1
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Wang B, Lu Y. Collective Molecular Machines: Multidimensionality and Reconfigurability. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:155. [PMID: 38499833 PMCID: PMC10948734 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01379-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecular machines are key to cellular activity where they are involved in converting chemical and light energy into efficient mechanical work. During the last 60 years, designing molecular structures capable of generating unidirectional mechanical motion at the nanoscale has been the topic of intense research. Effective progress has been made, attributed to advances in various fields such as supramolecular chemistry, biology and nanotechnology, and informatics. However, individual molecular machines are only capable of producing nanometer work and generally have only a single functionality. In order to address these problems, collective behaviors realized by integrating several or more of these individual mechanical units in space and time have become a new paradigm. In this review, we comprehensively discuss recent developments in the collective behaviors of molecular machines. In particular, collective behavior is divided into two paradigms. One is the appropriate integration of molecular machines to efficiently amplify molecular motions and deformations to construct novel functional materials. The other is the construction of swarming modes at the supramolecular level to perform nanoscale or microscale operations. We discuss design strategies for both modes and focus on the modulation of features and properties. Subsequently, in order to address existing challenges, the idea of transferring experience gained in the field of micro/nano robotics is presented, offering prospects for future developments in the collective behavior of molecular machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Lepeintre M, Champciaux J, Colasson B, Jabin I. Synthesis of C3v-Symmetrical 1,3,5-Tris-Protected Calix[6]arene-Based Molecular Platforms. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4210-4214. [PMID: 38447076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Few synthetic methodologies that yield tris-functionalized C3v-symmetrical calix[6]arenes have been reported. In this work, three allyl protecting groups are selectively placed in 1,3,5 alternate positions of three pristine calix[6]arenes, each differing by their substituent on the large rim, resulting in three new C3v-symmetrical molecular platforms. Removal of the protecting allylic groups gives access to sophisticated calix[6]arenes that can be further modified. The potential of these new C3v-symmetrical molecular platforms is notably exemplified through the development of a new family of calix[6]arene-based N ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lepeintre
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, F-75006 Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julie Champciaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Colasson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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3
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de Vries A, Goloviznina K, Reiter M, Salanne M, Lukatskaya MR. Solvation-Tuned Photoacid as a Stable Light-Driven pH Switch for CO 2 Capture and Release. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1308-1317. [PMID: 38385123 PMCID: PMC10877570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Photoacids are organic molecules that release protons under illumination, providing spatiotemporal control of the pH. Such light-driven pH switches offer the ability to cyclically alter the pH of the medium and are highly attractive for a wide variety of applications, including CO2 capture. Although photoacids such as protonated merocyanine can enable fully reversible pH cycling in water, they have a limited chemical stability against hydrolysis (<24 h). Moreover, these photoacids have low solubility, which limits the pH-switching ability in a buffered solution such as dissolved CO2. In this work, we introduce a simple pathway to dramatically increase stability and solubility of photoacids by tuning their solvation environment in binary solvent mixtures. We show that a preferential solvation of merocyanine by aprotic solvent molecules results in a 60% increase in pH modulation magnitude when compared to the behavior in pure water and can withstand stable cycling for >350 h. Our results suggest that a very high stability of merocyanine photoacids can be achieved in the right solvent mixtures, offering a way to bypass complex structural modifications of photoacid molecules and serving as the key milestone toward their application in a photodriven CO2 capture process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna de Vries
- Electrochemical
Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kateryna Goloviznina
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et
Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Reiter
- Electrochemical
Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne
Université, CNRS, Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et
Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut
Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
| | - Maria R. Lukatskaya
- Electrochemical
Energy Systems Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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de Jong J, Siegler MA, Wezenberg SJ. A Photoswitchable Macrocycle Controls Anion-Templated Pseudorotaxane Formation and Axle Relocalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316628. [PMID: 38059917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Important biological processes, such as signaling and transport, are regulated by dynamic binding events. The development of artificial supramolecular systems in which binding between different components is controlled could help emulate such processes. Herein, we describe stiff-stilbene-containing macrocycles that can be switched between (Z)- and (E)-isomers by light, as demonstrated by UV/Vis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The (Z)-isomers can be effectively threaded by pyridinium halide axles to give pseudorotaxane complexes, as confirmed by 1 H NMR titration studies and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The overall stability of these complexes can be tuned by varying the templating counteranion. However, upon light-induced isomerization to the (E)-isomer, the threading capability is drastically reduced. The axle component, in addition, can form a heterodimeric complex with a secondary isophthalamide host. Therefore, when all components are combined, light irradiation triggers axle exchange between the macrocycle and this secondary host, which has been monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and simulated computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorn de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Sardari N, Abdollahi A, Farokhi Yaychi M. Chameleon-like Photoluminescent Janus Nanoparticles as Full-Color Multicomponent Organic Nanoinks: Combination of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and Photochromism for Encryption and Anticounterfeiting with Multilevel Authentication. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38035478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the security by the multilevel authentication mechanism was the most significant challenge in recent years for the development of anticounterfeiting inks based on photoluminescent nanomaterials. For this purpose, the greatest strategy is the use of multicomponent organic materials and a combination of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with the intelligent behavior of photochromic compounds like spiropyran. Here, the hydroxyl-functionalized polymer nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) in different compositions (0-30 wt % of HEMA). Results illustrated that the size of the nanoparticles changed from 64 to 204 nm, and a morphology evolution from spherical to Janus shape was observed by increasing the concentration of HEMA. Photoluminescent inks with red, green, and blue (RGB) fluorescence emissions were prepared by modification of nanoparticles containing 15 wt % of HEMA with spiropyran, fluorescein, and coumarin, respectively. To develop dual-color and multicolor photoluminescent inks that display static and dynamic emission, RGB latex samples were mixed together in different ratios and printed on cellulosic paper. Results display that the fluorescence emission of developed inks can be photoswitched between different statuses, including white to blue, green to blue, green to red/orange, purple to pink, and white to pink, utilizing the FRET phenomenon, photochromism, and a combination of both phenomena. Samples containing spiropyran displayed dynamic color changes in the emission to red, orange, and pink depending on the composition. Hence, developed dual-color and multicolor photoluminescent inks were used for printing of security tags and also painting of some hand-drawn artworks, which obtained results indicating high printability, maximum fluorescence intensity, high resolution, and fast responsivity upon UV-light irradiations of 254 nm (for static mode) and 365 nm (for dynamic mode). In addition, the multilevel authentication mechanism by a static emission under UV-light irradiation of 254 nm, a dynamic emission under UV-light irradiation of 365 nm, and photochromic color change was observed, resulting in increasing the security of developed inks. Actually, developed multicolor photoluminescent inks are the most efficient candidates for developing a new category of chameleon-like high-security anticounterfeiting inks that have tunable optical properties and complex multilevel authentication mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sardari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Amin Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Farokhi Yaychi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
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6
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Jagushte KU, Sadhukhan N, Upadhyaya HP, Dutta Choudhury S. Dual Excited State Proton Transfer Pathways in the Bifunctional Photoacid 6-Amino-2-naphtol. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:9788-9801. [PMID: 37924296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the photoacidity and excited state proton transfer (ESPT) pathways of a bifunctional molecule, 6-amino-2-naphthol (6N2OH), using absorption, steady-state fluorescence, time-resolved fluorescence, and theoretical calculations. 6N2OH attains four different prototropic forms in the excited state (cation, neutral, anion, or zwitterion) depending on pH of the solution. Interestingly, ESPT at the OH site of the molecule can be controlled by the protonation state of the amino substituent. Conversion of the electron donating NH2 group to the electron withdrawing NH3+ group brings about a reduction of more than 7 pKa units for the deprotonation of OH in the excited state. Further, the position of the NH2 substituent on the naphthalene framework is found to play an important role in dictating the ESPT pathways of aminonaphthols. Unlike most aminonaphthol derivatives that undergo ESPT only at the OH site, akin to substituted naphthols, 6N2OH undergoes ESPT at both OH and NH3+ sites, indicating its similarity to substituted naphthols and substituted naphthylamines. ESPT at the NH3+ site resulting in cation ↔ neutral equilibrium of 6N2OH in the excited state is well-corroborated by comparative studies with another reference photoacid, 6-amino-2-methoxynaphthalene (6N2M). Correlation of the acidity constants of 6N2OH with the σp parameters according to the Hammett model reveals that while 6N2OH can be treated either as naphthol or as naphthylamine in the ground state, the structure-function correlation cannot be extrapolated directly in the excited state, thus highlighting the rich and complex photophysics of bifunctional photoacids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh U Jagushte
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Nabanita Sadhukhan
- Department of Speciality Chemicals Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Hari P Upadhyaya
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sharmistha Dutta Choudhury
- Radiation & Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400 085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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7
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Périllat VJ, Del Grosso E, Berton C, Ricci F, Pezzato C. Controlling DNA nanodevices with light-switchable buffers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2146-2149. [PMID: 36727426 PMCID: PMC9933455 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Control over synthetic DNA-based nanodevices can be achieved with a variety of physical and chemical stimuli. Actuation with light, however, is as advantageous as difficult to implement without modifying DNA strands with photo-switchable groups. Herein, we show that DNA nanodevices can be controlled using visible light in photo-switchable aqueous buffer solutions in a reversible and highly programmable fashion. The strategy presented here is non-invasive and allows the remote control with visible light of complex operations of DNA-based nanodevices such as the reversible release/loading of cargo molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jean Périllat
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erica Del Grosso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Ricci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome Tor Vergata Via della Ricerca Scientifica, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padua Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padua, Italy.
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8
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De Leener G, Over D, Reinaud O, Jabin I. A 4-state acid-base controlled molecular switch based on a host-guest system. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:1172-1180. [PMID: 36504236 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A novel ZnII funnel complex that presents three phenol functions within a calix[6]arene macrocycle is described. Host-guest studies, monitored by 1H NMR spectroscopy, evaluate the impact of the replacement of three anisole moieties present in a previously described system with phenols. It is now shown that the dicationic complex is responsive to anions, whereas deprotonation of one phenol unit completely inhibits any hosting response. These properties, combined with those of the corresponding protonated ligand, allow us to obtain different molecular switches, and one of them shows guest embedment changes between four different host states, thus giving rise to a rare case of a triple molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël De Leener
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. .,Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Diana Over
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Olivia Reinaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8601, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006 Paris, France.
| | - Ivan Jabin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F. D. Roosevelt 50 CP160/06, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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9
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Di Terlizzi L, Martinelli A, Merli D, Protti S, Fagnoni M. Arylazo Sulfones as Nonionic Visible-Light Photoacid Generators. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6313-6321. [PMID: 35866712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The selective visible-light-driven generation of a weak acid (sulfinic acid, in nitrogen-purged solutions) or a strong acid (sulfonic acid, in oxygen-purged solutions) by using shelf-stable arylazo sulfones was developed. These sulfones were then used for the green, smooth, and efficient photochemical catalytic protection of several (substituted) alcohols (and phenols) as tetrahydropyranyl ethers or acetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Di Terlizzi
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Angelo Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Merli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fagnoni
- PhotoGreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Nicoli F, Curcio M, Tranfić Bakić M, Paltrinieri E, Silvi S, Baroncini M, Credi A. Photoinduced Autonomous Nonequilibrium Operation of a Molecular Shuttle by Combined Isomerization and Proton Transfer Through a Catalytic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:10180-10185. [PMID: 35575701 PMCID: PMC9204767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We describe a [2]rotaxane
whose recognition sites for the ring
are a dibenzylammonium moiety, endowed with acidic and H-bonding donor
properties, and an imidazolium center bearing a photoactive phenylazo
substituent. Light irradiation of this compound triggers a network
of E/Z isomerization and proton
transfer reactions that enable autonomous and reversible ring shuttling
away from equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicoli
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Tranfić Bakić
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Erica Paltrinieri
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures, ISOF-CNR, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università di Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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11
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Lin H, Xu Z. Comment on “Acid-induced tunable white light emission based on triphenylamine derivatives”. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Spatola E, Rispoli F, Del Giudice D, Cacciapaglia R, Casnati A, Marchiò L, Baldini L, Di Stefano S. Dissipative control of the fluorescence of a 1,3-dipyrenyl calix[4]arene in the cone conformation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:132-138. [PMID: 34816861 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The temporal control (ON/OFF/ON) of the fluorescence of a dichloromethane/acetonitrile 1 : 1 solution of calixarene 3 decorated with two pyrenyl moieties at the upper rim is attained by the addition of CCl3CO2H used as a convenient chemical fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Spatola
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Francesco Rispoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Giudice
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Roberta Cacciapaglia
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Casnati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Luciano Marchiò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Baldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Stefano Di Stefano
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università di Roma La Sapienza and ISB-CNR Sede Secondaria di Roma - Meccanismi di Reazione, P.le A. Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy.
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13
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Wimberger L, Prasad SKK, Peeks MD, Andréasson J, Schmidt TW, Beves JE. Large, Tunable, and Reversible pH Changes by Merocyanine Photoacids. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20758-20768. [PMID: 34846132 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular photoswitches capable of generating precise pH changes will allow pH-dependent processes to be controlled remotely and noninvasively with light. We introduce a series of new merocyanine photoswitches, which deliver reversible bulk pH changes up to 3.2 pH units (pH 6.5 to pH 3.3) upon irradiation with 450 nm light, displaying tunable and predictable timescales for thermal recovery. We present models to show that the key parameters for optimizing the bulk pH changes are measurable: the solubility of the photoswitch, the acidity of the merocyanine form, the thermal equilibrium position between the spiropyran and the merocyanine isomers, and the increased acidity under visible light irradiation. Using ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy, we determined the quantum yields for the ring-closing reaction and found that the lifetimes of the transient cis-merocyanine isomers ranged from 30 to 550 ns. Quantum yields did not appear to be a limitation for bulk pH switching. The models we present use experimentally determined parameters and are, in principle, able to predict the change in pH obtained for any related merocyanine photoacid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wimberger
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Shyamal K K Prasad
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martin D Peeks
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Joakim Andréasson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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14
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Synergistic regulation of nonbinary molecular switches by protonation and light. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2112973118. [PMID: 34789566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2112973118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a molecular switching ensemble whose states may be regulated in synergistic fashion by both protonation and photoirradiation. This allows hierarchical control in both a kinetic and thermodynamic sense. These pseudorotaxane-based molecular devices exploit the so-called Texas-sized molecular box (cyclo[2]-(2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene); 14+, studied as its tetrakis-PF6 - salt) as the wheel component. Anions of azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (2H+•2) or 4,4'-stilbenedicarboxylic acid (2H+•3) serve as the threading rod elements. The various forms of 2 and 3 (neutral, monoprotonated, and diprotonated) interact differently with 14+, as do the photoinduced cis or trans forms of these classic photoactive guests. The net result is a multimodal molecular switch that can be regulated in synergistic fashion through protonation/deprotonation and photoirradiation. The degree of guest protonation is the dominating control factor, with light acting as a secondary regulatory stimulus. The present dual input strategy provides a complement to more traditional orthogonal stimulus-based approaches to molecular switching and allows for the creation of nonbinary stimulus-responsive functional materials.
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15
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Spiropyrans: molecules in motion. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Goswami A, Özer MS, Paul I, Schmittel M. Evolution of catalytic machinery: three-component nanorotor catalyzes formation of four-component catalytic machinery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7180-7183. [PMID: 34190276 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02805g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The three-component nanorotor [Cu2(S)(R)]2+ (k298 = 46.0 kHz) that is a catalyst for a CuAAC reaction binds the click product at each of its copper centers thereby creating a new platform and a dynamic slider-on-deck system. Due to this sliding motion (k298 = 65.0 kHz) the zinc-porphyrin bound N-methylpyrrolidine is efficiently released into solution and catalyzes a follow-up Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Merve S Özer
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, Siegen D-57068, Germany.
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17
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Kaiser C, Halbritter T, Heckel A, Wachtveitl J. Proton-Transfer Dynamics of Photoacidic Merocyanines in Aqueous Solution. Chemistry 2021; 27:9160-9173. [PMID: 33929051 PMCID: PMC8361770 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Photoacids attract increasing scientific attention, as they are valuable tools to spatiotemporally control proton-release reactions and pH values of solutions. We present the first time-resolved spectroscopic study of the excited state and proton-release dynamics of prominent merocyanine representatives. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements of a pyridine merocyanine with two distinct protonation sites revealed dissimilar proton-release mechanisms: one site acts as a photoacid generator as its pKa value is modulated in the ground state after photoisomerization, while the other functions as an excited state photoacid which releases its proton within 1.1 ps. With a pKa drop of 8.7 units to -5.5 upon excitation, the latter phenolic site is regarded a super-photoacid. The 6-nitro derivative exhibits only a phenolic site with similar, yet slightly less photoacidic characteristics and both compounds transfer their proton to methanol and ethanol. In contrast, for the related 6,8-dinitro compound an intramolecular proton transfer to the ortho-nitro group is suggested that is involved in a rapid relaxation into the ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Thomas Halbritter
- Current address: Department of Chemistry, Science InstituteUniversity of IcelandDunhaga 3Reykjavikpostcode is missingIceland
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical BiologyGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical ChemistryGoethe University Frankfurt/MainMax-von-Laue-Str. 760438Frankfurt/MainGermany
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18
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Cera G, Arduini A, Secchi A, Credi A, Silvi S. Heteroditopic Calix[6]arene Based Intervowen and Interlocked Molecular Devices. CHEM REC 2021; 21:1161-1181. [PMID: 33656250 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the dawn of supramolecular chemistry, calixarenes have been employed as platforms onto which functional groups and binding sites can be loaded in a regio- and stereocontrolled manner for the recognition of charged and neutral species. Despite their wider annulus, potentially suitable to bind larger guests, the larger members of the calixarene series have been relatively less employed, mainly because of the synthetic difficulties to control their conformational flexibility and their regioselective functionalization. In this account, we will present the achievements gained during the last two decades on the use of the calix[6]arene as a platform to build-up structures in which the macrocycle acts as a wheel for the synthesis of oriented (pseudo)rotaxanes. We also account on how these calix[6]arene hosts affect the reactivity or spectroscopic properties of their bound guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpiero Cera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Arduini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Secchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, I-43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136, Bologna, Italy.,Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Foto reattività, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Gobetti 101, 40129, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Nikolaou V, Charalambidis G, Ladomenou K, Nikoloudakis E, Drivas C, Vamvasakis I, Panagiotakis S, Landrou G, Agapaki E, Stangel C, Henkel C, Joseph J, Armatas G, Vasilopoulou M, Kennou S, Guldi DM, Coutsolelos AG. Controlling Solar Hydrogen Production by Organizing Porphyrins. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:961-970. [PMID: 33285030 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a highly efficient photocatalytic H2 production system is developed by employing porphyrins as photocatalysts. Palladium and platinum tetracarboxyporphyrins (PdTCP and PtTCP) are adsorbed or coadsorbed onto TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs), which act as the electron transport medium and as a scaffold that promotes the self-organization of the porphyrinoids. The self-organization of PdTCP and PtTCP, forming H- and J-aggregates, respectively, is the key element for H2 evolution, as in the absence of TiO2 NPs no catalytic activity is detected. Notably, J-aggregated PtTCPs are more efficient for H2 production than H-aggregated PdTCPs. In this approach, a single porphyrin, which self-organizes onto TiO2 NPs, acts as the light harvester and simultaneously as the catalyst, whereas TiO2 serves as the electron transport medium. Importantly, the concurrent adsorption of PdTCP and PtTCP onto TiO2 NPs results in the most efficient catalytic system, giving a turnover number of 22,733 and 30.2 mmol(H2 ) g(cat)-1 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilis Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Charalambidis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Ladomenou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Nikoloudakis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Charalambos Drivas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Vamvasakis
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stylianos Panagiotakis
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Georgios Landrou
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Agapaki
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christina Stangel
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Christian Henkel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jan Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerasimos Armatas
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (INN), National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310, Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Kennou
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635, Athens, Greece
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Athanassios G Coutsolelos
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Chemistry Department, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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20
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MacDonald TSC, Schmidt TW, Beves JE. An All-Photonic Molecular Amplifier and Binary Flip-flop. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1236-1243. [PMID: 33493395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c03497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A chemical system is proposed that is capable of amplifying small optical inputs into large changes in internal composition, based on a feedback interaction between switchable fluorescence and visible-light photoswitching. This system would demonstrate bifurcating reaction kinetics under irradiation and reach one of two stable photostationary states depending on the initial composition of the system. This behavior would allow the system to act as a chemical realization of the flip-flop circuit, the fundamental element in sequential logic and binary memory storage. We use detailed numerical modeling to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed behavior based on known molecular phenomena and comment on some of the conditions required to realize this system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy W Schmidt
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Yang
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics Technology of Ministry of Education Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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23
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Jeong M, Park J, Kwon S. Molecular Switches and Motors Powered by Orthogonal Stimuli. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sunbum Kwon
- Department of Chemistry Chung‐Ang University Heukseok‐ro, Dongjak‐gu 06974 Seoul Republic of Korea
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24
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Moreno S, Sharan P, Engelke J, Gumz H, Boye S, Oertel U, Wang P, Banerjee S, Klajn R, Voit B, Lederer A, Appelhans D. Light-Driven Proton Transfer for Cyclic and Temporal Switching of Enzymatic Nanoreactors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002135. [PMID: 32783385 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Temporal activation of biological processes by visible light and subsequent return to an inactive state in the absence of light is an essential characteristic of photoreceptor cells. Inspired by these phenomena, light-responsive materials are very attractive due to the high spatiotemporal control of light irradiation, with light being able to precisely orchestrate processes repeatedly over many cycles. Herein, it is reported that light-driven proton transfer triggered by a merocyanine-based photoacid can be used to modulate the permeability of pH-responsive polymersomes through cyclic, temporally controlled protonation and deprotonation of the polymersome membrane. The membranes can undergo repeated light-driven swelling-contraction cycles without losing functional effectiveness. When applied to enzyme loaded-nanoreactors, this membrane responsiveness is used for the reversible control of enzymatic reactions. This combination of the merocyanine-based photoacid and pH-switchable nanoreactors results in rapidly responding and versatile supramolecular systems successfully used to switch enzymatic reactions ON and OFF on demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moreno
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Priyanka Sharan
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Johanna Engelke
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Hannes Gumz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Ulrich Oertel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Peng Wang
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Susanta Banerjee
- Materials Science Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Dietmar Appelhans
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Straße 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
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25
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Berton C, Busiello DM, Zamuner S, Solari E, Scopelliti R, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K, Pezzato C. Thermodynamics and kinetics of protonated merocyanine photoacids in water. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8457-8468. [PMID: 34123105 PMCID: PMC8163397 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastable-state photoacids (mPAHs) are chemical species whose photo-activated state is long-lived enough to allow for proton diffusion. Liao's photoacid (1) represents the archetype of mPAHs, and is being widely used on account of its unique capability to change the acidity of aqueous solutions reversibly. The behavior of 1 in water, however, still remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide in-depth insights on the thermodynamics and kinetics of 1 in water through a series of comparative 1H NMR and UV-Vis studies and relative modelling. Under dark conditions, we quantified a three-component equilibrium system where the dissociation (K a) of the open protonated form (MCH) is followed by isomerization (K c) of the open deprotonated form (MC) to the closed spiropyran form (SP) - i.e., in the absence of light, the ground state acidity can be expressed as K GS a = K a(1 + K c). On the other hand, under powerful and continuous light irradiation we were able to assess, for the first time experimentally, the dissociation constant (K MS a) of the protonated metastable state (cis-MCH). In addition, we found that thermal ring-opening of SP is always rate-determining regardless of pH, whereas hydrolysis is reminiscent of what is found for Schiff bases. The proposed methodology is general, and it was applied to two other compounds bearing a shorter (ethyl, 2) and a longer (butyl, 3) alkyl-1-sulfonate bridge. We found that the pK a remains constant, whereas both pK c and pK MS a linearly increase with the length of the alkyl bridge. Importantly, all results are consistent with a four-component model cycle, which describes perfectly the full dynamics of proton release/uptake of 1-3 in water. The superior hydrolytic stability and water solubility of compound 3, together with its relatively high pK GS a (low K c), allowed us to achieve fully reversible jumps of 2.5 pH units over 18 consecutive cycles (6 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Berton
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Daniel Maria Busiello
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Stefano Zamuner
- Institut de Physique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Euro Solari
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Cristian Pezzato
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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26
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Biswas PK, Saha S, Gaikwad S, Schmittel M. Reversible Multicomponent AND Gate Triggered by Stoichiometric Chemical Pulses Commands the Self-Assembly and Actuation of Catalytic Machinery. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7889-7897. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Sudhakar Gaikwad
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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27
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Remón P, González D, Romero MA, Basílio N, Pischel U. Chemical signal cascading in a supramolecular network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:3737-3740. [PMID: 32124901 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00217h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemically-triggered signalling cascade between cucurbituril host-guest complexes by means of multi-step competitive displacement is demonstrated. The inter-complex communication of chemical information yields the release of bio-relevant cargo, reminiscent of cellular signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Remón
- CIQSO - Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain.
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28
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Bhattacharyya S, Maity M, Chowdhury A, Saha ML, Panja SK, Stang PJ, Mukherjee PS. Coordination-Assisted Reversible Photoswitching of Spiropyran-Based Platinum Macrocycles. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:2083-2091. [PMID: 31971781 PMCID: PMC10615217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Control over the stimuli-responsive behavior of smart molecular systems can influence their capability to execute complex functionalities. Herein, we report the development of a suite of spiropyran-based multi-stimuli-responsive self-assembled platinum(II) macrocycles (5-7), rendering coordination-assisted enhanced photochromism relative to the corresponding ligands. 5 showed shrinking and swelling during photoreversal, while 6 and 7 are fast and fatigue-free supramolecular photoswitches. 6 turns out to be a better fatigue-resistant photoswitch and can retain an intact photoswitching ability of up to 20 reversible cycles. The switching behavior of the macrocycles can also be precisely controlled by tuning the pH of the medium. Our present strategy for the construction of rapid stimuli-responsive supramolecular architectures via coordination-driven self-assembly represents an efficient route for the development of smart molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Manoranjan Maity
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Aniket Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka 560012 India
- Department of Industrial Chemistry , Mizoram University , Aizawl , Mizoram 796004 , India
| | - Manik Lal Saha
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Sumit Kumar Panja
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka 560012 India
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112 , United States
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry , Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore , Karnataka 560012 India
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29
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Kothapalli SSK, Kannekanti VK, Ye Z, Yang Z, Chen L, Cai Y, Zhu B, Feng W, Yuan L. Light-controlled switchable complexation by a non-photoresponsive hydrogen-bonded amide macrocycle. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00116c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A light controlled switchable host–guest system based on a non-photoresponsive H-bonded macrocycle and pyridinium salts was developed using a photoacid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarshana Santhosh Kumar Kothapalli
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Vijaya Kumar Kannekanti
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Zecong Ye
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Zhiyao Yang
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Lixi Chen
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Yimin Cai
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Beichen Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry
- Key Laboratory for Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education
- Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
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30
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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31
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Kortekaas L, Browne WR. The evolution of spiropyran: fundamentals and progress of an extraordinarily versatile photochrome. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3406-3424. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00203k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Spiropyrans have played a pivotal role in the emergence of the field of chromism following their discovery in the early 20th century, with almost ubiquitous use in materials applications especially since their photochromism was discovered in 1952.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Kortekaas
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Stratingh institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
| | - Wesley R. Browne
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry
- Stratingh institute for Chemistry
- University of Groningen
- 9747AG Groningen
- The Netherlands
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32
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Study of the preferential solvation effects in binary solvent mixtures with the use of intensely solvatochromic azobenzene involving [2]rotaxane solutes. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Wendler F, Tom JC, Schacher FH. Synthesis and self-assembly of photoacid-containing block copolymers based on 1-naphthol. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01131e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photoacids experience a strong increase in acidity when absorbing light and, hence, can be considered as molecular switches. The incorporation into amphiphilic block copolymers leads to novel stimuli-responsive materials with great potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Wendler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Jessica C. Tom
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
| | - Felix H. Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC)
- Friedrich Schiller University
- Jena
- 07743 Jena
- Germany
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34
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Yu B, Wang Y, Wang L, Tan X, Zhang YM, Wang K, Li M, Zou B, Zhang SXA. Spontaneous proton transfer in a series of amphoteric molecules under hydrostatic pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17696-17702. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrostatic pressure has induced intermolecular proton transfer in the crystals of a series of amphoteric molecules, which results in significant color changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP)
- Mianyang 621000
- China
| | - Lingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yu-Mo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
| | - Minjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Bo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Sean Xiao-An Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
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35
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Yang L, Caire da Silva L, Thérien-Aubin H, Bannwarth MB, Landfester K. A Reversible Proton Generator with On/Off Thermoswitch. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800713. [PMID: 30536529 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A reversible polymer photoacid with a thermal on/off switch at physiological temperature able to trigger a large pH modulation of its environment is prepared. Light is used to control the acidity of the solution. Additionally, the temperature could be used to modulate the photoacid efficiency, practically turning on and off the ability of the polymer to produce protons. The behavior of this thermoresponsive photoacid copolymer is the result of the combined action of the temperature-responsive N-isopropylacrylamide and of a reversible photoacid monomer based on a spiropyran derivative. The acidification of the aqueous medium is activated by irradiation at λ = 460 nm. The reverse reaction is achieved by removing the light stimuli or by exposing the solution to UV-light. Increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of the copolymer deactivates the photoacid and irradiation at λ = 460 nm does not lead to the generation of protons or to any detectable change in the pH value of the solution. Hence, the addition of N-isopropylacrylamide as a comonomer acts as a thermal on/off switch for the photoacid and the coupling of temperature-and light-responsiveness in the polyphotoacids yields a "thermophotoacid".
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg, 10, Germany
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36
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Abstract
In this paper we elaborate on recently developed molecular switch architectures and how these new systems can help with the realization of new functions and advancement of artificial molecular machines. Progress in chemically and photoinduced switches and motors is summarized and contextualized such that the reader may gain an appreciation for the novel tools that have come about in the past decade. Many of these systems offer distinct advantages over commonly employed switches, including improved fidelity, addressability, and robustness. Thus, this paper serves as a jumping-off point for researchers seeking new switching motifs for specific applications, or ones that address the limitations of presently available systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared D Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Mark J Moran
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755
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37
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Liu X, Wei X, Zhou H, Meng S, Zhao Y, Xue J, Zheng X. UV and Resonance Raman Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies on the Solvent-Dependent Ground and Excited-State Thione → Thiol Tautomerization of 4,6-Dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine (DMMP). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5710-5720. [PMID: 29889517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b04525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The vibrational spectra of 4,6-dimethyl-2-mercaptopyrimidine (DMMP) in acetonitrile, methanol, and water were assigned by resonance Raman spectroscopy through a combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), FT-Raman UV-vis spectroscopy, and density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. The FT-Raman spectra show that the neat solid DMMP is formed as a dimer due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In methanol and water, however, the majority of the Raman spectra were assigned to the vibrational modes of DMMP(solvent) n ( n = 1-4) clusters containing NH···O hydrogen bonds. The intermolecular NH···O hydrogen bond interactions, which are key constituents of the stable DMMP thione structure, revealed significant structural differences in acetonitrile, methanol, and water. In addition, UV-induced hydrogen transfer isomeric reactions between the thione and thiol forms of DMMP were detected in water and acetonitrile. DFT calculations indicate that the observed thione → thiol tautomerization should occur easily in lower excited states in acetonitrile and water.
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38
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Takahashi Y, Kodama S, Ishii Y. Visible-Light-Sensitive Sulfonium Photoacid Generators Bearing a Ferrocenyl Chromophore. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kodama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Youichi Ishii
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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39
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Jansze SM, Cecot G, Severin K. Reversible disassembly of metallasupramolecular structures mediated by a metastable-state photoacid. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4253-4257. [PMID: 29780555 PMCID: PMC5944229 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01108g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of a metastable-state photoacid to solutions containing metal-ligand assemblies renders the systems light responsive. Upon irradiation, proton transfer from the photoacid to the ligand is observed, resulting in disassembly of the metallasupramolecular structure. In the dark, the process is fully reversed. Light-induced switching was demonstrated for six different metal-ligand assemblies containing PdII, PtII or RuII complexes and bridging polypyridyl ligands. The methodology allows liberating guest molecules with light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Giacomo Cecot
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland .
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40
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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41
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Go D, Rommel D, Liao Y, Haraszti T, Sprakel J, Kuehne AJC. Dissipative disassembly of colloidal microgel crystals driven by a coupled cyclic reaction network. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:910-915. [PMID: 29379929 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of natural systems rely on the consumption of chemical fuel or input of external energy to control the assembly and disassembly of functional structures on demand. While dissipative assembly has been demonstrated, the control of structural breakdown using a dissipative cycle remains almost unexplored. Here, we propose and realize a dissipative disassembly process using two coupled cyclic reactions, in which protons mediate the interaction between the cycles. We show how an ordered colloidal crystal, can cyclically transform into a disordered state by addition of energy to a chemical cycle, reversibly activating a photoacid. This cycle is coupled to the colloidal assembly cycle via the exchange of protons, which in turn trigger charging of the particles. This system is an experimental realization of a cyclic reaction-assembly network and its principle can be extended to other types of structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Go
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Rommel
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - Tamás Haraszti
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Joris Sprakel
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52076, Aachen, Germany.
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42
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Zubillaga A, Ferreira P, Parola AJ, Gago S, Basílio N. pH-Gated photoresponsive shuttling in a water-soluble pseudorotaxane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2743-2746. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00688a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Phototriggered ring shuttling in a water-soluble fluorescent pseudorotaxane can be enabled and disabled at different pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Zubillaga
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - P. Ferreira
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - A. J. Parola
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - S. Gago
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
| | - N. Basílio
- Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (LAQV), Rede de Química e Tecnologia (REQUIMTE), Departmento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
- Portugal
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43
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Shi Q, Meng Z, Xiang JF, Chen CF. Efficient control of movement in non-photoresponsive molecular machines by a photo-induced proton-transfer strategy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3536-3539. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01570h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The first successful application of a PIPT strategy executed by the photoacid 1-MEH in controlling the switch of MIM systems has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Zheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Jun-Feng Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
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44
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Goswami A, Pramanik S, Schmittel M. Catalytically active nanorotor reversibly self-assembled by chemical signaling within an eight-component network. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3955-3958. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01496e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an example of advanced molecular cybernetics eight components work together through chemical signaling reversibly setting up multifunctional nanomachinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Susnata Pramanik
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering
- Organische Chemie I
- Universität Siegen
- D-57068 Siegen
- Germany
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45
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Paul I, Goswami A, Mittal N, Schmittel M. Catalytic Three-Component Machinery: Control of Catalytic Activity by Machine Speed. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 57:354-358. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; University of Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2 57068 Siegen Germany
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46
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Paul I, Goswami A, Mittal N, Schmittel M. Katalytische Drei-Komponenten-Maschinen: Steuerung der katalytischen Aktivität mittels Maschinengeschwindigkeit. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Indrajit Paul
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Nikita Mittal
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I; Universität Siegen; Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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47
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Zhang J, Tang Q, Gao ZZ, Huang Y, Xiao X, Tao Z. Stimuli-Responsive Supramolecular Assemblies between Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril and Hemicyanine Dyes and Their Analysis Application. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:11119-11123. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qing Tang
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhong-Zheng Gao
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ying Huang
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- The
Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical
Resources of National Education Ministry of China, ‡Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and
Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, and §College of Tobacco of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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48
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Shi Q, Han Y, Chen CF. Complexation Between (O-Methyl) 6 -2,6-Helic[6]arene and Tertiary Ammonium Salts: Acid/Base- or Chloride-Ion-Responsive Host-Guest Systems and Synthesis of [2]Rotaxane. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2576-2582. [PMID: 28703463 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Complexation between (O-methyl)6 -2,6-helic[6]arene and a series of tertiary ammonium salts was described. It was found that the macrocycle could form stable complexes with the tested aromatic and aliphatic tertiary ammonium salts, which were evidenced by 1 H NMR spectra, ESI mass spectra, and DFT calculations. In particular, the binding and release process of the guests in the complexes could be efficiently controlled by acid/base or chloride ions, which represents the first acid/base- and chloride-ion-responsive host-guest systems based on macrocyclic arenes and protonated tertiary ammonium salts. Moreover, the first 2,6-helic[6]arene-based [2]rotaxane was also synthesized from the condensation between the host-guest complex and isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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49
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Halbritter T, Kaiser C, Wachtveitl J, Heckel A. Pyridine–Spiropyran Derivative as a Persistent, Reversible Photoacid in Water. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8040-8047. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Halbritter
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Institute for Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
7, 60438 Frankfurt
(M), Germany
| | - Christoph Kaiser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Institute for Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
7, 60438 Frankfurt
(M), Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Institute for Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
7, 60438 Frankfurt
(M), Germany
| | - Alexander Heckel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology and ‡Institute for Physical
and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse
7, 60438 Frankfurt
(M), Germany
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50
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Mondal B, Ghosh AK, Mukherjee PS. Reversible Multistimuli Switching of a Spiropyran-Functionalized Organic Cage in Solid and Solution. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7783-7790. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Aloke Kumar Ghosh
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
| | - Partha Sarathi Mukherjee
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India
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