1
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One Fluorophore‐Two Sensing Films: Hydrogen‐Bond Directed Formation of a Quadruple Perylene Bisimide Stack. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201974. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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2
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Bracciale MP, Kwon G, Ho D, Kim C, Santarelli ML, Marrocchi A. Synthesis, Characterization, and Thin-Film Transistor Response of Benzo[i]pentahelicene-3,6-dione. Molecules 2022; 27:863. [PMID: 35164123 PMCID: PMC8840029 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic semiconductors hold the promise of simple, large area solution deposition, low thermal budgets as well as compatibility with flexible substrates, thus emerging as viable alternatives for cost-effective (opto)-electronic devices. In this study, we report the optimized synthesis and characterization of a helically shaped polycyclic aromatic compound, namely benzo[i]pentahelicene-3,6-dione, and explored its use in the fabrication of organic field effect transistors. In addition, we investigated its thermal, optical absorption, and electrochemical properties. Finally, the single crystal X-ray characterization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paola Bracciale
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guhyun Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (G.K.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Dongil Ho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (G.K.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Choongik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea; (G.K.); (D.H.); (C.K.)
| | - Maria Laura Santarelli
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials and Environment, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Assunta Marrocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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3
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Macher S, Sassi M, Beverina L, Posset U, Schott M, Giffin GA, Löbmann P. Electrochromic Polymer Ink Derived from a Sidechain‐Modified EDOT for Electrochromic Devices with Colorless Bright State. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Macher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 I-20125 Milano Italy
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano-Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 I-20125 Milano Italy
| | - Uwe Posset
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Marco Schott
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Guinevere A. Giffin
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
| | - Peer Löbmann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC Neunerplatz 2 D-97082 Würzburg Germany
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4
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Bulumulla C, Gunawardhana R, Gamage PL, Miller JT, Kularatne RN, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Pyrrole-Containing Semiconducting Materials: Synthesis and Applications in Organic Photovoltaics and Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:32209-32232. [PMID: 32584535 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconducting materials derived from π-electron-rich pyrroles have garnered attention in recent years for the development of organic semiconductors. Although pyrrole is the most electron-rich five-membered heteroaromatic ring, it has found few applications in organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors due to synthetic challenges and instability. However, computational modeling assisted screening processes have indicated that relatively stable materials containing pyrrolic units can be synthesized without compromising their inherent electron-donating properties. In this work, we provide a complete, up-to-date review of pyrrole-containing semiconducting materials used for organic photovoltaics and organic field-effect transistors and highlight recent advances in the synthesis of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandima Bulumulla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruwan Gunawardhana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Prabhath L Gamage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Justin T Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Ruvanthi N Kularatne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Michael C Biewer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Mihaela C Stefan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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5
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Al-horaibi SA, Asiri AM, El-Shishtawy RM, Gaikwad ST, Rajbhoj AS. Synthesis and characterization of new squaraine dyes with bis-pendent carboxylic groups for dye-sensitized solar cells. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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6
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Multiscale modeling of active layer of hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells for photovoltaic applications by means of density functional theory and integral equation theory of molecular liquids. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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7
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McAfee SM, Welch GC. Development of Organic Dye‐Based Molecular Materials for Use in Fullerene‐Free Organic Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2018; 19:989-1007. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seth M. McAfee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB Canada T2 N 1 N4
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary, AB Canada T2 N 1 N4
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8
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Chen G, Ling Z, Wei B, Zhang J, Hong Z, Sasabe H, Kido J. Comparison of the Solution and Vacuum-Processed Squaraine:Fullerene Small-Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. Front Chem 2018; 6:412. [PMID: 30255017 PMCID: PMC6141623 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squaraine dyes have shown promising properties for high performance organic solar cells owing to their advantages of intense absorption and high absorption coefficients in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. In this work, to directly compare the photovoltaic performance of solution- and vacuum-processed small-molecule bulk heterojunction (SMBHJ) solar cells, we employed a squaraine small molecular dye, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DIBSQ), as an electron donor combined with fullerene acceptors to fabricate SMBHJ cells either from solution or vacuum deposition process. The solution-processed SMBHJ cell possesses a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~4.3%, while the vacuum-processed cell provides a PCE of ~6.3%. Comparison of the device performance shows that the vacuum-processed SMBHJ cells possess higher short-circuit current density, fill factor and thus higher PCE than the solution-processed devices, which should be assigned to more efficient charge transport and charge extraction in the vacuum-processed SMBHJ cells. However, solution-processed SMBHJ cells demonstrate more pronounced temperature-dependent device performance and higher device stability. This study indicates the great potential of DIBSQ in photovoltaic application via both of solution and vacuum processing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitian Ling
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziruo Hong
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- Department of Organic Device Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Japan
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9
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Abstract
It is necessary to develop semitransparent photovoltaic cell for increasing the energy density from sunlight, useful for harvesting solar energy through the windows and roofs of buildings and vehicles. Current semitransparent photovoltaics are mostly based on Si, but it is difficult to adjust the color transmitted through Si cells intrinsically for enhancing the visual comfort for human. Recent intensive studies on translucent polymer- and perovskite-based photovoltaic cells offer considerable opportunities to escape from Si-oriented photovoltaics because their electrical and optical properties can be easily controlled by adjusting the material composition. Here, we review recent progress in materials fabrication, design of cell structure, and device engineering/characterization for high-performance/semitransparent organic and perovskite solar cells, and discuss major problems to overcome for commercialization of these solar cells.
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10
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Fang Y, Cibian M, Hanan GS, Perepichka DF, De Feyter S, Cuccia LA, Ivasenko O. Alkyl chain length effects on double-deck assembly at a liquid/solid interface. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14993-15002. [PMID: 30052249 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04220a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Controlled double-deck packing is an appealing means to expand upon conventional 2D self-assembly which is critical in crystal engineering, yet it is rare and poorly understood. Herein, we report the first systematic study of double-deck assembly in a series of alkylated aminoquinone derivatives at the liquid-solid interface. The competition between the fraction of alkyl chains adsorbed on the surface and the optimal conformation of the alkyl chains near the head group leads to a stepwise structural transformation ranging from complete double-deck packing to complete monolayer packing. Alkyl chains on the bottom or top layer of the double-deck assemblies were selectively visualized by carefully tuning the scanning tunneling microscopy settings. A method to easily identify mirror image domains was discovered based on the coincidence of domain boundaries with a graphite main axis. The effect of molecular symmetry and metal complexation on the formation of the double-deck assembly was also explored. Based on 2D crystal engineering principles, this bottom-up double-deck assembly can potentially provide an essential toehold for constructing precise 3D hierarchical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada.
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11
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Yang D, Sano T, Sasabe H, Yang L, Ohisa S, Chen Y, Huang Y, Kido J. Colorful Squaraines Dyes for Efficient Solution-Processed All Small-Molecule Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:26465-26472. [PMID: 30039959 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Semitransparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs) exhibit highly promising applications to develop integrated photovoltaics and power-generating windows. However, the development of ST-OSCs is significantly lagging behind opaque OSCs, especially for all small-molecule ST-OSCs. Here, four unique squaraines dyes (IDPSQ, SQ-BP, D-BDT-SQ, and AzUSQ) were successfully used as donors in ST-OSCs, whose colors can be tuned from purple to blue, green, and dark green, respectively. While using ultrathin Ag as a transparent electrode, the ST-OSCs fabricated using IDPSQ:PC71BM, SQ-BP:PC71BM, D-BDT-SQ:PC71BM, and AzUSQ:PC71BM yield power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 2.96, 4.36, 4.91, and 1.71%, respectively, and their colors are purple, cyan, brown, and light brown, respectively. Compared to their opaque OSCs (PCEs of 3.95, 5.45, 5.84, and 1.91%, respectively), the reduction in the PCEs are as low as 25, 20, 16, and 10%, respectively. Furthermore, each of these ST-OSCs exhibit good average visible transmittance (AVT) of 25-30%, favorable CIE color coordinates, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 71-97%. Finally, by changing the thickness of the Ag electrode, an impressive PCE of 4.9% along with an AVT of 25% and a CRI of 97% can be obtained in D-BDT-SQ:PC71BM-based ST-OSCs, which is the highest PCE among all small-molecule ST-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Yang
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Department of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Takeshi Sano
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Department of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Department of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Satoru Ohisa
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Department of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa 992-8510 , Japan
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yan Huang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Junji Kido
- Research Center for Organic Electronics (ROEL), Frontier Center for Organic Materials (FROM), Department of Organic Materials Science , Yamagata University , Yonezawa 992-8510 , Japan
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12
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Lynch DE, Hamilton DG. Microreview: Pyrrol-3-yl squaraines (including indol-3-yl squaraines). J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Lynch
- Exilica Limited; The Technocentre; Puma Way Coventry CV1 2TT UK
| | - Darren G. Hamilton
- Department of Chemistry; Mount Holyoke College; 50 College St South Hadley Massachusetts 01075 USA
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13
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Song X, Yu H, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Ye K, Wang Y. Controllable morphology and self-assembly of one-dimensional luminescent crystals based on alkyl-fluoro-substituted dithienophenazines. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00021b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A class of dithienophenazine derivatives, 9,10-difluoro-2,5-dialkyldithieno[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine (F-n, n = 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8), modified with various lengths of linear alkyl chains were synthesized and used as building blocks to assemble luminescent one-dimensional (1D) nano/microcrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Hanbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
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14
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Optoelectronic engineering with organic dyes: utilizing squaraine and perylene diimide to access an electron-deficient molecule with near-IR absorption. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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The extent of charge transfer: A qualitative computational study on electronic transitions of unsymmetrical squarylium dyes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Tarkuç S, Eelkema R, Grozema FC. The relationship between molecular structure and electronic properties in dicyanovinyl substituted acceptor-donor-acceptor chromophores. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Shi Y, Tan XJ, Xing DX, Sui QC, Liu B, Feng WQ, Liu Y. X-ray crystallographic analysis and DFT calculations of three ‘propylene linker’ dimers linked by one polystep reaction. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Ma XN, Tan XJ, Xing DX, Sui QC, Liu JM, Xu CX, Liu Y. Two families of bis(imido) symmetrical Schiff bases: X-ray crystal structure and optical properties. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.02.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Ghosh T, Panicker JS, Nair VC. Self-Assembled Organic Materials for Photovoltaic Application. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E112. [PMID: 30970792 PMCID: PMC6431919 DOI: 10.3390/polym9030112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic photovoltaic cells based on bulk-heterojunction architecture have been a topic of intense research for the past two decades. Recent reports on power conversion efficiency surpassing 10% suggest these devices are a viable low-cost choice for a range of applications where conventional silicon solar cells are not suitable. Further improvements in efficiency could be achieved with the enhanced interaction between the donor and acceptor components. Effective utilization of supramolecular interactions to tailor and manipulate the communication between the components in the blend is a good strategy towards this end. Literature reports suggest that the long-term stability of organic solar cells, a major hurdle for commercial applications, can also be partially addressed by generating stable supramolecular nanostructures. In this review, we have made an attempt to summarize advances in small molecule, oligomer and polymer based systems, wherein supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen-bonding, pi-pi stacking, and dipole-dipole are explored for realizing stable and efficient bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanwistha Ghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Jayanthy S Panicker
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
| | - Vijayakumar C Nair
- Photosciences and Photonics Section, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695019, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India.
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Payne AJ, Welch GC. Optimized synthesis of π-extended squaraine dyes relevant to organic electronics by direct (hetero)arylation and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3310-3319. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of four molecular π-extended squaraine compounds relevant to the field of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby-Jo Payne
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive N.W
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Gregory C. Welch
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- 2500 University Drive N.W
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
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21
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Kubota Y, Tsukamoto M, Ohnishi K, Jin J, Funabiki K, Matsui M. Synthesis and fluorescence properties of novel squarylium–boron complexes. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00225d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Novel squarylium–boron complexes showed a significantly enhanced fluorescence quantum yield compared to the corresponding uncomplexed squarylium dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kubota
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsukamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Ohnishi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Jiye Jin
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Shinshu University
- Matsumoto
- Japan
| | - Kazumasa Funabiki
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
| | - Masaki Matsui
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science
- Faculty of Engineering
- Gifu University
- Gifu 501-1193
- Japan
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22
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Sivakumar G, Sasikumar M, Rao VJ. Synthesis and Characterization of Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based D‐π‐A‐π‐D Small Molecules for Organic Solar Cell Applications. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gangala Sivakumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Mayarambakam Sasikumar
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
| | - Vaidya Jayathirtha Rao
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division and AcSIRCSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500007 India
- Network Institutes for Solar Energy New Delhi India
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23
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Kang H, Kim G, Kim J, Kwon S, Kim H, Lee K. Bulk-Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells: Five Core Technologies for Their Commercialization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7821-7861. [PMID: 27345936 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201601197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades of vigorous interdisciplinary approaches has seen tremendous breakthroughs in both scientific and technological developments of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nanocomposites of π-conjugated organic semiconductors. Because of their unique functionalities, the OSC field is expected to enable innovative photovoltaic applications that can be difficult to achieve using traditional inorganic solar cells: OSCs are printable, portable, wearable, disposable, biocompatible, and attachable to curved surfaces. The ultimate objective of this field is to develop cost-effective, stable, and high-performance photovoltaic modules fabricated on large-area flexible plastic substrates via high-volume/throughput roll-to-roll printing processing and thus achieve the practical implementation of OSCs. Recently, intensive research efforts into the development of organic materials, processing techniques, interface engineering, and device architectures have led to a remarkable improvement in power conversion efficiencies, exceeding 11%, which has finally brought OSCs close to commercialization. Current research interests are expanding from academic to industrial viewpoints to improve device stability and compatibility with large-scale printing processes, which must be addressed to realize viable applications. Here, both academic and industrial issues are reviewed by highlighting historically monumental research results and recent state-of-the-art progress in OSCs. Moreover, perspectives on five core technologies that affect the realization of the practical use of OSCs are presented, including device efficiency, device stability, flexible and transparent electrodes, module designs, and printing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkyu Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunjin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sooncheol Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, GIST-ICL International Collaboration R&D Centre, Heeger Center for Advanced Materials, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Turrisi R, Mascheroni L, Sassi M, Rooney M, Buccheri N, Ruffo R, Facchetti A, Beverina L. Synthesis and Characterization of Squaraine-Based Photocrosslinkable Resists for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turrisi
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Luca Mascheroni
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Mauro Sassi
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Myles Rooney
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Nunzio Buccheri
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Riccardo Ruffo
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Centre; Northwestern University; North Sheridan Road 60208 Evanston Illinois USA
- Polyera Corporation; 8045 Lamon Avenue Skokie Illinois 60077 USA
| | - Luca Beverina
- Department of Materials Science; University of Milano Bicocca; Via Roberto Cozzi 55 20125, Italy Milano
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25
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Maltese V, Cospito S, Beneduci A, De Simone BC, Russo N, Chidichimo G, Janssen RAJ. Electro-optical Properties of Neutral and Radical Ion Thienosquaraines. Chemistry 2016; 22:10179-86. [PMID: 27334359 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thienosquaraines are an interesting class of electroactive dyes that are useful for applications in organic electronics. Herein, the redox chemistry and electrochromic response of a few newly synthesized thienosquaraines are presented. These properties are compared to those of the commercial 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl]squaraine. The stability of the radical ions formed in electrochemical processes strongly affects these properties, as shown by cyclic voltammetry, in situ spectroelectrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, all of the dyes show aggregation tendency resulting in panchromatic absorption covering the whole UV/Vis spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Maltese
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy. .,Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sante Cospito
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Amerigo Beneduci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy.
| | - Bruna Clara De Simone
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Nino Russo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chidichimo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036, Italy
| | - René A J Janssen
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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26
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Gsänger M, Bialas D, Huang L, Stolte M, Würthner F. Organic Semiconductors based on Dyes and Color Pigments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3615-45. [PMID: 27028553 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201505440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Organic dyes and pigments constitute a large class of industrial products. The utilization of these compounds in the field of organic electronics is reviewed with particular emphasis on organic field-effect transistors. It is shown that for most major classes of industrial dyes and pigments, i.e., phthalocyanines, perylene and naphthalene diimides, diketopyrrolopyrroles, indigos and isoindigos, squaraines, and merocyanines, charge-carrier mobilities exceeding 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) have been achieved. The most widely investigated molecules due to their n-channel operation are perylene and naphthalene diimides, for which even values close to 10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) have been demonstrated. The fact that all of these π-conjugated colorants contain polar substituents leading to strongly quadrupolar or even dipolar molecules suggests that indeed a much larger structural space shows promise for the design of organic semiconductor molecules than was considered in this field traditionally. In particular, because many of these dye and pigment chromophores demonstrate excellent thermal and (photo-)chemical stability in their original applications in dyeing and printing, and are accessible by straightforward synthetic protocols, they bear a particularly high potential for commercial applications in the area of organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gsänger
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Paek S, Rub MA, Choi H, Kosa SA, Alamry KA, Cho JW, Gao P, Ko J, Asiri AM, Nazeeruddin MK. A dual-functional asymmetric squaraine-based low band gap hole transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:6335-6340. [PMID: 26511537 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05697g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate for the first time an asymmetric squaraine-based low band-gap hole transporting material, which acted as both light harvesting and hole transporting layers in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite solar cells. Opto-electrochemical characterization revealed extremely high molar extinction coefficients of the absorption bands in the low energy region and prominent space charge delocalization due to its electronically asymmetric nature. A suitable band alignment of the squaraine HOMO level with the valence band edge of the perovskite, and the conduction band of the TiO2 with LUMO of the perovskite allowed a cascade of hole extraction and electron injection, respectively. Red-shifted absorption was observed for both HTMs in thin films coated on the perovskite, and the optimized devices exhibited an impressive PCE of 14.7% under full sunlight illumination (100 mW cm(-2), AM1.5 G). The efficiency value is comparable to that of the devices using a state-of-the-art spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer under similar conditions. Ambient stability after 300 h revealed that 88% of the initial efficiency remained for , and almost no change for , indicating that the devices had good long-term stability thus suggesting that the asymmetric squaraines have great potential as a dual-functional HTM for high performance perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghyun Paek
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland. and Department of New Material Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea.
| | - Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hyeju Choi
- Department of New Material Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea.
| | - Samia A Kosa
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alamry
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jin Woo Cho
- LG Innotek QE team 570, Hyuanm-ro, Munsan-eup, Paju-si, Gyeongi-do 413-901, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Gao
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
| | - Jaejung Ko
- Department of New Material Chemistry, Korea University, Jochiwon, Chungnam 339-700, Korea.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR), King Abdulaziz, University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland.
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28
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Varma PCR, Namboothiry MAG. Squaraine based solution processed inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells processed in air. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:3438-43. [PMID: 26426261 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05080d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Inverted bulk heterojunction solar cells based on low temperature solution processed squaraine (SQ) and [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl-ester (PC71BM) with varying blend ratios were made in air. An optimized bulk heterojunction device of SQ and PC71BM (with a blend ratio of 1 : 6) showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.45% with an incident photon to current conversion efficiency of 65% at 680 nm and a spectral window extending to the NIR region. The devices also showed an enhanced PCE value of 4.12% upon continuous illumination from an AM1.5G light source of intensity 1 Sun. The intensity dependent photocurrent studies showed a monomolecular recombination mechanism in the photovoltaic device performance. The device stored in air showed reasonable stability for a period of one month.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Reshmi Varma
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus, Engineering College P O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala PIN 695016, India.
| | - Manoj A G Namboothiry
- School of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, CET Campus, Engineering College P O, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala PIN 695016, India.
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29
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Yang L, Yang D, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang M, Huang Y, Lu Z, Sasabe H, Kido J. Unsymmetrical squaraines with new linkage manner for high-performance solution-processed small-molecule organic photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra24186c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two unsymmetrical squaraines were employed as donors for high performance BHJ-OPV devices with Jsc > 13 mA cm−2 and PCE > 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Mangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- Department of Organic Device Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
- Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- Department of Organic Device Engineering
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa
- Japan
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30
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Arjona-Esteban A, Krumrain J, Liess A, Stolte M, Huang L, Schmidt D, Stepanenko V, Gsänger M, Hertel D, Meerholz K, Würthner F. Influence of Solid-State Packing of Dipolar Merocyanine Dyes on Transistor and Solar Cell Performances. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13524-34. [PMID: 26414767 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A series of nine dipolar merocyanine dyes has been studied as organic semiconductors in transistors and solar cells. These dyes exhibited single-crystal packing motifs with different dimensional ordering, which can be correlated to the performance of the studied devices. Hereby, the long-range ordering of the dyes in staircase-like slipped stacks with J-type excitonic coupling favors charge transport and improves solar cell performance. The different morphologies of transistor thin films and solar cell active layers were investigated by UV-vis, AFM, and XRD experiments. Selenium-containing donor-acceptor (D-A) dimethine dye 4 showed the highest hole mobility of 0.08 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). BHJ solar cells based on dye 4 were optimized by taking advantage of the high crystallinity of the donor material and afforded a PCE of up to 6.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhama Arjona-Esteban
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Krumrain
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburgerstr. 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Andreas Liess
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Gsänger
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Hertel
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburgerstr. 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department Chemie, Universität zu Köln , Luxemburgerstr. 116, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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32
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Yang D, Yang L, Huang Y, Jiao Y, Igarashi T, Chen Y, Lu Z, Pu X, Sasabe H, Kido J. Asymmetrical Squaraines Bearing Fluorine-Substituted Indoline Moieties for High-Performance Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:13675-13684. [PMID: 26028267 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b03558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two novel asymmetrical squaraines based on the indoline unit, ASQ-5-F and ASQ-5-DF, with one and two fluorine substituents, have been developed to investigate the effect of fluorine substituted on small-molecule bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). In comparison with non-fluorine-substituted ASQ-5, both fluorine-substituted ASQ-5-F and ASQ-5-DF possess analogous absorption band gaps but 0.05 and 0.10 eV lowered highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, respectively. Single-crystal analysis exhibits that ASQ-5-DF shows more desirable intermolecular packing patterns for the hole-carrier collection than ASQ-5 does; hence, higher hole mobility could be acquired. Therefore, solution-processed small-molecule BHJ OSCs fabricated with ASQ-5-F/PC71BM and ASQ-5-DF/PC71BM blends exhibit extremely higher power conversion efficiency (PCE; 5.0% and 6.0%, respectively) than that of ASQ-5/PC71BM (4.5%). The much improved PCE could be attributed to the simultaneously enhanced Voc, Jsc, and FF relative to those of the ASQ-5-based device. To our knowledge, this is the highest PCE (6.0%) among squaraine-based solution-processed BHJ OSCs and the highest PCE in OSCs based on the fluorinated donor segment of small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daobin Yang
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
- ‡Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Lin Yang
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiao
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Tsukasa Igarashi
- ‡Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yao Chen
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- †Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Hisahiro Sasabe
- ‡Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Kido
- ‡Department of Organic Device Engineering, Research Center for Organic Electronics, Yamagata University, Yonezawa 992-8510, Japan
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33
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Lambert C, Koch F, Völker SF, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M, Humeniuk A, Röhr MIS, Mitric R, Brixner T. Energy Transfer Between Squaraine Polymer Sections: From Helix to Zigzag and All the Way Back. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:7851-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lambert
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Federico Koch
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian F. Völker
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Humeniuk
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I. S. Röhr
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roland Mitric
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Brixner
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, ‡Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
(CNC), and §Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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34
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Lambert C, Scherpf T, Ceymann H, Schmiedel A, Holzapfel M. Coupled Oscillators for Tuning Fluorescence Properties of Squaraine Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3547-57. [DOI: 10.1021/ja512338w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research
Center for Complex Material Systems, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry,
Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research
Center for Complex Material Systems, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry,
Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Harald Ceymann
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research
Center for Complex Material Systems, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry,
Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research
Center for Complex Material Systems, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry,
Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen Research
Center for Complex Material Systems, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry,
Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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35
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Chen Y, Zhu Y, Yang D, Luo Q, Yang L, Huang Y, Zhao S, Lu Z. Asymmetrical squaraines for high-performance small-molecule organic solar cells with a short circuit current of over 12 mA cm−2. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:6133-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00704f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical squaraine dyes with two aryl groups directly linked to the squaric acid core were synthesized, and exhibited excellent photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Youqin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Suling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Optoelectronics Technology
- Beijing Jiaotong University
- Beijing 100044
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education)
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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36
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Tomassetti M, Ouhib F, Cardinaletti I, Verstappen P, Salleo A, Jérôme C, Manca J, Maes W, Detrembleur C. Branched and linear A2–D–A1–D–A2isoindigo-based solution-processable small molecules for organic field-effect transistors and solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra17660c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A2–D–A1–D–A2type small molecules were synthesized, providing a solar cell efficiency of 1.9% and hole mobility of 3.7 × 10−3cm2V−1s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Tomassetti
- Center for Education and
- Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liège (Ulg)
- Chemistry Department
- 40009 Liège
| | - Farid Ouhib
- Center for Education and
- Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liège (Ulg)
- Chemistry Department
- 40009 Liège
| | | | - Pieter Verstappen
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS)
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Hasselt University
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Stanford
- California 94305
- USA
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Center for Education and
- Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liège (Ulg)
- Chemistry Department
- 40009 Liège
| | - Jean Manca
- X-Lab
- Hasselt University
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Wouter Maes
- Design & Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS)
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC)
- Hasselt University
- 3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and
- Research on Macromolecules (CERM)
- University of Liège (Ulg)
- Chemistry Department
- 40009 Liège
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37
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Yang D, Zhu Y, Jiao Y, Yang L, Yang Q, Luo Q, Pu X, Huang Y, Zhao S, Lu Z. N,N-Diarylamino end-capping as a new strategy for simultaneously enhancing open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor in small molecule organic solar cells. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00770d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
N,N-Diarylamino end-capping strategy for asymmetrical squaraines with simultaneously enhanced Voc, Jsc and FF in solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells.
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38
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Kitova S, Stoyanova D, Dikova J, Kandinska M, Vasilev A, Angelova S. Optical modeling of bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells based on squarine dye as electron donor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/558/1/012052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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39
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An electro-optical and electron injection study of benzothiazole-based squaraine dyes as efficient dye-sensitized solar cell materials: a first principles study. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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40
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Jung J, Yoon YJ, He M, Lin Z. Organic-inorganic nanocomposites composed of conjugated polymers and semiconductor nanocrystals for photovoltaics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehan Jung
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Young Jun Yoon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Ming He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia 30332
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41
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42
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Roncali J, Leriche P, Blanchard P. Molecular materials for organic photovoltaics: small is beautiful. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3821-38. [PMID: 24687246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An overview of some recent developments of the chemistry of molecular donor materials for organic photovoltaics (OPV) is presented. Although molecular materials have been used for the fabrication of OPV cells from the very beginning of the field, the design of molecular donors specifically designed for OPV is a relatively recent research area. In the past few years, molecular donors have been used in both vacuum-deposited and solution-processed OPV cells and both fields have witnessed impressive progress with power conversion efficiencies crossing the symbolic limit of 10 %. However, this progress has been achieved at the price of an increasing complexity of the chemistry of active materials and of the technology of device fabrication. This evolution probably inherent to the progress of research is difficult to reconcile with the necessity for OPV to demonstrate a decisive economic advantage over existing silicon technology. In this short review various classes of molecular donors are discussed with the aim of defining possible basic molecular structures that can combine structural simplicity, low molecular weight, synthetic accessibility, scalability and that can represent possible starting points for the development of simple and cost-effective OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Roncali
- Group Linear Conjugated Systems, CNRS MOLTECH-Anjou, University of Angers, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers, France
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43
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Singh SP, Sharma GD. Near Infrared Organic Semiconducting Materials for Bulk Heterojunction and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. CHEM REC 2014; 14:419-81. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201300041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Singh
- Inorganic & Physical Chemistry Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technolog; Hyderabad 500607 India
| | - G. D. Sharma
- R & D center for Engineering and Science; JEC group of Colleges; Jaipur Engineering College Campus; Kukas Jaipur India
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44
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An Q, Zhang F, Li L, Wang J, Zhang J, Zhou L, Tang W. Improved efficiency of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by doping low-bandgap small molecules. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:6537-6544. [PMID: 24735205 DOI: 10.1021/am500074s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present performance improved ternary bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells by doping a small molecule, 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-diisobutylamino)-2,6-dihydroxyphenyl] squaraine (DIB-SQ), into the common binary blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). The optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of P3HT:PC71BM-based cells was improved from 3.05% to 3.72% by doping 1.2 wt % DIB-SQ as the second electron donor, which corresponds to ∼22% PCE enhancement. The main contributions of doping DIB-SQ material on the improved performance of PSCs can be summarized as (i) harvesting more photons in the low-energy range, (ii) increased exciton dissociation, energy transfer, and charge carrier transport in the ternary blend films. The energy transfer process from P3HT to DIB-SQ is demonstrated by time-resolved transient photoluminescence spectra through monitoring the lifetime of 700 nm emission from neat P3HT, DIB-SQ and blended P3HT:DIB-SQ solutions. The lifetime of 700 nm emission is increased from 0.9 ns for neat P3HT solution, to 4.9 ns for neat DIB-SQ solution, to 6.2 ns for P3HT:DIB-SQ blend solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, Beijing Jiaotong University , 100044, China
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45
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Li J, Guo K, Shen J, Yang W, Yin M. A difunctional squarylium indocyanine dye distinguishes dead cells through diverse staining of the cell nuclei/membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:1351-1360. [PMID: 24130101 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201302920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized fluorescent dyes have attracted great interest for the specific staining of subcellular organelles in multicellular organisms. A novel nanometer-sized water-soluble multi-functional squarylium indocyanine dye (D1) that contains four primary amines is synthesized. The dye exhibits good photostability, non-toxicity and biocompatibility. Isothermal titration calorimetry demonstrates that an affinity between D1 and DNA is higher than that between D1 and analogue of phospholipids. Analysis of circular dichroism spectra indicates that D1 targets to the DNA minor groove and aggregates to a helix. Because of the distinct affinity between the dye and subcellular organelles, the dye exhibits difunctional abilities to label the cell nuclei in fixed cells/tissue and the cell membranes in live cells/tissue. By combination of the two staining capabilities, the dye is further explored as a specific marker to distinguish apoptotic cells in live cells/tissue. The research opens a new way to design novel multifunctional dyes for life science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical, Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029, Beijing, China
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46
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Gsänger M, Kirchner E, Stolte M, Burschka C, Stepanenko V, Pflaum J, Würthner F. High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors of J-Stacked Squaraine Dyes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:2351-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409496r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Gsänger
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Kirchner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Burschka
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Stepanenko
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems
Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, and ‡Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg and Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern e.V.), Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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47
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Jiang JQ, Sun CL, Shi ZF, Zhang HL. Squaraines as light-capturing materials in photovoltaic cells. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have summarized the recent developments in the molecular design strategies of squaraines for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Chun-Lin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Fa Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
| | - Hao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry (SKLAOC)
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou, China
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48
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Salassa G, Ryan JW, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Spectroscopic properties of Zn(salphenazine) complexes and their application in small molecule organic solar cells. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:210-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Paramasivam M, Gupta A, Raynor AM, Bhosale SV, Bhanuprakash K, Jayathirtha Rao V. Small band gap D-π-A-π-D benzothiadiazole derivatives with low-lying HOMO levels as potential donors for applications in organic photovoltaics: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02700k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small organic molecules with potential applications as donors in OPV featuring carbazole, benzocarbazole as donors, benzothiadiazole as acceptor and fluorene, thiophene as spacers (π) have been synthesized and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahalingavelar Paramasivam
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
| | - Akhil Gupta
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aaron M. Raynor
- School of Applied Sciences
- RMIT University
- Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - K. Bhanuprakash
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- New Delhi, India
| | - V. Jayathirtha Rao
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, 500007 India
- CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy
- New Delhi, India
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50
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