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Fu Y, Alachouzos G, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Triplet-Triplet Energy Transfer: A Simple Strategy for an Efficient Visible Light-Induced Photoclick Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319321. [PMID: 38511339 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Photoclick reactions combine the advantages offered by light-driven processes and classical click chemistry and have found applications ranging from surface functionalization, polymer conjugation, photo-crosslinking, and protein labeling. Despite these advances, the dependency of most of the photoclick reactions on UV light poses a severe obstacle for their general implementation, as this light can be absorbed by other molecules in the system resulting in their degradation or unwanted reactivity. However, the development of a simple and efficient system to achieve bathochromically shifted photoclick transformations remains challenging. Here, we introduce triplet-triplet energy transfer as a fast and selective way to enable visible light-induced photoclick reactions. Specifically, we show that 9,10-phenanthrenequinones (PQs) can efficiently react with electron-rich alkenes (ERAs) in the presence of a catalytic amount (as little as 5 mol %) of photosensitizers. The photocycloaddition reaction can be achieved under green (530 nm) or orange (590 nm) light irradiation, representing a bathochromic shift of over 100 nm as compared to the classical PQ-ERAs system. Furthermore, by combining appropriate reactants, we establish an orthogonal, blue and green light-induced photoclick reaction system in which the product distribution can be precisely controlled by the choice of the color of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM-CNR, via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Hu F, Zhang C, Liu Z, Xie X, Zhao X, Luo Y, Fu J, Li B, Hu C, Su Z, Yu Z. Photoswitchable and long-lived seven-membered cyclic singlet diradicals for the bioorthogonal photoclick reaction. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13254-13264. [PMID: 38023496 PMCID: PMC10664533 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03675h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annularly 1,3-localized singlet diradicals are energetic and homolytic intermediates, but commonly too short-lived for widespread utilization. Herein, we describe a direct observation of a long-lived and seven-membered singlet diradical, oxepine-3,6-dione-2,7-diyl (OXPID), via spectroscopic experiments and also theoretical evidence from computational studies, which is generated via photo-induced ring-expansion of 2,3-diaryl-1,4-naphthoquinone epoxide (DNQO). The photo-generated OXPID reverts to the thermally stable σ-bonded DNQO with t1/2 in the μs level, thus constituting a novel class of T-type molecular photoswitches with high light-energy conversion efficiency (η = 7.8-33%). Meanwhile, the OXPID is equilibrated to a seven-membered cyclic 1,3-dipole as an electronic tautomer that can be captured by ring-strained dipolarophiles with an ultrafast cycloaddition rate (k2CA up to 109 M-1 s-1). The T-type photoswitchable DNQO is then exploited to be a highly selective and recyclable photoclick reagent, enabling spatiotemporal-resolved bioorthogonal ligation on living cell membranes via a tailored DNQO-Cy3 probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Cefei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Yanju Luo
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jielin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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3
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Fu Y, Alachouzos G, Simeth NA, Di Donato M, Hilbers MF, Buma WJ, Szymanski W, Feringa BL. Establishing PQ-ERA photoclick reactions with unprecedented efficiency by engineering of the nature of the phenanthraquinone triplet state. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7465-7474. [PMID: 37449069 PMCID: PMC10337724 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01760e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The light-induced photocycloaddition of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PQ) with electron-rich alkenes (ERA), known as the PQ-ERA reaction, is a highly attractive photoclick reaction characterized by high selectivity, external non-invasive control with light and biocompatibility. The conventionally used PQ compounds show limited reactivity, which hinders the overall efficiency of the PQ-ERA reaction. To address this issue, we present in this study a simple strategy to boost the reactivity of the PQ triplet state to further enhance the efficiency of the PQ-ERA reaction, enabled by thiophene substitution at the 3-position of the PQ scaffold. Our investigations show that this substitution pattern significantly increases the population of the reactive triplet state (3ππ*) during excitation of 3-thiophene PQs. This results in a superb photoreaction quantum yield (ΦP, up to 98%), high second order rate constants (k2, up to 1974 M-1 s-1), and notable oxygen tolerance for the PQ-ERA reaction system. These results have been supported by both experimental transient absorption data and theoretical calculations, providing further evidence for the effectiveness of this strategy, and offering fine prospects for fast and efficient photoclick transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Fu
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Georgios Alachouzos
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Nadja A Simeth
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy) Via N. Carrara 1 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
- ICCOM-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI) Italy
| | - Michiel F Hilbers
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Wybren Jan Buma
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University Toernooiveld 7c 6525 ED Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen Hanzeplein 1 9713 GZ Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Centre for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty for Science and Engineering, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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4
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Photodehydration mechanisms of quinone methide formation from 2-naphthol derivatives. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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5
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Xiong Q, Zheng T, Shen X, Li B, Fu J, Zhao X, Wang C, Yu Z. Expanding the functionality of proteins with genetically encoded dibenzo[ b, f][1,4,5]thiadiazepine: a photo-transducer for photo-click decoration. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3571-3581. [PMID: 35432856 PMCID: PMC8943893 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic incorporation of novel noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) that are specialized for the photo-click reaction allows the precisely orthogonal and site-specific functionalization of proteins in living cells under photo-control. However, the development of a r̲ing-strain i̲n situ l̲oadable d̲ipolarophile (RILD) as a genetically encodable reporter for photo-click bioconjugation with spatiotemporal controllability is quite rare. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a photo-switchable d̲ib̲enzo[b,f][1,4,5]t̲hiad̲iazepine-based a̲lanine (DBTDA) ncAA, together with the directed evolution of a pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNACUA pair (PylRS/tRNACUA), to encode the DBTDA into recombinant proteins as a RILD in living E. coli cells. The fast-responsive photo-isomerization of the DBTDA residue can be utilized as a converter of photon energy into ring-strain energy to oscillate the conformational changes of the parent proteins. Due to the photo-activation of RILD, the photo-switching of the DBTDA residue on sfGFP and OmpC is capable of promoting the photo-click ligation with diarylsydnone (DASyd) derived probes with high efficiency and selectivity. We demonstrate that the genetic code expansion (GCE) with DBTDA benefits the studies on the distribution of decorated OmpC-DBTD on specific E. coli cells under a spatiotemporal resolved photo-stimulation. The GCE for encoding DBTDA enables further functional diversity of artificial proteins in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Tingting Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Baolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Jielin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 P. R. China
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6
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Forjan M, Zgrablić G, Vdović S, Šekutor M, Basarić N, Kabacinski P, Nazari Haghighi Pashaki M, Frey HM, Cannizzo A, Cerullo G. Photogeneration of quinone methide from adamantylphenol in an ultrafast non-adiabatic dehydration reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4384-4393. [PMID: 35112685 PMCID: PMC8849006 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The ultrafast photochemical reaction of quinone methide (QM) formation from adamantylphenol was monitored in real time using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence upconversion in solution at room temperature. Experiments were complemented by theoretical studies simulating the reaction pathway and elucidating its mechanism. Excitation with sub-20 fs UV pulses and broadband probing revealed ultrafast formation of the long-lived QM intermediate directly in the ground state, occurring with a time constant of around 100 fs. UV-vis transient absorption data covering temporal dynamics from femtoseconds to hundreds of milliseconds revealed persistence of the absorption band assigned to QM and partially overlapped with other contributions tentatively assigned to triplet excited states of the adamantyl derivative and the phenoxyl radical that are clearly distinguished by their evolution on different time scales. Our data, together with the computations, provide evidence of a non-adiabatic photodehydration reaction, which leads to the formation of QM in the ground state via a conical intersection, circumventing the generation of a transient QM excited state. Photochemical formation of quinone methide from adamantylphenol was investigated computationally and experimentally, showing evidence of ultrafast non-adiabatic dehydration via a conical intersection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Forjan
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Goran Zgrablić
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvije Vdović
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička cesta 46, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Marina Šekutor
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Piotr Kabacinski
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Hans-Martin Frey
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
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7
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A versatile ring-closure method for efficient synthesis of cyclic polymer and tadpole-shaped copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Xie F, Jia X, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Jiang H, Yang H, Cao Y, Zhu R, Zhou B, Du J, Tang Y. Chemical trigger-enabled bioconjugation reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8343-8351. [PMID: 34518846 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01177d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of conceptually novel and practically useful bioconjugation reactions has been an intense pursuit of chemical biology research. Herein, we report an unprecedented bioconjugation reaction that hinges on a chemical trigger-enabled inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) cycloaddition of trans-cycloheptene (TCH) with tetrazine. Unlike the conventional strain-promoted bioconjugation reactions that utilize built-in strained alkenes as reactants, the current one features a "trigger-release-conjugate" reaction model, in which a highly strained TCH species is released from a bench-stable bicyclic N-nitrosourea (BNU) derivative upon treatment with an external stimulus. It is noteworthy that the reactivity-stability balance of BNU derivatives could be tuned by manipulating their N-1 substituents. As a proof-of-concept case, this new chemical trigger-enabled IEDDA reaction has been applied to in vitro protein labeling and pretargeted cell imaging. This work opens a new avenue to utilize BNU derivatives as a new class of chemical reporters in bioconjugate chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Xiangqian Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhu Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yunfei Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Haolin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Juanjuan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yefeng Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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9
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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10
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Abstract
The merging of click chemistry with discrete photochemical processes has led to the creation of a new class of click reactions, collectively known as photoclick chemistry. These light-triggered click reactions allow the synthesis of diverse organic structures in a rapid and precise manner under mild conditions. Because light offers unparalleled spatiotemporal control over the generation of the reactive intermediates, photoclick chemistry has become an indispensable tool for a wide range of spatially addressable applications including surface functionalization, polymer conjugation and cross-linking, and biomolecular labeling in the native cellular environment. Over the past decade, a growing number of photoclick reactions have been developed, especially those based on the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and Diels-Alder reactions owing to their excellent reaction kinetics, selectivity, and biocompatibility. This review summarizes the recent advances in the development of photoclick reactions and their applications in chemical biology and materials science. A particular emphasis is placed on the historical contexts and mechanistic insights into each of the selected reactions. The in-depth discussion presented here should stimulate further development of the field, including the design of new photoactivation modalities, the continuous expansion of λ-orthogonal tandem photoclick chemistry, and the innovative use of these unique tools in bioconjugation and nanomaterial synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangam Srikanth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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11
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Porte K, Riomet M, Figliola C, Audisio D, Taran F. Click and Bio-Orthogonal Reactions with Mesoionic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6718-6743. [PMID: 33238101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Click and bio-orthogonal reactions are dominated by cycloaddition reactions in general and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions in particular. Among the dipoles routinely used for click chemistry, azides, nitrones, isonitriles, and nitrile oxides are the most popular. This review is focused on the emerging click chemistry that uses mesoionic compounds as dipole partners. Mesoionics are a very old family of molecules, but their use as reactants for click and bio-orthogonal chemistry is quite recent. The facility to derivatize these dipoles and to tune their reactivity toward cycloaddition reactions makes mesoionics an attractive opportunity for future click chemistry development. In addition, some compounds from this family are able to undergo click-and-release reactions, finding interesting applications in cells, as well as in animals. This review covers the synthetic access to main mesoionics, their reaction with dipolarophiles, and recent applications in chemical biology and heterocycle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Porte
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Margaux Riomet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carlotta Figliola
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Davide Audisio
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédéric Taran
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SCBM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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12
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Zlatić K, Cindrić M, Antol I, Uzelac L, Mihaljević B, Kralj M, Basarić N. Wavelength dependent photochemistry of BODIPY-phenols and their applications in the fluorescent labeling of proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4891-4903. [PMID: 34106112 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00278c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of BODIPY dyes were synthesized, that were at the 3, or 3 and 5 positions, substituted by photochemically reactive quinone methide (QM) precursor moieties. Fluorescence properties of the molecules were investigated and we demonstrated that the molecules undergo wavelength dependent photochemistry. Photodeamination to deliver QMs takes place only upon excitation to higher excited singlet states, showing unusual anti-Kasha photochemical reactivity. The findings were corroborated by TD-DFT computations. Laser flash photolysis experiments could not reveal QMs due to the low efficiency of their formation, but enabled the detection of phenoxyl radicals. The applicability of the molecules for the fluorescent labeling of bovine serum albumin as a model protein upon photoexcitation at 350 nm was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Zlatić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Matej Cindrić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Antol
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Branka Mihaljević
- Division of Materials Chemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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13
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Photochemical Reactivity of Naphthol-Naphthalimide Conjugates and Their Biological Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113355. [PMID: 34199541 PMCID: PMC8199699 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinone methide precursors 1a–e, with different alkyl linkers between the naphthol and the naphthalimide chromophore, were synthesized. Their photophysical properties and photochemical reactivity were investigated and connected with biological activity. Upon excitation of the naphthol, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the naphthalimide takes place and the quantum yields of fluorescence are low (ΦF ≈ 10−2). Due to FRET, photodehydration of naphthols to QMs takes place inefficiently (ΦR ≈ 10−5). However, the formation of QMs can also be initiated upon excitation of naphthalimide, the lower energy chromophore, in a process that involves photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from the naphthol to the naphthalimide. Fluorescence titrations revealed that 1a and 1e form complexes with ct-DNA with moderate association constants Ka ≈ 105–106 M−1, as well as with bovine serum albumin (BSA) Ka ≈ 105 M−1 (1:1 complex). The irradiation of the complex 1e@BSA resulted in the alkylation of the protein, probably via QM. The antiproliferative activity of 1a–e against two human cancer cell lines (H460 and MCF 7) was investigated with the cells kept in the dark or irradiated at 350 nm, whereupon cytotoxicity increased, particularly for 1e (>100 times). Although the enhancement of this activity upon UV irradiation has no imminent therapeutic application, the results presented have importance in the rational design of new generations of anticancer phototherapeutics that absorb visible light.
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14
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Click chemistry strategies for the accelerated synthesis of functional macromolecules. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Kiliclar HC, Yilmaz G, Yagci Y. Visible Light Induced Step-Growth Polymerization by Substitution Reactions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000686. [PMID: 33570222 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A new visible light induced step-growth polymerization of dibromoxylene, and diols using dimanganese decacarbonyl and diphenyliodonium salt is described. The polymerization is suggested to proceed by substitution reaction between dixylenium cations formed upon visible light irradiation in the presence of dimanganese decacarbonyl and diphenyl iodonium salt. For the described substitution reaction with diols as nucleophilic component, the scope of the process is studied. Furthermore, the presence of halide groups at chain ends of the resulting polymers provided the possibility of initiating subsequent free radical and free radical promoted cationic resulting in the formation of polyether-based block copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Cem Kiliclar
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Gorkem Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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16
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Sim XM, Wang CG, Liu X, Goto A. Multistimuli Responsive Reversible Cross-Linking-Decross-Linking of Concentrated Polymer Brushes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:28711-28719. [PMID: 32515964 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Poly(furfuryl methacrylate) (PFMA) brushes were cross-linked using bismaleimide cross-linkers via the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction at 70 °C, generating cross-linked PFMA brushes (PFMA brush gels). The cross-linked PFMA brushes were decross-linked at 110 °C via the retro-Diels-Alder (rDA) reaction, offering the temperature-responsive reversible PFMA brush gels. The wettability of the brush was tunable by cross-linking and decross-linking. The use of a disulfide containing bismaleimide as a cross-linker gave the S-S bond at the cross-linking point. The S-S bond was cleaved upon thermal or photo stimulus and regenerated through oxidative stimulus, offering another reversible decross-linking/cross-linking pathway of the PFMA brush gel. The use of photo stimulus together with photomasks further offered patterned brushes with the cross-linked and decross-linked domains. The combination of the DA/rDA reactions and the reversible S-S bond cleavage provided multistimuli-responsive brush gels for switching the surface properties in unique manners. The reversible cross-linking, multiresponsiveness, access to patterned structures, and metal-free synthetic procedure are attractive features in the present approach for creating smart functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ming Sim
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Chen-Gang Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xu Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
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17
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18
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Zhang X, Zhang SQ, Li Q, Xiao F, Yue Z, Hong X, Lei X. Computation-Guided Development of the "Click" ortho-Quinone Methide Cycloaddition with Improved Kinetics. Org Lett 2020; 22:2920-2924. [PMID: 32255637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report here a deep mechanistic study of the "click" ortho-quinone methide (oQM) cycloaddition between ortho-quinolinone quinone methide (oQQM) and thio-vinyl ether (TV), named as TQ-ligation. DFT calculations revealed the unexpected fact that dehydration of oQQM precursors is the rate-determining step of this transformation, and two highly reactive oQQM precursors were predicted. Guided by the calculations, a new "click" oQM cycloaddition which shows significantly improved kinetics and remarkable efficiency on protein labeling was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuo-Qing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongwei Yue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Algarra M, Soto J, Pinto da Silva L, Pino-González MS, Rodríguez-Borges JE, Mascetti J, Borget F, Reisi-Vanani A, Luque R. Insights into the Photodecomposition of Azidomethyl Methyl Sulfide: A S 2/S 1 Conical Intersection on Nitrene Potential Energy Surfaces Leading to the Formation of S-Methyl- N-sulfenylmethanimine. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1911-1921. [PMID: 32053376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UV photodecomposition of azidomethyl methyl sulfide (AMMS) yields a transient S-methylthiaziridine which rapidly evolves to S-methyl-N-sulfenylmethanimine at 10 K. This species was detected by infrared matrix isolation spectroscopy. The mechanism of the photoreaction of AMMS has been investigated by a combined approach, using low-temperature matrix isolation FTIR spectroscopy in conjunction with two theoretical methods, namely, complete active space self-consistent field and multiconfigurational second-order perturbation. The key step of the reaction is governed by a S2/S1 conical intersection localized in the neighborhood of the singlet nitrene minimum which is formed in the first reaction step of the photolysis, that is, N2 elimination from AMMS. Full assignment of the observed infrared spectra of AMMS has been carried out based on comparison with density functional theory and second-order perturbation Møller-Plesset methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Algarra
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Juan Soto
- Department Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Luis Pinto da Silva
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.,LACOMEPHI, GreenUP, Department of Geosciences, Environment and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | | | - J Enrique Rodríguez-Borges
- Chemistry Research Unit (CIQUP), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences of University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 697, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joelle Mascetti
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, University Bordeaux, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Fabien Borget
- Physique des Interactions Ioniques et Moléculaires, Aix Marseille University, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Adel Reisi-Vanani
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, 87317-51167 Kashan, Iran
| | - Rafael Luque
- Department Organic Chemistry, University Córdoba, Edif. Marie Curie, Ctra N IVa Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain.,Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho Maklaya str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
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20
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Gao J, Xiong Q, Wu X, Deng J, Zhang X, Zhao X, Deng P, Yu Z. Direct ring-strain loading for visible-light accelerated bioorthogonal ligation via diarylsydnone-dibenzo[b,f ][1,4,5]thiadiazepine photo-click reactions. Commun Chem 2020; 3:29. [PMID: 36703431 PMCID: PMC9814081 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-0273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-fast and selective covalent-bond forming reactions with spatiotemporal controllability are foundational for developing a bioorthogonal approach with high manipulability. However, it is challenging to exploit a reporter functional group to achieve these requirements simultaneously. Here, 11H-Dibenzo[c,f][1,2]diazepine and a set of heterocyclic analogues are investigated for both their photo-switching natures and their ability to serve as dipolarophiles in photo-click reactions with diarylsydnone. Sulfur-containing dibenzothiadiazepine (DBTD) is discovered to be an excellent chemical reporter in cycloaddition with visible-light excitation for in-situ ring-strain loading via its (Z) → (E) photo-isomerization. The bioorthogonal utility of the DBTD tag in spatiotemporally controlled ligation for protein modifications on live cells is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshuo Gao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Xiong
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Xueting Wu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajie Deng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Pengchi Deng
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, 610064 Chengdu, China
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21
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Jiang S, Wu X, Liu H, Deng J, Zhang X, Yao Z, Zheng Y, Li B, Yu Z. Ring‐Strain‐Promoted Ultrafast Diaryltetrazole–Alkyne Photoclick Reactions Triggered by Visible Light. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Jiajie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhuojun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Yuanqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of EducationSichuan University 29 Wangjiang Road Chengdu 610064 China
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22
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Zlatić K, Antol I, Uzelac L, Mikecin Dražić AM, Kralj M, Bohne C, Basarić N. Labeling of Proteins by BODIPY-Quinone Methides Utilizing Anti-Kasha Photochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:347-351. [PMID: 31829548 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach for the photolabeling of proteins by a BODIPY fluorophore is reported that is based on an anti-Kasha photochemical reaction from an upper singlet excited state (Sn) leading to the deamination of the BODIPY quinone methide precursor. On the other hand, the high photochemical stability of the dye upon excitation by visible light to S1 allows for the selective fluorescence detection from the dye or dye-protein adduct, without concomitant bleaching or hydrolysis of the protein-dye adduct. Therefore, photolabeling and fluorescence monitoring can be uncoupled by using different excitation wavelengths. Combined theoretical and experimental studies by preparative irradiations, fluorescence, and laser flash photolysis fully disclose the photophysical properties of the dye and its anti-Kasha photochemical reactivity. The application of the dye was demonstrated on photolabeling of bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Zlatić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivana Antol
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Lidija Uzelac
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ana-Matea Mikecin Dražić
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Cornelia Bohne
- Department of Chemistry , University of Victoria , Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Related Technologies (CAMTEC) , University of Victoria , Box 1700 STN CSC, Victoria , British Columbia V8W 2Y2 , Canada
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Bijenička cesta 54 , 10000 Zagreb , Croatia
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23
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Zaquen N, Haven JJ, Rubens M, Altintas O, Bohländer P, Offenloch JT, Barner‐Kowollik C, Junkers T. Exploring the Photochemical Reactivity of Multifunctional Photocaged Dienes in Continuous Flow. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neomy Zaquen
- Organic and Bio-Polymer Chemistry (OBPC)Universiteit Hasselt Agoralaan Building D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Joris J. Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk VIC 3800 Melbourne Australia
| | - Maarten Rubens
- Organic and Bio-Polymer Chemistry (OBPC)Universiteit Hasselt Agoralaan Building D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk VIC 3800 Melbourne Australia
| | - Ozcan Altintas
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitut für Technische und PolymerchemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peggy Bohländer
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitut für Technische und PolymerchemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Janin T. Offenloch
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitut für Technische und PolymerchemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- School of ChemistryPhysics and Mechanical EngineeringQueensland University of Technology (QUT) 2 George St Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- Macromolecular ArchitecturesInstitut für Technische und PolymerchemieKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Organic and Bio-Polymer Chemistry (OBPC)Universiteit Hasselt Agoralaan Building D 3590 Diepenbeek Belgium
- Polymer Reaction Design GroupSchool of ChemistryMonash University 19 Rainforest Walk VIC 3800 Melbourne Australia
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24
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Minard A, Liano D, Wang X, Di Antonio M. The unexplored potential of quinone methides in chemical biology. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2298-2305. [PMID: 30955994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Quinone methides (QMs) are transient reactive species that can be efficiently generated from stable precursors under a variety of biocompatible conditions. Due to their electrophilic nature, QMs have been widely explored as cross-linking agents of DNA and proteins under physiological conditions. However, QMs also have a diene character and can irreversibly react via Diels-Alder reaction with electron-rich dienophiles. This particular reactivity has been recently exploited to label biomolecules with fluorophores in living cells. QMs are characterised by two unique properties that make them ideal candidates for chemical biology applications: i) they can be efficiently generated in situ from very stable precursors by means of bio-orthogonal protocols ii) they are reversible cross-linking agents, making them suitable for "catch and release" target-enrichment experiments. Nevertheless, there are only few examples reported to date that truly take advantage of QMs unique chemistry in the context of chemical-biology assay development. In this review, we will examine the most relevant examples that illustrate the benefit of using QMs for chemical biology purposes and we will anticipate novel approaches to further their applications in biologically relevant contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Minard
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - Denise Liano
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - Xiaofan Wang
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - Marco Di Antonio
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK.
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25
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Abstract
The bioorthogonal reaction toolbox contains approximately two-dozen unique chemistries that permit selective tagging and probing of biomolecules. Over the past two decades, significant effort has been devoted to optimizing and discovering bioorthogonal reagents that are faster, fluorogenic, and orthogonal to the already existing bioorthogonal repertoire. Conversely, efforts to explore bioorthogonal reagents whose reactivity can be controlled in space and/or time are limited. The "activatable" bioorthogonal reagents that do exist are often unimodal, meaning that their reagent's activation method cannot be easily modified to enable activation with red-shifted wavelengths, enzymes, or metabolic-byproducts and ions like H2O2 or Fe3+. Here, we summarize the available activatable bioorthogonal reagents with a focus on our recent addition: modular caged cyclopropenes. We designed caged cyclopropenes to be unreactive to their bioorthogonal partner until they are activated through the removal of the cage by light, an enzyme, or another reaction partner. To accomplish this, their structure includes a nitrogen atom at the cyclopropene C3 position that is decorated with the desired caging group through a carbamate linkage. This 3-N cyclopropene system can allow control of cyclopropene reactivity using a multitude of already available photo- and enzyme-caging groups. Additionally, this cyclopropene scaffold can enable metabolic-byproduct or ion activation of bioorthogonal reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Scott T Laughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States; Institute of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.
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26
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Kumru B, Barrio J, Zhang J, Antonietti M, Shalom M, Schmidt BVKJ. Robust Carbon Nitride-Based Thermoset Coatings for Surface Modification and Photochemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:9462-9469. [PMID: 30746936 PMCID: PMC6728114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the convenient visible light-induced photografting of hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate onto graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) is described, leading to well-dispersible g-CN-based precursor polymers that can be injected. Mixing with citric acid as the cross-linker and heating leads to stable thermoset coatings. The process is versatile and easy to perform, leading to g-CN-based coatings. Moreover, the coating can be further functionalized/modified via grafting of other polymer chains, and the resulting structure is useful as photocatalytic surface or as photoelectrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Kumru
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jesús Barrio
- Department
of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jianrui Zhang
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Antonietti
- Max
Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Menny Shalom
- Department
of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer-Sheva, Israel
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27
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Yao Z, Wu X, Zhang X, Xiong Q, Jiang S, Yu Z. Synthesis and evaluation of photo-activatable β-diarylsydnone-l-alanines for fluorogenic photo-click cyclization of peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6777-6781. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
β-Diarylsydnone-l-alanines were designed and introduced into peptides allowing photo-cyclization only in phosphate containing buffer with concomitant fluorescence generation in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuojun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xueting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Qin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610064
- P. R. China
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28
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Müller R, Feuerstein TJ, Trouillet V, Bestgen S, Roesky PW, Barner-Kowollik C. Spatially-Resolved Multiple Metallopolymer Surfaces by Photolithography. Chemistry 2018; 24:18933-18943. [PMID: 30357939 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A tetrazole-based photoligation protocol for the spatially-resolved encoding of various defined metallopolymers onto solid surfaces is introduced. By using this approach, fabrication of bi- and trifunctional metallopolymer surfaces with different metal combinations were achieved. Specifically, α-ω-functional copolymers containing bipyridine as well as triphenylphosphine ligands were synthesized through reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, and subsequently metal loaded to afford metallopolymers of the widely-used metals gold, palladium, and platinum. Spatially-resolved surface attachment was achieved by means of a nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition (NITEC) based photoligation protocol, exploiting tethered tetrazoles and metallopolymers equipped with a maleimide chain terminus. Metallopolymer coated surfaces with three different metals were prepared and characterized by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and spatially-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) mapping, supporting the preserved chemical composition of the surface-bound metallopolymers. The established photochemical technology platform for arbitrary spatially-resolved metallopolymer surface designs enables the patterning of multiple metallopolymers onto solid substrates. This allows for the assembly of designer metallopolymer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Müller
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas J Feuerstein
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bestgen
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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29
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Kumar R, Welle A, Becker F, Kopyeva I, Lahann J. Substrate-Independent Micropatterning of Polymer Brushes Based on Photolytic Deactivation of Chemical Vapor Deposition Based Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization Initiator Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31965-31976. [PMID: 30180547 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise microscale arrangement of biomolecules and cells is essential for tissue engineering, microarray development, diagnostic sensors, and fundamental research in the biosciences. Biofunctional polymer brushes have attracted broad interest in these applications. However, patterning approaches to creating microstructured biointerfaces based on polymer brushes often involve tedious, expensive, and complicated procedures that are specifically designed for model substrates. We report a substrate-independent, facile, and scalable technique with which to prepare micropatterned biofunctional brushes with the ability to generate binary chemical patterns. Employing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization, a functionalized polymer coating decorated with 2-bromoisobutyryl groups that act as atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiators was prepared and subsequently modified using UV light. The exposure of 2-bromoisobutyryl groups to UV light with wavelengths between 187 and 254 nm resulted in selective debromination, effectively eliminating the initiation of ATRP. In addition, when coatings incorporating both 2-bromoisobutyryl and primary amine groups were irradiated with UV light, the amines retained their functionality after UV treatment and could be conjugated to activated esters, facilitating binary chemical patterns. In contrast, polymer brushes were selectively grown from areas protected from UV treatment, as confirmed by atomic force microscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and imaging ellipsometry. Furthermore, spatial control over biomolecular adhesion was achieved in three ways: (1) patterned nonfouling brushes resulted in nonspecific protein adsorption to areas not covered with polymer brushes; (2) patterned brushes decorated with active binding sides gave rise to specific protein immobilization on areas presenting polymer brushes; (3) and primary amines were co-patterned along with clickable polymer brushes bearing pendant alkyne groups, leading to bifunctional reactivity. Because this novel technique is independent of the original substrate's physicochemical properties, it can be extended to technologically relevant substrates such as polystyrene, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinyl chloride, and steel. With further work, the photolytic deactivation of CVD-based initiator coatings promises to advance the utility of patterned biofunctional polymer brushes across a spectrum of biomedical applications.
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30
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Yao Z, Jiang S, Deng J, Li B, Yu Z. Discovery of Fluorogenic Diarylsydnone-Alkene Photoligation: Conversion of ortho-Dual-Twisted Diarylsydnones into Planar Pyrazolines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:7390-7394. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b02493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linmeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuojun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajie Deng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Petit C, Bangert LD, Abbasi M, Wilhelm M, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Stability of Diels–Alder photoadducts in macromolecules. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00748a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates the thermal stability of ligation points resulting from photochemically induced Diels–Alder reactions within soft matter materials on the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Petit
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Lukas D. Bangert
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Mahdi Abbasi
- Polymeric Materials
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Polymeric Materials
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76128 Karlsruhe
- Germany
| | - Anja S. Goldmann
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry
- Physics and Mechanical Engineering
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
- Brisbane
- Australia
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32
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Gegenhuber T, Abt D, Welle A, Özbek S, Goldmann AS, Barner-Kowollik C. Spatially resolved photochemical coding of reversibly anchored cysteine-rich domains. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:4993-5000. [PMID: 32264016 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel methodology to generate recodable surfaces using cysteine-rich domains (CRD) via a combination of photolithography and reversible covalently peptide-driven disulfide formation. Therefore, two 21mer CRD peptide derivatives were synthesized, one bearing an electron deficient fumarate group for immobilization via nitrile imine-ene mediated cycloaddition (NITEC) to a tetrazole-functional surface. Secondly, a bromine moiety is introduced to the CRD for analytic labelling purposes to detect surface encoding. The photolithography is conducted by selectively passivating the surface with a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-fumarate via NITEC using a photomask in a dotted pattern. Consecutively, the CRD-fumarate is immobilized via NITEC adjacent to the PEG-functional areas to the unaffected tetrazole covered surface layer. Subsequently, the CRD-bromide is covalently linked to the CRD-fumarate by forming disulfide bonds under mild reoxidative conditions in a buffer solution. The CRD-bromide is released from the surface upon reduction to recover the prior state of the surface without the bromine marker. The analysis of the CRD precursors is based on electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The surface analytics were carried out via time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), unambiguously verifying the successful immobilization as well as coding and decoding of the CRD-bromide on the surface based on dynamically reversible disulfide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gegenhuber
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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33
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Novak J, Prlj A, Basarić N, Corminboeuf C, Došlić N. Photochemistry of 1- and 2-Naphthols and Their Water Clusters: The Role of1ππ*(La) Mediated Hydrogen Transfer to Carbon Atoms. Chemistry 2017; 23:8244-8251. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jurica Novak
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Antonio Prlj
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nikola Basarić
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques; Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne; 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Nađa Došlić
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
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34
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Sai Reddy D, Mukhina OA, Cole Cronk W, Kutateladze AG. Polyheterocycle-carbohydrate chimeras: photoassisted synthesis of 2,5-epoxybenzoxacines and 2,5-epoxybenzazocine scaffolds and their postphotochemical hydroxylations. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2016-0915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhotoassisted synthesis of complex polyheterocyclic molecular architectures via excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) is for the first time implemented for the reactions of o-keto phenols. This adds the 2,5-epoxybenzoxacine core to the previously obtained 2,5-epoxybenzazocine cores and offers rapid access to primary photoproducts which lend themselves to diverse yet simple postphotochemical modifications to further grow the complexity of the target structures, specifically – access to polyheterocycle-carbohydrate chimeras containing up to five contiguous stereogenic centers and benzazocine or benzoxacine heterocyclic cores.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Sai Reddy
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Olga A. Mukhina
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - W. Cole Cronk
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Andrei G. Kutateladze
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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35
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Guo W, Xiong L, Reese CM, Amato DV, Thompson BJ, Logan PK, Patton DL. Post-polymerization modification of styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer brushes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01659j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Amine-anhydride reactions on polymer brushes provide a modular post-modification strategy to functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Li Xiong
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Cassandra M. Reese
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Douglas V. Amato
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Brittany J. Thompson
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Phillip K. Logan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
| | - Derek L. Patton
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Southern Mississippi
- Hattiesburg
- USA
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36
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Buhl M, Tesch M, Lamping S, Moratz J, Studer A, Ravoo BJ. Preparation of Functional Alternating Polymer Brushes and Their Orthogonal Surface Modification through Microcontact Printing. Chemistry 2016; 23:6042-6047. [PMID: 27797131 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports microcontact printing (μCP) to immobilize an alkoxyamine initiator (regulator) on glass and silicon substrates and subsequent surface-initiated alternating nitroxide-mediated copolymerization (siNMP) of hexafluoroisopropyl acrylate (HFIPA) and 7-octenylvinyl ether (OVE). The resulting patterned polymer brushes are analyzed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM). In addition, site-specific post-functionalization of the alternating polymer brushes by applying two orthogonal surface reactions is achieved with thiols and amines through μCP. The versatility of this post-polymerization modification approach is demonstrated by site-selective immobilization of small organic molecules, fluorophores, and ligands providing a binary bioactive surface. The successful side-by-side orthogonal immobilization is verified by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Buhl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Matthias Tesch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lamping
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johanna Moratz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bart Jan Ravoo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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37
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Hiltebrandt K, Elies K, D'hooge DR, Blinco JP, Barner-Kowollik C. A Light-Activated Reaction Manifold. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:7048-54. [PMID: 27151599 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b01805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce an efficient reaction manifold where the rate of a thermally induced ligation can be controlled by a photonic field via two competing reaction channels. The effectiveness of the reaction manifold is evidenced by following the transformations of macromolecular chain termini via high-resolution mass spectrometry and subsequently by selective block copolymer formation. The light-controlled reaction manifold consists of a so-called o-quinodimethane species, a photocaged diene, that reacts in the presence of light with suitable enes in a Diels-Alder reaction and undergoes a transformation into imines with amines in the absence of light. The chemical selectivity of the manifold is controlled by the amount of ene present in the reaction and can be adjusted from 100% imine formation (0% photo product) to 5% imine formation (95% photo product). The reported light-controlled reaction manifold is highly attractive because a simple external field is used to switch the selectivity of specific reaction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hiltebrandt
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Katharina Elies
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Chemistry, Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University , Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Gent, Belgium.,Department of Textiles, Ghent University , Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
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38
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Herner A, Lin Q. Photo-Triggered Click Chemistry for Biological Applications. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2016; 374:1. [PMID: 27397964 PMCID: PMC4935935 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-015-0002-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade and a half, numerous bioorthogonal reactions have been developed with a goal to study biological processes in their native environment, i.e., in living cells and animals. Among them, the photo-triggered reactions offer several unique advantages including operational simplicity with the use of light rather than toxic metal catalysts and ligands, and exceptional spatiotemporal control through the application of an appropriate light source with pre-selected wavelength, light intensity and exposure time. While the photoinduced reactions have been studied extensively in materials research, e.g., on macromolecular surface, the adaptation of these reactions for chemical biology applications is still in its infancy. In this chapter, we review the recent efforts in the discovery and optimization the photo-triggered bioorthogonal reactions, with a focus on those that have shown broad utility in biological systems. We discuss in each cases the chemical and mechanistic background, the kinetics of the reactions and the biological applicability together with the limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Herner
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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39
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Sutton DA, Yu SH, Steet R, Popik VV. Cyclopropenone-caged Sondheimer diyne (dibenzo[a,e]cyclooctadiyne): a photoactivatable linchpin for efficient SPAAC crosslinking. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:553-6. [PMID: 26538499 PMCID: PMC4689622 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08106h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first fully conjugated bis-cyclopropenone (photo-DIBOD), a derivative of dibenzo[a,e][8]annulene, has been synthesized. 350-420 nm irradiation of this robust compound results in the efficient formation of dibenzo [a,e] cyclooctadiyne, an unstable, but useful SPAAC cross-linking reagent. Since photo-DIBO doesn't react with organic azides, this method allows for the spatiotemporal control of the ligation of two azide-tagged substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewey A Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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40
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41
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The Diels–Alder reaction: A powerful tool for the design of drug delivery systems and biomaterials. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 97:438-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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42
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Du X, Li J, Welle A, Li L, Feng W, Levkin PA. Reversible and Rewritable Surface Functionalization and Patterning via Photodynamic Disulfide Exchange. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:4997-5001. [PMID: 26192333 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A reversible surface functionalization and patterning strategy based on a photodynamic disulfide exchange reaction is demonstrated. The method allows for rapid and reversible functionalization, patterning, and exchange or removal of functional groups on the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Junsheng Li
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Linxian Li
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wenqian Feng
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel A Levkin
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Angewandte Physikalische Chemie Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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43
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Efficient Photochemical Approaches for Spatially Resolved Surface Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11388-403. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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44
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Delaittre G, Goldmann AS, Mueller JO, Barner-Kowollik C. Effiziente photochemische Verfahren für die räumlich aufgelöste Oberflächenfunktionalisierung. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Synthetic polymer chemistry has undergone two major developments in the last two decades. About 20 years ago, reversible-deactivation radical polymerization processes started to give access to a wide range of polymeric architectures made from an almost infinite reservoir of functional building blocks. A few years later, the concept of click chemistry revolutionized the way polymer chemists approached synthetic routes. Among the few reactions that could qualify as click, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) initially stood out. Soon, many old and new reactions, including cycloadditions, would further enrich the synthetic macromolecular chemistry toolbox. Whether click or not, cycloadditions are in any case powerful tools for designing polymeric materials in a modular fashion, with a high level of functionality and, sometimes, responsiveness. Here, we wish to describe cycloaddition methodologies that have been reported in the last 10 years in the context of macromolecular engineering, with a focus on those developed in our laboratories. The overarching structure of this Account is based on the three most commonly encountered cycloaddition subclasses in organic and macromolecular chemistry: 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, (hetero-)Diels-Alder cycloadditions ((H)DAC), and [2+2] cycloadditions. Our goal is to briefly describe the relevant reaction conditions, the advantages and disadvantages, and the realized polymer applications. Furthermore, the orthogonality of most of these reactions is highlighted because it has proven highly beneficial for generating unique, multifunctional polymers in a one-pot reaction. The overview on 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions is mostly centered on the application of CuAAC as the most travelled route, by far. Besides illustrating the capacity of CuAAC to generate complex polymeric architectures, alternative 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions operating without the need for a catalyst are described. In the area of (H)DA cycloadditions, beyond the popular maleimide/furan couple, we present chemistries based on more reactive species, such as cyclopentadienyl or thiocarbonylthio moieties, particularly stressing the reversibility of these systems. In these two greater families, as well as in the last section on [2+2] cycloadditions, we highlight phototriggered chemistries as a powerful tool for spatially and temporally controlled materials synthesis. Clearly, cycloaddition chemistry already has and will continue to transform the field of polymer chemistry in the years to come. Applying this chemistry enables better control over polymer composition, the development of more complicated polymer architectures, the simplification of polymer library production, and the discovery of novel applications for all of these new polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz
1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Nathalie K. Guimard
- INM − Leibniz
Institute for New Materials, Functional Surfaces Group, and Saarland
University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und
Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut
für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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46
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Fuchise K, Lindemann P, Heißler S, Gliemann H, Trouillet V, Welle A, Berson J, Walheim S, Schimmel T, Meier MAR, Barner-Kowollik C. A photolithographic approach to spatially resolved cross-linked nanolayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:3242-3253. [PMID: 25705846 DOI: 10.1021/la505011j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of cross-linked nanosheets with 1-2 nm thickness and predefined shape was achieved by lithographic immobilization of trimethacryloyl thioalkanoates onto the surface of Si wafers, which were functionalized with 2-(phenacylthio)acetamido groups via a photoinduced reaction. Subsequent cross-linking via free radical polymerization as well as a phototriggered Diels-Alder reaction under mild conditions on the surface led to the desired nanosheets. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), as well as infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (IRRAS) confirmed the success of individual surface-modification and cross-linking reactions. The thickness and lateral size of the cross-linked structures were determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) for samples prepared on Si wafers functionalized with a self-assembled monolayer of 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl groups bearing circular pores obtained via a polymer blend lithographic approach, which led to the cross-linking reactions occurring in circular nanoareas (diameter of 50-640 nm) yielding an average thickness of 1.2 nm (radical cross-linking), 1.8 nm (radical cross-linking in the presence of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate as a comonomer), and 1.1 nm (photochemical cross-linking) of the nanosheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Fuchise
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Lindemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Heißler
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Gliemann
- §Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- ∥Institut für Angewandte Materialien (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Alexander Welle
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jonathan Berson
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Walheim
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Schimmel
- #Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- ∇Institute of Applied Physics and Center for Functional Nanostructures (CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael A R Meier
- ‡Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- †Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie (ITPC), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- ⊥Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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47
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Altintas O, Glassner M, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Welle A, Trouillet V, Barner-Kowollik C. Macromolecular Surface Design: Photopatterning of Functional Stable Nitrile Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:5777-83. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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48
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Altintas O, Glassner M, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Welle A, Trouillet V, Barner-Kowollik C. Makromolekulare Oberflächen: Photomusterung mit funktionellen stabilen Nitriloxiden. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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49
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Chen C, Zhou X, Xie Z, Gao T, Zheng Z. Construction of 3D polymer brushes by dip-pen nanodisplacement lithography: understanding the molecular displacement for ultrafine and high-speed patterning. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:613-21. [PMID: 25256006 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Dip-pen nanodisplacement lithography (DNL) is a versatile scanning probe-based technique that can be employed for fabricating ultrafine 3D polymer brushes under ambient conditions. Many fundamental studies and applications require the large-area fabrication of 3D structures. However, the fabrication throughput and uniformity are still far from satisfactory. In this work, the molecular displacement mechanism of DNL is elucidated by systematically investigating the synergistic effect of z extension and contact time. The in-depth understanding of molecular displacement results in the successful achievement of ultrafine control of 3D structures and high-speed patterning at the same time. Remarkably, one can prepare arbitrary 3D polymer brushes on a large area (1.3 mm × 1.3 mm), with <5% vertical and lateral size variations, and a patterning speed as much as 200-fold faster than the current state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojian Chen
- Advanced Research Centre for Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic, University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518000, China; Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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50
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. “Click”-Inspired Chemistry in Macromolecular Science: Matching Recent Progress and User Expectations. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma501386v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Espeel
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Department
of Organic and
Macromolecular Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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