Ricard
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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26
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Lu SM, Vannoy KJ, Dick JE, Long YT. Multiphase Chemistry under Nanoconfinement: An Electrochemical Perspective. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:25043-25055. [PMID: 37934860 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Most relevant systems of interest to modern chemists rarely consist of a single phase. Real-world problems that require a rigorous understanding of chemical reactivity in multiple phases include the development of wearable and implantable biosensors, efficient fuel cells, single cell metabolic characterization techniques, and solar energy conversion devices. Within all of these systems, confinement effects at the nanoscale influence the chemical reaction coordinate. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the nanoconfinement effects of chemistry in multiphase environments is paramount. Electrochemistry is inherently a multiphase measurement tool reporting on a charged species traversing a phase boundary. Over the past 50 years, electrochemistry has witnessed astounding growth. Subpicoampere current measurements are routine, as is the study of single molecules and nanoparticles. This Perspective focuses on three nanoelectrochemical techniques to study multiphase chemistry under nanoconfinement: stochastic collision electrochemistry, single nanodroplet electrochemistry, and nanopore electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Kathryn J Vannoy
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jeffrey E Dick
- Department of Chemistry, Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
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27
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Qiu L, Saha M, Kraft S, Dziekonski ET, Welch CJ, Dai Y, Kaerner A, Cooks RG. Quantitative Determination of Water in Organic Liquids by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310884. [PMID: 37740943 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
This study uses a rapid tandem mass-spectrometry method to determine water content in complex organic solutions. Emphasis is placed on trace-water analysis by a fast and accurate alternative to the Karl-Fischer method. In this new method, water is captured by a charge-labeled molecular probe. Water binds strongly with high specificity to the strongly electrophilic aldehyde site in a charge-labelled molecule (N-methylpyridinium); competitive binding by other analytes is effectively discriminated against in the mass-measurement step. Quantitative determinations are made over a wide concentration range, 0.001 % (10 ppm) to 99 %, with better than 10 % relative standard deviation, along with short (1 min) analysis times using small sample volumes (several μL). Applications include water measurement in simple organic solvents, for example, deuterated solvents, as well as in complex mixtures, for example, organic reaction mixtures. Additionally, this method allows for water monitoring in levitated droplets. Mechanistic investigations into the impact of water on important chemical processes in organic synthesis and environmental science are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Mousumi Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Eric T Dziekonski
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Christopher J Welch
- Indiana Consortium for Analytical Science & Engineering (ICASE), Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yumin Dai
- Department of Analytical Development, Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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28
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Lv XX, Liu N, Chen F, Zhang H, Du ZH, Wang P, Yuan M, Da CS. Highly asymmetric aldol reaction of isatins and ketones catalyzed by chiral bifunctional primary-amine organocatalyst on water. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8695-8701. [PMID: 37861676 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01227a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have reported an environmentally friendly asymmetric aldol reaction between isatins and ketones catalyzed by double-hydrogen-bonded primary amine organocatalysts on water under mild conditions. Enantioenriched 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles were obtained in high yields (up to 99%) and excellent stereoselectivities (up to 99 : 1 dr and 99% ee) under optimal conditions. Furthermore, the model reaction involving isatin and cyclohexanone was successfully scaled to 10 mmol with no reduction in yield or stereoselectivity. In addition, the catalyst was recovered via simple filtration and was subsequently reused on water, which highlights its good application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiong Lv
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, North 4th Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Meng Yuan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao Shan Da
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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29
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Saha S, Chatterjee A, Banerjee M. Reagentless Chemistry "On-Water": An Atom-Efficient and "Green" Route to Cyclic and Acyclic β-Amino Sulfones via aza-Michael Addition Using Microwave Irradiation. J Org Chem 2023; 88:15358-15366. [PMID: 37871175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A reagentless, catalyst-free, and sustainable methodology was developed for facile access to cyclic and acyclic β-amino sulfones "on-water" using a microwave. A variety of aromatic and aliphatic amines undergo double aza-Michael addition on the surface of the water with water-insoluble divinyl sulfones upon microwave irradiation at 150 °C for 10 min to mostly afford solid cyclic β-amino sulfones as easily separable products in excellent yields by simple filtration avoiding any workup steps. Thus, all atoms of the substrates are reflected in the product making it a 100% atom-efficient method. Both electron-rich and electron-deficient amines participated well in the reaction as well as good functional group tolerance was observed. The competitive experiments expectedly revealed faster reaction kinetics for electron-rich amines. The methodology was extended to acyclic β-amino sulfones by interacting phenyl/ethyl vinyl sulfones with various amines in a similar manner. Expectedly, the method afforded very low environmental factors (in a range of 0.05-0.5) and a high Ecoscale score (up to 94). In an attempt toward sustainable development, this reagent-free, metal-free, organic solvent-free, cost-effective protocol is certainly a viable alternative to the available methods for β-amino sulfones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Saha
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Amrita Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
| | - Mainak Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, BITS Pilani-KK Birla Goa Campus, NH 17B Bypass Road, Zuarinagar, Goa 403726, India
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30
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Rao Z, Fang YG, Pan Y, Yu W, Chen B, Francisco JS, Zhu C, Chu C. Accelerated Photolysis of H 2O 2 at the Air-Water Interface of a Microdroplet. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37914533 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical homolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs widely in nature and is a key source of hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The kinetics of H2O2 photolysis play a pivotal role in determining the efficiency of ·OH production, which is currently mainly investigated in bulk systems. Here, we report considerably accelerated H2O2 photolysis at the air-water interface of microdroplets, with a rate 1.9 × 103 times faster than that in bulk water. Our simulations show that due to the trans quasiplanar conformational preference of H2O2 at the air-water interface compared to the bulk or gas phase, the absorption peak in the spectrum of H2O2 is significantly redshifted by 45 nm, corresponding to greater absorbance of photons in the sunlight spectrum and faster photolysis of H2O2. This discovery has great potential to solve current problems associated with ·OH-centered heterogeneous photochemical processes in aerosols. For instance, we show that accelerated H2O2 photolysis in microdroplets could lead to markedly enhanced oxidation of SO2 and volatile organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Rao
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yishuai Pan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wanchao Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875 China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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31
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Chen C, Zhang L, Wang N, Sun D, Yang Z. Janus Composite Particles and Interfacial Catalysis Thereby. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300280. [PMID: 37335979 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Janus composite particles (JPs) with distinct compartmentalization of varied components thus performances and anisotropic shape display a variety of properties and have demonstrated great potentials in diversify practical applications. Especially, the catalytic JPs are advantageous for multi-phase catalysis with much easier separation of products and recycling the catalysts. In the first section of this review, typical methods to synthesize the JPs with varied morphologies are briefly surveyed in the category of polymeric, inorganic and polymer/inorganic composite. In the main section, recent progresses of the JPs in emulsion interfacial catalysis are summarized covering organic synthesis, hydrogenation, dye degradation, and environmental chemistry. The review will end by calling more efforts toward precision synthesis of catalytic JPs at large scale to meet the stringent requirements in practical applications such as catalytic diagnosis and therapy by the functional JPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Na Wang
- Shenyang Key Laboratory for New Functional Coating Materials, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Dayin Sun
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhenzhong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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32
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Zhong B, Chen F, Ge Y, Liu D. Developing a fast and catalyst-free protocol to form C=N double bond with high functional group tolerance. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:231263. [PMID: 37800155 PMCID: PMC10548102 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The carbon-nitrogen double bond (C=N) is a fundamentally important functional group in organic chemistry. This is largely due to the fact that C=N acts as electrophilic synthon to give nitrogen-containing compounds. Here, we report the condensation of primary amine or hydrazine with very electron-deficient aldehyde to form C=N bond in the absence of any catalysts (metals and acids). The protocol performs at room temperature and applies water as co-solvent. Two hundred examples are presented here. With its intrinsic advantages of wide substrate scopes, excellent efficiency (high yields and short reaction time), operational simplicity, mild condition (room temperature as reaction temperature, no catalysts, no additions, water as co-solvent and opening to air) and available starting materials, the protocol can be compatible with various drugs, prodrugs, dyes and pharmacophores containing primary amino group. In addition, we also successfully apply this protocol to rapidly synthesize the core scaffolds of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhong
- Heifei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Chen
- Heifei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yushu Ge
- Heifei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Heifei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People's Republic of China
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33
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Richerme P, Revelle MC, Yale CG, Lobser D, Burch AD, Clark SM, Saha D, Lopez-Ruiz MA, Dwivedi A, Smith JM, Norrell SA, Sabry A, Iyengar SS. Quantum Computation of Hydrogen Bond Dynamics and Vibrational Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7256-7263. [PMID: 37555761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Calculating observable properties of chemical systems is often classically intractable and widely viewed as a promising application of quantum information processing. Here, we introduce a new framework for solving generic quantum chemical dynamics problems using quantum logic. We experimentally demonstrate a proof-of-principle instance of our method using the QSCOUT ion-trap quantum computer, where we experimentally drive the ion-trap system to emulate the quantum wavepacket dynamics corresponding to the shared-proton within an anharmonic hydrogen bonded system. Following the experimental creation and propagation of the shared-proton wavepacket on the ion-trap, we extract measurement observables such as its time-dependent spatial projection and its characteristic vibrational frequencies to spectroscopic accuracy (3.3 cm-1 wavenumbers, corresponding to >99.9% fidelity). Our approach introduces a new paradigm for studying the chemical dynamics and vibrational spectra of molecules and opens the possibility to describe the behavior of complex molecular processes with unprecedented accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Richerme
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Melissa C Revelle
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Christopher G Yale
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Daniel Lobser
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Ashlyn D Burch
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Susan M Clark
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, United States
| | - Debadrita Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | | | - Anurag Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeremy M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Sam A Norrell
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Amr Sabry
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Srinivasan S Iyengar
- Quantum Science and Engineering Center, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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34
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Maltby K, Sharma K, Short MAS, Farooque S, Hamill R, Blacker AJ, Kapur N, Willans CE, Nguyen BN. Rationalizing and Adapting Water-Accelerated Reactions for Sustainable Flow Organic Processes. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2023; 11:8675-8684. [PMID: 37323809 PMCID: PMC10265699 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.3c02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water-accelerated reactions, wherein at least one organic reactant is not soluble in water, are an important class of organic reactions, with a potentially pivotal impact on sustainability of chemical manufacturing processes. However, mechanistic understanding of the factors controlling the acceleration effect has been limited, due to the complex and varied physical and chemical nature of these processes. In this study, a theoretical framework has been established to calculate the rate acceleration of known water-accelerated reactions, giving computational estimations of the change to ΔG‡ which correlate with experimental data. In-depth study of a Henry reaction between N-methylisatin and nitromethane using our framework led to rationalization of the reaction kinetics, its lack of dependence on mixing, kinetic isotope effect, and different salt effects with NaCl and Na2SO4. Based on these findings, a multiphase flow process which includes continuous phase separation and recycling of the aqueous phase was developed, and its superior green metrics (PMI-reaction = 4 and STY = 0.64 kg L-1 h-1) were demonstrated. These findings form the essential basis for further in silico discovery and development of water-accelerated reactions for sustainable manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna
A. Maltby
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Krishna Sharma
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Marc A. S. Short
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Sannia Farooque
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Rosalie Hamill
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - A. John Blacker
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Nikil Kapur
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Charlotte E. Willans
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Bao N. Nguyen
- Institute
of Process Research & Development, School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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35
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Roterman I, Konieczny L. Protein Is an Intelligent Micelle. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 25:850. [PMID: 37372194 DOI: 10.3390/e25060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Interpreting biological phenomena at the molecular and cellular levels reveals the ways in which information that is specific to living organisms is processed: from the genetic record contained in a strand of DNA, to the translation process, and then to the construction of proteins that carry the flow and processing of information as well as reveal evolutionary mechanisms. The processing of a surprisingly small amount of information, i.e., in the range of 1 GB, contains the record of human DNA that is used in the construction of the highly complex system that is the human body. This shows that what is important is not the quantity of information but rather its skillful use-in other words, this facilitates proper processing. This paper describes the quantitative relations that characterize information during the successive steps of the "biological dogma", illustrating a transition from the recording of information in a DNA strand to the production of proteins exhibiting a defined specificity. It is this that is encoded in the form of information and that determines the unique activity, i.e., the measure of a protein's "intelligence". In a situation of information deficit at the transformation stage of a primary protein structure to a tertiary or quaternary structure, a particular role is served by the environment as a supplier of complementary information, thus leading to the achievement of a structure that guarantees the fulfillment of a specified function. Its quantitative evaluation is possible via using a "fuzzy oil drop" (FOD), particularly with respect to its modified version. This can be achieved when taking into account the participation of an environment other than water in the construction of a specific 3D structure (FOD-M). The next step of information processing on the higher organizational level is the construction of the proteome, where the interrelationship between different functional tasks and organism requirements can be generally characterized by homeostasis. An open system that maintains the stability of all components can be achieved exclusively in a condition of automatic control that is realized by negative feedback loops. This suggests a hypothesis of proteome construction that is based on the system of negative feedback loops. The purpose of this paper is the analysis of information flow in organisms with a particular emphasis on the role of proteins in this process. This paper also presents a model introducing the component of changed conditions and its influence on the protein folding process-since the specificity of proteins is coded in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Roterman
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, Medyczna 7, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Leszek Konieczny
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University-Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
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36
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Liang Q, Zhu C, Yang J. Water Charge Transfer Accelerates Criegee Intermediate Reaction with H 2O - Radical Anion at the Aqueous Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10159-10166. [PMID: 37011411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Criegee intermediates (CIs) are important carbonyl oxides that may react with atmospheric trace chemicals and impact the global climate. The CI reaction with water has been widely studied and is a main channel for trapping CIs in the troposphere. Previous experimental and computational reports have largely focused on reaction kinetic processes in various CI-water reactions. The molecular-level origin of CI's interfacial reactivity at the water microdroplet surface (e.g., as found in aerosols and clouds) is unclear. In this study, by employing the quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics with the local second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, our computational results reveal a substantial water charge transfer up to ∼20% per water, which creates the surface H2O+/H2O- radical pairs to enhance the CH2OO and anti-CH3CHOO reactivity with water: the resulting strong CI-H2O- electrostatic attraction at the microdroplet surface facilitates the nucleophilic attack to the CI carbonyl by water, which may counteract the apolar hindrance of the substituent to accelerate the CI-water reaction. Our statistical analysis of the molecular dynamics trajectories further resolves a relatively long-lived bound CI(H2O-) intermediate state at the air/water interface, which has not been observed in gaseous CI reactions. This work provides insights into what may alter the oxidizing power of the troposphere by the next larger CIs than simple CH2OO and implicates a new perspective on the role of interfacial water charge transfer in accelerating molecular reactions at aqueous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujiang Liang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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37
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Malgaretti P, Bafile U, Vallauri R, Jedlovszky P, Sega M. Surface viscosity in simple liquids. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:114705. [PMID: 36948818 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The response of Newtonian liquids to small perturbations is usually considered to be fully described by homogeneous transport coefficients like shear and dilatational viscosity. However, the presence of strong density gradients at the liquid/vapor boundary of fluids hints at the possible existence of an inhomogeneous viscosity. Here, we show that a surface viscosity emerges from the collective dynamics of interfacial layers in molecular simulations of simple liquids. We estimate the surface viscosity to be 8-16 times smaller than that of the bulk fluid at the thermodynamic point considered. This result can have important implications for reactions at liquid surfaces in atmospheric chemistry and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Malgaretti
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr.1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ubaldo Bafile
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Renzo Vallauri
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara," I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Marcello Sega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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38
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Mass spectrometry in materials synthesis. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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39
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Hu CC, Tong CL, Zhang YY, Xu XH, Qing FL. Photoredox-Catalyzed and Silane-Mediated Hydrofluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkenes with Fluoroiodomethane in Water. Org Lett 2023; 25:1035-1039. [PMID: 36749173 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The first hydrofluoromethylation of unactivated alkenes with fluoroiodomethane and hydrosilanes is developed by merging photoredox catalysis and silane-mediated deiodination processes. The key to the success of this reaction is the use of water as the solvent to enhance the activity of CH2F radical toward unactivated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chao-Lai Tong
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiu-Hua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ling Qing
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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40
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Schulte R, Löcker M, Ihmels H, Heide M, Engelhard C. Pushing Photochemistry into Water: Acceleration of the Di-π-Methane Rearrangement and the Paternó-Büchi Reaction "On-Water". Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203203. [PMID: 36398899 PMCID: PMC10107481 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two representative organic photoreactions, namely a bimolecular photocycloaddition and a monomolecular photorearrangement, are presented that are accelerated when the reaction is performed "on-water", that is, at the water-substrate interface with no solvation of the reaction components. According to the established models of ground-state reactions "on-water", the enhanced efficiency of the photoreactions is explained by hydrophobic effects (Paternó-Büchi reaction) or specific hydrogen bonding (di-π-methane rearrangement) at the water-substrate interface that decrease the energy of the respective transition state. These results point to the potential of this approach to conduct photoreactions more efficiently in an ecologically favorable medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schulte
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Marco Löcker
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Heiko Ihmels
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Heide
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
| | - Carsten Engelhard
- Department of Chemistry-Biology, Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio-)Technology (Cμ), University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57068, Siegen, Germany
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41
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Zou H, Shi H, Hao S, Hao Y, Yang J, Tian X, Yang H. Boosting Catalytic Selectivity through a Precise Spatial Control of Catalysts at Pickering Droplet Interfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2511-2522. [PMID: 36652392 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exploration of new methodologies to tune catalytic selectivity is a long-sought goal in catalytic community. In this work, oil-water interfaces of Pickering emulsions are developed to effectively regulate catalytic selectivity of hydrogenation reactions, which was achieved via a precise control of the spatial distribution of metal nanoparticles at the droplet interfaces. It was found that Pd nanoparticles located in the inner interfacial layer of Pickering droplets exhibited a significantly enhanced selectivity for p-chloroaniline (up to 99.6%) in the hydrogenation of p-chloronitrobenzene in comparison to those in the outer interfacial layer (63.6%) in pure water (68.5%) or in pure organic solvents (46.8%). Experimental and theoretical investigations indicated that such a remarkable interfacial microregion-dependent catalytic selectivity was attributed to the microenvironments of the coexistence of water and organic solvent at the droplet interfaces, which could provide unique interfacial hydrogen-bonding interactions and solvation effects so as to alter the adsorption patterns of p-chloronitrobenzene and p-chloroaniline on the Pd nanoparticles, thereby avoiding the unwanted contact of C-Cl bonds with the metal surfaces. Our strategy of precise spatial control of catalysts at liquid-liquid interfaces and the unprecedented interfacial effect reported here not only provide new insights into the liquid-liquid interfacial reactions but also open an avenue to boost catalytic selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houbing Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hu Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shijiao Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yajuan Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Institute of Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Hengquan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.,Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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42
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Thermo-responsive self-folding feedstock with excellent shape memory programming. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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43
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Martins-Costa MTC, Ruiz-López MF. Electrostatics and Chemical Reactivity at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1400-1406. [PMID: 36622259 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently discovered that chemical reactions at aqueous interfaces can be orders of magnitude faster compared to conventional bulk phase reactions, but despite its wide-ranging implications, which extend from atmospheric to synthetic chemistry or technological applications, the phenomenon is still incompletely understood. The role of strong electric fields due to space asymmetry and the accumulation of ions at the interface has been claimed as a possible cause from some experiments, but the reorganization of the solvent around the reactive system should provide even greater additional electrostatic contributions that have not yet been analyzed. In this study, with the help of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations, we go deeper into this issue by a careful assessment of solvation electrostatics at the air-water interface. Our simulations confirm that electrostatic forces can indeed be a key factor in rate acceleration compared to bulk solution. Remarkably, the study reveals that the effect cannot simply be attributed to the magnitude of the local electric field and that the fluctuations of the full electrostatic potential resulting from unique dynamical behavior of the solvation shells at the interface must be accounted for. This finding paves the way for future applications of the phenomenon in organic synthesis, especially for charge transfer or redox reactions in thin films and microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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44
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Wang X, Ji Z, Liu J, Wang B, Jin H, Zhang L. Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Reactions Involving Thioesters. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2023. [DOI: 10.6023/a22100422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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45
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Ruiz-López MF, Martins-Costa MTC. Disentangling reaction rate acceleration in microdroplets. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29700-29704. [PMID: 36453476 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04998h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the origin of the unexpected, recently discovered phenomenon of reaction rate acceleration in water microdroplets relative to bulk water. Acceleration factors for reactions of atmospheric and synthetic relevance can be dissected into elementary contributions thanks to the original and versatile kinetic model. The microdroplet is partitioned in two sub-volumes, the surface and the interior, operating as interconnected chemical reactors in the fast diffusion regime. Reaction rate acceleration and its dependence on reaction molecularity and microdroplet dimensions are explained by applying transition-state-theory at thermodynamic equilibrium. We also show that our model, in combination with experimental measurements of rate acceleration factors, can be used to obtain chemical kinetics data at the air-water interface, which has been a long-standing challenge for chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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46
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Gorai A, Chakraborti G, Basak SJ, Dash J. Diastereoselective reversible C-C bond exchange of oxindole-thiazolidienediones for dynamic combinatorial chemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9307-9312. [PMID: 36399158 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01993k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We herein describe a diastereoselective aldol exchange involving isatins and thiazolidinediones, providing oxindolyl-thiazolidienediones in aqueous media at pH 6. This equilibrium can also be achieved with oxindole exchange as well as cross-exchange within reasonable timescales. These metal and organic catalyst free reversible reactions provide a unique opportunity for the evolution of dynamic combinatorial libraries (DCLs) for target directed dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) and system chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Gorai
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Gargi Chakraborti
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumya Jyoti Basak
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Jyotirmayee Dash
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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47
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Difference in the hydration state of water at the hydrophobic interface of structural isomers of propanol investigated by U.V visible absorption and Raman spectroscopic study. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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48
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Li G, Zuo YY. Molecular and colloidal self-assembly at the oil–water interface. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Peptide synthesis in aqueous microdroplets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2216015119. [PMID: 36264818 PMCID: PMC9636960 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2216015119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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50
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Deal AM, Vaida V. Infrared Reflection–Absorption Spectroscopy of α-Hydroxyacids at the Water–Air Interface. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8280-8294. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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