1
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Al-Shawabkeh AF. Thermodynamic characteristics of the aliphatic polyamide crystal structures: Enhancement of nylon 66α, 610α and 77γ polymers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21042. [PMID: 37916125 PMCID: PMC10616352 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the polymer industry's reliance on nylon polymers, numerous questions remain about their crystal structures, modeling, and other features. This work discusses the thermodynamic properties and molecular modeling of a polyamides nylon 66α, 610α, and 77γ crystal structure systems for use in various electronics and Nano-devices that feature distinct properties such as exceptional optoelectronic properties at a low cost compared to other structures. This study looked at the crystal structure of a linear polyamide chain made up of repeating units. The influence of the thermal expansion coefficient and thermodynamic parameters on crystal structures' characteristics at different temperatures has previously been explored. The findings of this study demonstrate, on the one hand, the influence of the amorphous phase on the final thermodynamic characteristics of semi-crystalline polymers and, on the other hand, pave the way for greater improvement in the durability of these polymers by increasing their crystalline features. The values of the thermodynamic parameters for nylon 66α, 610α and 77γ such as enthalpy (ΔHExp.) were 35.08, 40.25, and 1.44 kJ/mol, entropy (ΔSExp.) 113.75, 128.84, and 15.10 J/mol-K, free energy (ΔGExp.) was -44.57, -46.62, and -6.86 kJ/mol, respectively. When the nylon data is compared, the nylon 610α exhibits a significantly higher free energy, at high temperatures, the process is spontaneous and exergonic, making it a potentially viable material for use as fibers and engineering thermoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali F. Al-Shawabkeh
- Department of Scientific Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Amman 11134 Jordan
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2
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Ghosh S, Pradhan B, Lin W, Zhang Y, Leoncino L, Chabera P, Zheng K, Solano E, Hofkens J, Pullerits T. Slower Auger Recombination in 12-Faceted Dodecahedron CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1066-1072. [PMID: 36696665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, intensive research efforts have been devoted to suppressions of Auger recombination in metal-chalcogenide and perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) for the application of photovoltaics and light emitting devices (LEDs). Here, we have explored dodecahedron cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (DNCs), which show slower Auger recombination time compared to hexahedron nanocrystals (HNCs). We investigate many-body interactions that are manifested under high excitation flux density in both NCs using ultrafast spectroscopic pump-probe measurements. We demonstrate that the Auger recombination rate due to multiexciton recombinations are lower in DNCs than in HNCs. At low and intermediate excitation density, the majority of carriers recombine through biexcitonic recombination. However, at high excitation density (>1018 cm-3) a higher number of many-body Auger process dominates over biexcitonic recombination. Compared to HNCs, high PLQY and slower Auger recombinations in DNCs are likely to be significant for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite-based photonics and LEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100Lund, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Weihua Lin
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyue Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Luca Leoncino
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, Genova16163, Italy
| | - Pavel Chabera
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Kaibo Zheng
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Solano
- NCD-SWEET Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08290Spain
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001Heverlee, Belgium
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128Mainz, Germany
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100Lund, Sweden
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3
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Khanmohammadi Chenab K, Zamani Meymian MR, Mahmoudi Qashqay S. Charge Recombination Suppressing in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells by Tuning Dielectric Constant of Triphenylamine Dyes with Altering π-Bridge from Naphthalene to Anthracene Units. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19595-19608. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Charge recombination reactions (CRRs) are responsible for a major contribution of power conversion efficiency (PCE) loss in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). This study tracks the impact of the dielectric constant...
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4
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Lindh L, Gordivska O, Persson S, Michaels H, Fan H, Chábera P, Rosemann NW, Gupta AK, Benesperi I, Uhlig J, Prakash O, Sheibani E, Kjaer KS, Boschloo G, Yartsev A, Freitag M, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on Fe N-heterocyclic carbene photosensitizers with improved rod-like push-pull functionality. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16035-16053. [PMID: 35024126 PMCID: PMC8672732 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new generation of octahedral iron(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, employing different tridentate C^N^C ligands, has been designed and synthesized as earth-abundant photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and related solar energy conversion applications. This work introduces a linearly aligned push–pull design principle that reaches from the ligand having nitrogen-based electron donors, over the Fe(ii) centre, to the ligand having an electron withdrawing carboxylic acid anchor group. A combination of spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate the improved molecular excited state properties in terms of a broader absorption spectrum compared to the reference complex, as well as directional charge-transfer displacement of the lowest excited state towards the semiconductor substrate in accordance with the push–pull design. Prototype DSSCs based on one of the new Fe NHC photosensitizers demonstrate a power conversion efficiency exceeding 1% already for a basic DSSC set-up using only the I−/I3− redox mediator and standard operating conditions, outcompeting the corresponding DSSC based on the homoleptic reference complex. Transient photovoltage measurements confirmed that adding the co-sensitizer chenodeoxycholic acid helped in improving the efficiency by increasing the electron lifetime in TiO2. Time-resolved spectroscopy revealed spectral signatures for successful ultrafast (<100 fs) interfacial electron injection from the heteroleptic dyes to TiO2. However, an ultrafast recombination process results in undesirable fast charge recombination from TiO2 back to the oxidized dye, leaving only 5–10% of the initially excited dyes available to contribute to a current in the DSSC. On slower timescales, time-resolved spectroscopy also found that the recombination dynamics (longer than 40 μs) were significantly slower than the regeneration of the oxidized dye by the redox mediator (6–8 μs). Therefore it is the ultrafast recombination down to fs-timescales, between the oxidized dye and the injected electron, that remains as one of the main bottlenecks to be targeted for achieving further improved solar energy conversion efficiencies in future work. Iron-based photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells with a rod-like push–pull design. Solar cell performance was limited by ultrafast (sub-ps) recombination, but yielded better performance than the homoleptic parent photosensitizer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Lindh
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Olga Gordivska
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Samuel Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Hannes Michaels
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hao Fan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Nils W Rosemann
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Esmaeil Sheibani
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper S Kjaer
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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5
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Muñoz-García AB, Benesperi I, Boschloo G, Concepcion JJ, Delcamp JH, Gibson EA, Meyer GJ, Pavone M, Pettersson H, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12450-12550. [PMID: 34590638 PMCID: PMC8591630 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01336f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. In recent years, DSCs and dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) have experienced a renaissance as the best technology for several niche applications that take advantage of DSCs' unique combination of properties: at low cost, they are composed of non-toxic materials, are colorful, transparent, and very efficient in low light conditions. This review summarizes the advancements in the field over the last decade, encompassing all aspects of the DSC technology: theoretical studies, characterization techniques, materials, applications as solar cells and as drivers for the synthesis of solar fuels, and commercialization efforts from various companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belén Muñoz-García
- Department of Physics "Ettore Pancini", University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Javier J Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Jared H Delcamp
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Gibson
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
- University Management and Management Council, Vice Chancellor, Uppsala University, Segerstedthuset, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Bedson Building, NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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6
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Dučinskas A, Fish GC, Hope MA, Merten L, Moia D, Hinderhofer A, Carbone LC, Moser JE, Schreiber F, Maier J, Milić JV, Grätzel M. The Role of Alkyl Chain Length and Halide Counter Ion in Layered Dion-Jacobson Perovskites with Aromatic Spacers. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10325-10332. [PMID: 34662520 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites based on Dion-Jacobson phases are of interest to various optoelectronic applications. However, the understanding of their structure-property relationships remains limited. Here, we present a systematic study of Dion-Jacobson perovskites based on (S)PbX4 (n = 1) compositions incorporating phenylene-derived aromatic spacers (S) with different anchoring alkylammonium groups and halides (X = I, Br). We focus our study on 1,4-phenylenediammonium (PDA), 1,4-phenylenedimethylammonium (PDMA), and 1,4-phenylenediethylammonium (PDEA) spacers. Systems based on PDA did not form a well-defined layered structure, showing the formation of a 1D structure instead, whereas the extension of the alkyl chains to PDMA and PDEA rendered them compatible with the formation of a layered structure, as shown by X-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. In addition, the control of the spacer length affects optical properties and environmental stability, which is enhanced for longer alkyl chains and bromide compositions. This provides insights into their design for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Algirdas Dučinskas
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - George C Fish
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Hope
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Davide Moia
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Loï C Carbone
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-Edouard Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
| | - Joachim Maier
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Jovana V Milić
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, École Polytechnique Fédéralé de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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7
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Charge-carrier photogeneration and extraction dynamics of polymer solar cells probed by a transient photocurrent nearby the regime of the space charge-limited current. Front Chem Sci Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-1976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Nitha PR, Jayadev V, Pradhan SC, Divya VV, Suresh CH, John J, Soman S, Ajayaghosh A. Regulating Back Electron Transfer through Donor and π‐Spacer Alterations in Benzothieno[3,2‐b]indole‐based Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3503-3512. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. R Nitha
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - V. Jayadev
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Sourava C. Pradhan
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Velayudhan V. Divya
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Cherumuttathu H. Suresh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Jubi John
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Suraj Soman
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
| | - Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Chemical Sciences and Technology Division CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST) Thiruvananthapuram 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad 201002 India
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9
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Mogensen J, Michaels H, Roy R, Broløs L, Kilde MD, Freitag M, Nielsen MB. Indenofluorene‐Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Scaffolds for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josefine Mogensen
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Hannes Michaels
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University P.O. Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Rajarshi Roy
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University P.O. Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Line Broløs
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Martin Drøhse Kilde
- Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University P.O. Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Bedson Building Newcastle University NE1 7RY Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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10
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Hu K, Sampaio RN, Schneider J, Troian-Gautier L, Meyer GJ. Perspectives on Dye Sensitization of Nanocrystalline Mesoporous Thin Films. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16099-16116. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Jenny Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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11
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Harmer R, Fan H, Lloyd K, Doble S, Avenoso J, Yan H, Rego LGC, Gundlach L, Galoppini E. Synthesis and Properties of Perylene-Bridge-Anchor Chromophoric Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6330-6343. [PMID: 32654486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quest to control chromophore/semiconductor properties to enable new technologies in energy and information science requires detailed understanding of charge carrier dynamics at the atomistic level, which can often be attained through the use of model systems. Perylene-bridge-anchor compounds are successful models for studying fundamental charge transfer processes on TiO2, which remains among the most commonly investigated and technologically important interfaces, mostly because of perylene's advantageous electronic and optical properties. Nonetheless, the ability to fully exploit synthetically the substitution pattern of perylene with linker (= bridge-anchor) units remains little explored. Here we developed 2,5-di-tert-butylperylene (DtBuPe)-bridge-anchor compounds with t-Bu group substituents to prevent π-stacking and one or two linker units in both the peri and ortho positions, by employing a combination of Friedel-Crafts alkylations, bromination, iridium-catalyzed borylation, and palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Photophysical characterization and computational analysis by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) were carried out on four DtBuPe acrylic acid derivatives with a single or a double linker in peri (12b), ortho (15b), peri,peri (18b), and ortho,ortho (21b). The energies of the unoccupied orbitals {LUMO, LUMO + 1, LUMO + 2} are strongly affected by the presence of a π-conjugated linker, resulting in a stabilization of these states and a red shift of their absorption and emission spectra, as well as the loss of vibronic structure in the spectrum of the peri,peri compound, consistent with the strong bonding character of this substitution pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Harmer
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Hao Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Katherine Lloyd
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Samantha Doble
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joseph Avenoso
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Han Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Luis G C Rego
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, South Carolina 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lars Gundlach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Elena Galoppini
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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12
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Zheng L, Migliore A, Beratan DN. Electrostatic Field-Induced Oscillator Strength Focusing in Molecules. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6376-6388. [PMID: 32600048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c04783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of light-harvesting devices based on molecular materials depends critically on the ability to focus the electronic oscillator strength of molecules into the UV-vis spectral window. Typical molecular chromophores have only about 1% of their total electronic oscillator strength in this spectral region and thus perform at a small fraction of their possible effectiveness. This theoretical study finds that the electronic oscillator strength of polyenes in the UV-vis region may be enhanced by 1 order of magnitude using electrostatic fields, motivating specific experimental studies of oscillator strength focusing. We find scaling relationships between the polyene length, the intensity of the applied field, and the field-induced increase in oscillator strength that are useful for the implementation of light-harvesting strategies based on polyenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Agostino Migliore
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
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13
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DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, James EM, Barr TJ, Bennett MT, Meyer GJ. Efficiency Considerations for SnO 2-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23923-23930. [PMID: 32356647 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c04117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A comparative study of mesoporous thin films based on SnO2 (rutile) and TiO2 (anatase) nanocrystallites sensitized to visible light with [Ru(dtb)2(dcb)](PF6)2, where dtb = 4,4'-(tert-butyl)2-2,2'-bipyridine and dcb = 4,4'-(CO2H)2-2,2'-bipyridine, in CH3CN electrolyte solutions is reported to identify the reason(s) for the low efficiency of SnO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Pulsed laser excitation resulted in rapid excited state injection (kinj > 108 s-1) followed by sensitizer regeneration through iodide oxidation to yield an interfacial charge separated state abbreviated as MO2(e-)|Ru + I3-. Spectral features associated with I3- and the injected electron MO2(e-) were observed as well as a hypsochromic shift of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer absorption of the sensitizer attributed to an electric field. The field magnitude ranged from 0.008 to 0.39 MV/cm and was dependent on the electrolyte cation (Mg2+ or Li+) as well as the oxide material. Average MO2(e-) + I3- → recombination rate constants quantified spectroscopically were about 25 times smaller for SnO2 (6.0 ± 0.14 s-1) than for TiO2 (160 ± 10 s-1). Transient photovoltage measurements of operational DSSCs indicated a 78 ms lifetime for electrons injected into SnO2 compared to 27 ms for TiO2; behavior that is at odds with the view that recombination with I3- underlies the low efficiencies of nanocrystalline SnO2-based DSSCs. In contrast, the average rate constant for charge recombination with the oxidized sensitizer, MO2(e-)|-S+ → MO2|-S, was about 2 orders of magnitude larger for SnO2 (k = 9.8 × 104 s-1) than for TiO2 (k = 1.6 × 103 s-1). Sensitizer regeneration through iodide oxidation were similar for both oxide materials (kreg = 6 ± 1 × 1010 M-1 s-1). The data indicate that enhanced efficiency from SnO2-based DSSCs can be achieved by identifying alternative redox mediators that enable rapid sensitizer regeneration and by inhibiting recombination of the injected electron with the oxidized sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Erica M James
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Timothy J Barr
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Marc T Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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14
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Maurer AB, Meyer GJ. Stark Spectroscopic Evidence that a Spin Change Accompanies Light Absorption in Transition Metal Polypyridyl Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6847-6851. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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15
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Ghosh S, Shi Q, Pradhan B, Mushtaq A, Acharya S, Karki KJ, Pullerits T, Pal SK. Light-Induced Defect Healing and Strong Many-Body Interactions in Formamidinium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1239-1246. [PMID: 31977225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic lead halide perovskite (OLHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have paved the way to advanced optoelectronic devices through their extraordinary electrical and optical properties. However, understanding of the light-induced complex dynamic phenomena in OLHP NCs remains a subject of debate. Here we used wide field microscopy and time-resolved spectroscopy to correlate the local changes in photophysics and the dynamical behavior of photocarriers. We demonstrate that light-induced brightening of the photoluminescence from the formamidinium lead bromide NC films is related to the film preparation condition and reduction of trap density. The density of trap states is reduced via halide ion migration from interstitial position. Our femtosecond transient absorption study identifies transient Stark effect due to the generation of hot carriers. Because of slow carrier trapping, Auger recombination through many-body carrier-carrier interactions dominates over trion recombination. This work presents unprecedented insights into the light-driven processes enabling better device design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Ghosh
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, 175005 Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Qi Shi
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Bapi Pradhan
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Aamir Mushtaq
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, 175005 Himachal Pradesh , India
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata , 700032 West Bengal , India
| | - Khadga J Karki
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- The Division of Chemical Physics and NanoLund , Lund University , Box 124, 22100 Lund , Sweden
| | - Suman Kalyan Pal
- School of Basic Sciences and Advanced Material Research Center , Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Kamand, 175005 Himachal Pradesh , India
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16
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Katal R, Davood Abadi Farahani MH, Jiangyong H. Degradation of acetaminophen in a photocatalytic (batch and continuous system) and photoelectrocatalytic process by application of faceted-TiO2. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Sampaio RN, Li G, Meyer GJ. Flipping Molecules over on TiO 2 Surfaces with Light and Electric Fields. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13898-13904. [PMID: 31364845 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Light excitation of the sensitizer [Ru(NH3)5(eina)](PF6)2, where eina is ethyl isonicotinate, anchored to anatase TiO2 nanocrystallites interconnected in a mesoporous thin film and immersed in CH3CN resulted in spectroscopic changes consistent with both excited-state injection and sensitizer reorientation, termed flipping. When the light irradiation was removed, the sensitizers flipped back over. Such flipping was absent when the carboxylic acid derivative of the sensitizer was utilized or when SnO2/TiO2 core/shell materials were employed in place of TiO2. The flipping was attributed to the torque on the sensitizer in the electric field generated by the injected electrons. Pulsed light excitation was utilized to time-resolve flipping and charge recombination with this and the per-deuterated complex (ND3)5RuII(eina)|TiO2. In all cases, charge recombination was more rapid when the oxidized sensitizer was flipped over, behavior consistent with stronger electronic coupling. Kinetic isotope effects of 26.7 and 0.12 were determined for charge recombination and for flipping, respectively. Spectro-electrochemical measurements showed that thermal reduction of TiO2 with an applied potential also initiated flipping yet required much larger field strengths. The data show that the electric fields created at illuminated semiconductor interfaces are sufficient to reorientate molecules anchored to its surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Guocan Li
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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18
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Ruess R, Scarabino S, Ringleb A, Nonomura K, Vlachopoulos N, Hagfeldt A, Wittstock G, Schlettwein D. Diverging surface reactions at TiO2- or ZnO-based photoanodes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13047-13057. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01215j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface reactions of electrolyte additives and consequences for cell properties are studied and assigned to characteristics specific for both semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffael Ruess
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Materials Research
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
- D-35392 Giessen
- Germany
| | - Sabina Scarabino
- Chemistry Department
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- D-26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Ringleb
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Materials Research
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
- D-35392 Giessen
- Germany
| | - Kazuteru Nonomura
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Nick Vlachopoulos
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
- CH-1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Chemistry Department
- Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg
- D-26111 Oldenburg
- Germany
| | - Derck Schlettwein
- Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Materials Research
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen
- D-35392 Giessen
- Germany
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19
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Liu P, Wang L, Karlsson KM, Hao Y, Gao J, Xu B, Boschloo G, Sun L, Kloo L. Molecular Engineering of D-π-A Type of Blue-Colored Dyes for Highly Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through Co-Sensitization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35946-35952. [PMID: 30260625 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel blue-colored organic donor-π-acceptor sensitizer, the so-called MKA16 dye, has been employed to construct solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). Using 2,2',7-,7'-tetrakis( N, N-di- p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9'-spirobifuorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole-transport material, a good conversion efficiency of 5.8% was recorded for cells based on the MKA16 dye and a high photovoltage of 840 mV in comparison with 5.6% efficiency using the known (Dyenamo Blue) dye. By co-sensitization using the orange-colored D35 dye and MKA16 together, the solid-state solar cells showed an excellent efficiency of 7.5%, with a high photocurrent of 12.41 mA cm-2 and open-circuit voltage of 850 mV. The results show that the photocurrent of ssDSSCs can be significantly improved by co-sensitization mainly attributed to the wider light absorption range contributing to the photocurrent. In addition, results from photo-induced absorption spectroscopy show that the dye regeneration is efficient in co-sensitized solar cells. The current results possible routes of improving the design of aesthetic and highly efficient ssDSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Hao
- Department of Chemistry Ångstrom Laboratory, Physical Chemistry , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | | | | | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry Ångstrom Laboratory, Physical Chemistry , Uppsala University , Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices , Dalian University of Technology , 116024 Dalian , China
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20
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Barrera M, Ardo S, Crivelli I, Loeb B, Meyer G. The role of lithium cations on the photochemistry of ruthenium complexes in dye-sensitized solar cells: A TDDFT study with the BCL model. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Electric field effect on multi-anchoring molecular architectures: Electron transfer process and opto-electronic property. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.03.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Copper Complexes with Tetradentate Ligands for Enhanced Charge Transport in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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23
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Troian-Gautier L, DiMarco BN, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Meyer GJ. Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:3019-3029. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Brian N. DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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24
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DiMarco BN, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Meyer GJ. Dye-sensitized electron transfer from TiO 2 to oxidized triphenylamines that follows first-order kinetics. Chem Sci 2018; 9:940-949. [PMID: 29629161 PMCID: PMC5874694 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03839a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two sensitizers, [Ru(bpy)2(dcb)]2+ (RuC) and [Ru(bpy)2(dpb)]2+ (RuP), where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine, dcb is 4,4'-dicarboxylic acid-2,2'-bipyridine and dpb is 4,4'-diphosphonic acid-2,2'-bipyridine, were anchored to mesoporous TiO2 thin films and utilized to sensitize the reaction of TiO2 electrons with oxidized triphenylamines, TiO2(e-) + TPA+ → TiO2 + TPA, to visible light in CH3CN electrolytes. A family of four symmetrically substituted triphenylamines (TPAs) with formal Eo(TPA+/0) reduction potentials that spanned a 0.5 eV range was investigated. Surprisingly, the reaction followed first-order kinetics for two TPAs that provided the largest thermodynamic driving force. Such first-order reactivity indicates a strong Coulombic interaction between TPA+ and TiO2 that enables the injected electron to tunnel back in one concerted step. The kinetics for the other TPA derivatives were non-exponential and were modelled with the Kohlrausch-William-Watts (KWW) function. A Perrin-like reaction sphere model is proposed to rationalize the kinetic data. The activation energies were the same for all of the TPAs, within experimental error. The average rate constants were found to increase with the thermodynamic driving force, consistent with electron transfer in the Marcus normal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian N DiMarco
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , USA .
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25
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Chen HY, Ardo S. Direct observation of sequential oxidations of a titania-bound molecular proxy catalyst generated through illumination of molecular sensitizers. Nat Chem 2017; 10:17-23. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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26
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Liu P, Sharmoukh W, Xu B, Li YY, Boschloo G, Sun L, Kloo L. Novel and Stable D-A-π-A Dyes for Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1812-1819. [PMID: 31457545 PMCID: PMC6640992 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two novel organic donor-acceptor-π-acceptor sensitizers, W7 and W8, have been applied in efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (ssDSSCs). Using 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine) 9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) as hole-transport material (HTM), an excellent power conversion efficiency of 6.9% was recorded for W7, together with an excellent photocurrent of 10.51 mA cm-2 and a high open-circuit voltage of 880 mV under standard AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm-2). The solid-state solar cells based on W8 showed an efficiency of 5.2%, with a good photocurrent of 9.55 mA cm-2 and an open-circuit voltage of 870 mV. Compared to that of the well-known WS2 sensitizer, the results show that the performance of the ssDSSC devices can be significantly improved by introducing triphenylamine moiety into their structure. In addition, results of photoinduced absorption spectroscopy show efficient dye regeneration for W7- and W8-based devices. A higher hole conductivity of the W7/HTM and W8/HTM layers compared to that of the WS2/HTM layer was observed, indicating an efficient charge transfer at the interfaces. The results obtained offer insights into the design of reliable and highly efficient ssDSSCs for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walid Sharmoukh
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
- Inorganic
Chemistry Department, National Research
Centre, Tahrir Street, Dokki, 12622 Giza, Egypt
| | - Bo Xu
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yuan Yuan Li
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department
of Chemistry, Ångstrom Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O.
Box 523, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Kloo
- Applied
Physical Chemistry, Center of Molecular Devices, Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Organic Chemistry,
Center of Molecular Devices, Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical
Science and Engineering, and Department of Fiber and Polymer Technology,
Wallenberg Wood Science Center, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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27
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Pazoki M, Jacobsson TJ, Kullgren J, Johansson EMJ, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Edvinsson T. Photoinduced Stark Effects and Mechanism of Ion Displacement in Perovskite Solar Cell Materials. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2823-2834. [PMID: 28240871 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic halide perovskites (OMHPs) have recently emerged as a promising class of materials in photovoltaic technology. Here, we present an in-depth investigation of the physics in these systems by measuring the photoinduced absorption (PIA) in OMHPs as a function of materials composition, excitation wavelength, and modulation frequency. We report a photoinduced Stark effect that depends on the excitation wavelength and on the dipole strength of the monovalent cations in the A position of the ABX3 perovskite. The results presented are corroborated by density functional theory calculations and provide fundamental information about the photoinduced local electric field change under blue and red excitation as well as insights into the mechanism of light-induced ion displacement in OMHPs. For optimized perovskite solar cell devices beyond 19% efficiency, we show that excess thermalization energy of blue photons plays a role in overcoming the activation energy for ion diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Pazoki
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University , Box 538, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Jesper Jacobsson
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jolla Kullgren
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Structural Chemistry, Uppsala University , Box 538, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Erik M J Johansson
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Uppsala University , Box 523, SE 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomas Edvinsson
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Solid State Physics, Uppsala University , Box 534, SE 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Scholz M, Flender O, Boschloo G, Oum K, Lenzer T. Ultrafast electron and hole transfer dynamics of a solar cell dye containing hole acceptors on mesoporous TiO 2 and Al 2O 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7158-7166. [PMID: 28230867 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08609h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The stability of dye cations against recombination with conduction band electrons in mesoporous TiO2 electrodes is a key property for improving light harvesting in dye-sensitised solar cells. Using ultrafast transient broadband absorption spectroscopy, we monitor efficient intramolecular hole transfer in the solar cell dye E6 having two peripheral triarylamine acceptors. After photoexcitation, two hole transfer mechanisms are identified: a concerted mechanism for electron injection and hole transfer (2.4 ps) and a sequential mechanism with time constants of 3.9 ps and 30 ps. This way the dye retards unwanted recombination with a TiO2 conduction band electron by quickly moving the hole further away from the surface. Contact of the E6/TiO2 surface with the solvent acetonitrile has almost no influence on the electron injection and hole transfer kinetics. Fast hole transfer (2.8 ps) is also observed on a "non-injecting" Al2O3 surface generating a radical cation-radical anion species with a lifetime of 530 ps. The findings confirm the good intramolecular hole transfer properties of this dye on both thin films. In contrast, intramolecular hole transfer does not occur in the mid-polar organic solvent methyl acetate. This is confirmed by TDDFT calculations suggesting a polarity-induced reduction of the driving force for hole transfer. In methyl acetate, only the relaxation of the initially photoexcited core chromophore is observed including solvent relaxation processes of the electronically excited state S1/ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Oliver Flender
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Center of Molecular Devices, Uppsala University, Box 523 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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29
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Mazza MMA, Yamazaki S, Mai DX, Padgaonkar S, Peurifoy S, Goncalves A, Wu YL, Hu Q, Scott AM. Photoinduced charge recombination in dipolar D-A-A photonic liquid crystal polymorphs. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4588-4596. [PMID: 28124694 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A hexylalkoxy dipolar D-A-A molecule [7-(4-N,N-(bis(4-hexyloxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-2,1,3-(benzothia-diazol-4-yl)methylene]propane-dinitrile, (C6-TPA-BT-CN) has been synthesized and the photophysics studied via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (FsTA) in toluene and in amorphous and liquid crystalline spherulite thin films. Two spherulite macromolecular crystalline phases (banded, and non-banded) were observed through concentration dependent, solution processing techniques and are birefringent with a negative sign of elongation. A dramatic change in the electronic absorption from blue in amorphous films to green in spherulites was observed, and the molecular orientation was determined through the combined analysis of polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. FsTA was performed on amorphous films and show complex charge recombination dynamics, and a Stark effect, characterized from the combined TPA+˙ and [BT-CN]-˙ spectroscopic signatures at 450 nm and 510 nm and identified through spectroelectrochemistry. Radical cation dynamics of TPA+˙ was observed selectively at 750 nm with >503.3 ps (18%) recombination kinetics resulting in a rather significant yield of free charge carriers in amorphous films and consistent with previous reports on energetically disordered blend films. However, photoexcitation on large, non-banded spherulites areas (>250 μm) reveal average monoexponential charge recombination lifetimes of 169.2 ps from delocalized states similar to those observed in amorphous films and are 5× longer-lived than previous reports [Chang et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013, 135, 8790] of a related methyl-DPAT-BT-CN whose amorphous thin films were prepared through vapor deposition. Thus, the correlation between the microstructure of the blend film and the photoinduced radical pair dynamics described here is critical for developing a fundamental understanding of how dipolar states contribute to the charge carrier yield in a disordered energy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes M A Mazza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Shiori Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Dieu X Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Suyog Padgaonkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Samuel Peurifoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ariane Goncalves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Qiaoyu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Amy M Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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30
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Summers GH, Lowe G, Lefebvre J, Ngwerume S, Bräutigam M, Dietzek B, Camp JE, Gibson EA. Resonance Raman Study of New Pyrrole‐Anchoring Dyes for NiO‐Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:406-414. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth H. Summers
- School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Chemistry Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
| | - Grace Lowe
- School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | | | - Simbarashe Ngwerume
- School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Maximilian Bräutigam
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT) Jena e. V. Albert-Einstein-Str. 9 07745 Jena Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Jason E. Camp
- School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Huddersfield Queensgate Huddersfield HD1 3DH UK
| | - Elizabeth A. Gibson
- School of Chemistry The University of Nottingham University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Chemistry Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU UK
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31
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Wang P, Sinev I, Sun F, Li H, Wang D, Li Q, Wang X, Marschall R, Wark M. Rational fabrication of a graphitic-C3N4/Sr2KNb5O15 nanorod composite with enhanced visible-light photoactivity for degradation of methylene blue and hydrogen production. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07441g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of proper interfaces between g-C3N4 and Sr2KNb5O15 by direct growth approach greatly enhanced the photodegradation and hydrogen production activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry
| | - Ilya Sinev
- Department of Physics
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
| | - Feng Sun
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Huijun Li
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Materials Genome Institute
- Shanghai University
- 200444 Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - XianYing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Technology
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai
- P. R. China
| | - Roland Marschall
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry
| | - Michael Wark
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry
- Ruhr-University Bochum
- 44801 Bochum
- Germany
- Institute for Chemistry
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32
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A small electron donor in cobalt complex electrolyte significantly improves efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13934. [PMID: 28000672 PMCID: PMC5187592 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical approach to solar energy conversion demands a kinetic optimization of various light-induced electron transfer processes. Of great importance are the redox mediator systems accomplishing the electron transfer processes at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, therefore affecting profoundly the performance of various photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we develop a strategy—by addition of a small organic electron donor, tris(4-methoxyphenyl)amine, into state-of-art cobalt tris(bipyridine) redox electrolyte—to significantly improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells. The developed solar cells exhibit efficiency of 11.7 and 10.5%, at 0.46 and one-sun illumination, respectively, corresponding to a 26% efficiency improvement compared with the standard electrolyte. Preliminary stability tests showed the solar cell retained 90% of its initial efficiency after 250 h continuous one-sun light soaking. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal the crucial role of the electron transfer cascade processes within the new redox system.
The electrolyte is an important component of dye-sensitized solar cells. Here, Hao et al. use an electron donor additive in the cobalt-based electrolyte, which speeds up the dye regeneration and slows down recombinations. The resulting devices are stable and more efficient than those without additive.
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33
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Freitag M, Yang W, Fredin LA, D’Amario L, Karlsson KM, Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G. Supramolecular Hemicage Cobalt Mediators for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:3845-3852. [PMID: 27662628 PMCID: PMC5305181 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new class of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using the hemicage cobalt-based mediator [Co(ttb)]2+/3+ with the highly preorganized hexadentate ligand 5,5'',5''''-((2,4,6-triethyl benzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(ethane-2,1-diyl))tri-2,2'-bipyridine (ttb) has been fully investigated. The performances of DSSCs sensitized with organic D-π-A dyes utilizing either [Co(ttb)]2+/3+ or the conventional [Co(bpy)3 ]2+/3+ (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) redox mediator are comparable under 1000 W m-2 AM 1.5 G illumination. However, the hemicage complexes exhibit exceptional stability under thermal and light stress. In particular, a 120-hour continuous light illumination stability test for DSSCs using [Co(ttb)]2+/3+ resulted in a 10 % increase in the performance, whereas a 40 % decrease in performance was found for [Co(bpy)3 ]2+/3+ electrolyte-based DSSCs under the same conditions. These results demonstrate the great promise of [Co(ttb)]2+/3+ complexes as redox mediators for efficient, cost-effective, large-scale DSSC devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Wenxing Yang
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lisa A. Fredin
- Chemical Informatics Research Group, Chemical Science Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8320, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899-8320, USA
| | - Luca D’Amario
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K. Martin Karlsson
- Center of Molecular Devices, Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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34
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Saygili Y, Söderberg M, Pellet N, Giordano F, Cao Y, Muñoz-García AB, Zakeeruddin SM, Vlachopoulos N, Pavone M, Boschloo G, Kavan L, Moser JE, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A, Freitag M. Copper Bipyridyl Redox Mediators for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with High Photovoltage. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15087-15096. [PMID: 27749064 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox mediators play a major role determining the photocurrent and the photovoltage in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). To maintain the photocurrent, the reduction of oxidized dye by the redox mediator should be significantly faster than the electron back transfer between TiO2 and the oxidized dye. The driving force for dye regeneration with the redox mediator should be sufficiently low to provide high photovoltages. With the introduction of our new copper complexes as promising redox mediators in DSCs both criteria are satisfied to enhance power conversion efficiencies. In this study, two copper bipyridyl complexes, Cu(II/I)(dmby)2TFSI2/1 (0.97 V vs SHE, dmby = 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and Cu(II/I)(tmby)2TFSI2/1 (0.87 V vs SHE, tmby = 4,4',6,6'-tetramethyl-2,2'-bipyridine), are presented as new redox couples for DSCs. They are compared to previously reported Cu(II/I)(dmp)2TFSI2/1 (0.93 V vs SHE, dmp = bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline). Due to the small reorganization energy between Cu(I) and Cu(II) species, these copper complexes can sufficiently regenerate the oxidized dye molecules with close to unity yield at driving force potentials as low as 0.1 V. The high photovoltages of over 1.0 V were achieved by the series of copper complex based redox mediators without compromising photocurrent densities. Despite the small driving forces for dye regeneration, fast and efficient dye regeneration (2-3 μs) was observed for both complexes. As another advantage, the electron back transfer (recombination) rates were slower with Cu(II/I)(tmby)2TFSI2/1 as evidenced by longer lifetimes. The solar-to-electrical power conversion efficiencies for [Cu(tmby)2]2+/1+, [Cu(dmby)2]2+/1+, and [Cu(dmp)2]2+/1+ based electrolytes were 10.3%, 10.0%, and 10.3%, respectively, using the organic Y123 dye under 1000 W m-2 AM1.5G illumination. The high photovoltaic performance of Cu-based redox mediators underlines the significant potential of the new redox mediators and points to a new research and development direction for DSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michele Pavone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II , 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ladislav Kavan
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry , 1823 Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University , 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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35
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Flender O, Scholz M, Klein JR, Oum K, Lenzer T. Excited-state relaxation of the solar cell dye D49 in organic solvents and on mesoporous Al 2O 3 and TiO 2 thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26010-26019. [PMID: 27711569 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05167g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present an ultrafast UV-Vis-NIR transient absorption study of the donor-acceptor solar-cell dye D49 in diisopropyl ether, THF and acetonitrile, as well as on mesoporous Al2O3 and TiO2 thin films. Photoexcitation at 505 nm initially populates the first electronically excited state of the dye having significant intramolecular charge transfer character ("S1/ICT"). On Al2O3 and in the three organic solvents, the dynamics are fully explained in terms of S1/ICT stabilisation (by reorientation of adjacent solvent or D49 molecules and collisional cooling), intramolecular vibrational redistribution and S1/ICT → S0 electronic decay. A substantial decrease of the S1/ICT lifetime is observed with increasing polarity of the surrounding medium suggesting an acceleration of internal conversion. In agreement with these results, the addition of the nonpolar co-adsorbent deoxycholic acid (DCA) to the Al2O3 surface leads to a substantial increase of the S1/ICT lifetime. DCA spacers reduce the local polarity around the dye molecules, thus interrupting D49 "self-solvation". These results are in contrast to a recent experimental study for the indoline dye D131 on Al2O3, where charge transfer from electronically excited D131 to adjacent dye molecules was proposed (Cappel et al., Sci. Rep., 2016, 6, 21276). We do not see evidence for charge transfer processes between D49 molecules and also not for electron injection from D49 into Al2O3 trap states. Charge separation is only observed for D49 bound to TiO2 thin films, with efficient injection of electrons into the conduction band of the semiconductor via formation of a [D49˙+e-] complex and a transient Stark effect signalling the formation of mobile electrons upon dissociation of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Flender
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Mirko Scholz
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Johannes R Klein
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Kawon Oum
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Lenzer
- Universität Siegen, Physikalische Chemie, Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany.
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36
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Sobuś J, Gierczyk B, Burdziński G, Jancelewicz M, Polanski E, Hagfeldt A, Ziółek M. Factors Affecting the Performance of Champion Silyl-Anchor Carbazole Dye Revealed in the Femtosecond to Second Studies of Complete ADEKA-1 Sensitized Solar Cells. Chemistry 2016; 22:15807-15818. [PMID: 27633315 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Record laboratory efficiencies of dye-sensitized solar cells have been recently reported using an alkoxysilyl-anchor dye, ADEKA-1 (over 14 %). In this work we use time-resolved techniques to study the impact of key preparation factors (dye synthesis route, addition of co-adsorbent, use of cobalt-based electrolytes of different redox potential, creation of insulating Al2 O3 layers and molecule capping passivation of the electrode) on the partial charge separation efficiencies in ADEKA-1 solar cells. We have observed that unwanted fast recombination of electrons from titania to the dye, probably associated with the orientation of the dyes on the titania surface, plays a crucial role in the performance of the cells. This recombination, taking place on the sub-ns and ns time scales, is suppressed in the optimized dye synthesis methods and upon addition of the co-adsorbent. Capping treatment significantly reduces the charge recombination between titania and electrolyte, improving the electron lifetime from tens of ms to hundreds of ms, or even to single seconds. Similar increase in electron lifetime is observed for homogenous Al2 O3 over-layers on titania nanoparticles, however, in this case the total solar cells photocurrent is decreased due to smaller electron injection yield from the dye. Our studies should be important for a broader use of very promising silyl-anchor dyes and the further optimization and development of dye-sensitized solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sobuś
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.,Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Gotard Burdziński
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jancelewicz
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Enrico Polanski
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Tor Vergata-Rome, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Ziółek
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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37
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Zhang L, Boschloo G, Hammarström L, Tian H. Solid state p-type dye-sensitized solar cells: concept, experiment and mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:5080-5. [PMID: 26478116 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Solid state p-type dye-sensitized solar cells (p-ssDSCs) have been proposed and fabricated for the first time, using the organic dye P1 as the sensitizer on mesoporous NiO and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron conductor. The p-ssDSC has shown an impressive open circuit photovoltage of 620 mV. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy has given evidence for sub-ps hole injection from the excited P1 to NiO, followed by electron transfer from P1˙(-) to PCBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 523, Uppsala SE 75120, Sweden.
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 523, Uppsala SE 75120, Sweden.
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 523, Uppsala SE 75120, Sweden.
| | - Haining Tian
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, BOX 523, Uppsala SE 75120, Sweden.
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38
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Pydzińska K, Karolczak J, Kosta I, Tena-Zaera R, Todinova A, Idígoras J, Anta JA, Ziółek M. Determination of Interfacial Charge-Transfer Rate Constants in Perovskite Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:1647-1659. [PMID: 27253726 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple protocol to study the dynamics of charge transfer to selective contacts in perovskite solar cells, based on time-resolved laser spectroscopy studies, in which the effect of bimolecular electron-hole recombination has been eliminated, is proposed. Through the proposed procedure, the interfacial charge-transfer rate constants from methylammonium lead iodide perovskite to different contact materials can be determined. Hole transfer is faster for CuSCN (rate constant 0.20 ns(-1) ) than that for 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD; 0.06 ns(-1) ), and electron transfer is faster for mesoporous (0.11 ns(-1) ) than that for compact (0.02 ns(-1) ) TiO2 layers. Despite more rapid charge separation, the photovoltaic performance of CuSCN cells is worse than that of spiro-OMeTAD cells; this is explained by faster charge recombination in CuSCN cells, as revealed by impedance spectroscopy. The proposed direction of studies should be one of the key strategies to explore efficient hole-selective contacts as an alternative to spiro-OMeTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Pydzińska
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Karolczak
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Ultrafast Laser Spectroscopy, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ivet Kosta
- Materials Division, IK4-CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain
| | - Ramon Tena-Zaera
- Materials Division, IK4-CIDETEC, Parque Tecnológico de San Sebastián, Paseo Miramón, 196, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20009, Spain
| | - Anna Todinova
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jesus Idígoras
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Anta
- Nanostructured Solar Cells Group, Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Ctra. Utrera, km 1, ES-41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Marcin Ziółek
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
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39
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Pattengale B, Yang S, Ludwig J, Huang Z, Zhang X, Huang J. Exceptionally Long-Lived Charge Separated State in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework: Implication for Photocatalytic Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:8072-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b04615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Pattengale
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Sizhuo Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - John Ludwig
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Zhuangqun Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60349, United States
| | - Jier Huang
- Department
of Chemistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, United States
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40
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Bolag A, Sakai N, Matile S. Dipolar Photosystems: Engineering Oriented Push-Pull Components into Double- and Triple-Channel Surface Architectures. Chemistry 2016; 22:9006-14. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Altan Bolag
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory for Physics and Chemistry of Functional Materials; Inner Mongolia Normal University; Hohhot P. R. China
| | - Naomi Sakai
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
| | - Stefan Matile
- Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Geneva; Geneva Switzerland
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41
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Ghadiri E, Zakeeruddin SM, Hagfeldt A, Grätzel M, Moser JE. Ultrafast charge separation dynamics in opaque, operational dye-sensitized solar cells revealed by femtosecond diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24465. [PMID: 27095505 PMCID: PMC4837338 DOI: 10.1038/srep24465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient dye-sensitized solar cells are based on highly diffusive mesoscopic layers that render these devices opaque and unsuitable for ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements in transmission mode. We developed a novel sub-200 femtosecond time-resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy scheme combined with potentiostatic control to study various solar cells in fully operational condition. We studied performance optimized devices based on liquid redox electrolytes and opaque TiO2 films, as well as other morphologies, such as TiO2 fibers and nanotubes. Charge injection from the Z907 dye in all TiO2 morphologies was observed to take place in the sub-200 fs time scale. The kinetics of electron-hole back recombination has features in the picosecond to nanosecond time scale. This observation is significantly different from what was reported in the literature where the electron-hole back recombination for transparent films of small particles is generally accepted to occur on a longer time scale of microseconds. The kinetics of the ultrafast electron injection remained unchanged for voltages between +500 mV and –690 mV, where the injection yield eventually drops steeply. The primary charge separation in Y123 organic dye based devices was clearly slower occurring in two picoseconds and no kinetic component on the shorter femtosecond time scale was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ghadiri
- Photochemical Dynamics Group , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik M Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques-E Moser
- Photochemical Dynamics Group , Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Zheng L, Polizzi NF, Dave AR, Migliore A, Beratan DN. Where Is the Electronic Oscillator Strength? Mapping Oscillator Strength across Molecular Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1933-43. [PMID: 26950828 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of solar energy capture and conversion materials derives from their ability to absorb light and to transform the excitation energy into energy stored in free carriers or chemical bonds. The Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn (TRK) sum rule mandates that the integrated (electronic) oscillator strength of an absorber equals the total number of electrons in the structure. Typical molecular chromophores place only about 1% of their oscillator strength in the UV-vis window, so individual chromophores operate at about 1% of their theoretical limit. We explore the distribution of oscillator strength as a function of excitation energy to understand this circumstance. To this aim, we use familiar independent-electron model Hamiltonians as well as first-principles electronic structure methods. While model Hamiltonians capture the qualitative electronic spectra associated with π electron chromophores, these Hamiltonians mistakenly focus the oscillator strength in the fewest low-energy transitions. Advanced electronic structure methods, in contrast, spread the oscillator strength over a very wide excitation energy range, including transitions to Rydberg and continuum states, consistent with experiment. Our analysis rationalizes the low oscillator strength in the UV-vis spectral region in molecules, a step toward the goal of oscillator strength manipulation and focusing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas F Polizzi
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Adarsh R Dave
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Agostino Migliore
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Chemistry, ‡Department of Biochemistry, and §Department of Physics, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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Martín C, Ziółek M, Douhal A. Ultrafast and fast charge separation processes in real dye-sensitized solar cells. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Cappel UB, Moia D, Bruno A, Vaissier V, Haque SA, Barnes PRF. Evidence for photo-induced charge separation between dye molecules adsorbed to aluminium oxide surfaces. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21276. [PMID: 26891851 PMCID: PMC4759562 DOI: 10.1038/srep21276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Excited state dynamics and photo-induced charge transfer of dye molecules have been widely studied due to their relevance for organic and dye-sensitised solar cells. Herein, we present a femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy study of the indolene dye D131 when adsorbed to inert Al2O3 substrates for different surface concentration of the dye. Surprisingly, we find that at high surface concentrations, the first singlet excited state of the dye is converted into a new state with an efficiency of about 80%. We assign the absorption features of this state to the oxidised dye and discuss the possibility of photo-induced charge separation between neighboring dye molecules. Our study is the first to show that this process can be highly efficient without the use of donor and acceptor molecules of different chemical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute B. Cappel
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Davide Moia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Portici (Naples), Italy
| | - Valerie Vaissier
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Saif A. Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Sevinc PC, Dhital B, Govind Rao V, Wang Y, Lu HP. Probing Electric Field Effect on Covalent Interactions at a Molecule–Semiconductor Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1536-42. [PMID: 26735967 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papatya C. Sevinc
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Bharat Dhital
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Vishal Govind Rao
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Yuanmin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - H. Peter Lu
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling
Green, Ohio 43403, United States
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Stark effects in D35-sensitized mesoporous TiO 2 : influence of dye coverage and electrolyte composition. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Namekawa A, Katoh R. Improvement of light-harvesting and electron injection efficiencies by lithium ion in D149-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO2 films. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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48
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Halpert JE, Morgenstern FSF, Ehrler B, Vaynzof Y, Credgington D, Greenham NC. Charge Dynamics in Solution-Processed Nanocrystalline CuInS2 Solar Cells. ACS NANO 2015; 9:5857-67. [PMID: 25951125 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate charge dynamics in solar cells constructed using solution-processed layers of CuInS2 (CIS) nanocrystals (NCs) as the electron donor and CdS as the electron acceptor. By using time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, we are able to observe photoinduced absorptions that we attribute to the mobile hole carriers in the NC film. In combination with transient photocurrent and photovoltage measurements, we monitor charge dynamics on time scales from 300 fs to 1 ms. Carrier dynamics are investigated for devices with CIS layers composed of either colloidally synthesized 1,3-benzenedithiol-capped nanocrystals or in situ sol-gel synthesized thin films as the active layer. We find that deep trapping of holes in the colloidal NC cells is responsible for decreases in the open-circuit voltage and fill factor as compared to those of the sol-gel synthesized CIS/CdS cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Halpert
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Frederik S F Morgenstern
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Credgington
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Tuning the LUMO energy of 1,10-phenanthroline in α-diimine–dithiolate Ni(II) complex and enhancement of nonlinear optical properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Rohwer E, Minda I, Tauscher G, Richter C, Miura H, Schlettwein D, Schwoerer H. Ultrafast Charge-Transfer Reactions of Indoline Dyes with Anchoring Alkyl Chains of Varying Length in Mesoporous ZnO Solar Cells. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:943-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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