1
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Podchorodecka P, Dziuk B, Junga R, Szostak R, Szostak M, Bisz E. IPr* Thia - wingtip-flexible, sterically hindered, modular, N,C/S,C-chelating thiazole-donor N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39230139 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) represent a pivotal class of ligands in coordination chemistry owing to their unique electronic properties. In particular, hemilabile N-heterocyclic carbenes have garnered significant attention over the past decade due to their capacity to transiently coordinate to metals and open coordination sites. However, hemilabile NHC ligands have been predominantly limited to N, O and P donors, while NHC ligands bearing versatile S-donors have been severely underdeveloped. Herein, we report wingtip-flexible, sterically hindered NHC ligands that feature N,C/S,C-chelating thiazole donors in combination with the powerful IPr* (IPr* = (2,6-bis(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) scaffold. These ligands are prepared using a highly modular SNAr arylation of thiazole derivatives. Full structural and electronic characterization is reported. The ligands feature a high barrier to rotation around the N-thiazole axis (10 kcal mol-1). The ligands are evaluated for their steric, electron-donating and π-accepting properties as well as coordination chemistry to Ag(I), Pd(II), Rh(I) and Se. Preliminary studies on Ag, Pd and Rh catalysis are presented. The efficiency of the approach is highlighted by preparing a library of unsymmetrical imidazolium precursors. The mono-IPr* wingtip provides a highly hindered yet sterically flexible environment adjusting to metal centers, while the N-thiazolyl wingtip displays a fluxional behavior that interchanges from the hard/soft N,C to soft/soft S,C coordination. Considering the importance of hemilabile N-heterocyclic carbene ligands in metal stabilization in inorganic and organometallic chemistry, we expect that this class of ligands will be of broad interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Podchorodecka
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Robert Junga
- Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Opole University of Technology, 5 Mikołajczyka Street, Opole 45-271, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland.
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2
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Rowsey R, Hilgar JD, Romero NA. Silylimidazolium Hexafluorophosphate Salts as Synthetic Precursors to N-Heterocyclic Carbene Pentafluorophosphorus Adducts. Org Lett 2024; 26:4750-4755. [PMID: 38795046 PMCID: PMC11165577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene pentafluorophosphorus (NHC-PF5) adducts are six-coordinate phosphorus(v) compounds with emerging applications but poor synthetic accessibility. We have developed a simple and high yielding protocol for synthesizing imidazolylidene NHC-PF5 adducts from silylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate salts. Using this methodology, we have prepared a series of NHC-PF5 adducts in high yields, including new NHC-PF5 building blocks amenable to subsequent synthetic diversification. We also demonstrate that a similar approach enables access to analogous, synthetically elusive NHC-BF3 and NHC-SbF5 adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rylan
A. Rowsey
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jeremy D. Hilgar
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Nathan A. Romero
- Department of Chemistry &
Biochemistry, University of California San
Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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3
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Aysin RR, Galkin KI. Adaptive carbonyl umpolung involving a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate: an alternative mechanism for NHC-mediated organocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:8702-8707. [PMID: 37867444 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we propose a novel mechanistic model for NHC-mediated carbonyl umpolung which involves the formation of a carbanionic carbene Breslow intermediate (CCBI). We have demonstrated theoretically that this reactive intermediate can be formed by inserting an aldehyde into the C4-H position of an N-aryl-substituted imidazolium-derived NHC via the generation of an H-bonded ditopic carbanionic NHC (dcNHC). Our DFT study on benzoin condensation has revealed that the mechanism of polarity inversion proceeding through the CCBI may be more energetically favorable than the classical mechanism of umpolung that uses the C2 carbene position in NHC. The potential existence of the CCBI highlights the dynamic and adaptive nature of NHC-mediated organocatalysis, particularly in relation to carbonyl umpolung. This finding also sheds light on new pathways in organocatalytic transformations employing the ambident reactivity of NHC, which may be particularly attractive for reactions involving furanic aldehydes and sterically encumbered N-aryl-substituted carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat R Aysin
- Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova, 28, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin I Galkin
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2nd Baumanskaya ul., 5/1, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Leninsky Prospekt, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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4
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Buchner MR, Bekiş DF. Reactivity of free N-heterocyclic carbenes in dichloromethane. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13864-13867. [PMID: 37750825 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02702c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The reactivity of free 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene (MeIPr) and 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IDipp) in dichloromethane was investigated. MeIPr reacts relatively slowly and selectively with the solvent under the formation of imidazolium salt [MeIPrH]Cl, which was characterised through NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. Through deuterium labelling experiments the reaction rate was determined. In contrast IDipp reacts unselectively to various imidazolium salts. Due to the slow decomposition rates of MeIPr and IDipp in CH2Cl2, reactions of the free carbenes with BeBr2 to [(MeIPr)BeBr2], [(MeIPr)2BeBr2] and [(IDipp)BeBr2] can be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R Buchner
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Deniz F Bekiş
- Anorganische Chemie, Nachwuchsgruppe Berylliumchemie, Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
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5
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Astakhov AV, Minyaev ME, Zhang Y, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. New class of RSO 2-NHC ligands and Pd/RSO 2-NHC complexes with tailored electronic properties and high performance in catalytic C-C and C-N bonds formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12067-12086. [PMID: 37581341 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have found ubiquitous applications as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and metal nanoparticle stabilizers in catalysis and metallodrug research. Substituents directly attached to the imidazole ring can have a significant influence on the electronic, steric, and other properties of NHC-proligands as well as their metal complexes. In the present study, for the first time, a new type of Pd/NHC complex with the RSO2 group directly attached to the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand core was designed and synthesized. The electronic properties as well as structural features of the new ligands were evaluated by means of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the introduction of a 4-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl group only slightly decreased the electron donation, but it significantly increased the π-acceptance and slightly enhanced the buried volume (%Vbur) of new imidazol-2-ylidenes. New Pd/NHC complexes were obtained through selective C(2)H-palladation of some of the synthesized 4-RSO2-functionalized imidazolium salts under mild conditions. Several complexes demonstrated good activity in the catalysis of model cross-coupling reactions, outperforming the activity of similar complexes with non-substituted NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim A Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, Nengyuan Road, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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6
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Fan G, Wang Q, Xu J, Zheng P, Chi YR. Carbene-catalyzed chemoselective reaction of unsymmetric enedials for access to Furo[2,3-b]pyrroles. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4243. [PMID: 37454112 PMCID: PMC10349821 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A carbene-catalyzed chemoselective reaction of unsymmetric enedials is disclosed. The reaction provides a concise access to bicyclic furo[2,3-b]pyrroles derivatives in excellent selectivity. A main challenge in this reaction is chemoselective reaction of the two aldehyde moieties in the enedial substrates. Mechanistic studies via experiments suggest that our chemoselectivity controls are mostly achieved on the reducing properties of different sited Breslow intermediates. Several side reactions processes and the corresponding side adducts are also studied by high resolution mass spectroscopy analysis. Our method allows for efficient assembly of the furo[2,3-b]pyrrole structural moieties and their analogues widely found in natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Pengcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, 550025, Guiyang, China.
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
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7
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Wohltmann WM, Schmidtmann M, Müller T. Covalent triflates as synthons for silolyl- and germolyl cations. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:9836-9842. [PMID: 35708108 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 1-silolyl and 1-germolyl triflates from the corresponding chlorides by salt metathesis reaction is reported. These covalent triflates are ideal starting materials for the preparation of ionic silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium triflates by their reaction with N-heterocyclic carbenes. Similarily, ionic silolyl- and germolyl-oxophosphonium triflates are obtained by substitution of the triflate group by triethylphosphane oxide Et3PO. The analysis of their 31P NMR chemical shifts according to the Gutmann-Beckett method reveal the high Lewis acidity of the underlying silolyl and germolyl cations. Further analysis of structural and NMR parameters of the silolyl- and germolyl-imidazolium and oxophosphonium triflates indicates that these compounds are covalently bonded silole and germole derivatives with insignificant contributions from silolyl- or germolyl cations. Silolyl and germolyl triflates are however synthetic equivalents of these cations and might serve as a source for electrophilic silolyl and germolyl units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Marie Wohltmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Marc Schmidtmann
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Chemistry, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
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8
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Shepelenko KE, Khazipov OV, Burykina JV, Gordeev EG, Minyaev ME, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. One‐Step Access to Heteroatom‐Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Maxim A. Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Konstantin E. Shepelenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Oleg V. Khazipov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Julia V. Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Evgeniy G. Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Mikhail E. Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Victor M. Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI) Prosveschenya 132 Novocherkassk 346428 Russia
| | - Valentine P. Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 Moscow 119991 Russia
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9
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Pasyukov D, Shevchenko M, Shepelenko K, Khazipov O, Burykina J, Gordeev E, Minyaev M, Chernyshev V, Ananikov VP. One-Step Access to Heteroatom-Functionalized Imidazol(in)ium Salts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116131. [PMID: 34963027 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have ubiquitous applications in energy research, catalysis, materials and medicinal sciences. Here, we report a new strategy for the synthesis of diverse heteroatom-functionalized imidazolium and imidazolinium salts from easily available 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadienes in one step. The strategy relies on a discovered family of unprecedented nucleophilic addition/cyclization reactions with trialkyl orthoformates and heteroatomic nucleophiles. To probe general areas of application, synthesized N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors were feasible for direct metallation to give functionalized M/carbene complexes (M = Pd, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au), which were isolated in individual form. The utility of chloromethyl function for the postmodification of the synthesized salts and Pd/carbene complexes was demonstrated. The obtained complexes and imidazolium salts demonstrated good activities in Pd- or Ni-catalyzed model cross-coupling and C-H activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Pasyukov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Maxim Shevchenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Konstantin Shepelenko
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemitry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Oleg Khazipov
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Julia Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Evgeniy Gordeev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Mikhail Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS: Institut organiceskoj himii imeni N D Zelinskogo RAN, Catalysis, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Victor Chernyshev
- Uzno-Rossijskij gosudarstvennyj politehniceskij universitet NPI imeni M I Platova, Chemistry, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 47, 119991, Moscow, RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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10
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Nguyen MT, Spasyuk D, White B, Dudding T, Nikonov GI. Generation and reactivity of an elusive base-stabilised phosphinidene. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16613-16619. [PMID: 34748621 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03181c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reduction of phosphorus dichloride 6, supported by the diaryloxyphenyl group (OCO) featuring two bulky phenoxy wingtips, by PMe3, generates a reactive intermediate that behaves as a base-stabilized phosphinidene (OCO)P (5). Warming up a solution of this species in toluene to room temperature results in trimerization to give the isolable cyclic triphosphine [(OCO)P]3, whereas in situ trapping with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3 afforded a 3,4-dimethylphospholene-3. Investigation of the reduction of 6 by the phosphine PMe3 by NMR led to the observation of a persistent species between -10 °C and 10 °C. A DFT study of this process suggests that this compound cannot be the proposed phosphinidene 5, and is more likely the diphosphine (OCO)ClP-PCl(OCO) (12). Attempted reduction of 5 by the bulky carbene IPr resulted in unusual electrophilic substitution in the carbene olefin backbone by the chlorophosphinyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- SM and MX Crystallography, Canadian Light Source Inc., 44 Innovation Blvd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Brandon White
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Travis Dudding
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Georgii I Nikonov
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada.
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11
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Mummel S, Lederle F, Hübner EG, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Schmidt A. Sydnone Methides-A Forgotten Class of Mesoionic Compounds for the Generation of Anionic N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18882-18887. [PMID: 34153173 PMCID: PMC8456854 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sydnone methides are described from which only one single example has been mentioned in the literature so far. Their deprotonation gave anions which can be formulated as π-electron rich anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. Sulfur and selenium adducts were stabilized as their methyl ethers, and mercury, gold as well as rhodium complexes of the sydnone methide carbenes were prepared. Sydnone methide anions also undergo C-C coupling reactions with 1-fluoro-4-iodobenzene under Pd(PPh3 )4 and CuBr catalysis. 77 Se NMR resonance frequencies and 1 JC4-Se as well as 1 JC4-H coupling constants have been determined to gain knowledge about the electronic properties of the anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes. The carbene carbon atom of the sydnone methide anion 3 j resonates at δ=155.2 ppm in 13 C NMR spectroscopy at -40 °C which is extremely shifted upfield in comparison to classical N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mummel
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Felix Lederle
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19HD-38640GoslarGermany
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute HHIFiber Optical Sensor SystemsAm Stollen 19HD-38640GoslarGermany
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- University of HelsinkiDepartment of ChemistryP.O. Box 55FIN-00014HelsinkiFinland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Clausthal University of TechnologyInstitute of Organic ChemistryLeibnizstrasse 6D-38678Clausthal-ZellerfeldGermany
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12
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Mummel S, Lederle F, Hübner EG, Namyslo JC, Nieger M, Schmidt A. Sydnonmethide – fast vergessene Mesoionen als Vorläufermoleküle von anionischen N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mummel
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Organische Chemie Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Felix Lederle
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Organische Chemie Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut HHI Faseroptische Sensorsysteme Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Eike G. Hübner
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Organische Chemie Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
- Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institut HHI Faseroptische Sensorsysteme Am Stollen 19H 38640 Goslar Deutschland
| | - Jan C. Namyslo
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Organische Chemie Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
| | - Martin Nieger
- Universität Helsinki Department für Chemie P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finnland
| | - Andreas Schmidt
- Technische Universität Clausthal Institut für Organische Chemie Leibnizstrasse 6 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld Deutschland
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13
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Welideniya D, Ramachandran MRK, Kalisch T, Streubel R. New frontiers: 1,4-diphosphinines and P-bridged bis(NHCs). Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9345-9366. [PMID: 34160506 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01624e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review describes synthetic concepts and breakthroughs in 1,4-diphosphinine and related P-bridged bis(NHCs) chemistry, covering the last four decades, starting from monocyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines in the early 80s to the most recent and promising achievements of tricyclic 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphinines and tricyclic 1,4-diphosphinines. Theoretical aspects are presented for 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines considering HOMO LUMO situations as well as the degree of aromaticity. Moreover, fundamental characteristics of analytical data of these compounds are highlighted with special focus on substituent effects, structural aspects and trends of electrophilicity. The two P-centers and the heterocyclic rings of 1,4-dihydro- and 1,4-diphosphinines constitute a broad platform for substitution, reduction/oxidation, alkylation, complexation and cycloaddition reactions, i.e., a comprehensive compilation of reactivity aspects is presented. Furthermore, very recent developments in the synthesis and reactivity of tricyclic PV/V- and PIII/III-bridged bis(imidazole-2-ylidenes) will be discussed together with new perspectives derived from an antiaromatic middle ring. In total, our intention is to show new frontiers, i.e., new synthetic paths, thus creating novel opportunities for potential applications in molecular and materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanushi Welideniya
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Mridhul R K Ramachandran
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Tim Kalisch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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14
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A quest for stable bicyclic carbenes with one, two, and three carbenic centers at theoretical level. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01715-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Mehr SHM, Craven M, Leonov AI, Keenan G, Cronin L. A universal system for digitization and automatic execution of the chemical synthesis literature. Science 2020; 370:101-108. [PMID: 33004517 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Robotic systems for chemical synthesis are growing in popularity but can be difficult to run and maintain because of the lack of a standard operating system or capacity for direct access to the literature through natural language processing. Here we show an extendable chemical execution architecture that can be populated by automatically reading the literature, leading to a universal autonomous workflow. The robotic synthesis code can be corrected in natural language without any programming knowledge and, because of the standard, is hardware independent. This chemical code can then be combined with a graph describing the hardware modules and compiled into platform-specific, low-level robotic instructions for execution. We showcase automated syntheses of 12 compounds from the literature, including the analgesic lidocaine, the Dess-Martin periodinane oxidation reagent, and the fluorinating agent AlkylFluor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hessam M Mehr
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Matthew Craven
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Artem I Leonov
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Graham Keenan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Leroy Cronin
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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16
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Abedini N, Kassaee MZ, Cummings PT. Effects of nitrogen atoms on the stability and reactivity of tricyclic boracarbenes by DFT. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Galkin KI, Karlinskii BY, Kostyukovich AY, Gordeev EG, Ananikov VP. Ambident Reactivity of Imidazolium Cations as Evidence of the Dynamic Nature of N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Organocatalysis. Chemistry 2020; 26:8567-8571. [PMID: 32227612 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work reveals ambident nucleophilic reactivity of imidazolium cations towards carbonyl compounds at the C2 or C4 carbene centers depending on the steric properties of the substrates and reaction conditions. Such an adaptive behavior indicates the dynamic nature of organocatalysis proceeding via a covalent interaction of imidazolium carbenes with carbonyl substrates and can be explained by generation of the H-bonded ditopic carbanionic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin I Galkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Bogdan Ya Karlinskii
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy G Gordeev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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18
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Simon M, Radius M, Wagner HE, Breher F. Imidazolyl Alanes – Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hanna E. Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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19
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Evans KJ, Mansell SM. Functionalised N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands in Bimetallic Architectures. Chemistry 2020; 26:5927-5941. [PMID: 31981386 PMCID: PMC7317719 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have become immensely successful ligands in coordination chemistry and homogeneous catalysis due to their strong terminal σ-donor properties. However, by targeting NHC ligands with additional functionalisation, a new area of NHC coordination chemistry has developed that has enabled NHCs to be used to build up bimetallic and multimetallic architectures. This minireview covers the development of functionalised NHC ligands that incorporate additional donor sites in order to coordinate two or more metal atoms. This can be through the N-atom of the NHC ring, through a donor group attached to the N-atom or the carbon backbone, coordination of the π-bond or an annulated π-donor on the backbone, or through direct metalation of the backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieren J. Evans
- Institute of Chemical SciencesHeriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
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20
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Merschel A, Rottschäfer D, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Quantifying the Electronic and Steric Properties of 1,3-Imidazole-Based Mesoionic Carbenes (iMICs). Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Merschel
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse, Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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21
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Naz NR, Schnakenburg G, Mikeházi A, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L, Boeré RT, Streubel R. Janus bis(NHCs) tuned by heteroatom-bridge oxidation states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2646-2649. [PMID: 32022028 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08468a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of the first tricyclic bis(carbenes) with facially opposed imidazole-2-ylidenes and two linking phosphorus centres in different oxidation states is presented using a modular, high-yield synthetic route. The formation of homo bimetallic coinage metal complexes provides a glimpse on their potential use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabila Rauf Naz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Antal Mikeházi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt Gellert ter 4, 1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - René T Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive West, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Strasse 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Kaur M, Patra K, Din Reshi NU, Bera JK. Base-Controlled Directed Synthesis of Metal–Methyleneimidazoline (MIz) and Metal–Mesoionic Carbene (MIC) Compounds. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Kamaless Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Noor U Din Reshi
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Jitendra K. Bera
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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23
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Mizusaki T, Matsumoto K, Takeuchi K, Fukaya N, Takagi Y, Choi JC. Direct Installation of a Silyl Linker on Ready-Made NHC Ligands: Immobilized NHC-Pd Complex for Buchwald–Hartwig Amination. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoteru Mizusaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
- N. E. CHEMCAT Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Takeuchi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Takagi
- N. E. CHEMCAT Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Ibaraki, Japan
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24
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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25
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Fukaya N, Mizusaki T, Hatakeyama K, Seo Y, Inaba Y, Matsumoto K, Lee VY, Takagi Y, Kuwabara J, Kanbara T, Choe YK, Choi JC. [Pd(4-R3Si-IPr)(allyl)Cl], a Family of Silyl-Substituted Pd–NHC Complexes: Catalytic Systems for the Buchwald–Hartwig Amination. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoteru Mizusaki
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- N.E. CHEMCAT Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Kouhei Hatakeyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Yuto Seo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan
| | - Yuuya Inaba
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Vladimir Ya. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Takagi
- N.E. CHEMCAT Corporation, 678 Ipponmatsu, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0314, Japan
| | - Junpei Kuwabara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Takaki Kanbara
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
| | - Yoong-Kee Choe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Jun-Chul Choi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Tsukuba Research Center for Energy Materials Science (TREMS), Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Xaver Gentner
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Pahl
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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27
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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28
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Danopoulos AA, Massard A, Frison G, Braunstein P. Iron and Cobalt Metallotropism in Remote-Substituted NHC Ligands: Metalation to Abnormal NHC Complexes or NHC Ring Opening. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:14550-14554. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201808008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A. Danopoulos
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
- Chemistry Department; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens; Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Athens Greece
| | - Alexandre Massard
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Gilles Frison
- LCM, CNRS, Ecole polytechnique; Université Paris-Saclay; 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Pierre Braunstein
- Université de Strasbourg; CNRS, Chimie UMR 7177; Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination; 4 rue Blaise Pascal 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
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29
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Schweizer JI, Sturm AG, Porsch T, Berger M, Bolte M, Auner N, Holthausen MC. Reactions of Si 2Br 6with N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia I. Schweizer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Alexander G. Sturm
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Timo Porsch
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Matthias Berger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Norbert Auner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Max C. Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Goethe-Universität; Max-von-Laue-Strasse 7 60438 Frankfurt/Main Germany
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30
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Mandal D, Dolai R, Kalita P, Narayanan RS, Kumar R, Sobottka S, Sarkar B, Rajaraman G, Chandrasekhar V, Jana A. "Abnormal" Addition of NHC to a Conjugate Acid of CAAC: Formation of N-Alkyl-Substituted CAAC. Chemistry 2018; 24:12722-12727. [PMID: 29797625 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The addition reactions of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are mostly known to occur through the carbenic centre (C2), which leads to a "normal" adduct. Herein, we report the "abnormal" addition of NHCDip 1 (1,3-(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )-imidazole-2-ylidene) to a conjugate acid of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene 2 (CAACiPr =1-iPr-3,3,5,5-Me4 -pyrrolinium triflate). Mechanistic study revealed that this reaction proceeded through the in situ formation of 1,3-(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )-imidazolium cation 4 and N-iPr-substituted CAAC 5 followed by the oxidative addition of compound 5 across the C4-H bond (alias backbone C-H) of compound 4. The in situ formation of compound 5 was also proven by the oxidative addition of it to the N-H group of iPrNH2 . DFT calculations also supported the mechanistic findings. A different methodology for the in situ generation of compound 5 by using TMPLi is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdeep Mandal
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Ramapada Dolai
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Kalita
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Bhubaneswar-, 752050, India
| | | | - Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Sebastian Sobottka
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Biprajit Sarkar
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Anorganische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 34-36, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-, 400076, India
| | - Vadapalli Chandrasekhar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India.,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur-, 208016, India
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, Gopanpally, Hyderabad-, 500107, Telangana, India
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31
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Hernán-Gómez A, Uzelac M, Baillie SE, Armstrong DR, Kennedy AR, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Molecular Manipulations of a Utility Nitrogen-Heterocyclic Carbene by Sodium Magnesiate Complexes and Transmetallation Chemistry with Gold Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:10541-10549. [PMID: 29750849 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the scope and applications of anionic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), a novel series of magnesium NHC complexes is reported using a mixed sodium-magnesium approach. Sequential reactivity of classical imidazol- 2-ylidene carbene IPr with NaR and MgR2 (R=CH2 SiMe3 ) affords [(THF)3 Na(μ-IPr- )MgR2 (THF)] (2) [IPr- =:C{[N(2,6-iPr2 C6 H3 )]2 CHC] containing an anionic NHC ligand, whereas surprisingly sodium magnesiate [NaMgR3 ] fails to deprotonate IPr affording instead the redistribution coordination adduct [IPr2 Na2 MgR4 ] (1). Compound 2 undergoes selective C2-methylation when treated with MeOTf furnishing novel abnormal NHC complex [{aIPrMe MgR2 }2 ] (3). Dissolving 3 in THF led to the dissociation of this complex into MgR2 and aIPrMe with the latter isomerizing to the olefinic NHC IPr=CH2 . The ability of 2 and 3 to transfer their anionic and abnormal NHC ligands, respectively to AuI metal fragments has been investigated allowing the isolation and structural characterization of [RAu(μ-IPr- )MgR(THF)2 ] (4) and [aIPrMe AuR] (5) respectively. In both cases transfer of an alkyl R group is observed. However while 3 can also transfer its abnormal NHC ligand to give 5, in 4 the anionic NHC still remains coordinated to Mg via its C4 position, whereas the {AuR} fragment occupies the C2 position previously filled by a donor-solvated {Na(THF)3 }+ cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Sharon E Baillie
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - David R Armstrong
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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32
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Nesterov V, Reiter D, Bag P, Frisch P, Holzner R, Porzelt A, Inoue S. NHCs in Main Group Chemistry. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9678-9842. [PMID: 29969239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the first stable N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) in the beginning of the 1990s, these divalent carbon species have become a common and available class of compounds, which have found numerous applications in academic and industrial research. Their important role as two-electron donor ligands, especially in transition metal chemistry and catalysis, is difficult to overestimate. In the past decade, there has been tremendous research attention given to the chemistry of low-coordinate main group element compounds. Significant progress has been achieved in stabilization and isolation of such species as Lewis acid/base adducts with highly tunable NHC ligands. This has allowed investigation of numerous novel types of compounds with unique electronic structures and opened new opportunities in the rational design of novel organic catalysts and materials. This Review gives a general overview of this research, basic synthetic approaches, key features of NHC-main group element adducts, and might be useful for the broad research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaly Nesterov
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Prasenjit Bag
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Philipp Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Richard Holzner
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Amelie Porzelt
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center , Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4 , Garching bei München 85748 , Germany
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33
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Canac Y. Carbeniophosphines versus Phosphoniocarbenes: The Role of the Positive Charge. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1872-1887. [PMID: 29761658 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of carbeniophosphines and phosphoniocarbenes, which have general structures derived formally from the three-component "carbene/phosphine/positive charge" association, is presented. These two complementary classes of carbon-phosphorus-based ligands, defined by the presence of an inverted cationic coordinating structure (C+ ∼P: vs. P+ ∼C:) have the common purpose of positioning a positive charge in the vicinity of the metal center. Through selected examples, the synthetic methods, coordination properties, and general reactivity of both cationic species is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the positive charge on the respective chemical behavior of the two classes of compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Canac
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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34
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Schwedtmann K, Zanoni G, Weigand JJ. Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl-Substituted Phosphorus Compounds. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1388-1405. [PMID: 29573181 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl-substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schwedtmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Zanoni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Jan J Weigand
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, TU Dresden, Chair of Inorganic Molecular Chemistry, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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35
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Flores-Jarillo M, Salazar-Pereda V, Ruiz-Mendoza FJ, Alvarez-Hernández A, Suarez-Castillo OR, Mendoza-Espinosa D. Expedient Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Abnormal Carbenegold(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:28-31. [PMID: 29227652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 4-substituted imidazol-2-ylidenes with various electrophiles produces a series of 2,4-functionalized imidazolium salts. Subsequent metalation of these precursors using AuCl(SMe2) provides the first examples of highly functionalized abnormal carbenegold(I) complexes. The present protocol introduces a new strategy for the synthesis of metallic abnormal carbenes featuring diverse functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Flores-Jarillo
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
| | - Verónica Salazar-Pereda
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
| | - Francisco J Ruiz-Mendoza
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Hernández
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
| | - Oscar R Suarez-Castillo
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
| | - Daniel Mendoza-Espinosa
- Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo , Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo 42090, México
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36
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Hernández-Juárez M, López-Serrano J, González-Herrero P, Rendón N, Álvarez E, Paneque M, Suárez A. Hydrogenation of an iridium-coordinated imidazol-2-ylidene ligand fragment. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3843-3846. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00420j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented hydrogenation of a metal-coordinated imidazolylidene to imidazolidinylidene is observed under mild conditions in an iridium complex containing a metalated lutidine derived CNP ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Hernández-Juárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - J. López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - P. González-Herrero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad de Murcia
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - N. Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - E. Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - M. Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
| | - A. Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ)
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica
- Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA)
- CSIC
- Universidad de Sevilla
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37
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Johnson C, Albrecht M. Piano-stool N-heterocyclic carbene iron complexes: Synthesis, reactivity and catalytic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Avinash I, Gupta V, Karthik V, Anantharaman G. A straightforward synthesis of 4,5-dihalofunctionalized imidazol-2-ylidene/imidazolyl-metal complexes from trihaloimidazolium salts/imidazoles: Structure and catalytic studies. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Rottschäfer D, Blomeyer S, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Ghadwal RS. Silylene-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene (Si−NHC). Chemistry 2017; 24:380-387. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Fakultät für Chemie; Universität Bielefeld; Universitätsstr. 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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40
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Ruamps M, Lugan N, César V. Experimental Assessment of the π-Acidity of Anionic and Neutral Malonate-Derived N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Ruamps
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; 205 route de Narbonne 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4 France
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41
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Zhang Y, Lavigne G, Lugan N, César V. Buttressing Effect as a Key Design Principle towards Highly Efficient Palladium/N-Heterocyclic Carbene Buchwald-Hartwig Amination Catalysts. Chemistry 2017; 23:13792-13801. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Guy Lavigne
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Noël Lugan
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
| | - Vincent César
- LCC-CNRS; Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS; Toulouse France
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42
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Nzahou Ottou W, Conde-Mendizabal E, Pascual A, Wirotius AL, Bourichon D, Vignolle J, Robert F, Landais Y, Sotiropoulos JM, Miqueu K, Taton D. Organic Lewis Pairs Based on Phosphine and Electrophilic Silane for the Direct and Controlled Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Nzahou Ottou
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Egoitz Conde-Mendizabal
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Ana Pascual
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Anne-Laure Wirotius
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Damien Bourichon
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Joan Vignolle
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Frédéric Robert
- Université
de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Yannick Landais
- Université
de Bordeaux, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
- CNRS, ISM, UMR 5255, 33400 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sotiropoulos
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Karinne Miqueu
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux, Université de PAU & des Pays de l’Adour, CNRS, UNIV PAU & PAYS ADOUR, IPREM UMR 5254, 64000 PAU, France
| | - Daniel Taton
- Université
de Bordeaux, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
- CNRS, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France
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43
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Ghadwal RS, Rottschäfer D, Andrada DM, Frenking G, Schürmann CJ, Stammler HG. Normal-to-abnormal rearrangement of an N-heterocyclic carbene with a silylene transition metal complex. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:7791-7799. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The NHC ligand of the complex 3-W undergoes normal-to-abnormal rearrangement on treatment with CsOH and yields the aNHC-complex 6-W, which is found to be 13.5 kcal mol−1 less stable than its normal counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra S. Ghadwal
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Dennis Rottschäfer
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
| | - Diego M. Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Fachbereich Chemie
- Philipps-Universität Marburg
- 35032 Marburg
- Germany
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC)
| | | | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Anorganische Molekülchemie und Katalyse
- Am Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie
- Fakultät für Chemie
- Universität Bielefeld
- Bielefeld
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44
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Jin P, Yang L, Liu C, Chen M, Hou Q, Li L, Zhao Y. A comparative study on the N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of Ih-C60, D5h-C70 and Sc3N@Ih-C80. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17598-17606. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02696j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The exclusive formations of the normal nNHC-C60/70 and abnormal aNHC-Sc3N@Ih-C80 complexes in two recent experiments were suggested to be thermodynamically and kinetically controlled, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Muqing Chen
- Department of Materials Physics
- School of Physics and Mechanical & Electronical Engineering
- Hubei University of Education
- Wuhan 430205
- P. R. China
| | - Qinghua Hou
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Li
- Key Laboratory for New Type of Functional Materials in Hebei Province
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Hebei University of Technology
- Tianjin 300130
- P. R. China
| | - Yujun Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin 30072
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45
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Wang Y, Hickox HP, Wei P, Robinson GH. C4-Ferrocenylsilyl-bridged and -substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes: complexation of germanium chloride. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5508-5512. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00066a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C4-Ferrocenylsilyl-bridged and -substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes and their germanium chloride complexes have been prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
| | | | - Pingrong Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Georgia
- Athens
- USA
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46
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Koner A, Serin SC, Schnakenburg G, Patrick BO, Gates DP, Streubel R. Exploring the chemistry of backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10504-10514. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01859b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Backbone amino(chloro)phosphanyl-substituted imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized and their potential as starting material for backbone phosphaalkenyl substituted imidazole-2-thiones studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Koner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Spencer C. Serin
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn
- D-53121 Bonn
- Germany
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Hering-Junghans C, Andreiuk P, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Der Einsatz von N-heterocyclischen Vinylliganden zur Isolierung stabiler Divinylgermylene und eines Germylium-Kations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering-Junghans
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Patricia Andreiuk
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Michael J. Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Alberta; 11227 Saskatchewan Drive Edmonton Alberta T6G 2G2 Kanada
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48
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Hering-Junghans C, Andreiuk P, Ferguson MJ, McDonald R, Rivard E. Using N-Heterocyclic Vinyl Ligands to Access Stable Divinylgermylenes and a Germylium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:6272-6275. [PMID: 28510351 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two efficient methods are presented to install σ- and π-electron-donating N-heterocyclic vinyl groups onto main-group elements (E): halosilane elimination and base-induced E-C bond formation. Placement of two NHC=CH- ligands (NHC=N-heterocyclic carbene) onto a GeII center affords a two-coordinate germylene, a heavy congener of the elusive divinyl carbenes. The π-donating ability of this vinylic ligand scaffold was further demonstrated by the synthesis of a three-coordinate germylium cation R3 Ge+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hering-Junghans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Patricia Andreiuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michael J Ferguson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Robert McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
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49
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Begum I, Schnakenburg G, Streubel R. On Route to C
4
/C
5
P‐Bifunctional 1,3‐Thiazole‐Based Carbenes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Begum
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
| | - Rainer Streubel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRheinische Friedrich‐Wilhelms‐Universität BonnGerhard‐Domagk‐Str. 153121BonnGermany
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50
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Uzelac M, Kennedy AR, Hernán-Gómez A, Fuentes MÁ, Hevia E. Heavier Alkali-metal Gallates as Platforms for Accessing Functionalized Abnormal NHC Carbene-Gallium Complexes. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - M. Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM; Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry; University of Strathclyde; G1 1XL Glasgow UK
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