1
|
Zhang C, Jiang X, Jing Y, Zhang N, Wang P, Wang H, Jiang K, Chen XM, Chen X. Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivities of BCN-Heterocyclic B-N Chains. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10519-10526. [PMID: 38804144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The BCN-heterocyclic B-N chain compounds, the sodium and potassium salts of 3 and 4 anions (Na3, Na4, and K4), were synthesized by reactions of ethane 1,2-diamineborane (BH3NH2CH2CH2NH2BH3, 1) and propane 1,2-diamineborane (BH3NH2CH2CH2CH2NH2BH3, 2) with MH (M = Na and K). Then, the neutral B-N chain compounds 5 and 6 were prepared with dehydrogenation of [NH4]3 and [NH4]4, formed by metathesis reactions of Na3 and Na4 with NH4Cl or NH4SCN, respectively. Compounds 7 and 8, analog 5, were also prepared using pyridine and 4-methoxypyridine instead of NH3 in 5. These synthesized compounds were characterized spectroscopically, and the singe-crystal structures of the Na3·18-crown-6 and K4·18-crown-6 adducts were determined. Furthermore, the reactions of Na3 and Na4 with cationic B-N chain compounds, [NH3BH2NH3]Cl and [NH3BH2NH2BH2NH3]Cl, could not form longer BCN-heterocyclic B-N chain. The solubility of metal hydrides, the ability for proton abstracting, the basicity of Lewis bases, and the chelate effect may influence these reactions even though the reaction mechanism is not fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yi Jing
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Hongju Wang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xi-Meng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xuenian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Boron Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scholz AS, Bolte M, Virovets A, Peresypkina E, Lerner HW, Anstöter CS, Wagner M. Tetramerization of BEB-Doped Phenalenyls to Obtain (BE) 8-[16]Annulenes (E = N, O). J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12100-12112. [PMID: 38635878 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two (BE)8-[16]annulenes were prepared and fully characterized by experimental and quantum-chemical means (1, E = N; 2, E = O). The 1,8-naphthalenediyl-bridged diborane(6) 3 served as their common starting material, which was treated with [Al(NH3)6]Cl3 to form 1 (91% yield) or with 1,8-naphthalenediboronic acid anhydride to form 2 (93% yield). As a result, the heteroannulenes 1 and 2 are supported by four aromatic "clamps" and may also be viewed as NH- or O-bridged cyclic tetramers of BNB- or BOB-doped phenalenyls. X-ray crystallography on mono-, di-, and tetraadducts 2·thf, 2·py2, and 2·py4 showed that 2 is an oligotopic Lewis acid (thf/py: tetrahydrofuran/pyridine donor). The applicability of 2 also as a Lewis basic ligand in coordination chemistry was demonstrated by the synthesis of the mononuclear Ag+ complex [Ag(py)2(2·py4)]+ and the dinuclear Pb2+ complex 6. During the assembly of 6, the rearrangement of 2 led to the formation of two (BO)9-macrocycles linked by two BOB-phenalenyls to form a nanometer-sized cage with four negatively charged, tetracoordinated B atoms. Both 1 and 2 show several redox waves in the cathodic regions of the cyclic voltammograms. An in-depth assessment of the consequences of electron injection on the aromaticity of 1 and 2 was achieved by electronic structure calculations. 1 and 2 are proposed to exhibit aromatic switching capabilities in the [16]annulene motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Scholz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alexander Virovets
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eugenia Peresypkina
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cate S Anstöter
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, EH8 9YLEdinburgh,U.K
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Straße 7, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Himmelbauer D, Müller F, Schweinzer C, Casas F, Pribanic B, Le Corre G, Thöny D, Trincado M, Grützmacher H. Selective dehydrogenation of ammonia borane to polycondensated BN rings catalysed by ruthenium olefin complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:885-888. [PMID: 38165285 PMCID: PMC10795514 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05709g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation of ammonia borane to well-defined products is an important but challenging reaction. A dinuclear ruthenium complex with a Ru-Ru bond bearing a diazadiene (dad) unit and olefins as non-innocent ligands catalyzes the highly selective formation of conjugated polycondensed borazine oligomers (BxNxHy), predominantly B21N21H18, the BN analogue of superbenzene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Himmelbauer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163Vienna A-1060Austria
| | - Fabian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Clara Schweinzer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Fernando Casas
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Bruno Pribanic
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Grégoire Le Corre
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Debora Thöny
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Monica Trincado
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1Zurich CH-8049Switzerlandtrincado@inorg,chem.ethz.ch
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Culver DB, Boncella JM. Double Intramolecular 1,2 C-H Addition of o-Methyl Groups To Form Ruthenium Pincer Double Tuck-In Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:19383-19388. [PMID: 37971401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium pincer complexes have a rich history of coordination and reaction chemistries. In this work, we report our discoveries of previously unreported Ru pincer coordination geometries. We found that mono tuck-in κ4-ArPNHPRuLCl complexes react with NaN(SiMe3)2 producing double tuck-in mer-κ5-ArPNHPRuL complexes. Interestingly, when κ4-MesPNHPRuCl is dehydrohalogenated, the resulting double tuck-in complex binds N2, forming the nitrogen complex κ5-MesPNHPRuN2. The mer-κ5-ArPNHPRuL complexes thermally isomerize to the fac-κ5-ArPNHPRuL isomers, which is an uncommon reaction for pincer complexes. The mer-κ5-ArPNHPRuL complexes react with CO and CO2 to form amide κ4-ArPNHPRu(CO)L or carbamate κ5-ArPN(CO2)PRuL complexes, respectively, supporting the hypothesis that the κ4-ArPNPRuL amide intermediates are accessible and reactive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien B Culver
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - James M Boncella
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cross MJ, Brodie CN, Crivoi DG, Goodall JC, Ryan DE, Martínez‐Martínez AJ, Johnson A, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of Amine-Boranes using Bis(imino)pyridine Rhodium Pre-Catalysis: σ-Amine-Borane Complexes, Nanoparticles, and Low Residual-Metal BN-Polymers that can be Chemically Repurposed. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302110. [PMID: 37530441 PMCID: PMC10947130 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The sigma amine-borane complexes [Rh(L1)(η2 :η2 -H3 B⋅NRH2 )][OTf] (L1=2,6-bis-[1-(2,6-diisopropylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine, R=Me, Et, n Pr) are described, alongside [Rh(L1)(NMeH2 )][OTf]. Using R=Me as a pre-catalyst (1 mol %) the dehydropolymerization of H3 B ⋅ NMeH2 gives [H2 BNMeH]n selectively. Added NMeH2 , or the direct use of [Rh(L1)(NMeH2 )][OTf], is required for initiation of catalysis, which is suggested to operate through the formation of a neutral hydride complex, Rh(L1)H. The formation of small (1-5 nm) nanoparticles is observed at the end of catalysis, but studies are ambiguous as to whether the catalysis is solely nanoparticle promoted or if there is a molecular homogeneous component. [Rh(L1)(NMeH2 )][OTf] is shown to operate at 0.025 mol % loadings on a 2 g scale of H3 B ⋅ NMeH2 to give polyaminoborane [H2 BNMeH]n [Mn =30,900 g/mol, Ð=1.8] that can be purified to a low residual [Rh] (6 μg/g). Addition of Na[N(SiMe3 )2 ] to [H2 BNMeH]n results in selective depolymerization to form the eee-isomer of N,N,N-trimethylcyclotriborazane [H2 BNMeH]3 : the chemical repurposing of a main-group polymer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dana G. Crivoi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - David E. Ryan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkYO10 5DDUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Antonio J. Martínez‐Martínez
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Supramolecular Organometallic and Main Group Chemistry Laboratory CIQSO-Center for Research in Sustainable Chemistry and Department of ChemistryUniversity of HuelvaCampus El Carmen21007HuelvaSpain
| | - Alice Johnson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Biosciences and ChemistrySheffield Hallam UniversityHoward StSheffieldS1 1WBUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Braese J, Lehnfeld F, Annibale VT, Oswald T, Beckhaus R, Manners I, Scheer M. Titanium-Catalyzed Polymerization of a Lewis Base-Stabilized Phosphinoborane. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301741. [PMID: 37498679 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the Lewis base-stabilized phosphinoborane monomer tBuHPBH2 NMe3 (2 a) with catalytic amounts of bis(η5 :η1 -adamantylidenepentafulvene)titanium (1) provides a convenient new route to the polyphosphinoborane [tBuPH-BH2 ]n (3 a). This method offers access to high molar mass materials under mild conditions and with short reaction times (20 °C, 1 h in toluene). It represents an unprecedented example of a transition metal-mediated polymerization of a Lewis base-stabilized Group 13/15 compound. Preliminary studies of the substrate scope and a potential mechanism are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Braese
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehnfeld
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vincent T Annibale
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Tim Oswald
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie Carl-von-Ossietzky, Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Beckhaus
- Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Chemie Carl-von-Ossietzky, Straße 9-11, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ian Manners
- University of Victoria, Department of Chemistry, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Turani-I-Belloto K, Chiriac R, Toche F, Petit E, Yot PG, Alauzun JG, Demirci UB. Synthesis: Molecular Structure, Thermal-Calorimetric and Computational Analyses, of Three New Amine Borane Adducts. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031469. [PMID: 36771135 PMCID: PMC9921861 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclopropylamine borane C3H5NH2BH3 (C3AB), 2-ethyl-1-hexylamine borane CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CH2NH2BH3 (C2C6AB) and didodecylamine borane (C12H25)2NHBH3 ((C12)2AB) are three new amine borane adducts (ABAs). They are synthesized by reaction of the corresponding amines with a borane complex, the reaction being exothermic as shown by Calvet calorimetry. The successful synthesis of each has been demonstrated by FTIR, Raman and NMR. For instance, the 11B NMR spectra show the presence of signals typical of the NBH3 environment, thereby implying the formation of B-N bonds. The occurrence of dihydrogen bonds (DHBs) for each of the ABAs has been highlighted by DSC and FTIR, and supported by DFT calculations (via the Mulliken charges for example). When heated, the three ABAs behave differently: C3AB and C2C6AB decompose from 68 to 100 °C whereas (C12)2AB is relatively stable up to 173 °C. That means that these ABAs are not appropriate as hydrogen carriers, but the 'most' stable (C12)2AB could open perspectives for the synthesis of advanced materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Turani-I-Belloto
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM–UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Rodica Chiriac
- Laboratoire des Multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - François Toche
- Laboratoire des Multimateriaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Eddy Petit
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM–UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal G. Yot
- ICGM, Universite de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Johan G. Alauzun
- ICGM, Universite de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Umit B. Demirci
- Institut Europeen des Membranes, IEM–UMR 5635, ENSCM, CNRS, Universite de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Reuter MB, Seth DM, Javier-Jiménez DR, Finfer EJ, Beretta EA, Waterman R. Recent advances in catalytic pnictogen bond forming reactions via dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1258-1273. [PMID: 36648191 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An examination of several catalytic reactions among the group 15 elements is presented. The connections between the chemistry of the pnictogens can sometimes be challenging, but aspects of metal-pnictogen reactivity are the key. The connecting reactivity comes from metal-catalyzed transformations such as dehydrocoupling and hydrofunctionalization. Pivotal mechanistic insights from E-N heterodehydrocoupling have informed the development of highly active catalysts for these reactions. Metal-amido nucleophilicity is often at the core of this reactivity, which diverges from phosphine and arsine dehydrocoupling. Nucleophilicity connects to the earliest understanding of hydrophosphination catalysis, but more recent catalysts are leveraging enhanced insertion activity through photolysis. This photocatalysis extends to hydroarsination, which may also have more metal-arsenido nucleophilicity than anticipated. However, metal-catalyzed arsinidene chemistry foreshadowed related phosphinidene chemistry by years. This examination shows the potential for greater influence of individual discoveries and understanding to leverage new advances between these elements, and it also suggests that the chemistry of heavier elements may have more influence on what is possible with lighter elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Reuter
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Dennis M Seth
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Diego R Javier-Jiménez
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Emma J Finfer
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Evan A Beretta
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | - Rory Waterman
- University of Vermont, Department of Chemistry, 82 University Place, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Race JJ, Heyam A, Wiebe MA, Diego-Garcia Hernandez J, Ellis CE, Lei S, Manners I, Weller AS. Polyphosphinoborane Block Copolymer Synthesis Using Catalytic Reversible Chain-Transfer Dehydropolymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216106. [PMID: 36394131 PMCID: PMC10107156 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
An amphiphilic block copolymer of polyphosphinoborane has been prepared by a mechanism-led strategy of the sequential catalytic dehydropolymerization of precursor monomers, H3 B ⋅ PRH2 (R=Ph, n-hexyl), using the simple pre-catalyst [Rh(Ph2 PCH2 CH2 PPh2 )2 ]Cl. Speciation, mechanism and polymer chain growth studies support a step-growth process where reversible chain transfer occurs, i.e. H3 B ⋅ PRH2 /oligomer/polymer can all coordinate with, and be activated by, the catalyst. Block copolymer [H2 BPPhH]110 -b-[H2 BP(n-hexyl)H]11 can be synthesized and self-assembles in solution to form either rod-like micelles or vesicles depending on solvent polarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.,Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Alex Heyam
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Matthew A Wiebe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | | | - Charlotte E Ellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Shixing Lei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.,Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technology (CAMTEC), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng C, Liu W, Wang Y. Mechanistic insights into H 3B·NMeH 2 dehydrogenation by Co-based complexes: a DFT perspective. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06155d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic insights into Co-catalyzed H3B·NMeH2 dehydrogenation and polyaminoborane formation are carefully investigated using density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Peng
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brodie CN, Sotorrios L, Boyd TM, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of H 3B·NMeH 2 Mediated by Cationic Iridium(III) Precatalysts Bearing κ 3- iPr-PN RP Pincer Ligands ( R = H, Me): An Unexpected Inner-Sphere Mechanism. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13050-13064. [PMID: 36313521 PMCID: PMC9594342 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 to form N-methylpolyaminoborane using neutral
and
cationic catalysts based on the {Ir(iPr-PNHP)} fragment [iPr-PNHP = κ3-(CH2CH2PiPr2)2NH] is reported. Neutral
Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 or
Ir(iPr-PNHP)H2Cl
precatalysts show no, or poor and unselective, activity respectively
at 298 K in 1,2-F2C6H4 solution.
In contrast, addition of [NMeH3][BArF4] (ArF = 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3) to Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 immediately starts catalysis, suggesting that a cationic
catalytic manifold operates. Consistent with this, independently synthesized
cationic precatalysts are active (tested between 0.5 and 2.0 mol %
loading) producing poly(N-methylaminoborane) with Mn ∼ 40,000 g/mol, Đ ∼1.5, i.e., dihydrogen/dihydride, [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(H2)][BArF4]; σ-amine-borane [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(H3B·NMe3)][BArF4]; and [Ir(iPr-PNHP)(H)2(NMeH2)][BArF4]. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations
probe hydride exchange processes in two of these complexes and also
show that the barrier to amine-borane dehydrogenation is lower (22.5
kcal/mol) for the cationic system compared with the neutral system
(24.3 kcal/mol). The calculations show that the dehydrogenation proceeds
via an inner-sphere process without metal–ligand cooperativity,
and this is supported experimentally by N–Me substituted [Ir(iPr-PNMeP)(H)2(H3B·NMe3)][BArF4] being
an active catalyst. Key to the lower barrier calculated for the cationic
system is the outer-sphere coordination of an additional H3B·NMeH2 with the N–H group of the ligand.
Experimentally, kinetic studies indicate a complex reaction manifold
that shows pronounced deceleratory temporal profiles. As supported
by speciation and DFT studies, a key observation is that deprotonation
of [Ir(iPr-NHP)(H)2(H2)][BArF4], formed upon amine-borane
dehydrogenation, by the slow in situ formation of NMeH2 (via B–N bond cleavage), results in the formation of essentially
inactive Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3, with a coproduct of [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)2]+. While reprotonation
of Ir(iPr-PNHP)H3 results in a return to the cationic cycle, it is proposed, supported
by doping experiments, that reprotonation is attenuated by entrainment
of the [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)2]+/catalyst in insoluble polyaminoborane.
The role of [NMeH3]+/[H2B(NMeH2)]+ as chain control agents is also noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Timothy M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
2,6-Bis[bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)phosphinito-κP]phenyl-κC]-trans-chlorohydro(phenylphosphine)iridium(III). MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of an iridium complex featuring a phenylphosphine ligand is described. The reaction of (POCOP)IrHCl (1, POCOP = 2,6-(tBu2PO)2C6H3–) with phenylphosphine gives (POCOP)IrHCl(PH2Ph) (2) under mild conditions. The structural features are consistent with a classic pseudo-octahedral iridium compound with three neutral phosphine donors. Compound 1 is unreactive at elevated temperatures and is unreactive toward excess phenylphosphine under the sampled conditions.
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhattacharjee I, Sultana M, Bhunya S, Paul A. The curious saga of dehydrogenation/hydrogenation for chemical hydrogen storage: a mechanistic perspective. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1672-1684. [PMID: 35024699 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06238g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen storage is an indispensable component of hydrogen-based fuel economy. Chemical hydrogen storage relies on the development of lightweight compounds which can deliver high weight percentage of H2 at moderate temperatures through dehydrogenation and can be recovered from the dehydrogenated mass by hydrogenation for reuse. In this feature article we primarily discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of the catalytic dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane, a potential candidate for hydrogen storage and the challenges associated with its regeneration from the dehydrogenated mass. Moreover, we highlight the mechanistic intricacies, viability, sustainability and unresolved issues of allied chemical hydrogen storage avenues such as the CH3OH-CO2 cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Munia Sultana
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| | - Sourav Bhunya
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| | - Ankan Paul
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brodie CN, Boyd TM, Sotorríos L, Ryan DE, Magee E, Huband S, Town JS, Lloyd-Jones GC, Haddleton DM, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Controlled Synthesis of Well-Defined Polyaminoboranes on Scale Using a Robust and Efficient Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21010-21023. [PMID: 34846131 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The air tolerant precatalyst, [Rh(L)(NBD)]Cl ([1]Cl) [L = κ3-(iPr2PCH2CH2)2NH, NBD = norbornadiene], mediates the selective synthesis of N-methylpolyaminoborane, (H2BNMeH)n, by dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2. Kinetic, speciation, and DFT studies show an induction period in which the active catalyst, Rh(L)H3 (3), forms, which sits as an outer-sphere adduct 3·H3BNMeH2 as the resting state. At the end of catalysis, dormant Rh(L)H2Cl (2) is formed. Reaction of 2 with H3B·NMeH2 returns 3, alongside the proposed formation of boronium [H2B(NMeH2)2]Cl. Aided by isotopic labeling, Eyring analysis, and DFT calculations, a mechanism is proposed in which the cooperative "PNHP" ligand templates dehydrogenation, releasing H2B═NMeH (ΔG‡calc = 19.6 kcal mol-1). H2B═NMeH is proposed to undergo rapid, low barrier, head-to-tail chain propagation for which 3 is the catalyst/initiator. A high molecular weight polymer is formed that is relatively insensitive to catalyst loading (Mn ∼71 000 g mol-1; Đ, of ∼ 1.6). The molecular weight can be controlled using [H2B(NMe2H)2]Cl as a chain transfer agent, Mn = 37 900-78 100 g mol-1. This polymerization is suggested to arise from an ensemble of processes (catalyst speciation, dehydrogenation, propagation, chain transfer) that are geared around the concentration of H3B·NMeH2. TGA and DSC thermal analysis of polymer produced on scale (10 g, 0.01 mol % [1]Cl) show a processing window that allows for melt extrusion of polyaminoborane strands, as well as hot pressing, drop casting, and electrospray deposition. By variation of conditions in the latter, smooth or porous microstructured films or spherical polyaminoboranes beads (∼100 nm) result.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire N Brodie
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO31 1ES, U.K
| | - Timothy M Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO31 1ES, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Lia Sotorríos
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - David E Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO31 1ES, U.K.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Eimear Magee
- International Institute for Nanocomposites Manufacturing, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Steven Huband
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - James S Town
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, U.K
| | - David M Haddleton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - Stuart A Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew S Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO31 1ES, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ortega-Lepe I, Rossin A, Sánchez P, Santos LL, Rendón N, Álvarez E, López-Serrano J, Suárez A. Ammonia-Borane Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Dual-Mode Proton-Responsive Ir-CNN H Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18490-18502. [PMID: 34784204 PMCID: PMC8653221 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Metal complexes incorporating
proton-responsive ligands have been
proved to be superior catalysts in reactions involving the H2 molecule. In this contribution, a series of IrIII complexes
based on lutidine-derived CNNH pincers containing N-heterocyclic
carbene and secondary amino NHR [R = Ph (4a), tBu (4b), benzyl (4c)] donors
as flanking groups have been synthesized and tested in the dehydrogenation
of ammonia–borane (NH3BH3, AB) in the
presence of substoichiometric amounts (2.5 equiv) of tBuOK. These preactivated derivatives are efficient catalysts in AB
dehydrogenation in THF at room temperature, albeit significantly different
reaction rates were observed. Thus, by using 0.4 mol % of 4a, 1.0 equiv of H2 per mole of AB was released
in 8.5 min (turnover frequency (TOF50%) = 1875 h–1), while complexes 4b and 4c (0.8 mol %)
exhibited lower catalytic activities (TOF50% = 55–60
h–1). 4a is currently the best performing
IrIII homogeneous catalyst for AB dehydrogenation. Kinetic
rate measurements show a zero-order dependence with respect to AB,
and first order with the catalyst in the dehydrogenation with 4a (−d[AB]/dt = k[4a]). Conversely, the reaction with 4b is second order in AB and first order in the catalyst (−d[AB]/dt = k[4b][AB]2).
Moreover, the reactions of the derivatives 4a and 4b with an excess of tBuOK (2.5 equiv) have
been analyzed through NMR spectroscopy. For the former precursor,
formation of the iridate 5 was observed as a result of
a double deprotonation at the amine and the NHC pincer arm. In marked
contrast, in the case of 4b, a monodeprotonated (at the
pincer NHC-arm) species 6 is observed upon reaction with tBuOK. Complex 6 is capable of activating H2 reversibly to yield the trihydride derivative 7. Finally, DFT calculations of the first AB dehydrogenation step
catalyzed by 5 has been performed at the DFT//MN15 level
of theory in order to get information on the predominant metal–ligand
cooperation mode. Iridium complexes
based on CNNH ligands containing
two potential proton-responsive sites—a lutidine scaffold and
a secondary amino group—have been tested in the dehydrogenation
of ammonia-borane. Upon reaction with base, depending on the amino
group acidity, mono- or doubly deprotonated species exhibiting significantly
different catalytic activities were observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ortega-Lepe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrea Rossin
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ICCOM - CNR). Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Práxedes Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eleuterio Álvarez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Joaquín López-Serrano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Andrés Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA). CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla. Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lehnfeld F, Seidl M, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Synthesis and Reactivity of a Lewis‐Base‐Stabilized
tert
‐Butyl Arsanylborane: A Versatile Building Block for Arsenic‐Boron Oligomers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lehnfeld
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Michael Seidl
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| | - Alexey Y. Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University 199034 Universitetskaya emb. 7/9 St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Regensburg 93040 Regensburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Siewert JE, Schumann A, Hering-Junghans C. Phosphine-catalysed reductive coupling of dihalophosphanes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15111-15117. [PMID: 34611690 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03095g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Classically tetraaryl diphosphanes have been synthesized through Wurtz-type reductive coupling of halophosphanes R2PX or more recently, through the dehydrocoupling of phosphines R2PH. Catalytic variants of the dehydrocoupling reaction have been reported, but are limited to R2PH compounds. Using PEt3 as a catalyst, we now show that TipPBr2 (Tip = 2,4,6-iPr3C6H2) is selectively coupled to give the dibromodiphosphane (TipPBr)2 (1), a compound not accessible using classic Mg reduction. Surprisingly, when using DipPBr2 (Dip = 2,6-iPr3C6H3) in the PEt3 catalysed reductive coupling the diphosphene (PDip)2 (2) with a PP double was formed selectively. In benzene solutions (PDip)2 has a half life time of ca. 28 days and can be utilized with NHCs to access NHC-phosphinidene adducts. To show that this protocol is more widely applicable, we show that Ph2PCl and Mes2PX (X = Cl, Br) are efficiently coupled using 10 mol% of PEt3 to give (Ph2P)2 and (Mes2P)2, respectively. Control experiments show that [BrPEt3]Br is a potential oxidation product in the catalytic cycle, which can be debrominated by Zn dust as a sacrificial reductant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | - André Schumann
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), A.-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou L, Zhang D, Hu J, Wu Y, Geng J, Hu X. Thermal Dehydrogenation and Hydrolysis of BH3NH3 Catalyzed by Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Iridium Complexes under Mild Conditions. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dejin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinling Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youting Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Geng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xingbang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang G, Morrison D, Bao G, Yu H, Yoon CW, Song T, Lee J, Ung AT, Huang Z. An Amine–Borane System Featuring Room‐Temperature Dehydrogenation and Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202017302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Zhang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Daniel Morrison
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Guochen Bao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health University of Wollongong Northfields Ave Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia
| | - Chang Won Yoon
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyong Song
- Hydrogen Research Center KOGAS Research Institute Incheon 21993 Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Hydrogen Research Center KOGAS Research Institute Incheon 21993 Republic of Korea
| | - Alison T. Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney Ultimo NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney Ultimo New South Wales 2007 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pomogaeva AV, Timoshkin AY. Stability and Electronic Structure of Donor-Acceptor Stabilized Group 13/15 Oligomers. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3415-3424. [PMID: 33861081 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structures and thermodynamic characteristics of chain inorganic group 13-15 oligomers [H2MEH2]n (M = B, Al, Ga, E = P, As; n = 4-15) are presented. Donor-acceptor interaction with both Lewis acids and Lewis bases effectively stabilizes chain isomers with respect to spontaneous cyclization and significantly changes their electronic structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Pomogaeva
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang G, Morrison D, Bao G, Yu H, Yoon CW, Song T, Lee J, Ung AT, Huang Z. An Amine-Borane System Featuring Room-Temperature Dehydrogenation and Regeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11725-11729. [PMID: 33844369 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202017302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Amine-borane complexes have been extensively studied as hydrogen storage materials. Herein, we report a new amine-borane system featuring a reversible dehydrogenation and regeneration at room temperature. In addition to high purity H2 , the reaction between ethylenediamine bisborane (EDAB) and ethylenediamine (ED) leads to unique boron-carbon-nitrogen 5-membered rings in the dehydrogenation product where one boron is tricoordinated by three nitrogen atoms. Owing to the unique cyclic structure, the dehydrogenation product can be efficiently converted back to EDAB by NaBH4 and H2 O at room temperature. This finding could lead to the discovery of new amine boranes with potential usage as hydrogen storage materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Zhang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Daniel Morrison
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Guochen Bao
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Haibo Yu
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry & Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine & Health, University of Wollongong, Northfields Ave, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Chang Won Yoon
- Center for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekyong Song
- Hydrogen Research Center, KOGAS Research Institute, Incheon, 21993, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- Hydrogen Research Center, KOGAS Research Institute, Incheon, 21993, Republic of Korea
| | - Alison T Ung
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Devillard M, De Albuquerque Pinheiro CA, Caytan E, Roiland C, Dinoi C, Del Rosal I, Alcaraz G. Uncatalyzed Formation of Polyaminoboranes from Diisopropylaminoborane and Primary Amines: a Kinetically Controlled Polymerization Reaction. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devillard
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| | | | - Elsa Caytan
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| | - Claire Roiland
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| | - Chiara Dinoi
- LPCNO CNRS & INSA Universitć de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO CNRS & INSA Universitć de Toulouse 135 avenue de Rangueil 31077 Toulouse France
| | - Gilles Alcaraz
- Univ Rennes CNRS ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) 35000 Rennes France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hasche P, Haak J, Anke F, Kubis C, Baumann W, Drexler HJ, Jiao H, Beweries T. Dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane using highly active rhodium(iii) bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes: catalytic and mechanistic insights. Catal Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy00124h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The bis(thiophosphinite) pincer complexes [(RPSCSPR)Rh(py)(H)(Cl)] (RPSCSPR = C6H4–2,6-(SPR2)2 with R = iPr, 2a and R = Ph, 2b) are highly active precatalysts for the dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hasche
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Julia Haak
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Felix Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Christoph Kubis
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | | | | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT)
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Resendiz-Lara DA, Annibale VT, Knights AW, Chitnis SS, Manners I. High Molar Mass Poly(alkylphosphinoboranes) via Iron-Catalyzed Dehydropolymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vincent T. Annibale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Alastair W. Knights
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Saurabh S. Chitnis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Li H, Ju M, Kang J, Zhou AJ, Guan HY, Austin DJ, Yue Y. Facile cyclization of sodium aminodiboranate to construct a boron-nitrogen-hydrogen ring. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:16662-16666. [PMID: 33196721 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03398g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A facile and efficient cyclization of sodium aminodiboranate to construct a boron-nitrogen-hydrogen ring is presented. This new strategy can be developed into a general method to prepare aminodiborane and its derivatives. Theoretical calculations show that a one-step cyclization mechanism is favored, where the dihydrogen bond plays an important role.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohammadnezhad G, Abad S, Farrokhpour H, Görls H, Plass W. Electrocatalytic property, anticancer activity, and density functional theory calculation of [NiCl(P^N^P)]Cl.EtOH. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Abad
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Hossein Farrokhpour
- Department of Chemistry Isfahan University of Technology Isfahan 84156‐83111 Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Helmar Görls
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humboldtstr. 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| | - Winfried Plass
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry Friedrich‐Schiller‐Universität Jena Humboldtstr. 8 Jena 07743 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Anke F, Boye S, Spannenberg A, Lederer A, Heller D, Beweries T. Dehydropolymerisation of Methylamine Borane and an N-Substituted Primary Amine Borane Using a PNP Fe Catalyst. Chemistry 2020; 26:7889-7899. [PMID: 32118328 PMCID: PMC7383739 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Dehydropolymerisation of methylamine borane (H3 B⋅NMeH2 ) using the well-known iron amido complex [(PNP)Fe(H)(CO)] (PNP=N(CH2 CH2 PiPr2 )2 ) (1) gives poly(aminoborane)s by a chain-growth mechanism. In toluene, rapid dehydrogenation of H3 B⋅NMeH2 following first-order behaviour as a limiting case of a more general underlying Michaelis-Menten kinetics is observed, forming aminoborane H2 B=NMeH, which selectively couples to give high-molecular-weight poly(aminoborane)s (H2 BNMeH)n and only traces of borazine (HBNMe)3 by depolymerisation after full conversion. Based on a series of comparative experiments using structurally related Fe catalysts and dimethylamine borane (H3 B⋅NMe2 H) polymer formation is proposed to occur by nucleophilic chain growth as reported earlier computationally and experimentally. A silyl functionalised primary borane H3 B⋅N(CH2 SiMe3 )H2 was studied in homo- and co-dehydropolymerisation reactions to give the first examples for Si containing poly(aminoborane)s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung DresdenHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung DresdenHohe Str. 601069DresdenGermany
- Technische Universität Dresden01062DresdenGermany
| | - Detlef Heller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V.Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a18059RostockGermany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ryan DE, Andrea KA, Race JJ, Boyd TM, Lloyd-Jones GC, Weller AS. Amine–Borane Dehydropolymerization Using Rh-Based Precatalysts: Resting State, Chain Control, and Efficient Polymer Synthesis. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kori A. Andrea
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - James J. Race
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Research Laboratories, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Morris LJ, Hill MS, Mahon MF, Manners I, Patrick BO. Alkaline-Earth Derivatives of Diphenylphosphine–Borane. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hasenbeck M, Becker J, Gellrich U. Efficient Organocatalytic Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Borane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1590-1594. [PMID: 31573726 PMCID: PMC7003781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dehydrogenation of ammonia borane by sterically encumbered pyridones as organocatalysts is reported. With 6‐tert‐butyl‐2‐thiopyridone as the catalyst, a turnover frequency (TOF) of 88 h−1 was achieved. Experimental mechanistic investigations, substantiated by DLPNO‐CCSD(T) computations, indicate a mechanistic scenario that commences with the protonation of a B−H bond by the mercaptopyridine form of the catalyst. The reactive intermediate formed by this initial protonation was observed by NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structure of a surrogate determined by SCXRD. An intramolecular proton transfer in this intermediate from the NH3 group to the pyridine ring with concomitant breaking of the S−B bond regenerates the thiopyridone and closes the catalytic cycle. This step can be described as an inorganic retro‐ene reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Hasenbeck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Boyd TM, Andrea KA, Baston K, Johnson A, Ryan DE, Weller AS. A simple cobalt-based catalyst system for the controlled dehydropolymerisation of H3B·NMeH2 on the gram-scale. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:482-485. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08864d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A simple Co-based catalyst system promotes the efficient and controlled dehydropolymerisation of amine–boranes on scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Kori A. Andrea
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Katherine Baston
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Alice Johnson
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - David E. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry
- Chemistry Research Laboratories
- University of Oxford
- Oxford
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tunç N, Rakap M. Surfactant-aided synthesis of RhCo nanoclusters as highly effective and recyclable catalysts for the hydrolysis of methylamine borane and dimethylamine borane. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy01472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the first ever and easy surfactant-aided synthesis of CTAB-stabilized Rh0.63Co0.37 and their employment as highly efficient, cost-saving, and recyclable catalysts to generate hydrogen from the hydrolysis of MeAB and DMAB are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Tunç
- Department of Chemistry
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University
- Van
- Turkey
| | - Murat Rakap
- Maritime Faculty
- Van Yuzuncu Yil University
- Van
- Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hasenbeck M, Becker J, Gellrich U. Effiziente organokatalytische Dehydrierung von Amminboran. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Hasenbeck
- Institut für Organische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Jonathan Becker
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| | - Urs Gellrich
- Institut für Organische Chemie Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 35392 Gießen Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
LaPierre EA, Patrick BO, Manners I. Trivalent Titanocene Alkyls and Hydrides as Well-Defined, Highly Active, and Broad Scope Precatalysts for Dehydropolymerization of Amine-Boranes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:20009-20015. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne A. LaPierre
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Spearing-Ewyn EAK, Beattie NA, Colebatch AL, Martinez-Martinez AJ, Docker A, Boyd TM, Baillie G, Reed R, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. The role of neutral Rh(PONOP)H, free NMe 2H, boronium and ammonium salts in the dehydrocoupling of dimethylamine-borane using the cationic pincer [Rh(PONOP)(η 2-H 2)] + catalyst. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14724-14736. [PMID: 31538996 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03358k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The σ-amine-borane pincer complex [Rh(PONOP)(η1-H3B·NMe3)][BArF4] [2, PONOP = κ3-NC5H3-2,6-(OPtBu2)2] is prepared by addition of H3B·NMe3 to the dihydrogen precursor [Rh(PONOP)(η2-H2)][BArF4], 1. In a similar way the related H3B·NMe2H complex [Rh(PONOP)(η1-H3B·NMe2H)][BArF4], 3, can be made in situ, but this undergoes dehydrocoupling to reform 1 and give the aminoborane dimer [H2BNMe2]2. NMR studies on this system reveal an intermediate neutral hydride forms, Rh(PONOP)H, 4, that has been prepared independently. 1 is a competent catalyst (2 mol%, ∼30 min) for the dehydrocoupling of H3B·Me2H. Kinetic, mechanistic and computational studies point to the role of NMe2H in both forming the neutral hydride, via deprotonation of a σ-amine-borane complex and formation of aminoborane, and closing the catalytic cycle by reprotonation of the hydride by the thus-formed dimethyl ammonium [NMe2H2]+. Competitive processes involving the generation of boronium [H2B(NMe2H)2]+ are also discussed, but shown to be higher in energy. Off-cycle adducts between [NMe2H2]+ or [H2B(NMe2H)2]+ and amine-boranes are also discussed that act to modify the kinetics of dehydrocoupling.
Collapse
|
37
|
Elsby MR, Ghostine K, Das UK, Gabidullin BM, Baker RT. Iron-SNS and -CNS Complexes: Selective Caryl–S Bond Cleavage and Amine-Borane Dehydrogenation Catalysis. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Elsby
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Karine Ghostine
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Uttam K. Das
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | | | - R. Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Brosge F, Lorenz T, Helten H, Bolm C. BN- and BO-Doped Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers with Sulfoximine Core Units. Chemistry 2019; 25:12708-12711. [PMID: 31433083 PMCID: PMC6790941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
While polysulfones constitute a class of well-established, highly valuable applied materials, knowledge about polymers based on the related sulfoximine group is very limited. We have employed functionalized diaryl sulfoximines and a p-phenylene bisborane as building blocks for unprecedented BN- and BO-doped alternating inorganic-organic hybrid copolymers. While the former were accessed by a facile silicon/boron exchange protocol, the synthesis of polymers with main-chain B-O linkages was achieved by salt elimination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Brosge
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lorenz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Morris LJ, Whittell GR, Eloi JC, Mahon MF, Marken F, Manners I, Hill MS. Ferrocene-Containing Polycarbosilazanes via the Alkaline-Earth-Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling of Silanes and Amines. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis J. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Charles Eloi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mary F. Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Marken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Michael S. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Resendiz-Lara DA, Whittell GR, Leitao EM, Manners I. Catalytic Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Polyaminoborane Homopolymers and Random Copolymers. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - George R. Whittell
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Erin M. Leitao
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 3V6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ja'o AM, Masters SL, Wann DA, Rankine CD, Nunes JPF, Guillemin JC. Direct Experimental Observation of in situ Dehydrogenation of an Amine-Borane System Using Gas Electron Diffraction. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7104-7112. [PMID: 31314528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ dehydrogenation of azetidine-BH3, which is a candidate for hydrogen storage, was observed with the parent and dehydrogenated analogue subjected to rigorous structural and thermochemical investigations. The structural analyses utilized gas electron diffraction supported by high-level quantum calculations, while the pathway for the unimolecular hydrogen release reaction in the absence and presence of BH3 as a bifunctional catalyst was predicted at the CBS-QB3 level. The catalyzed dehydrogenation pathway has a barrier lower than the predicted B-N bond dissociation energy, hence favoring the dehydrogenation process over the dissociation of the complex. The predicted enthalpy of dehydrogenation at the CCSD(T)/CBS level indicates that mild reaction conditions would be required for hydrogen release and that the compound is closer to thermoneutral than linear amine boranes. The entropy and free energy change for the dehydrogenation process show that the reaction is exergonic, energetically feasible, and will proceed spontaneously toward hydrogen release, all of which are important factors for hydrogen storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aliyu M Ja'o
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4100 , Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Masters
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences , University of Canterbury , Private Bag 4100 , Christchurch 8140 , New Zealand
| | - Derek A Wann
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York , YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - Conor D Rankine
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York , YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - João P F Nunes
- Department of Chemistry , University of York , Heslington, York , YO10 5DD , U.K
| | - Jean-Claude Guillemin
- Univ Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR6226 , Rennes F-35000 , France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Knights AW, Chitnis SS, Manners I. Photolytic, radical-mediated hydrophosphination: a convenient post-polymerisation modification route to P-di(organosubstituted) polyphosphinoboranes [RR'PBH 2] n. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7281-7289. [PMID: 31588298 PMCID: PMC6686642 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc01428d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers with a phosphorus-boron main chain have attracted interest as novel inorganic materials with potentially useful properties since the 1950s. Although examples have recently been shown to be accessible via several routes, the materials reported so far have been limited to P-mono(organosubstituted) materials, [RHPBH2] n , containing P-H groups. Here we report a general route for the post-polymerisation modification of such polyphosphinoboranes giving access to a large range of previously unknown examples featuring P-disubstituted units. Insertion of alkenes, R'CH[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2 into the P-H bonds of poly(phenylphosphinoborane), [PhHPBH2] n was facilitated by irradiation under UV light in the presence of the photoinitiator 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPAP) and (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) under benchtop conditions giving high molar mass, air-stable polymers [PhR'PBH2] n with controlled functionalisation and tunable material properties. The mechanistic explanation for the favourable effect of the addition of TEMPO was also investigated and was proposed to be a consequence of reversible binding to radical species formed from the photolysis of DMPAP. This new methodology was also extended to the formation of crosslinked gels and to water-soluble bottlebrush copolymers showcasing applicability to form a wide range of polyphosphinoborane-based soft materials with tunable properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair W Knights
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , BS8 1TS , UK
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , BS8 1TS , UK
- Department of Chemistry , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS B3H 4R2 , Canada
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry , University of Bristol , Cantock's Close , BS8 1TS , UK
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Victoria , BC V8W 2Y2 , Canada .
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Knitsch R, Han D, Anke F, Ibing L, Jiao H, Hansen MR, Beweries T. Fe(II) Hydride Complexes for the Homogeneous Dehydrocoupling of Hydrazine Borane: Catalytic Mechanism via DFT Calculations and Detailed Spectroscopic Characterization. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Knitsch
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Delong Han
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Anke
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lukas Ibing
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
- MEET Battery Research
Center, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 46, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Homo- and heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines mediated by alkali metal catalysts. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2786. [PMID: 31243267 PMCID: PMC6594957 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalytic chemistry that involves the activation and transformation of main group substrates is relatively undeveloped and current examples are generally mediated by expensive transition metal species. Herein, we describe the use of inexpensive and readily available tBuOK as a catalyst for P-P and P-E (E = O, S, or N) bond formation. Catalytic quantities of tBuOK in the presence of imine, azobenzene hydrogen acceptors, or a stoichiometric amount of tBuOK with hydrazobenzene, allow efficient homodehydrocoupling of phosphines under mild conditions (e.g. 25 °C and < 5 min). Further studies demonstrate that the hydrogen acceptors play an intimate mechanistic role. We also show that our tBuOK catalysed methodology is general for the heterodehydrocoupling of phosphines with alcohols, thiols and amines to generate a range of potentially useful products containing P-O, P-S, or P-N bonds.
Collapse
|
46
|
Dosso J, Marinelli D, Demitri N, Bonifazi D. Structural Properties of Highly Doped Borazino Polyphenylenes Obtained through Condensation Reaction. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9343-9351. [PMID: 31460023 PMCID: PMC6649256 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the synthesis and spectroscopic and structural characterization of various borazine-doped polyphenylenes displaying high doping dosages (16-18%). Capitalizing on the condensation reaction approach, the desired products were formed using a mixture of p-phenylendiamine and aniline with BCl3, followed by the addition of an aryl lithium derivative. The use of mesityl lithium (MesLi) yields strained multiborazine derivatives, which proved to be unstable in the presence of moisture. However, when xylyl lithium (XylLi) was used, chemically stable multiborazines were obtained, with oligomers showing molecular weight up to 104, corresponding to 16-18 monomer units. While the dimer, trimer, and tetramer could be isolated as pure products and their structure characterized by mass and NMR analysis, higher oligomers could only be isolated as mixtures of B-hydroxy-substituted derivatives and characterized by gel permeation chromatography. The structures of the dimer and trimer derivatives were confirmed by X-ray analysis, which nicely showed the presence of the two and three borazine rings spaced by one and two 1,4-aryl bridges, respectively. Notably, the trimer forms a porous crystalline clathrate. The peripheral xylyl and phenyl moieties of each molecule intramolecularly embrace each other through C-H and π-π stacking interactions. Steady-state UV-vis absorption characterization suggested that the molecules are UV absorbers, with the extinction coefficient linearly scaling with the degree of oligomerization. On the other hand, low-emission quantum yields were obtained for all derivatives (<7%), suggesting that high BN-doping dosages dramatically affect the emission properties of the doped polyphenylenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Dosso
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Davide Marinelli
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra-Sincrotrone
Trieste, S. S. 14 km
163.5 in Area Science Park, Basovizza 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Elias J, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Boron-Boron Dehydrocoupling of Boranes Initiated by Reaction with Iodine. Chemistry 2019; 25:6553-6561. [PMID: 30821401 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A new boron-boron dehydrocoupling strategy was established, providing convenient access to some diborane(4) compounds starting from simple borane adducts under mild conditions. In contrast to the traditional pathway using a reducing reagent, the reduction from BIII to BII was paradoxically initiated by the addition of the oxidation-reagent iodine. A reaction pathway for this unusual reaction was proposed based on quantum-chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Elias
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Adams GM, Ryan DE, Beattie NA, McKay AI, Lloyd-Jones GC, Weller AS. Dehydropolymerization of H 3B·NMeH 2 Using a [Rh(DPEphos)] + Catalyst: The Promoting Effect of NMeH 2. ACS Catal 2019; 9:3657-3666. [PMID: 30984472 PMCID: PMC6454579 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
[Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4]
acts as an effective precatalyst
for the dehydropolymerization of H3B·NMeH2 to form N-methylpolyaminoborane (H2BNMeH)n. Control of polymer molecular weight is
achieved by variation of precatalyst loading (0.1–1 mol %,
an inverse relationship) and use of the chain-modifying agent H2: with Mn ranging between 5 500
and 34 900 g/mol and Đ between 1.5 and
1.8. H2 evolution studies (1,2-F2C6H4 solvent) reveal an induction period that gets longer
with higher precatalyst loading and complex kinetics with a noninteger
order in [Rh]TOTAL. Speciation studies at 10 mol % indicate
the initial formation of the amino–borane bridged dimer, [Rh2(κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(μ-H)(μ-H2BN=HMe)][BArF4], followed by the crystallographically
characterized amidodiboryl complex [Rh2(cis-κ2-PP-DPEphos)2(σ,μ-(H2B)2NHMe)][BArF4]. Adding
∼2 equiv of NMeH2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution
to the precatalyst removes this induction period, pseudo-first-order
kinetics are observed, a half-order relationship to [Rh]TOTAL is revealed with regard to dehydrogenation, and polymer molecular
weights are increased (e.g., Mn = 40 000
g/mol). Speciation studies suggest that NMeH2 acts to form
the precatalysts [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(NMeH2)2][BArF4] and [Rh(κ2-DPEphos)(H)2(NMeH2)2][BArF4], which were independently synthesized and shown to
follow very similar dehydrogenation kinetics, and produce polymers
of molecular weight comparable with [Rh(κ2-PP-DPEphos){η2-H2B(NMe3)(CH2)2tBu}][BArF4], which has been doped
with amine. This promoting effect of added amine in situ is shown
to be general in other cationic Rh-based systems, and possible mechanistic
scenarios are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma M. Adams
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Ryan
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas A. Beattie
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair I. McKay
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Guy C. Lloyd-Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Chemistry Research Laboratories, Mansfield Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oldroyd NL, Chitnis SS, Annibale VT, Arz MI, Sparkes HA, Manners I. Metal-free dehydropolymerisation of phosphine-boranes using cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes as hydrogen acceptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1370. [PMID: 30914640 PMCID: PMC6435733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The divalent carbene carbon centre in cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs) is known to exhibit transition-metal-like insertion into E-H σ-bonds (E = H, N, Si, B, P, C, O) with formation of new, strong C-E and C-H bonds. Although subsequent transformations of the products represent an attractive strategy for metal-free synthesis, few examples have been reported. Herein we describe the dehydrogenation of phosphine-boranes, RR'PH·BH3, using a CAAC, which behaves as a stoichiometric hydrogen acceptor to release monomeric phosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2], under mild conditions. The latter species are transient intermediates that either polymerise to the corresponding polyphosphinoboranes, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = H, Ph or Et), or are trapped in the form of CAAC-phosphinoborane adducts, CAAC·H2BPRR' (R = R' = tBu; R = R' = Mes). In contrast to previously established methods such as transition metal-catalysed dehydrocoupling, which only yield P-monosubstituted polymers, [RHPBH2]n, the CAAC-mediated route also provides access to P-disubstituted polymers, [RR'PBH2]n (R = Ph; R' = Ph or Et).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Oldroyd
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Saurabh S Chitnis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, 6274 Coburg Road, P.O. 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Vincent T Annibale
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Marius I Arz
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Hazel A Sparkes
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Ian Manners
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3V6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Helten H. Doping the Backbone of π‐Conjugated Polymers with Tricoordinate Boron: Synthetic Strategies and Emerging Applications. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:919-935. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201900016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Helten
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52056 Aachen Germany
| |
Collapse
|